World Military Expenditures and Arms Transfers 1996 · 2019. 9. 6. · Gulf War. The United States...

U.S. ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT AGENCY

WorldMilitaryExpendituresArmsTransfers

1996

Foreword, Highlights, Charts, Statistical Notes

Country Rankings by Variable

Tables of Military and Economic Variablesfor 172 Countries, 1985-1995

and

WorldMilitary Expendituresand Arms Transfers

1996

U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency

Library of Congress Numbers:JX 1974.A1U52

78-645925

ISSN 0897-4667

Released July 1997

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office

Washington, DC 20402

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Key military indicators reported in this 25th edition of World Military Expendituresand Arms Transfers (WMEAT) suggest that 1995, the last year shown, may prove to be apivotal year. Military spending took an upward turn in the developing countries as a groupas well as in a number of regions, notably East Asia and South America, after droppingsince 1986 except for the Gulf War years. Arms imports by the developing countries alsoturned up sharply in 1995, with increases appearing in the Middle East, East Asia, SouthAmerica, and South and Central Asia. Armed forces numbers did not generally increase in1995, but neither have they shown recent signs of falling appreciably in the developinggroup. On the other hand, for the developed country group all these indicators of militaryeffort continued their decline from Cold War levels in 1995, with little sign of abatement.

Although the full long-term implication of these trends may be cloudy, it is clearthat the work of arms control and nonproliferation is far from over. That conviction is sup-ported by the difficulties being encountered in many of the growing number of internationalpeace-promoting efforts, the ominous threat of terrorism, the military disorder in a numberof regions, and the persistence of armed conflict potential around the globe.

In fact, the work of arms control and nonproliferation is daily facing new challengesand taking new paths. It is imperative that the toilers in this vineyard maintain and evenincrease their dedication, their persistent efforts, and ultimately, their successes, despite set-backs and discouragements.

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Foreword

Preface

This edition of WMEAT (pronounced "we-meet"), the twenty-fifth in the series issued by the U.S.Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, is intended to serve as a convenient reference on military expen-ditures, arms transfers, armed forces, and related economic data for 172 countries over the 1985-1995decade. We have continued our efforts to provide comprehensive, up-to-date, and accurate data, accompa-nied by pertinent analyses and highlights.

Future editions are now available through the Standing Order Service of the Superintendent ofDocuments (see last page). Copies of this report may be obtained by placing an order with theSuperintendent of Documents (telephone no. 202 512-1800).

This report is also available via the Internet on ACDA's Home Page: http://www.acda.gov. TheMain Statistical Tables are also placed in a format that facilitates electronic use. Readers should be awarethat additional analyses relating to WMEAT are expected to appear on the ACDA Home Page in thefuture.

Comments and questions regarding this publication are welcome. They may be directed to :

WMEATU.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency

Washington, DC 20451

Editor: Daniel GallikAssociate Editor: Dennis Winstead

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Contents

Foreword by Director John D. Holum .................................................................................................................iii

Highlights

Military Expenditures ...................................................................................................................................1

Armed Forces................................................................................................................................................6

Arms Transfers ...........................................................................................................................................10

Arms Import Trends.........................................................................................................................10

Arms Export Trends.........................................................................................................................17

Number of Weapons Delivered........................................................................................................24

Military Burden and Other Relative Indicators ..........................................................................................28

Country Rankings: 1995......................................................................................................................................35

Main Statistical Tables

Table I. Military Expenditures, Armed Forces, GNP, Central Government Expenditures,and Population, 1985-1995, by Region, Organization, and Country .......................................49

Table II. Arms Transfer Deliveries and Total Trade, 1985-1995, by Region, Organization, and Country.............................................................................................................................100

Table III. Value of Arms Transfer Deliveries, Cumulative 1993-1995, by Major Supplier and Recipient Country ............................................................................................................151

Table IV. Value of Arms Tranfer Deliveries and Agreements, 1985-1995, by Major Supplier and Recipient Region ..............................................................................................................156

Table V. Number of Major Weapons Delivered to Regions and Groups, Cumulative Periods 1984-1986, 1987-1989, 1990-1992, and 1993-1995, by Supplier and Weapon Type ..........................................................................................................................168

Statistical Notes .................................................................................................................................................185

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World military spending of $864 billion in 1995 wasdown 34% from the all time high of $1.36 trillion in 1987and marked the eighth consecutive drop (in 1995 dollars—Main Table I). It was also the lowest spending level since1967.

As can be seen in Figure 1, the reduction in worldspending can be credited to the developed country group(found mainly in Europe,† North America, and East Asia),where the downward trend also began in 1987 and closelyfollowed that of the world. The developed group, makingup over three-quarters of the world total, fell by a hefty 8%

annually in 1991-1995, the latter half of the decade underreport (Table 1). The straight-line segment in Figure 2,shows developed group spending dropping steadily at a rateof 7% since 1992 with no sign of impending deviation,although regional rates vary substantially, as will be seen.

In contrast, military spending by this group of coun-tries (mainly in South and Central America, Africa, andAsia) experienced a sizable increase in 1995, to roughly$200 billion, after having posted consecutive reductions

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Highlights

Military Expenditures

Figure 1. World Military Expenditures: 1961-1995

The logarithmic or ratio scale used in these figures isdesigned to facilitate comparison of rates of change. Ratioscales are compressed as values increase so that, anywhereon the chart, equal vertical distances represent equal ratiosof value and equal slopes represent equal rates of change.

*

Regions and countries are listed in Main Table III, pp. 151-155. See also Statistical Notes, Coverage and Groups ofCountries.

†

since 1990. Spending by this group has fluctuated repeated-ly and peaked earlier in a 1982-1986 plateau. It declinedrelatively slowly at under 2% over the decade and under 4%in the latter half, with a reversal at the time of the Gulf War.

This suggests that the post-Cold War downwardadjustment among the developed group is still in progressand is independent of the decline in the developing group,where it may be drawing to a close or reversing direction.

Regional Trends

Although regional military spending continues toexhibit the predominantly downward tendency seen inrecent years, the trends are becoming more diverse, asshown in Table 1 and Figure 3. Real spending growth ratesin 1991-1995 for seven regions, including the largest, werestill declining moderately to rapidly, while five had risingtrends (in percent):

1991-1995 World ShareAverage Rate 1995

Declining

Eastern Europe -24.1 11.5Middle East -18.0 5.6Central America & Carib. -11.9 .1Subsaharan Africa -6.4 .4Western Europe -3.3 23.2North America -3.0 33.4North Africa - .6 .6

Rising

Central Asia & Cauc. (92-95) +6.3 .4South America +5.2 2.7South Asia +3.6 1.5Oceania +3.4 1.1East Asia +3.3 19.1

The five largest regions in military spending—North America, Western Europe, East Asia, Eastern Europe,and the Middle East—accounted for 93% of the world totalin 1995. (The regions are ranked in Table 1, second col-umn.) Trends in Eastern Europe and the Middle East weresharply declining, in North America and Western Europe,modestly-to-moderately declining, and in East Asia, moder-ately rising. Eastern Europe lost its leading rank in 1991-1992 with Soviet reform and collapse.

North America's one-third share of world spendingin 1995 was down from its 36% share in the previous year,as the region continued to follow a steady if moderatedeclining pattern begun in 1986, broken only in 1992 by theGulf War. The United States (96% of the region) was byfar the largest spender in the world, its $278 billion in 1995being 3.7 times that of second-ranked Russia. This wasdespite dropping by $18 billion (constant dollars) or 6% in1995 and by around 3% annually from 1985 and 1991.Over the decade, the United States' share of the world inmilitary spending as well as in other military indicators hasincreased, even as its real levels declined, due to the factthat the rest of the world has been falling faster (see boxbelow). Canada's over $9 billion in 1995 gave it a relativelyhigh 13th world spending rank despite being overshadowedby the United States (Figure 4).

Western Europe's spending, at $200 billion nownearly a quarter of the world's, has also been falling moder-ately every year since 1990 at over 3% annually. In 1995,the largest spenders—France, Germany, the UnitedKingdom, and Italy, ranked 5th through 8th with outlaysranging from $48 to $19 billion—continued to fall, led bythe United Kingdom's nearly $3 billion drop. Most othersalso declined, the seven exceptions being Spain, Turkey,Portugal, Greece, Sweden, Ireland, and Switzerland. Over

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Figure 2. World Military Expenditures:1985-1995

the decade, Western Europe's 1.3% rate of decline has beenlowest of all major declining regions, followed by NorthAmerica, suggesting the possibility of further substantialdrops yet to come.

East Asia continued its upward trend in 1995,increasing its total military expenditures by $8 billion or5%, to a decade high $165 billion. The region has steadilyincreased its spending every year of the decade except for aslight drop in 1991, with an average 3.3% growth rate sincethen. China's $5 billion jump can be credited for much ofthe region's increase in 1995. There were large increases in1995 by numerous others as well, including Taiwan ($1.4billion), Indonesia ($975 million), Singapore ($585 million),and North Korea ($362 million). Only Japan and thePhilippines recorded sizable reductions, $300 million and

$251 million, respectively. China, at $63 billion in militaryexpenditures, was the third largest spender in the world in1995, followed by Japan at fourth with $50 billion. SouthKorea and Taiwan also were high in the world rankings,10th and 11th, respectively.

Eastern Europe's roughly $100 billion in militaryexpenditures in 1995 marks the region's seventh consecutivedrop since peaking at $472 billion in 1988, an overall reduc-tion of about four-fifths. The 1995 drop of $20 billion canbe credited mostly to Russia, down by $19.3 billion.Russia's roughly estimated $76 billion continues to domi-nate regional spending and puts it second in the world, fol-lowed by Poland, 24th with $5 billion. The Ukraine posted

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Figure 3. Military Expenditures by Region: 1985-1995

Table 1Military Expenditures: Shares and Growth(in percent)

World Share Real Growth Rate*

Decade 2nd Half1985 1995 85-95 91-95

World 100.0 100.0 -4.9 -7.1Developed 82.7 77.3 -5.6 -8.0Developing 17.3 22.7 -1.7 -3.8

RegionNorth America 27.4 33.4 -2.7 -3.0Western Europe 17.3 23.2 -1.3 -3.3East Asia 9.8 19.1 2.3 3.3Eastern Europe 34.1 11.5 -15.5 -24.1Middle East 7.0 5.6 -5.3 -18.0South America 1.4 2.7 .2 5.2South Asia .8 1.5 2.2 3.6Oceania .6 1.1 2.1 3.4North Africa .6 .6 -5.8 -.6Subsaharan Africa .4 .4 -2.3 -6.4Central Asia & Cauc. — .4 — —Central Amer. & Car. .2 .1 -9.6 -11.9

Europe, all 51.4 34.7 -9.0 -13.2Africa, all 1.3 1.4 -4.3 -5.0

Organization / Reference GroupOECD 48.2 63.5 -1.7 -2.7OPEC 5.8 4.3 -6.1 -21.7NATO, all 43.4 54.5 -2.2 -3.3Warsaw Pact (fmr) 33.7 11.4 -15.6 -24.5NATO Europe 16.0 21.3 -1.4 -3.5Latin America 1.8 3.1 -.5 4.6CIS — 9.7 — —

* Average annual rate, calculated as a compound rate curve fitted to all points (see Statistical Notes for details).

a large drop of $900 million, and Hungary ($272 million),the Czech Republic ($190 million), and Belarus ($172 mil-lion) also experienced sizable drops. On the other hand, siz-able increases were recorded in 1995 by Romania ($287million), Croatia ($241 million), Poland ($127 million), andSlovakia ($126 million). These followed rises in 1994 aswell.

The largest single drop in Eastern Europe's spend-ing came in 1992 with a sharp 36% decline. (Only aboutone percentage point of this drop was due to the definitionaltransfer of eight former republics of the Soviet Union fromthe region to the new WMEAT Central Asia and Caucasusregion.)

Middle East military spending totalled $49 billion in1995, a slight decline from 1994 and about half of the 1991peak during the Gulf War. Large drops were experiencedby Iran, which fell by $1.4 billion, Saudi Arabia, $420 mil-lion, the United Arab Emirates, $290 million, and Syria,$156 million. Most other countries increased their spend-ing. Egypt had the largest increase in 1995, up by $772 mil-lion. Israel, with $358 million, and Kuwait, $342 million,also showed sizable rises. Saudi Arabia ranked 9th in the

world in 1995 with $17 billion and Israel ranked 14th with$9 billion.

While all five major spending regions except EastAsia had falling trends in the latter half of the decade, theremaining smaller regions exhibited a more varied picturefor that period. Four had rising trends—South America,South Asia, Oceania, and Central Asia and Caucasus (in1992-1995), while three were falling—North Africa,Subsaharan Africa, and Central America and Caribbean. In1995, several of these regions bucked their trends; SouthAsia and Oceania fell while North Africa rose.

Though trends in these smaller spending regionshave little influence on the shares or movement of spendingin the world and various other large groupings of countries,they are significant from the standpoint of arms control,nonproliferation, and regional stability. It is here, after all,that much conflict and war occurs, and such conflict or itspotential provides incentive for the acquisition of ordinaryconventional weapons and, ultimately, advanced conven-tional and mass destruction weapons. Most interstate con-flicts involve individual countries in small sub-regions, ofcourse, rather than large groups and regions.

US Military: Changes in World Status and Trends

The United States position in the world’s military pic-ture has changed in divergent ways recently, depending onwhether the comparison is over time or with the rest of theworld. On the one hand, US military indicators fell substan-tially since peaking in 1986 to 1988, including in the mostrecent 5-year period, while general economic indicators rose(in %):

1995 as % of Average previous peak growth rate (in 1986-1988) 1991-95

Military expenditures 74 - 3.2 Armed forces 71 - 6.3 Military spending/GNP 60 - 5.6 Arms exports 69 - 1.9 Arms imports 29 - 17.4

GNP — + 2.6 Population — + 1.0 Total exports — + 5.5 Total imports — + 8.2

On the other hand, the US rank and share of the worldrose over the decade in such key indicators as militaryexpenditures and arms exports, where the US has becomefar and away the world’s largest, and armed forces, wherethe US rose from third to second, even as its share dropped.

US as Percent of the World

1985 1995 1985 1995

Military spending 27 32 GNP 23 23Arms exports 26 49 Total exports 11 12Arms imports 3 3 Total imports 18 16Armed forces 8 7 Population 5 5

This rise in US military status has resulted mainly fromsharp reductions in other parts of the world, due especiallyto the Soviet collapse and Cold War end, rather than USincreases. Since US military indicators dropped more slow-ly than those of the rest of the world, relative US militarystature rose.

Besides rising, US shares of the world for military indi-cators (except arms imports) are higher than for correspond-ing civilian or overall indicators, where shares have beenstable. Whether this military advantage persists maydepend on whether it derived mainly from a not-yet-dissi-pated Cold War momentum, domestic economic and politi-cal factors, or the US’s leading role in international securityaffairs, as well as future demands on that role. (Dataderived from Main Tables I and II; see also Figure 4 and theCountry Rankings section, below.)

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South America's relatively fast annual growth in mili-tary spending during the latter half of the decade is duemainly to a rise of $4 billion in 1995, to a total of $23 bil-lion, marking an all-time decade high for the region. Muchof the 1995 rise can be credited to Brazil's dramatic $3.5 bil-lion increase, along with Colombia's $665 million, Chile's$366 million, and Peru's $121 million. Only Argentina andVenezeula experienced sizable drops from 1994, $328 mil-lion and $158 million, respectively. Brazil's $11 billion in1995 spending ranked 12th in the world.

South Asia's rising trend in 1991-1994 is attributableto India, which makes up about 60% of the region, andPakistan, about 30%. Both Indian and Pakistani militaryexpenditures fell in 1995, however, by $671 and $292 mil-lion, respectively. In terms of world rankings, India's $8 bil-lion in expenditures in 1995 places it 18th, while Pakistan,with roughly $4 billion, ranks 30th.

Oceania's spending has been rising steadily and mod-erately since 1989, with a slight drop in 1995. Australia,which dominates the region, continued a relatively stablelevel of spending in 1994 and 1995 of around $8.5 billion,ranking 16th in the world.

Other small regions have diverse trends. Spending inNorth Africa has been declining in most years of the decadeuntil bottoming in 1993-1994 and rising in 1995, due toLibya's $660 million upturn. Countries in SubsaharanAfrica overall, as well as South Africa, have been droppingsince 1993. Total spending in Central Asia and theCaucasus has levelled at around $3.5 billion in 1993-1995.Central America and Caribbean spending has dropped rapid-ly in the last half of the decade, particularly in 1992 and1995, led by reductions in Cuba, El Salvador, andNicaragua, with upturns in Haiti and Dominican Republic in1995.

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Figure 4. Leading Military Spenders and Armed Forces: 1995

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Armed Forces

Table 2Armed Forces: Shares and Growth(in percent)


Decade 2nd Half1985 1995 85-95 91-95

World 100.0 100.0 -2.5 -3.0Developed 42.5 33.6 -5.1 -6.6Developing 57.5 66.4 -.9 -.8

RegionEast Asia 30.0 31.6 -1.6 -2.7Western Europe 13.5 13.9 -2.2 -2.4Eastern Europe 20.1 13.7 -7.2 -6.7Middle East 9.1 10.2 -1.5 -2.1South Asia 6.9 9.4 1.3 .1North America 8.8 8.2 -2.9 -5.7Subsaharan Africa 3.8 4.5 -1.0 -1.5South America 4.0 4.0 -2.5 -.6North Africa 1.7 1.9 -1.1 -1.1Central Asia & Cauc. — 1.1 — —Central Amer. & Car. 1.8 .9 -8.2 -17.6Oceania .3 .4 -1.3 -3.8

Europe, all 33.7 27.5 -4.9 -4.6Africa, all 5.7 6.8 -1.0 -.9

Organization / Reference GroupOECD 23.4 23.4 -2.4 -3.6OPEC 7.2 7.7 -2.3 -1.5NATO, all 21.1 20.6 -2.6 -3.9Warsaw Pact (fmr) 19.1 13.3 -7.0 -6.2NATO Europe 12.8 13.2 -2.2 -2.5Latin America 6.5 5.7 -3.4 -4.0CIS — 9.9 — —

* Average annual rate, calculated as a compound rate curvefitted to all points (see Statistical Notes for details).

The world armed forces total of 22.8 million soldiersin 1995 represented a 3% drop from 1994 and a continuationof the downward trend following the 1988 decade high of28.7 million (Main Table I). The worldwide trend was rela-tively flat over the first half of the decade but fell at a modest3% annual rate in the second half.

Total developing country forces fell only slightly, atan average rate of less than 1% over both periods. Nowtwice as large as the developed, they numbered 15.1 millionin 1995, down 2.5% from 1994 (Figure 5).

The armed forces of the developed country grouptotaled 7.7 million in 1995, 4% less than in 1994. Theycontinued to fall faster than those of the developing group,posting annual drop rates of 7% in 1991-1995 and 5% overthe entire decade.

Figure 5. World and Regional Armed Forces: 1985-1995

As a result of the differing trends, the forces of devel-oping countries have grown from 57% of the world total in1985 to two-thirds in 1995 (Table 2).

Thirteen of the world’s twenty largest armies in 1995belonged to developing countries (Figure 4 and CountryRankings). Of these, China, India, and North Korea hadforces of over 1 million soldiers each in 1995 and ranked 1st,4th and 5th in the world, respectively. The next three largestdeveloping country armies—Turkey, Pakistan, andVietnam—had armed forces totaling between roughly 550and 800 thousand and ranked 6th, 8th and 9th. The Ukraine,Iran, Egypt, Iraq, Burma, Syria, and Thailand—with forcesbetween roughly 300 and 500 thousand—rounded out the toptwenty.

Among developed countries, armed forces of theUnited States and Russia ranked second and third in theworld, respectively, roughly 1.5 million each. Together, thefive armies of a million or more made up over a third of theworld total in 1995.

Regional Trends

Nearly all regions followed at least mildly decliningtrends over the decade. Only South Asia had rising trendsover the decade and its second half. East Asian armedforces, more than twice as large as the next region's, foundtheir share of worldwide forces expanding to nearly a third.Eastern European and Central American forces droppedsharply, especially in 1990-1992. North America had thethird fastest rate of decline in the last half-decade.

East Asia

East Asian armies made up 32% of all armed forcesin 1995 compared to 30% in 1985. The dominant army—Mainland China's—had 2.9 million soldiers in 1995, 41% ofEast Asia's and 13% of the world's armed forces. The size ofits 1995 army held constant from 1994, ending a downwardtrend that began in 1989. Over the decade, China's army fellon average by 3.5% and slightly slower at 2.5% during1991-1995. China's army is roughly three times NorthKorea's, the next largest East Asian army with just over onemillion soldiers in 1995, down 13% from 1994. Over thedecade, North Korea's army grew on the order of 3.4% annu-ally, but fell during the latter half of the decade by 3% as aresult of the drop in 1995. The next three largest armies inEast Asia in 1995 were South Korea (655 thousand solders),Vietnam (550), and Taiwan (425). Of these, only Vietnamhad rapid change, an annual decline of 9% over the decadeand 12% over the latter half. The above five were amongthe 15 largest armies in the world in 1995, 1st, 5th, 7th, 9th,and 15th, respectively.

Western and Eastern Europe

Total European military strength fell to 6.3 millionsoldiers in 1995 following consecutive reductions during1987-1993 and a slight increase in 1994. European armiesdropped to 27.5% of world armed forces in 1995 comparedto a 34% share in 1985. This dramatic shift is due mostly toEastern Europe's fall from 20% of the world in 1985 tounder 14% in 1995.

Turkey has the largest army in Western Europe with805 thousand soldiers in 1995, down slightly from 1994. Itaccounts for over one quarter of Western Europe’s armedforces. Over the decade, Turkey's armed forces trendeddownward slightly but rose during 1991-1995.

France, with 504 thousand soldiers, Italy, 435, andGermany, 352, maintained the next largest armies inWestern Europe in 1995, together making up an additional41% of total regional strength. Each of these three declinedsteadily over the mid-to-late portion of the decade, withGermany's being the most rapid (3.5% over the decade and7% over the latter half). Turkey ranked 6th in the world interms of total armed forces in 1995, followed by France at10th, Italy at 13th, and Germany at 17th.

European members of NATO made up 64% ofNATO’s total strength in 1995, 48% of Europe's, 95% of theWestern European, and 13% of the world's.

Eastern Europe's armed forces have been reduced by45% from the beginning to the end of the decade, with the1995 total being the lowest level, although the trend wasnearly level in the last three years. Russia claims the largestarmy, with 1.4 million soldiers in 1995, 45% of the regionaltotal. Ukraine has the second largest army with 476 thou-sand soldiers and 15%, followed by Poland (278 thousand)and Romania (209). Poland and Romania have experiencedsubstantial growth in forces strength since 1993, Poland upby roughly 100,000 soldiers or 54%, and Romania up by42,000 soldiers or 25%. Over the decade both had strongdeclining trends. Russia's forces declined during 1992-1995at an annual rate of 9% while the Ukraine's grew at 2%.Russia ranked 3rd among the world's armed forces in 1995,the Ukraine, 11th, Poland, 23rd, and Romania, 28th.

Middle East

Armies of the Middle East accounted for 10% ofworld armed forces in 1995, totaling over 2.3 million sol-diers. The region's total fell by 86,000 soldiers from 1994 to1995, a 4% drop. A relatively mild 2% annual drop since1991 comes after sharp increases in the first half of thedecade with the Iran-Iraq and Gulf Wars, followed by a pre-cipitous 25% fall in 1991 alone.

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Iran (440 thousand), Egypt (430), and Iraq (390) con-tinue to have the region’s largest armies, making up overhalf of the 1995 regional total. The next three largest armieswere Syria (320 thousand), Israel (185), and Jordan (112).

Iran and Iraq were the only Middle East countries toreduce their armies in 1995, Iran by 88 thousand soldiers or17% and Iraq by 35 thousand or 8%. Increases were experi-enced by Jordan, 12 thousand soldiers, and Saudi Arabia, 11thousand. The armies of Kuwait, Lebanon, and Omanincreased their armies by 5 thousand soldiers, while all oth-ers remained at their 1994 manpower levels. Over thedecade, Iran and Saudi Arabia grew annually on the order of3% and 11%, respectively, while Iraq dropped at an averagerate of 10%, mostly in 1991. Over the latter half of thedecade all major armies of the Middle East had decliningtrends, the most rapid being Syria's, with a 7% rate.

In 1995 Iran maintained the 12th largest army in theworld, followed by Egypt at 14th, Iraq at 16th and Syria at19th. Far out of line with their significance, Israel's was the30th largest and Jordan's, the 41st.

South Asia

South Asian armed forces totaled over 2.1 million sol-diers in 1995, over 9% of the world total and 11 thousandless than the previous year, ending a period of moderategrowth that began in 1989.

Indian and Pakistani armies make up 86% of theregion’s total strength, India alone accounting for almostthree-fifths. India's armed forces fell by 40 thousand sol-diers in 1995, returning its manpower to the 1993 level,while Pakistan's armed forces rose by 47 thousand, alsoreturning to roughly their 1993 size. Both nations had slowgrowth during both the decade and half-decade periods.India continues to possess the 4th largest army in the world,with 1.265 million soldiers in 1995, while Pakistan had the8th largest, with 587 thousand. Bangladesh's army, 115thousand soldiers strong, was only the 38th largest.

North America

The United States dominates North American armedforces strength. The US armed forces level of over 1.6 mil-lion in 1995—the world’s second largest army—is downroughly 100 thousand soldiers from 1994 and 659 thousandfrom its peak level in 1987. The 1995 US forces accountedfor 87% of the North America region, 21% of the developedcountries total, but only 5% of the world strength. Over thedecade, US forces fell at an annual rate of 4%, but thedecline quickened over the latter half of the decade, to 6%.Mexico, with 175 thousand soldiers, ranked 31st in the worldin 1995 and Canada, with 70 thousand, ranked 56th.

The remaining six developing regions of the world—North and Subsaharan Africa, South and Central America,Central Asia, and Oceania—accounted for 13% of theworld’s total armed forces in 1995, up by 1 percentage pointfrom 1985. No countries in these regions possessed armiesranking in the top twenty in 1995, and only Brazil, with 285thousand soldiers, and Morocco, with 195 thousand, rank inthe top thirty.

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Table 3Force Ratio Trends

Amount Growth Rate*

Decade 2nd Half1985 1991 1995 85-95 91-95

Armed Forces: (In millions)World 28.1 26.0 22.8 -2.5 -3.0Developed 11.9 10.3 7.7 -5.1 -6.6Developing 16.2 15.7 15.1 -.9 -.8

Population: (In billions)World 4.8 5.3 5.7 1.6 1.5Developed 1.2 1.3 1.2 -.8 -1.8Developing 3.6 4.0 4.5 2.3 2.4

Force Ratio: (In soldiers per 1000 pop.)World 5.8 4.9 4.0 -4.0 -4.4Developed 9.8 8.1 6.6 -4.3 -4.9Developing 4.5 3.8 3.3 -3.1 -3.2

Middle East 15.8 13.2 10.7 -4.4 -4.8Eastern Europe 13.6 9.8 9.1 -4.8 -2.9Western Europe 9.4 8.2 7.1 -3.3 -3.0North Africa 8.2 6.8 5.9 -3.5 -3.4North America 8.8 6.5 4.8 -4.1 -6.9East Asia 5.0 4.5 3.8 -2.9 -3.8Central Asia & Cauc. — — 3.4 — —Central Amer. & Car. 10.5 8.5 3.4 -10.0 -19.2Oceania 3.9 3.5 2.9 -2.7 -5.1South America 4.2 3.0 2.9 -4.1 -.9Subsaharan Africa 2.6 2.3 1.9 -3.9 -4.3South Asia 1.9 1.8 1.7 -.8 -1.8

Europe, all 11.5 9.0 8.0 -4.4 -3.2Africa, all 3.3 2.8 2.4 -3.8 -3.6

OECD 7.4 6.6 5.5 -3.4 -4.4OPEC 5.5 4.4 3.7 -4.6 -3.8NATO, all 9.3 8.2 6.7 -3.7 -4.7Warsaw Pact (fmr) 19.1 9.9 13.3 -6.8 -6.1NATO Europe 9.7 8.4 7.3 -3.4 -3.1Latin America 4.6 3.5 2.7 -5.1 -5.6CIS — — 7.9 — —


Force Ratios

The ratio of a country’s armed forces to its populationprovides a useful indicator of national military burden andeffort. A comparison of trends in armed forces, population,and the resulting “force ratio” shows some significant differ-ences between developed and developing countries and sharpdifferences among regions (Table 3; see also column 1 ofFigure 18 on page 28).

The force ratio for the world declined at an accelerat-ed 4.4% rate during the 1991-1995 period. In 1995 therewere four soldiers per thousand people, compared with justunder five in 1991 and nearly six in 1985. The force ratio ofdeveloped countries in 1995 was double that of the develop-ing, 6.6 compared to 3.3. Force ratios of both groups havefallen moderately, the annual rate of decline for developedcountries during both the decade and half-decade being morerapid than for developing countries.

In 1995, the Middle East had the highest force ratio ofany region with 10.7 soldiers per thousand people, followedby Eastern and Western Europe with 9.1 and 7.1, respective-ly, North Africa with 5.9, North America with 4.8, and EastAsia with 3.8. All remaining regions had lower force ratios.

North Korea continues to have the world’s largestarmy relative to its population, with slightly over 44 soldiersper thousand (see Country Rankings). This ratio is downalmost eight points from the 1994 rankings. Four other EastAsian countries—Taiwan (20), Singapore (18), Brunei (17),and South Korea (15) were also leading countries in terms ofthis ratio, though only Taiwan ranked in the world's top ten.

Five of the top ten countries in terms of this measurewere of the Middle East region. Israel ranked second in theworld with 35 soldiers per thousand people, Jordan followedat third with 27, Syria and the United Arab Emirates, eachwith 21, placed 5th and 6th in the world ranking, and Iraq,with a ratio of 19, ranked 10th. Three other Middle Eastnations—Qatar (19 soldiers), Oman (17), and Lebanon(15)—also ranked in the top twenty.

Countries with large populations tend to have smallforce ratios, of course, even if they have large armies.China, for example, with the world's largest army, has aforce ratio of 2.4, well below the modal value of 4.2, whileIndia with the fourth largest armed forces has a ratio of 1.4.

9

10

Arms Transfers

Figure 6. The World Arms Trade: 1961-1995

Note:

• Total arms imports equal arms exports at the worldlevel (only).

• Initial estimates of arms trade totals for the latestyear are based on incomplete data and tend to rise when reestimated in subsequent editions.

• With the previous edition, the scope of US arms exports was expanded to include exports of military services under the FMS program (see Statistical Notes, Arms Transfers).

The world arms trade rose by $5.2 billion in 1995, thefirst significant turn from a steep 16%-per-year, 8-year declinewhich ended in 1994 below the 1972 level (Figure 6 and MainTable II). The 1995 total of $32 billion brought the level backto only about two-fifths of the 1987 peak (in constant 1995dollars), but the upturn suggests that the post-Cold War plungein the arms trade may be bottoming out.

World arms sales agreements (as distinct from actualdeliveries—that is, exports or imports) also declined generallyover the decade from a 1985 peak of over $73 billion to a $32-34 billion level in 1992-1995, with the exception of a large$52 billion Gulf-War-induced "spike" in 1993. (Agreementsdata are in current dollars from Main Table IV.) Agreementlevels tend to be more erratic and less reliably estimated thandeliveries and have been especially volatile for the UnitedStates during the latter years of the decade. US agreementlevels also spiked in 1991 and 1993, the latter reaching $37billion before returning in 1995 to $13 billion, well below thedecade average and giving no indication of future growth.The 1995 upturn in world deliveries noted above may reflectthe agreements surge resulting from the Gulf War, which willtake years to realize.

The 1995 upturn in the world arms trade was theresult of a sharp $5.6 billion or 36% rise in the armsimports of developing countries, as developed countryimports continued to fall, though only by $.4 billion (Figure7). Both groups of countries began their continuous declinefrom high points in the same year, 1987, but the rate ofdecline from then until the 1994 low point was much steep-

Arms Import Trends

er for the developing countries—a sharp 33% annually. Overthe entire period, the developing countries had a faster aver-age rate of fall despite the upturn in 1995 (Table 4).

The distribution of the world arms trade betweendeveloped and developing countries moved towards anincreasingly large share for the developed—from 29% in1985 to near equality, 45% in 1993, but then returned to amore traditional 33% in 1995.

Overview of Regions

Although all regions of the world had declining armsimport trends over the entire period from 1985 to 1995, thethree largest importing regions—the Middle East, East Asia,and Western Europe—declined more slowly than the rest andtheir leading positions rose, their combined share of worldimports going from 60% to 76% (Table 4). Their individualshares also rose, the Middle East reaching a relative peak of43%, and East Asia nearly doubling its share from 12 to 20%.Western Europe at 13% in 1995 was more than three timesthe next region. Eastern Europe had been a close fourth inregional rankings in 1985 but dropped to eighth by 1995 andwas replaced by South America, which rose to 4% with aspurt in 1995 after being one of the smallest importingregions in 1985 at 2%.

Of the 12 regions, seven raised their imports in 1995,but the Middle East alone accounted for over two-thirds ofthe 1995 world increase. For the Middle East, SouthAmerica, and South Asia, 1995 was the first year of upturnafter several year declines; for East Asia and North Africa, anupturn began in 1994.

Four regions continued their downward trend in1995—Western Europe, North America, Subsaharan Africa,and Central America. Western Europe had been decliningsince 1989, North America, since 1988, and at similar ratessince 1991 of 13% and 17%, respectively. Subsaharan Africadropped sharply in 1995, resuming a decline that began in1986 but was interrupted by spikes in 1987-1988 and 1994.

11

Table 4World Arms Imports: Shares and Growth(in percent)


Decade 2nd Half1985 1995 85-95 91-95


RegionMiddle East 38.4 43.3 -9.6 -3.7East Asia 11.6 20.2 -6.0 2.4Western Europe 9.7 12.6 -7.0 -12.8South America 1.9 4.1 -9.1 6.9North America 3.7 3.9 -8.1 -17.0South Asia 7.2 3.5 -21.8 -24.7Oceania 1.9 3.0 -8.6 3.1Eastern Europe 9.2 2.6 -31.5 52.6Central Asia & Cauc. — 1.1 — —North Africa 4.8 1.0 -27.6 -10.8Subsaharan Africa 5.5 .9 -25.2 -12.2Central Amer. & Car. 5.5 .1 -37.9 -50.1

Europe, all 19.0 15.2 -13.1 -9.6Africa, all 10.3 2.6 -22.8 -10.0

Organization / Reference GroupOECD 17.4 21.3 -7.4 -12.8OPEC 33.7 35.1 -10.4 -6.0NATO, all 12.0 16.0 -7.1 -12.8Warsaw Pact (fmr) 9.2 2.4 -31.6 50.4NATO Europe 7.9 12.0 -6.2 -11.1Latin America 7.5 4.3 -20.2 -7.7CIS — 1.1 — —


Figure 7. World Arms Imports: 1985-1995

12

Figure 8. Regional Arms Imports: 1985-1995

Figure 9. Regional Shares of the World Arms Import Market: 1985 and 1995

Central Asia continued a climb from virtually no trade in1992. Since year-to-year fluctuations in the arms trade can belarge, the world market shares over the cumulative 1993-1995period are also informative; in this case a generally similarpicture emerges (in millions of current dollars—based onMain Table III):

Middle East $36,940 42%East Asia 15,895 18Western Europe 13,270 15North America 4,440 5Africa, all 3,350 4 South Asia 2,660 3Eastern Europe 2,470 3South America 2,230 2

All others 7,660 8

World 88,915 100

Middle East

The Middle East remains by far the largest regionalarms import market with $13.8 billion in purchases in 1995.Its 1995 world share of 43% is five percentage points higherthan the 38% share recorded in both 1994 and 1985. Theregion declined by an average 10% annually over the decade,but at a much slower 4% during 1991-1995, which can becredited mostly to a roughly 35% jump in 1995. Overall, the1995 total is roughly half of that recorded during the earlierpart of the decade.

In a sharp contrast to deliveries, arms purchase agree-ments by Middle East countries fell to a decade low of $5.6billion in 1995, less than half the total recorded in 1994 andone quarter of 1993's. These changes are mainly attributableto the dramatic spike in US agreements with the Middle Eastin 1993 amounting to over $16 billion, which then fellsharply in 1994 and 1995. French arms agreements with theMiddle East also brought about large shifts, rising from $100million in 1992 to $3.6 billion in 1993, to $6.6 billion in1994, and then falling to $1.9 billion in 1995. Over the peri-od 1993-1995, the US accounted for 58% of all arms agree-ments with the Middle East, and France, for another 30%.

During the latter part of the decade trends amongMiddle East countries varied widely as evidenced by the highgrowth rates (in %) of Oman (112), Yemen (85), Lebanon(75), the United Arab Emirates (19), Egypt (16), Jordan (8),and Kuwait (5) and by the rapidly declining trends of Syria(52) and Iran (37).

Other nations showed dramatic shifts in imports,including Saudi Arabia, which had posted consecutive reduc-tions in imports since 1991 (from a lofty $9.3 billion to $6.6billion in 1994) but rose to $8.6 billion in 1995. Egypt fellfrom $1.5 billion in 1993 to $1.2 billion in 1994 and then roseto $1.9 billion in 1995. Kuwait fell from a decade high of

over $1 billion in 1992 to $226 million in 1994 and rose to$900 million in 1995.

Israeli imports also fell from over $1 billion in 1993 to$615 million in 1994 and $340 million in 1995. Israeliimports have declined by an average 15% since 1991. Iranianimports totaled $270 million in 1995, marking a second con-secutive drop from the over $1 billion in purchases recordedin 1993. In contrast to Iran and Israel, Jordan and Oman post-ed consecutive increases since 1992, Jordan from $22 millionin 1992 to $70 million in 1995 and Oman from $11 million to$460 million.

The largest arms importers in the Middle East during1993-1995 were the following (in millions of current dollars;Main Table III):

Saudi Arabia $22,555 61.0%Egypt 4,495 12.2Israel 2,060 5.6Kuwait 2,055 5.6Iran 1,780 4.8United Arab Emir. 1,735 4.7

Others (9) 2,260 6.1

The six leading countries together accounted for 94% of the$37 billion worth of weapons and military equipment import-ed into the region during this period.

Saudi Arabia continues to dominate the Middle Eastregion and the world in terms of arms imports. Its 1995import volume of $8.6 billion accounted for over 62% of the

13

Figure 10. Middle East Arms Import Market: 1995

regional total and 27% of the world. It was 4.5 times that ofthe next largest regional and world importer, Egypt, whose$1.9 billion accounted for 14% of the regional total and 6% ofthe world total (Figure 12; Country Rankings). These twonations accounted for a combined 76% of all arms importedinto the region and 33% of the world total.

Other leading arms purchasers during this period wereKuwait and the United Arab Emirates, each accounting forroughly 6% of the regional market and 3% of the world mar-ket. The remaining eleven countries combined accounted for11% of all regional arms purchases during 1995 and 5% ofthe world total. In terms of rankings, Kuwait followed theworld leaders Saudi Arabia and Egypt as the eighth largestarms importer in the world during 1995, the United ArabEmirates ranked ninth, Oman ranked 17th, Israel ranked 21st,and Iran ranked 27th.

The United States, the number one arms supplier to theMiddle East, provided $18.4 billion in weaponry to the regionduring 1993-1995, roughly half of the region's total and 43%of total US sales (Main Table III). The United States’ largesttrade partners in the region were Saudi Arabia ($10.1 billion),Egypt ($4.1 billion), Israel ($1.7 billion), and Kuwait ($1.6billion). The United Kingdom was the second largest suppli-er to the region in this period with $11.4 billion, whichaccounted for 31% of the region's total imports and 77% oftotal UK sales. Saudi Arabia was the key recipient, consum-ing 90% of total UK sales to the region and 69% of its world-wide sales. The arms supplied to the region by these twoexporters accounted for 81% of regional purchases, 52% oftheir combined worldwide sales, and 34% of world trade.France ($2 billion) and Russia ($1.7 billion) were also majorsuppliers, accounting for a combined 10% of regionalimports. The key recipients in this case were Saudi Arabia,with $1.4 billion in purchases from France, and Iran, with $1billion from Russia.

East Asia

East Asia remains the second largest regional armsimport market for the second year. Its $6.4 billion in 1995purchases were 20% of the world total, eight percentagepoints more than the 12% share recorded in 1985. The 1995total marks the second straight rise for the region after havingfallen continuously from a peak of $10 billion in 1987 to lessthan half that amount in 1993, $4.3 billion. Increases in both1994 and 1995 put East Asian arms imports up 50% from1993. The region averaged a 6% annual decline during theentire decade, but grew on the order of 2.4% annually overthe latter part of the decade, reaching 65% of the 1987 recordpeak.

In 1995, the region's leading arms importers wereTaiwan with $1.2 billion and South Korea and Thailand with$1.1 billion each. These were followed by another trio,

Malaysia, China, and Japan, with $750-625 million. Togetherthese six accounted for 86% of East Asian imports in 1995.

The same sextet also accounted for about the sameportion of the nearly $16 billion imported during 1993-1995,as shown below in a listing of major importers over that peri-od (in millions of current dollars; Main Table III):

South Korea $3,505 22.1%Taiwan 3,215 20.2Japan 1,960 12.3Malaysia 1,920 12.1China 1,610 10.1Thailand 1,575 9.9Singapore 560 3.5Indonesia 300 1.9Vietnam 295 1.9

Others (7) 955 6.0

In terms of their arms import trends over the entire decade,the countries of the region have followed several generalpaths. Relatively steady trends (in constant dollars), withdecade-long average annual change rates, up or down, of 5%or less have been followed by most of the largest importersand some intermediate-sized importers, including Taiwan,South Korea, China, Thailand, Singapore, and thePhilippines. Several large importers at the beginning of thedecade fell drastically in the 1990-1993 interval, includingVietnam, North Korea, Indonesia, and Cambodia, with amoderate recovery in the 1994-1995 period (exceptCamdodia). Japan's imports have declined at an 8% rate overthe decade and somewhat faster (17%) in the latter half.

14

Figure 11. East Asian Arms Import Market1995

Malaysia began the decade at a high level, dropped to aplateau, then began an upturn that averaged 73% per year in1991-1995.

As a consequence of these patterns, arms imports inEast Asia have been spread more widely than in the MiddleEast. At various points in the decade, five different countrieshave been the region's largest importers (Vietnam, Japan,China, South Korea, and Taiwan). In 1995, East Asia's sixleading importers all had high world ranks in terms of armsimports—Taiwan (3), South Korea (4), Thailand (5),Malaysia (11), China (12), and Japan (15).

For several East Asian countries in 1995, even thoughtheir arms imports have dropped to relatively moderate levels,the ratio of arms to total imports was sizable, due to low totalimports (Main Table II):

Arms imports Arms as % of(million $) total imports

Burma $140 10.5%North Korea 100 5.8Cambodia 20 3.2Vietnam 200 2.7

Region average — 0.6

The United States is the number one supplier to EastAsia, providing over $8 billion in weaponry to the region dur-ing 1993-1995, roughly half of the region's total armsimports. The United States’ largest trade partners in theregion were Taiwan ($3.2 billion), Japan ($1.9 billion), SouthKorea ($1.4 billion), and Thailand ($1.1 billion). Russia wasthe second largest supplier during this period, providing some$2.2 billion or 14% of the region's total imports. China wasthe recipient of over half of these sales, followed by Malaysia($550 million) and Vietnam ($290 million). During this peri-od, the combined sales to the region by these two exportersaccounted for 65% of regional purchases and almost one-fifthof their combined worldwide sales. The United Kingdom andGermany, both with roughly $1.7 billion in sales to East Asiaduring 1993-1995, accounted for a combined 21% of theregional arms imports. Key recipients from these supplierswere Malaysia, with $1.2 billion from the United Kingdom,and South Korea, with $1.5 billion from Germany.

Data on agreements, in contrast to the delivery datadiscussed above, suggest further increases in the future.Arms purchase agreements by East Asian countries rose from$6.6 billion in 1994 to $8.8 billion in 1995, which can beattributed mainly to Russian agreements, which rose sharplyto $4.7 billion from $2 billion in 1994. US arms agreements

15

Figure 12. Leading Arms Importers and Their Major Suppliers: 1993-1995

with East Asia peaked at $9.6 billion in 1993 but fell toroughly one-third of that amount in 1994 and fell further to$2.5 billion in 1995. This accounted for 28% of total region-al arms agreements, while Russian sales made up 53%.

Trends within Europe

Western Europe, with imports totaling over $4 billionin 1995 and $13.3 billion during 1993-1995, is the thirdlargest arms importing region. Western Europe overshad-owed the Eastern half in 1995 by importing 13% of totalworldwide imports and 83% of imports by Europe as awhole. The 1995 reduction of 7% in Western Europe's armsimports continued a consecutive yearly decline since the peakof $11.4 billion in 1989. Eastern Europe has experiencedsporadic ups and downs in imports during this period, drop-ping steadily from $9 billion in 1986 to a mere $38 million in1992, back up to $1.4 billion in 1993, down to $272 millionin 1994, then up to $835 million in 1995. Europe as a wholeaveraged a 13% annual decline during the entire decade and a10% annual decline during the latter half. The Western halfdeclined at a more rapid 13% during the later half of thedecade and at a slower 7% over the 1985-1995 period.Eastern Europe conversely reduced its imports by 31% annu-ally over the decade, but grew rapidly at 53% during 1991-1995.

Among Western European countries, only Austria(6%), Greece (6%), and Portugal (2%) had growing armsimports over the decade, while Spain (29%), Austria (18%),Greece (18%), and Belgium (1%) showed growth during thelatter half. Most of those with declining trends had muchmore rapid reductions during the latter half of the decade.Over the entire decade, nine Western European countriesdeclined between 5-10% annually, five between 10-20%, andone over 20%. This differs sharply with the latter half of thedecade when only one country had annual declines between5-10%, four, between 10-20%, and eight, over 20%. Severalnations with previously high arms imports reduced them dra-matically over the latter part of the period, notablySwitzerland and Germany.

Western Europe's four leading arms importers—Turkey ($3 billion), Greece ($2.2 billion), Spain ($1.6 bil-lion), and Germany ($1.3 billion)—together accounted for61% of the $13.3 billion worth of weapons and militaryequipment imported into the region during 1993-1995. In1995 alone, the region's leading importers were Greece ($825million, 10th in the world and one-fifth of regional imports),Turkey ($700 million, 13th), Spain ($675 million, 14th),Belgium ($340 million, 20th), and Germany ($310 million,22nd). These nations accounted for a combined 71% of allarms imported into Western Europe during 1995.

The United States is the number one supplier toWestern Europe, providing roughly $9 billion in weaponry tothe region during 1993-1995, two-thirds of the regional total.The United States’ largest trade partners in the region wereTurkey ($2.3 billion), Spain ($1.3 billion), Greece ($1.2 bil-lion), and Germany ($1 billion). Germany and France—thenext largest suppliers during this period—each exported some$1.1 billion in arms to others in the region, accounting for17% of the region's total. Big purchasers from Germanyincluded Greece ($525 million) and Sweden ($280 million),while Belgium ($280 million) purchased a large share ofFrench intra-regional sales. The UK's intra-regional salestotaled a much smaller $325 million during 1993-1995.

Eastern Europe imported some $2.5 billion in armsduring 1993-1995, with most imports going to Hungary($950 million or 38% of its regional total) and Slovakia ($550million, 22%). The largest supplier of arms was Russia,which provided over $1.3 billion during this period, thewhole amount imported by these two leading recipients.

Other Regional Trends

The nine other regions of the world accounted for one-fifth of total worldwide arms sales in 1995, compared to two-fifths in 1985. This downward shift can be credited mostly toreduced arms imports by Africa (nearly 8 percentage pointslower in 1995 than in 1985) and South Asia (4 percentagepoints lower). By contrast, South and North America andOceania each increased their share of the market over thedecade.

South America’s sharp rise in arms imports from $472million in 1994 to $1.3 billion in 1995 made it the fourthlargest importing region with slightly over 4% of the world-wide market. This jump can be credited to big increases inpurchases by a handful of countries, mainly Chile (up by$267 million), Peru ($218 million), Ecuador ($209 million),and Brazil ($67 million). Of the other South American armspurchasers, five had small increases in 1995 and only one hada decline.

Overall, regional imports grew at a rate of nearly 7% ayear in 1991-1995. Ecuador (72%), Chile (42%), Argentina(29%), and Peru (29%) had much higher growth during thisperiod. Argentina's arms imports remained relatively lowcompared to the high mid-to-late 1980's purchases, as didColombia's, following a surge of imports during 1988-1992.

Over the 1993-1995 period, the key arms importerswere Chile ($525 million), Brazil ($430 million), Peru ($375million), and Ecuador ($370 million), consuming well over

16

three-fourths of the $2.2 billion in regional purchases. TheUnited States was the largest supplier of arms during thisperiod, providing 17% of the total, while nations of theMiddle East contributed an additional 17%.

North America, the fifth largest importing region,accounted for slightly under 4% of the worldwide market in1995. The United States, Canada, and Mexico each reducedtheir level of imports in 1995, and all three had moderateannual rates of decline over the latter half of the decade. TheUnited States dominated this market in 1995 and 1993-1995,accounting for 81% of imports in both cases. The UnitedKingdom was the top supplier of arms to North America, with$1.2 billion in sales, all going to the United States. TheUnited States ranked sixth in terms of worldwide armsimports in 1995.

Pakistan and India continued to dominate South Asiain terms of arms purchases in 1995, accounting for roughlyfour-fifths of regional imports. Both increased their importsfrom 1994, Pakistan from $297 million to $480 million andIndia from $236 million to $410 million, or by 62% and 74%,respectively. Over the decade and half-decade periods,India's imports declined at substantial rates, around 26%,while Pakistani purchases declined slightly by 3% a year overthe decade but rose over the latter half at a 9% rate. SriLankan imports continued to climb rapidly, rising to $160million in 1995 (at an annual rate of 60% since 1991).

China and Russia continued to be the primary suppliersof arms to South Asia, providing 32% and 28%, respectively,of the $2.7 billion in imports during 1993-1995. Most ofChina's sales went to Pakistan ($625 million), while most ofRussia's went to India ($675). France was also a big supplierduring this period with $430 million in sales, all going toPakistan. South Asia's leading arms importers were close inworld rank, Pakistan at 16th and India at 18th.

In the remaining regions, Australia increased its armspurchases considerably in 1995 from $410 million to $900million and accounted for 94% of Oceania's regional importsin both 1995 and the 1993-1995 period. Australia's importsgrew at an annual rate of 9% during 1991-1995 compared to a9% decline over the entire decade. The United States ($1.1billion) and Germany ($500 million) supplied Oceania withmost of its weapons, most going to Australia. Australiaranked seventh in worldwide arms imports.

In Central Asia, Kazakstan's $280 million accountedfor four-fifths of the region's 1995 arms imports. It also dom-inated the market over the 1993-1995 period, claiming $360million of the $535 million in total imports. Of all armsimported into Central Asia during 1993-1995, 83% camefrom Russia and an additional 13% came from other EasternEuropean countries.

Algeria ($395 million) and Morocco ($235 million)imported 85% of the total arms purchased by North Africa

during 1993-1995. Algerian arms imports have risen consec-utively since falling sharply to $5 million in 1992. Moroccocontinues to be a sporadic arms importer.

Angola ($1.1 billion) and Sudan ($260 million) led theSubsaharan Africa arms import market during 1993-1995 andcontinue to be sporadic arms importers. South Africa import-ed an additional $800 million in arms during the 1993-1995period and continues to be a stable importer of relatively largeamounts of arms into the region.

The combined imports of Cuba and El Salvador in theamount of $100 million each accounted for two-thirds of theCentral American and Caribbean arms market during 1993-1995, although Cuba imported zero arms in 1995 and ElSalvador's purchases have dropped steadily since 1992.Russia and the United States are the key suppliers to Cubaand El Salvador, respectively.

At the world level, totals for arms exports and armsimports are opposite sides of the coin and behave identically,with matching drops in volume and annual rates of decline.Thus, as with total imports, total exports were $32 billion in1995, an increase of $5.6 billion or 20% from the previousyear, after falling steeply by over 60% from their 1987 highpoint to the 1994 low. As with world imports, totals for thelatest years are likely to be revised upward in future editions.

17

Figure 12. World Arms Exports: 1985-1995

Arms Export Trends

The 1995 upturn can be credited mostly to the devel-oped country grouping, here considered as arms exportersrather than importers (and redefined in the WMEAT 1995 edi-tion; see Statistical Notes, Coverage. . .). Developed coun-tries' arms sales, 94% of the total, increased $5.2 billion in1995, up 21% from 1994. Developing countries exports, 6%of the world's, increased as well in 1995, but only by about$100 million, an increase of 5%. Arms exports by developedcountries were 55% less in 1995 than in 1985, while those ofdeveloping countries fell by 61%. Over the decade armsexports fell by an annual rate of 11% for developed countriesand 13% for developing, while over the latter half of the

decade the rates of decline were 5.5% and 6%, respectively(Table 5 and Figure 12).

Most of the significant arms exporting regionsincreased their exports in 1995 slightly to substantially—including North America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe,and the Middle East. Since their peaks in 1987-1989, theseregions' exports had fallen sharply to 1992, after which fluc-tuating but generally level trends set in. The exception wasEast Asia, whose arms export level continued its falling trendalmost every year, including 1995. Also uncharacteristic wasthe Middle East, whose level rose steadily from 1992 (Figure13). By 1995 the world share of other regions had declined,

18

Figure 13. Arms Exports by Region: 1985-1995

Table 5World Arms Exports: Shares and Growth(in percent)


Decade 2nd Half1985 1995 85-95 91-95


RegionNorth America 27.2 49.7 -3.3 -2.9Western Europe 25.7 30.3 -7.1 -5.2Eastern Europe 41.2 12.8 -26.4 -14.4Middle East 1.5 3.5 -4.7 10.8East Asia 2.8 2.6 -12.0 -18.9Central Asia & Cauc. — .2 — —Oceania .3 .2 -13.7 9.0South America .9 .2 -19.3 -2.2Central Amer. & Car. 0 .1 7.7 43.6South Asia .1 .1 -3.7 -21.4Subsaharan Africa 0 0 -12.2 6.7North Africa .2 0 -42.2 -57.5

Europe, all 66.9 43.1 -16.3 -8.1Africa, all .4 .3 -4.6 34.8

Organization / Reference GroupOECD 53.4 80.2 -5.0 -3.8OPEC .3 1.1 -.1 69.5NATO, all 51.6 78.7 -4.7 -3.2Warsaw Pact (fmr) 40.3 12.9 -26.1 -13.7NATO Europe 24.4 29.0 -6.7 -3.8Latin America 1.0 .4 -16.7 2.9CIS — 11.6 — —


particularly South America's and North Africa's, to .2% orless (Table 5).

The top five suppliers of arms in 1995—United States,United Kingdom, Russia, France and Germany—each soldover $1 billion in weaponry, the five combined totaling over$27 billion or 86% of the worldwide market. Weaponsexports by the US amounted to $15.6 billion, three times thatof the next largest supplier, the United Kingdom ($5.2 bil-lion). The next five largest arms exporters after the topfive—Israel, China, Sweden, Iran, and Canada—totaled $2.3billion in 1995, 7% of worldwide sales.

Less subject to annual fluctuations are the shares ofthe world arms export market in the 1993-1995 period heldby major exporters and groups (Figure 14). Besides US andUK preeminence and the diminished Russian share, the lowFrench and non-European shares are noteworthy. The figureis based on Main Table III, which also shows sales of majorsuppliers to recipient countries in that period.

The shifting annual world market shares of the majorexporters over the 1985-1995 decade are shown in Table 6,where it may be seen that US ascendancy coincided with thedecline of the Soviet Union/Russia. Notable also is thesteady growth of the UK share over the decade.

In 1995 there were a total of 50 nations (three fewerthan 1994's total) exporting arms to 98 recipients (one fewerthan in 1994; see Country Rankings section). Of all devel-oped nations, only six—Austria, Finland, Greece, Iceland,Ireland, and Luxembourg—had zero arms exports. Of the tenlargest arms suppliers in 1995, China ($625 million) and Iran($290 million) were the only developing nations. The nextlargest developing arms exporters were Eastern Europeancountries Belarus ($170 million), the Ukraine ($160 million),and Bulgaria ($150 million), ranking 12th, 13th, and 14th,respectively, in the world in 1995. There were 19 otherdeveloping arms exporters in 1995, all selling less than $70million in weapons.

United States

The United States dominates the arms export marketwith nearly half of the world total. US sales increased 28%from $12.2 billion in 1994 to $15.6 billion in 1995. Over thedecade, US sales took a slow 3% annual decline and an evenslower 2% decline over the last five years. The US share ofNorth American sales, which has historically been 95%, roseto 98% in 1995. Canada, a relatively small exporter com-pared to the US, nevertheless was the 10th largest in 1995with $280 million.

During 1993-1995, the United States exported equalamounts of arms to developed and developing countries, $21billion each. It exported $12.4 billion to OPEC countries andanother $9 billion to NATO countries. The US's largestrecipient region was the Middle East, followed by WesternEurope and East Asia. US arms exports by region in 1993-1995 are shown below (in millions of current dollars):

19

Table 6Share of World Arms Exports: 1985-1995 (in percent)

SU OtherUS Russ. UK Fran. Germ. NATO China Isr. Other

1985 26 32 3 13 3 7 1 1 141986 22 40 7 8 3 5 2 1 121987 27 37 8 5 2 5 3 1 121988 23 37 8 3 3 6 5 1 141989 29 35 9 4 2 3 5 2 111990 30 31 10 11 3 4 4 1 6 1991 40 17 14 6 7 4 4 2 61992 45 9 16 6 3 7 4 2 81993 49 10 15 4 5 4 4 2 71994 46 6 19 6 5 5 3 3 71995 49 10 16 7 4 3 2 2 7

Figure 14. World Arms Exports Shares:1993-1995

Middle East $18,415 43%Western Europe 8,885 21East Asia 8,130 19Oceania 1,140 3North America 490 1Africa, All 370 1 South America 370 1

All Others 4,975 11

US weapons exports to the Middle East in 1993-1995went primarily to four major recipients—Saudi Arabia ($10billion), Egypt ($4 billion), Israel ($1.7 billion), and Kuwait($1.6 billion), which made up 95% of US sales to the MiddleEast and 41% of total US sales. Western Europe's leadingrecipients were Turkey ($2.3 billion), Spain ($1.3 billion),Greece ($1.2 billion), and Germany ($1 billion), accountingfor a combined 65% of US arms to the region and 14% oftotal US sales. East Asia's leaders—Taiwan ($3.2 billion),Japan ($1.9 billion), South Korea ($1.4 billion), and Thailand($1.1 billion)—took 93% of US sales to the region and 18%of total US exports.

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Table 7US Share of Recipient Regions' Arms Imports:1993-1995 (in percent)

Deliveries Agreements

World 48 54Developed 60 73Developing 40 40

Africa 11 11

North America (NAFTA) 11 13South America 17 15Central America 59 —

Central Asia & Caucasus — —East Asia 51 58Middle East 50 58South Asia 4 2

Western Europe 67 71Eastern Europe 1 —

Oceania 52 82

Figure 15. Leading Arms Exporters and Their Major Recipients: 1993-1995

Oceania imported $1.1 billion in arms from the UnitedStates during 1993-1995, almost all going to Australia.Central America purchased $180 million in arms from theUS, with over half of this amount going to El Salvador. Theremaining regions—Africa ($370 million), South America($370 million), South Asia ($115 million), and EasternEurope ($30 million)—purchased relatively smaller amountsof arms from the US.

Shown in Table 7 is the US share of total regionalarms imports, also cumulative for 1993-1995, by deliveriesand agreements (Main Table III and Main Table IV). TheUS continues to account for high shares of agreements withdeveloped countries and particular regions, notably Oceania,Western Europe, East Asia, and the Middle East.

Western Europe

Western Europe was the second largest arms exportingregion in 1995 with $9.4 billion in sales or 30% of the worldtotal, almost five percentage points higher than in 1985. Thiswas the second consecutive year of small rises since regional

exports reached a decade low of slightly under $9 billion in1993. Compared to the United States, Western Europeanarms sales declined at slightly faster rates over the decade(7%) and over the half decade (5%). Western Europe's leadover the Eastern half continued to grow, with 70% ofEuropean arms exports in 1995 compared to 61% in 1991,45% in 1990, and 38% in 1985.

The three major Western European arms exporters—the United Kingdom, France, and Germany—dominated theregion in 1995 with a combined 89% of Western Europeansales and 30% of world sales. Over the period 1993-1995,these three totaled $24 billion, 27% of the world total. Interms of the distribution of exports to developed and develop-ing countries, the United Kingdom had the largest share of itscumulative 1993-1995 sales going to developing countries,primarily OPEC members:

Total sales To Dvlpng To OPEC(billions) (%) (%)

United Kingdom $15.0 87 73France 4.8 66 41Germany 4.3 12 5

21

Figure 16. Leading Arms Exporters by Country and Year: 1985-1995

These countries also differed in the percentage of theirtotal arms exports going to other NATO members (UK, 9;France, 22; Germany, 24) and to other Western Europeancountries (UK, 14; France, 10; Germany, 13).

The United Kingdom's weapons exports of $5.2 bil-lion in 1995 ranked second in the world and made up 54% ofWestern European sales and 16% of world sales. The UK isthe only major supplier with a growing trend in sales over thedecade (3% annually) and has been virtually level over thelast half-decade. During 1993-1995, the United Kingdomexported $11.4 billion (77%) of its arms to the Middle East,with 90% of this amount going to Saudi Arabia. Omanimported $725 million in arms from the United Kingdomduring this same period. East Asia was the UnitedKingdom's second largest recipient region with almost $1.7billion in purchases (11% of total), followed by NorthAmerica, with $1.2 billion (8%), all by the United States.

France exported $2.2 billion in weapons in 1995, anincrease of $662 million from 1994 and the second consecu-tive rise since reaching a decade low of $1.1 billion in 1993.France ranked fourth in the world in 1995 and accounted for23% of Western European and 7% of world exports. Overthe decade, France's arms sales declined at an annual rate of14%, but more slowly (3%) during the latter half. During1993-1995, the French exported $2 billion (42%) of theirarms to the Middle East, with Saudi Arabia, also a keyFrench recipient, consuming 70% of sales to the region and29% of total sales. Arms exports amounting to well over $1billion to others within Western Europe made that region thesecond largest recipient, consuming 23% of the French total.

North America purchased $430 million from France during1993-1995, while Africa purchased $360 million, with $130million going to South Africa.

Germany's $1.2 billion in exports in 1995 was $235million less than in 1994 and marked a second consecutivefall. German sales in 1995 were 55% lower than in 1991, thedecade's peak year. Germany ranked fifth in the world in1995 and accounted for 12% of total Western European and4% of world sales. Over the decade, German arms salesdeclined at a 4% annual rate and at a more rapid 12% duringthe latter half. During 1993-1995, Germany exported 38%($1.6 billion) of its arms to East Asia (mostly South Korea),27% ($1.1 billion) to others in Western Europe, and 11%($500 million) to Oceania (all going to Australia).

Other notable Western European arms exporters in1995 include Sweden, ranked 8th in the world with $310 mil-lion; Netherlands, 11th with $230 million; and Italy andBelgium, 15th and 16th with $150 million and $130 millionrespectively. Only the Netherlands, Turkey, and Spainshowed growth during the latter half of the decade.

Russia

Russian arms exports in 1995, at $3.3 billion, showedlittle sign of revival from the extreme lows of $2.5 billion in1992 and $1.5 billion in 1994, following the Soviet collapse.Nevertheless, in the diminished post-Soviet market, Russiaranked third in arms deliveries in 1995, after the US and theUK, with 10% of world exports and 81% of EasternEuropean exports. Russia's arms agreements, however, showa continuous rise to the $9 billion level in 1995 from a low ofunder $2 billion in 1992 and indicate probable future increas-es in exports (Main Table IV).

Over the 1993-1995 period, Russia's nearly $8 billionin cumulative exports were distributed to regional importersas follows (in millions of current dollars; Main Table III):

East Asia $2,235 28%Middle East 1,715 22Eastern Europe 1,315 16Africa, All 795 10South Asia 740 9Central Asia 445 6Western Europe 385 5

All Others 295 4

World 7,925 100

These data show that Russia's arms exports were fairly wide-spread among regions, more so than other suppliers', andwith several key recipients in most regions.

Table 8European Arms Export Shares (in percent)

1985 1991 1993 1994 1995

Share of World Arms Exports

Europe, all 67 50 39 44 43Eastern Europe 41 19 11 8 13Western Europe 26 31 28 35 30

Share of Western Europe Arms Exports

France 52 19 13 16 23Germany 10 22 20 15 12United Kingdom 12 45 54 55 54

Other NATO Europe 21 6 11 10 7

Share of Eastern Europe Arms Exports

USSR/Russia 77 90 88 69 80

22

The main recipients in these Russian regional mar-kets in 1993-1995 were as follows (in millions):

East Asia: Africa:China $1,200 Angola $525Malaysia 550 Algeria 260Vietnam 290North Korea 170 South Asia:

India 675Middle East:

Iran 1,000 Central Asia:U.A.R. 280 Kazakstan 360Kuwait 240Syria 120 Western Europe:

Turkey 350Eastern Europe:

Hungary 825Slovakia 470

Future deliveries are likely to follow the rise in agreements in1995 cited above, which were mainly in East Asia andCentral Asia and Caucasus.

Arms Suppliers and Developing Country Imports

Major shifts have taken place in the suppliers of armsto the developing countries as a group. Table 9 shows thatthe major suppliers have differed considerably in the typicalshare of their exports going to developing countries, andchanges in this pattern have occurred over the decade. In thecase of Russia or the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom,France, and China, the predominant share of their armsexports—from three-quarters to nearly 100 percent—havegone to developing countries. For the UK, the share hasincreased over the decade, while for France, it decreased. Inthe case of the United States and Israel, this share has aver-aged just under half for the decade as a whole, although it

reached that mark in 1995. Germany and Canada on averagehave been considerably less oriented toward the developingcountries and, along with other Western European suppliers,have become less so over the decade.

The share of each of these major suppliers in the totalarms imports of developing countries as a group, shown inTable 10, has also shifted over the decade, with the UnitedStates replacing the Soviet Union/Russia as the largest sup-plier, the United Kingdom rising to second place, and Francedropping from second to fourth.

Developing Country Exporters

Developing countries exported roughly $1.9 billion inarms in 1995, up by $1 billion from 1994 and marking an endto consecutive reductions in total sales since peaking atroughly $8.3 billion in 1988. The group’s share of worldexports in 1995 was 6%. Over the decade, developing coun-try arms exports dropped annually by an average 13%, butthe rate of decline was considerably slower during the latterhalf, 6%. Only a handful of countries play significant rolesin exporting weapons as indicated by 1995 totals. China isby far the most important supplier, with $625 million in salesin 1995, followed by Iran, with $290 million, and EasternEuropean nations Belarus ($170 million), Ukraine ($160 mil-lion), and Bulgaria ($150 million). All other developingarms exporters sold less than $100 million in 1995.

China's total arms exports in 1995 fell by $118 mil-lion, marking its seventh consecutive drop since peaking atover $3.7 billion in 1988. Over the decade, Chinese armsexports fell annually by 9%, and at a much faster 20% dur-ing 1991-1995. China was the world’s seventh leading armsexporter in 1995, down three places from the 1994 ranking.China exported some $2.5 billion in weaponry during 1993-

Table 10Major Suppliers’ Share of Developing CountryArms Imports (in percent)

SU OtherUS Russ. UK Fra. Ger. W.Eur. China Isr.

1985 15 38 3 18 2 8 2 11986 14 47 7 10 2 5 3 11987 15 47 9 5 2 5 4 11988 11 49 9 3 2 5 7 11989 13 49 12 4 1 3 8 11990 16 43 11 14 1 3 6 11991 28 28 17 7 5 2 6 11992 37 14 22 4 1 5 6 11993 44 12 21 3 1 2 6 11994 34 9 30 6 1 3 4 21995 41 13 22 7 1 2 3 2

1985-95 21 37 12 8 2 4 5 1

Table 9Share of Major Suppliers’ Arms Exports Goingto Developing Countries (in percent)

SU OtherUS Russ. UK Fra. Ger. W.Eur. China Isr.

1985 42 87 69 94 57 86 100 571986 47 85 76 86 50 47 100 571987 39 89 82 79 62 62 100 441988 33 91 75 55 50 59 100 431989 30 90 82 62 31 63 100 361990 37 94 83 88 18 47 100 331991 42 98 78 76 46 31 100 291992 50 100 85 44 20 45 91 331993 49 68 78 45 12 25 91 331994 44 93 92 67 7 42 100 431995 56 89 93 73 17 36 100 50

1985-95 42 89 82 78 35 58 98 43

23

1995, about 3% of total world sales. Of these sales, 93%went to developing countries and a considerable amount($590 million or 25% of China's total sales to developingcountries) went to OPEC countries. China's main recipientsduring 1993-1995 were Pakistan ($625 million), Iran ($490million), Burma ($310 million), and Sri Lanka ($210 mil-lion), the four combined accounting for two-thirds of China’stotal arms sales.

Eastern European countries can be credited with muchof the developing country group's billion dollar rise in 1995.Belarus exports amounted to $170 million in 1995 (from zerosales during the first three years of its existence), Bulgaria'stotal arms sales rose by $88 million, and the Ukraine's roseby $68 million. Iran also experienced a sizable increase inarms sales in 1995, from $82 million in 1994 to $210 millionin 1995. In terms of world ranking, these nations ranked12th, 14th, 13th, and 9th, respectively.

Another measure of the arms trade besides the totaldollar value of all arms exports is the number of units ofmajor weapons transferred. This indicator continues to showa similar picture of a major downturn over the decade interms of the overall total, although exports of numerousweapon types increased during 1993-1995 compared to1990-1992. The number of weapons by major type deliveredto all countries of the world over the last four three-year peri-ods are as follows (in units; Main Table V):

Such broad quantity measures, of course, can obscure thelarge variability in size, complexity, and military effective-ness that is possible within a single combination of weapon-type, supplier, and year, as well as across these three dimen-sions. Nonetheless, the quantity of transfers by weapon typecan be a useful indication of the flow of arms.

The decline in major weapons deliveries mirrors thatof the overall pattern of decline for worldwide deliveries,with a 69% decline in gross numbers recorded across the fourperiods recorded and a 35% decline over the latter two peri-ods. Delivery totals by type did show growth for some majorweapon types during the last period. Deliveries of armoredpersonnel carriers increased from 4,900 units in 1990-1992 to7,282 in 1993-1995; major surface combatants, from 19 to54; submarines, from 4 to 17; subsonic combat aircraft, from168 to 227; helicopters, from 645 to 714; and surface-to-airmissiles, from 7,953 to 8,030.

The Soviet Union/Russia supplied the largest numberof weapons over the entire 12-year period, providing 33% ofall major weapons sold (Table 11). France had the secondlargest share with 25%, followed by the United States with9%, China with 5%, and Germany and the United Kingdom,each with 3%. Soviet dominance was as high as 38% from1984-1989, but fell behind France (32%) after 1990. During1993-1995, France's share of total major weapons transferredfell to 22%, Russia and the United States each had a 19%share, Germany, 12%, China, 4%, and the United Kingdom,3%. These shares across the six major suppliers representdrops from the previous period for France, China, and Russiaand increases for Germany, the United States, and the UnitedKingdom.

Soviet/Russian transfer quantities predominated innumerous weapon types during 1984-1995, including tanks(42% of the world total number), armored personnel carriers(38%), missile attack boats (41%), supersonic aircraft (38%),helicopters (36%), surface-to-air missiles (42%), and surface-to-surface missiles (81%). The United States led the marketin terms of subsonic aircraft sold during this period (35%)and anti-ship missiles (25%), France led in artillery (57%),Germany, in major surface combatants (27%) and missileattack boats (39%), and China, in submarine sales (55%).

Regional Recipients

The number of all types of major weapons deliveredto each region over the last four three-year periods are as fol-lows:

1984-86 '87-89 '90-92 '93-95

Middle East 24,302 16,192 15,721 5,214Western Europe 12,213 24,459 6,041 7,533South Asia 5,553 13,056 7,392 2,004

1984-86 '87-89 '90-92 '93-95

Land Armament

Tanks 6,589 5,398 3,960 2,513Artil., Field and Anti-Air 14,422 25,133 13,956 2,425Armored Pers. Carriers 15,529 9,325 4,900 7,282

Naval Craft

Major Surface Combatants 58 41 19 54Other Surface Combatants 328 271 175 149Submarines 22 8 4 17Missile Attack Boats 20 24 13 10

Aircraft

Combat Aircraft, Supers. 1,602 1,441 1,163 692Combat Aircraft, Subsonic 288 260 168 227Other Aircraft 2,412 1,936 1,818 600Helicopters 1,657 1,240 645 714

Missiles

Surface-to-Air 29,206 22,067 7,953 8,030Surface-to-Surface 950 2,190 680 30Anti-Ship 1,724 1,592 713 572

Total, all types 74,807 70,926 36,167 23,315

24

Number of Weapons Delivered

25

Table 11Suppliers of Major Weapons to the World: 1984-1995

Total Sov.Un. Other United United France Germany Other China Other OtherWarsaw States K'dom NATO Dev'ed Dev'ing

Major Weapon Type Russia Pact

In Units In Percent (Total=100)

LAND ARMAMENT

Tanks 18,460 42 13 16 1 3 8 1 10 — 6Artil., Field and Anti-Air 55,936 15 2 4 — 57 2 3 9 4 4Armored Pers. Carriers 37,036 38 23 10 1 4 6 8 4 1 5

NAVAL CRAFT

Major Surface Combatants 172 19 13 2 17 4 27 6 6 6 —Other Surface Combatants 923 19 1 5 6 9 9 9 6 17 19Submarines 51 8 — — — 2 27 — 55 8 —Missile Attack Boats 67 41 — — 2 — 39 15 3 — 2

AIRCRAFT

Combat Aircraft, Supers. 4,898 38 — 28 2 5 5 4 8 3 7Combat Aircraft, Subsonic 943 26 — 35 24 2 5 3 1 1 3Other Aircraft 6,766 9 38 5 2 2 2 8 2 22 10Helicopters 4,256 36 16 15 2 17 4 5 — 1 4

MISSILES

Surface-to-Air 67,256 42 10 7 5 23 1 1 2 6 3Surface-to-Surface 3,850 81 — — — — — — 7 — 12Anti-Ship 4,601 23 — 25 4 25 — — 13 9 1

(Total, all types) (205,215) (33) (11) (9) (3) (25) (3) (3) (5) (4) (4)

TOTALS BY PERIOD

1984-86 74,807 38 19 7 3 16 1 3 5 4 4

1987-89 70,926 37 7 7 2 33 1 1 4 3 5

1990-92 36,167 22 4 12 1 32 5 3 9 6 6

1993-95 23,315 19 7 19 3 22 12 9 4 2 3

Eastern Europe 13,273 4,740 507 333Subsaharan Africa 7,414 4,418 2,164 1,056East Asia 4,781 3,534 2,685 2,845North Africa 4,292 1,354 318 488Central America 1,758 2,263 404 289South America 820 591 795 2,182North America 103 233 116 593Central Asia — — — 630Oceania — 140 54 128

The Middle East received the largest number of majorweapons over the entire 12-year period, with 61,429 or 31%of the total (Main Table V). Of these weapons, roughly 59%were land armaments, 36% were missiles, 5% were aircraftand 1% were naval craft. France supplied 26% of all major

arms supplied to the Middle East during the decade, followedby the Soviet Union/Russia with 24%, the United States with11%, and China with 10%. During 1993-1995 the MiddleEast fell behind Western Europe as the leading importer ofmajor weapons, with some 2,319 fewer total weapons deliv-ered, a 22% share. Additionally, the distribution of suppliersto the Middle East continues to shift, with the United Statesduring 1993-1995 providing over half of total deliveries,Russia providing 14%, and the United Kingdom providing8%.

Western Europe imported 50,246 major weapons intothe region over the entire decade, a close second to theMiddle East, and led the world with 7,533 major weaponspurchased during the last three-year period, 24% and 32% of

total sales, respectively. Overall, internal trade amongFrance (with 60% of the total market), Germany (11%), andthe United Kingdom (4%) accounted for three-fourths of themarket. The United States provided 8% of the total majorweapons delivered into the regions, and the SovietUnion/Russia provided 3%. The latest period of the decadeclosely mirrors the overall period in the breakdown of suppli-ers, but with France (38%) and Germany (36%) having near-ly equal internal shares of the market. Of the total majorweapons delivered into Western Europe, 57% were landarmament weapons, 37% were missiles, and 6% were air-craft. In the last three-year period, Western Europe shiftedslightly from land armaments (52%) to missiles (41%).

South Asia imported 28,005 major weapons duringthe entire decade and 2,004 during the 1993-1995 period,15% and 9% of the total market, respectively. During the1984-1995 period, the region received 82% of its majorweapons from the Soviet Union/Russia, but during 1993-1995 South Asian imports came primarily from France(40%), due largely to the sale of surface-to-air missiles. Ofthe total major weapons delivered into South Asia during1984-1995, 57% were land armament weapons, 35% weremissiles, and 6% were aircraft.

Africa as a whole imported 21,504 major weaponsduring the decade, 70% of these going into the Subsaharanregion. Total African imports have fallen dramatically over

the decade, a continuance of a trend started prior to thebreakup of the Soviet Union, despite a slight increase inNorth African imports during 1993-1995. There were 1,544weapons delivered to Africa during 1993-1995, 7% of totalworld deliveries. Of these, 59% were land armamentweapons, 32% were missiles, and 8% were aircraft.

East Asia imported 13,845 major weapons during theentire decade and 2,845 during the 1993-1995 period, 7%and 12% of the total market, respectively. During thedecade, the region depended primarily on the United States(30% share of the market), Russia (24%), France (12%),China (10%), and the United Kingdom (9%) for its weapons.Of the total major weapons delivered into South Asia, 51%were missiles, 34% were land armament weapons, and 13%were aircraft.

The remaining regions—North, South, and CentralAmerica, Central Asia, and Oceania—imported many fewerweapons. Their combined total of 11,099 major weaponsimports during 1984-1995 was 5% of the world total.However, the region's 3,822 major weapons delivered during1993-1995 accounted for a much higher 16%. This shift canbe credited mostly to South America's purchase of 1,580 sur-face-to-air missiles, 41% of total deliveries.

26

27

Figure 17. Number of Arms Delivered by Supplier and Recipient Region

The discussion above and the main content of the sta-tistical tables that begin on page 49 are devoted to the basicmilitary indicators that are the subject of this report, namely,military expenditures, arms transfers, and armed forces. Inorder to give perspective to those military indicators, severalbasic economic indicators for each country are also presentedin the tables, including population, gross national product(GNP), central government expenditures (CGE), and total

trade. These make it possible to place the military measuresin socio-economic context, both within one country andamong other countries. Figure 18 presents 10 such relativeindicators for 1995, averaged for major groupings of coun-tries and regions, in a way that permits their comparison bothacross the world for a single indicator and across a givengroup for all the indicators. In the Country Rankings tablesbelow, countries are ranked in terms of these relative indica-

28

Military Burden and Other Relative Indicators

Figure 18. Relative Indicators: 1995

29

Average Relative Indicators

The ten average ratios for the world, regions, andother country groupings in Figure 18 are based on data forbasic military and economic variables by country in MainStatisitcal Tables I and II, below. In the Country Rankingstables, all countries are ranked in 1995 for these relativeindicators as well as for the main absolute measures.

The average indicators in Figure 18 are calculatedas the ratio of the group total of the numerator variable tothe group total of the denominator variable. Such a ratio isequivalent to the weighted average of individual country

ratios, with the denominator variable serving as the weight-ing factor. Such an average ratio can differ considerablyfrom a simple average of individual country ratios, particu-larly when a very large country (e.g., China, Russia, US) isin the group. Also, when the denominator is a value mea-sure such as GNP, the relative weights of the countries canshift from edition to edition of this report due to the changein the basic year for currency conversion and changes inrelative average exchange rates that occur from year toyear. See Statistical Notes, Conversion . . . to dollars, forfuther discussion of the impacts of changes in exchangerates.

tors as well as the main military measures.

One such relative indicator, the force ratio, or theratio of armed forces to population, has been discussedabove in the Armed Forces section of these highlights andalso appears in the first column of Figure 18. Selected otherindicators are treated briefly below, including the main "bur-den" ratio, military expenditures-to-GNP; military expendi-tures-to-CGE; military expenditures per capita; militaryexpenditures per member of the armed forces; and two arms-to-total trade ratios.

The ME/GNP Ratio

One of the most commonly used measures of the"military burden" is the ratio of militay expenditures toGNP, ME/GNP (column 2 of Figure 18). The averageME/GNP burden ratio for the world fell to 2.8% in 1995,continuing a trend of consecutive reductions since 1986.The 1995 ratio fell to just over half of that recorded at thebeginning of the decade and is the same ratio for both devel-oped and developing countries as well as the world (Table11 and Main Table I). Both the world and the developedcountry ratios dropped from 3% in 1994. These two ratiosare historically close to each other or identical since thisratio is weighted by GNP. The developing country ME/GNPratio, on the other hand, had been higher than the developedat the beginning of the decade, then dropped faster until arise in 1990 under Middle East influence, then again droppedfaster until 1994-1995, when it stayed at the same 2.8%level.

Overall, the ME/GNP ratio declined in all regionsover the decade. The largest drops were posted in theMiddle East, with almost 9 percentage points less in 1995than in 1985, Eastern Europe, 5 points less, and NorthAfrica, 4.

The Middle East had the highest ratio, 7.9%, of anyregion in 1995; it and Eastern Europe were the only regionsof the world to record ME/GNP ratios over 5%. The MiddleEast has shown steady annual declines from the very highratios in the high-to-mid teens recorded at the beginning ofthe decade and during the 1990-1992 Gulf War bulge. The1995 ratio was nearly 10 percentage points less than thedecade high of 17.4% recorded in 1986.

Four Middle East countries—Oman (17%), SaudiArabia (14%), Kuwait (12%), and Israel (10%)—had ratiosof 10% or higher in 1995 despite sizable previous declines.Kuwait and Saudi Arabia peaked in 1991 and dropped as aresult of the post-Gulf War reductions in spending. Israeland Oman, on the other hand, reduced over the entiredecade. Israel's peak was in 1985 at over 20%, whileOman's was in 1986 at 27%.

Of the remaining countries, all except Jordan (8%)and Syria (7%) had ratios of 6% or lower. Iran’s ratio of2.6% in 1995, though roughly estimated, comes after a con-tinuous decline from the high ratios of the early years of thedecade and is 8 percentage points lower than in 1986, thepeak year.

Six of the eleven countries in the world with estimat-ed ME/GNP ratios of 10% or over were in the Middle East,including the four mentioned above plus Iraq and Yemen,whose absolute values are only roughly estimated. Bosniaand Herzegovina (NA), North Korea (29%), Serbia andMontenegro (NA), Russia (11%—although see discussionbelow), and Croatia (10%) are the remaining countries withratios reaching this level.

Estimates of the burden ratio for most of the formerWarsaw Pact countries and successors states after the col-lapse of the Soviet Union continue to be very rough andhighly tentative; they should be treated with extra caution.Estimates reported here are often derived from a variety ofsources that may not be consistent either within or among

30

Table 11The Burden Ratios: ME/GNP(in percent)

1985 1991 1993 1995

World 5.2 3.9 3.3 2.8Developed 5.2 3.8 3.3 2.8Developing 5.5 4.3 3.0 2.8

RegionMiddle East 16.6 17.0 8.9 7.9Eastern Europe 11.9 9.1 9.1 6.7North Africa 7.7 4.1 3.9 4.1North America 5.7 4.4 4.2 3.6South Asia 3.8 3.3 3.3 3.0Central Asia & Cauc. — — 1.8 2.3Oceania 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.3Western Europe 3.3 2.8 2.6 2.3East Asia 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.8South America 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.8Subsaharan Africa 2.9 2.4 2.5 1.7Central Amer. & Car. 3.5 2.4 1.7 1.3

Europe, all 6.3 4.6 3.7 2.9Africa, all 4.5 3.2 3.0 2.5

Organization / Reference GroupOECD 3.7 2.9 2.8 2.5OPEC 11.0 11.8 5.4 4.6NATO, all 4.7 3.7 3.5 3.0Warsaw Pact (fmr) 12.2 9.3 8.4 6.2NATO Europe 3.5 2.9 2.7 2.4Latin America 1.9 1.5 1.5 1.7CIS — — 11.0 8.4

themselves as to relationships among variables or over time.In particular, the nominal ME/GNP burden ratios shown herefor Russia in 1992-1995 are probably somewhat high; othersources estimate the ratio for Russia to be in a range wellunder 10%. Consequently, the burden ratio for those countrygroupings in which Russia has a large weight, such asEastern Europe and the former Warsaw Pact, may also beoverstated. The North Korean military expenditures estimateis also highly tentative.

The decline of North Africa's burden ratio by almostfour percentage points over the decade can be credited main-ly to Libya, whose ratio has fallen from 13% in 1989 to 6%in 1995.

The burden ratios of North America and WesternEurope each have undergone modest decline over thedecade, by two and one percentage points, respectively.

The ratio for NATO as a whole declined over thedecade by almost two percentage points, from a high ofalmost 5% in 1985 to 3% in 1995. Greece (5.5%), theUnited States (4%), and Turkey (4%) had the highest ratiosof all NATO countries, the remaining countries recordingratios of 3% or less.

Figure 19 below cross-classifies all countries in 1995according to both burden ratio and income level, as measuredby GNP per capita. The widespread scatter of countries

31

* Countries are listed within blocks in descending order of ME/GNP.+ Ranking is based on a rough approximation of one or more variables, for which 1995 data or a reliable estimate is not available.

Figure 19. Relative Burden of Military Expenditures: 1995

ME/GNP*(%)

10%and over

5-9.99%

2-4.99%

1-1.99%

Under 1%

Sierre LeoneMozambique

BurundiChadEthiopia

TanzaniaMalawi

Bhutan+ZaireSomalia

PakistanSudan+Rwanda

GambiaLaosMauritaniaCambodiaBurkina FasoHaitiGuinea-BissauZambiaVietnamCentral African Rep.IndiaMongoliaUgandaKenyaTogoNicaragua

MaliBangladeshEquatorial GuineaGuineaGhanaBeninNiger

NepalMadagascarSao Tome & Princ.+

Serbia & Montenegro+

JordanBotswana

DjiboutiMoroccoTurkeyBurmaUzbekistanEcuadorAlgeriaUkraineAzerbaijanIranSwazilandColombiaThailandGeorgiaChinaMoldovaNamibia

TunisiaFijiPeruTurkmenistanBelizeCubaPhilippinesPapua New GuineaParaguayPanamaDominican RepublicGuatemalaAlbaniaEl Salvador

Kyrgystan+MexicoKazakstanArmeniaJamaicaCosta Rica

OmanSaudi ArabiaRussiaCroatia

SyriaLibyaGreeceBahrain

ChileLebanonSouth KoreaMalaysiaSlovakiaSurinameBulgariaGabonRomaniaUruguayCzech RepublicPolandSouth Africa

ArgentinaTrinidad & TobagoBrazilHungaryVenezuelaMaltaEstonia

LatviaBarbadosBelarusLithuaniaMauritius

Kuwait

IsraelBruneiCyprus

TaiwanUnited Arab Emir.SingaporeQatarUnited StatesFranceUnited KingdomSwedenNorwayPortugalAustraliaNetherlands

FinlandGermanyDenmarkItalyCanadaBelgiumSwitzerlandSpainSloveniaNew ZealandIreland

JapanAustriaLuxembourgIceland

Bosnia & Herzegov.+North KoreaIraq+

Egypt

Sri LankaZimbabweTajikistanAfghanistan+MacedoniaAngolaLiberiaCongoBolivia

Cameroon+LesothoIndonesiaSenegalHondurasGuyanaIvory CoastCape Verde

Nigeria+Yemen+

GNP PER CAPITA (1995 DOLLARS)

Under $200 $200-499 $500-999 $1,000-2,999 $3,000-9,999 $10,000and over

throughout the entire matrix suggests that relative incomelevel or stage of development is not a critical determinant ofthe burden ratio. Involvement in civil or external war, mili-tary threats by neighbors, or overemphasis on military powerare probably more relevant determinants, along with the fun-damental influence of the absolute income (or GNP) level.

The series of annual matrices of this kind contained insuccessive editions of this report have reflected the generaltendency of burden ratios to decline in recent years, in thatthe most dense cells in the matrix have moved downward.However, that tendency does not appear in a comparison ofthe matrix for 1995 shown here with the matrix for 1994 pub-lished in WMEAT 1995. In fact, the present matrix for 1995has some upward movement. (The contrast between thedecline in the world average burden ratio and the upwardshift of countries in this figure probably reflects the upturn inthe burden ratio of developing countries cited above, as wellas the distinction between weighted and simple average ratiosnoted in the box, above. The burden ratio is weighted byGNP while the country locations in Figure 19 are unweight-ed).

The ME/CGE Ratio

The percentage of central government expenditures spenton defense (ME/CGE) is another useful measure of militaryeffort. It complements the ME/GNP ratio and can show a dif-fering comparative burden level from the latter, since ratiosof CGE to GNP vary considerably (see Figure 18, last col-umn). Thus, for example, ratios for ME/CGE in 1995 rangedfrom almost 24% in the Middle East to just over 5% inCentral America (Figure 18, column three and Table 12).

The world average share of central government expen-ditures spent on the military was 10% in 1995, also the low-est level of the decade for this ratio. This drop occurred inthe developed countries, whose ME/CGE ratio fell slightly tojust over 9%. This continues a decade-long downward trendfrom ratios of the early years of the decade as high as 18%.The ME/CGE ratio for developing countries, on the otherhand, fell to a low of under 12% in 1993 but has turned backup to 13% in 1995.

Four regions—Middle East (24%), North America(16%), South Asia (15%), and North Africa (11%)—hadratios of 10% or higher in 1995. Ratios of the remainingregions ranged from 9% to 5%.

Over the decade, ratios fell for all regions of the worldexcept South America and Central Asia, which had smallincreases between 1993 and 1995. The largest decline inME/CGE was recorded by Eastern Europe, 22 percentagepoints. The change over the decade in the Middle Easternratio was also high (9 percentage points), as was North Africa

(just under 9 points), and North America (slightly over 7). Inthe Middle East, the 1991 Gulf War high-point reached theastounding (weighted) average of 51%, and for some coun-tries (Kuwait, United Arab Emirates), the ratio soared wellabove 100% (due to external war-cost repayments).

The countries with the five highest ME/CGE ratios,Bosnia and Herzegovina, Yemen, Russia, Mozambique, andSerbia and Montenegro—all listed as "not available" in MainTable I—are based on very rough estimates of the absolutevalues.

ME per Capita

The military expenditures per capita ratio, anothercomplementary measure of military burden or effort, alsoshows a wide gap between developed and developing coun-tries (Figure 18, column four). The gap amounted to $536 in1995 when the measure averaged $580 for developed and

32

Table 12The Burden Ratios: ME/CGE(in percent)

1985 1991 1993 1995

World 18.1 14.1 10.9 9.9Developed 17.9 13.2 10.8 9.2Developing 19.0 19.7 11.7 13.0

RegionMiddle East 32.4 51.0 25.4 23.6North America 23.6 18.3 18.6 16.3South Asia 17.3 15.5 15.6 15.0North Africa 19.5 12.6 10.3 11.0East Asia 12.5 8.9 8.7 8.6Oceania 8.2 8.2 8.5 7.7Subsaharan Africa 12.5 9.4 7.8 7.5Eastern Europe 42.5 9.1 9.1 6.7Central Asia & Cauc. — — 5.2 6.7South America 6.1 8.2 6.1 6.4Western Europe 8.2 7.0 6.0 5.5Central Amer. & Car. 10.8 9.4 7.1 5.3

Europe, all 17.7 13.2 8.5 7.3Africa, all 14.7 10.9 8.9 8.4

Organization / Reference GroupOECD 12.5 9.8 9.0 8.0OPEC 28.2 43.4 18.4 17.1NATO, all 14.4 11.5 10.6 9.4Warsaw Pact (fmr) 42.5 37.7 21.0 20.3NATO Europe 8.4 7.3 6.1 5.6Latin America 5.9 7.6 5.9 6.2CIS — — 26.1 31.1

$44 for developing countries. This gap has narrowed steadi-ly over the decade, with the ratio falling faster for developedcountries. The world average in 1995 was $152 per capita.

In 1995, North America led the world’s regions interms of this ratio with $750, followed at a distance byWestern Europe ($449) and Oceania ($348). The lowestratios were recorded by Subsaharan Africa ($7), South Asia($11), and Central America ($20).

The four top countries with military expenditures percapita of over $1,000 in 1995 were Kuwait ($1,919), Israel($1,646), Singapore ($1,191) and the United States ($1,056).In stark contrast, 38 countries in 1995 spent under $10 (andas little as $2) per capita on their military establishments,including Subsaharan African countries but also such signifi-cant military powers as India and Vietnam (CountryRankings).

ME/AF Ratio

Military expenditures per member of the armed forces(ME/AF) is a different kind of relative indicator. Rather thanburden, it measures the level of armament and military effortper soldier (to the extent that the dollar values of militaryexpenditures, usually exchange-rate-converted, succeed inmeasuring that effort accurately).

In terms of this indicator, developed countries in 1995(averaging $87,100) exceeded the developing countries(averaging $13,000) by roughly 7 times, with a differencebetween the two groups of $74,100 (Figure 18, column five).

In 1995, the highest regional ratios were again record-ed by North America ($155,100) and Oceania ($120,800).Western Europe had a ME/AF ratio of $62,900 in 1995while all other regions recorded ratios below $50,000. Thelowest was Subsaharan Africa's $3,800.

Twelve countries spent over $100,000 per soldier in1995, including Japan, which topped the list at $209,400.The twelve also included seven Western European countries,the United States, Canada, and Australia. Kuwait—rankedsecond in the world with $174,400—was the only develop-ing nation in this grouping. In contrast, the lowest includedZaire, with under $400 (except for several countries with nomilitary spending; see Country Ranking.)

Arms Trade/Total Trade

The world average ratio of arms trade to total traderose slightly from 1994 to 1995, to 0.7%. This increasemarks a switch from the steady decline of this ratio over thedecade, after peaking at 2.7% in 1985. In terms of its four

main components, this ratio looks as follows (in percent;Main Table I):

Developed Developing

Arms imports/total imports:

1985 0.9 10.2Peak .9 (`85-7) 11.5 (`87)1995 .3 2.2

Arms exports/total exports:

1985 3.2 0.9Peak 3.2 (`85) 1.5 (`88)1995 .8 .2

Over the decade, all four of the above component ratios werereduced by two-thirds or more, and each peak was recordedduring the early years of the decade, 1985-1988.

Table 13The Burden Ratios: Arms Trade/Total Trade(in percent)

Imports Exports

1985 1995 1985 1995

World 2.7 .7 2.7 .7Developed .9 .3 3.2 .8Developing 10.2 2.2 .9 .2

RegionEastern Europe 2.8 .4 12.2 2.1North America .4 .1 4.3 1.9Middle East 21.6 9.7 .8 .7Western Europe .7 .2 1.7 .4Central Asia & Cauc. — 3.2 — .4Central Amer. & Car. 14.2 .2 0 .3East Asia 2.1 .6 .4 .1South America 2.6 .9 .8 .1South Asia 13.5 1.9 .3 .1Oceania 3.0 1.2 .5 .1North Africa 12.3 1.0 .3 0Subsaharan Africa 9.8 .4 0 0

Europe, all 1.0 .2 3.7 .6Africa, all 8.8 .7 .2 .1

Organization / Reference GroupOECD .7 .2 2.1 .7OPEC 17.6 6.5 .1 .2NATO, all .6 .2 2.7 .9Warsaw Pact (fmr) 3.0 .4 12.7 2.2NATO Europe .6 .2 1.9 .5Latin America 5.4 .6 .5 .1CIS — .4 — 3.5

33

The Middle East imported the highest amount of armsas a percentage of its total imports (AI/TI) in 1995, 9.7%,compared to a ratio of almost 22% in 1985. Central Asiarecorded the next highest AI/TI ratio, with 3.2%, followedby South Asia with 1.9%. South Asia, the Middle East,Subsaharan Africa, North Africa, and Central Americareduced their ratios substantially over the decade, each by 10percentage points or more from the peak year to 1995.South Asia experienced the largest decline, with almost 20percentage points less in 1995 than in 1989, along with boththe Middle East and Subsaharan Africa, down 18 and 17points, respectively, from peaks in 1987.

Six nations recorded AI/TI ratios of over 10% in1995, topped by Bosnia and Herzegovina, although again, itsranking is based on highly estimated absolute values.Bosnia was followed by four Middle East countries—SaudiArabia (31%), Egypt (16%), Kuwait (12%), and Oman(11%)—and Burma (10.5%).

In terms of exports, Eastern Europe had the highestratio of arms exports as a percentage of total exports(AE/TE) in 1995, with a ratio of 2.1%. This ratio compareswith 12.2% in 1985, down about ten percentage points.

North America recorded the next highest ratio, 1.9%. Allother regions recorded AE/TE ratios of 1% or less during1995. Nicaragua led all countries in this ratio, with slightlyunder 8%.

Other Indicators

GNP per capita for the world as a whole rose by 1%in 1995 to $5,459. This is the second consecutive rise forthis ratio after having fallen steadily from a peak of $5,634in 1989 through 1993. Both the developed and developingcountry groupings continued an upward trend in 1995, grow-ing by 1.4% and 2.9%, respectively. Over the decade, GNPper capita grew by $3,470 for developed countries and byalmost $400 for developing countries (Main Table I). Smalldeclines in the average were registered in 1995 by EasternEurope, Central Asia and Caucasus, Middle East, NorthAfrica, and Subsaharan Africa.

North America ($20,800), Western Europe ($19,500),and Oceania ($15,300) continue to be the richest regions ofthe world. South Asia (with $358 per capita) andSubsaharan Africa ($417) had the lowest average ratios.

34

Country Rank in 1995, by Variable

1 United States 2778002 Russia 760003 China-Mainland 635104 Japan 502405 France 477706 Germany 411607 United Kingdom 334008 Italy 193809 Saudi Arabia 17210

10 Korea, South 1441011 China-Taiwan 1314012 Brazil 1090013 Canada 907714 Israel 873415 Spain 865216 Australia 840117 Netherlands 801218 India 783119 Turkey 660620 Sweden 604221 Korea, North 600022 Greece 505623 Switzerland 503424 Poland 488725 Argentina 468426 Belgium 444927 Iran 419128 Thailand 401429 Singapore 397030 Pakistan 374031 Ukraine 358832 Syria 356333 Norway 350834 Kuwait 348835 Indonesia 339836 Denmark 311837 Serbia and Montenegro NA38 South Africa 289539 Portugal 269040 Egypt 265341 Romania 252042 Malaysia 244443 Finland 238144 Czech Republic 236845 Mexico 232146 Chile 224347 Croatia 211448 Austria 210649 Uzbekistan 206250 Colombia 200051 Libya 199952 Iraq 196553 United Arab Emirates 188054 Burma 183355 Oman 173556 Morocco 137557 Algeria 123858 Yemen NA59 Philippines 115160 Bulgaria 107361 Peru 98962 Hungary 96163 Bosnia and Herzegovina NA64 Venezuela 85465 Nigeria NA66 New Zealand 74067 Ireland 68968 Ecuador 61169 Sri Lanka 58570 Slovakia 57771 Vietnam 54472 Bangladesh 50273 Cyprus 49574 Jordan 48175 Afghanistan NA76 Kazakstan 42677 Lebanon 41078 Uruguay 41079 Sudan NA80 Cuba 35081 Tunisia 34582 Slovenia 34483 Belarus 33184 Qatar 330

85 Azerbaijan 30486 Bahrain 27387 Brunei 26988 Zimbabwe 23189 Botswana 22590 Angola 22591 Moldova 22292 Tajikistan 20993 Turkmenistan 19694 Georgia 19495 Guatemala 19196 Kenya 17397 Cameroon NA98 Dominican Republic 15499 Luxembourg 142

100 Bolivia 132101 Uganda 126102 Paraguay 121103 Estonia 118104 Ethiopia 118105 Rwanda 118106 Papua New Guinea 107107 Gabon 104108 Zambia 102109 El Salvador 101110 Ivory Coast 98111 Panama 97112 Cambodia 90113 Ghana 87114 Trinidad & Tobago 82115 Kyrgyzstan NA116 Armenia 79117 Lithuania 78118 Senegal 76119 Latvia 74120 Laos 72121 Mozambique 69122 Tanzania 69123 Burkina Faso 68124 Namibia 64125 Macedonia 63126 Haiti 59127 Guinea 51128 Honduras 51129 Costa Rica 50130 Congo 48131 Burundi 46132 Albania 45133 Liberia 45134 Mali 43135 Nepal 42136 Sierra Leone 41137 Suriname 38138 Nicaragua 34139 Chad 34140 Mauritania 33141 Fiji 32142 Malta 32143 Jamaica 28144 Lesotho 28145 Central African Republic NA146 Togo 28147 Madagascar 28148 Swaziland 27149 Benin 24150 Djibouti 22151 Niger 21152 Malawi 21153 Mongolia 20154 Zaire 17155 Gambia, The 15156 Mauritius 14157 Barbados 13158 Belize 9159 Guinea-Bissau 7160 Guyana 7161 Cape Verde 4162 Equatorial Guinea 2163 Bhutan NA164 Somalia NA165 Sao Tome & Principe NA166 Iceland 0167 Eritrea —

1 China-Mainland 29302 United States 16203 Russia 14004 India 12655 Korea, North 10406 Turkey 8057 Korea, South 6558 Pakistan 5879 Vietnam 550

10 France 50411 Ukraine 47612 Iran 44013 Italy 43514 Egypt 43015 China-Taiwan 42516 Iraq 39017 Germany 35218 Burma 32219 Syria 32020 Thailand 28821 Brazil 28522 Indonesia 28023 Poland 27824 Japan 24025 United Kingdom 23326 Greece 21327 Spain 21028 Romania 20929 Morocco 19530 Israel 18531 Mexico 17532 Saudi Arabia 17533 Colombia 14634 Serbia and Montenegro 13035 Malaysia 12236 Algeria 12037 Ethiopia 12038 Bangladesh 11539 Belarus 11540 Peru 11541 Jordan 11242 Philippines 11043 Sri Lanka 11044 Chile 10245 South Africa 10046 Cambodia 9047 Nigeria 8948 Sudan 8949 Azerbaijan 8750 Bulgaria 8651 Angola 8252 Portugal 7853 Libya 7654 Venezuela 7555 Hungary 7156 Canada 7057 Cuba 7058 Czech Republic 6859 Yemen 6860 Netherlands 6761 Argentina 6562 Armenia 6063 Croatia 6064 Singapore 6065 United Arab Emirates 6066 Australia 5867 Ecuador 5868 Lebanon 5569 Albania 5270 Slovakia 5271 Uganda 5272 Sweden 5173 Bosnia and Herzegovina 5074 Laos 5075 Zaire 4976 Belgium 4777 Austria 4578 Nepal 4079 Zimbabwe 4080 Norway 3881 Guatemala 3682 Oman 3683 Tunisia 3584 Tanzania 35

85 Rwanda 3386 Finland 3287 Chad 3088 Bolivia 2889 Kazakstan 2890 Denmark 2791 Uruguay 2592 Somalia NA93 Cameroon 2294 Burundi 2295 Dominican Republic 2296 El Salvador 2297 Kenya 2298 Zambia 2299 Madagascar 21

100 Mongolia 21101 Turkmenistan 21102 Uzbekistan 21103 Afghanistan 20104 Kuwait 20105 Honduras 18106 Macedonia 16107 Ivory Coast 15108 Sierra Leone 14109 Nicaragua 14110 Senegal 14111 Ireland 13112 Kyrgyzstan 13113 Guinea 12114 Lithuania 12115 Moldova 12116 Mozambique 12117 Panama 12118 Paraguay 12119 Togo 12120 Congo 10121 Cyprus 10122 Mauritania 10123 New Zealand 10124 Qatar 10125 Slovenia 10126 Gabon 10127 Malawi 10128 Niger 9129 Burkina Faso 9130 Switzerland 9131 Bahrain 8132 Costa Rica 8133 Djibouti 8134 Mali 8135 Namibia 8136 Tajikistan 8137 Botswana 8138 Ghana 7139 Guinea-Bissau 7140 Latvia 7141 Benin 6142 Estonia 6143 Bhutan 5144 Brunei 5145 Georgia 5146 Papua New Guinea 5147 Central African Republic 5148 Fiji 4149 Jamaica 3150 Sao Tome & Principe NA151 Swaziland 3152 Trinidad & Tobago 3153 Guyana 2154 Lesotho 2155 Liberia NA156 Suriname 2157 Equatorial Guinea 1158 Mauritius 1159 Belize 1160 Cape Verde 1161 Gambia, The 1162 Luxembourg 1163 Malta 1164 Barbados 0165 Haiti 0166 Iceland 0167 Eritrea —

36

Military Expenditures (ME) (millions of dollars) Armed Forces (thousands)


1 United States 156002 United Kingdom 52003 Russia 33004 France 22005 Germany 12006 Israel 7757 China-Mainland 6258 Sweden 3109 Iran 290

10 Canada 28011 Netherlands 23012 Belarus 17013 Ukraine 16014 Bulgaria 15015 Italy 15016 Belgium 13017 Czech Republic 12018 South Africa 10019 Switzerland 10020 Spain 8021 Argentina 7022 Slovakia 7023 Korea, South 6024 Turkey 6025 Australia 5026 Korea, North 4027 Malaysia 4028 Moldova 4029 Nicaragua 4030 Poland 4031 Saudi Arabia 4032 Singapore 3033 Denmark 2034 Hungary 2035 Japan 2036 Kazakstan 2037 Mexico 2038 Norway 2039 Pakistan 2040 Romania 2041 Brazil 1042 China-Taiwan 1043 Indonesia 1044 Kyrgyzstan 1045 Tajikistan 1046 United Arab Emirates 1047 Uzbekistan 1048 India 549 New Zealand 550 Slovenia 551 Afghanistan 052 Albania 053 Algeria 054 Angola 055 Armenia 056 Austria 057 Azerbaijan 058 Bahrain 059 Bangladesh 060 Barbados 061 Belize 062 Benin 063 Bhutan 064 Bolivia 065 Bosnia and Herzegovina 066 Botswana 067 Brunei 068 Burkina Faso 069 Burma 070 Burundi 071 Cambodia 072 Cameroon 073 Cape Verde 074 Central African Republic 075 Chad 076 Chile 077 Colombia 078 Congo 079 Costa Rica 080 Croatia 081 Cuba 082 Cyprus 083 Djibouti 084 Dominican Republic 0

85 Ecuador 086 Egypt 087 El Salvador 088 Equatorial Guinea 089 Eritrea 090 Estonia 091 Ethiopia 092 Fiji 093 Finland 094 Gabon 095 Gambia, The 096 Georgia 097 Ghana 098 Greece 099 Guatemala 0

100 Guinea 0101 Guinea-Bissau 0102 Guyana 0103 Haiti 0104 Honduras 0105 Iceland 0106 Iraq 0107 Ireland 0108 Ivory Coast 0109 Jamaica 0110 Jordan 0111 Kenya 0112 Kuwait 0113 Laos 0114 Latvia 0115 Lebanon 0116 Lesotho 0117 Liberia 0118 Libya 0119 Lithuania 0120 Luxembourg 0121 Macedonia 0122 Madagascar 0123 Malawi 0124 Mali 0125 Malta 0126 Mauritania 0127 Mauritius 0128 Mongolia 0129 Morocco 0130 Mozambique 0131 Namibia 0132 Nepal 0133 Niger 0134 Nigeria 0135 Oman 0136 Panama 0137 Papua New Guinea 0138 Paraguay 0139 Peru 0140 Philippines 0141 Portugal 0142 Qatar 0143 Rwanda 0144 Sao Tome & Principe 0145 Senegal 0146 Serbia and Montenegro 0147 Sierra Leone 0 148 Somalia 0149 Sri Lanka 0150 Sudan 0 151 Suriname 0152 Swaziland 0153 Syria 0154 Tanzania 0155 Thailand 0156 Togo 0157 Trinidad & Tobago 0158 Tunisia 0159 Turkmenistan 0160 Uganda 0161 Uruguay 0162 Venezuela 0163 Vietnam 0164 Yemen 0165 Zaire 0166 Zambia 0167 Zimbabwe 0

1 Saudi Arabia 86002 Egypt 19003 China-Taiwan 12004 Korea, South 11005 Thailand 11006 United States 10007 Australia 9008 Kuwait 9009 United Arab Emirates 875

10 Greece 82511 Malaysia 75012 China-Mainland 72513 Turkey 70014 Spain 67515 Japan 62516 Pakistan 48017 Oman 46018 India 41019 Chile 38020 Belgium 34021 Israel 34022 Germany 31023 Slovakia 29024 Kazakstan 28025 Peru 28026 Bosnia and Herzegovina 27027 Iran 27028 Ecuador 26029 South Africa 25030 Algeria 23031 Netherlands 22032 Canada 21033 Singapore 20034 Vietnam 20035 United Kingdom 19036 Brazil 17037 Indonesia 17038 Sri Lanka 16039 France 15040 Burma 14041 Norway 14042 Yemen 14043 Austria 12044 Croatia 11045 Italy 11046 Korea, North 10047 Sudan 10048 Angola 9049 Philippines 9050 Poland 9051 Portugal 9052 Venezuela 9053 Denmark 8054 Jordan 7055 Syria 7056 Bangladesh 6057 Colombia 6058 Cyprus 5059 Morocco 5060 Qatar 5061 Argentina 4062 Bahrain 4063 Lebanon 4064 New Zealand 4065 Tunisia 4066 Armenia 3067 Finland 3068 Hungary 3069 Slovenia 3070 Turkmenistan 3071 Afghanistan 2072 Cambodia 2073 El Salvador 2074 Fiji 2075 Mexico 2076 Switzerland 2077 Bolivia 1078 Cameroon 1079 Chad 1080 Congo 1081 Dominican Republic 1082 Georgia 1083 Honduras 1084 Kenya 10

85 Nigeria 1086 Sweden 1087 Brunei 588 Estonia 589 Guatemala 590 Guinea 591 Ivory Coast 592 Latvia 593 Lithuania 594 Madagascar 595 Mauritania 596 Namibia 597 Senegal 598 Uruguay 599 Albania 0

100 Azerbaijan 0101 Barbados 0102 Belarus 0103 Belize 0104 Benin 0105 Bhutan 0106 Botswana 0107 Bulgaria 0108 Burkina Faso 0109 Burundi 0110 Cape Verde 0111 Central African Republic 0112 Costa Rica 0113 Cuba 0114 Czech Republic 0115 Djibouti 0116 Equatorial Guinea 0117 Eritrea 0118 Ethiopia 0119 Gabon 0120 Gambia, The 0121 Ghana 0122 Guinea-Bissau 0123 Guyana 0124 Haiti 0125 Iceland 0126 Iraq 0127 Ireland 0128 Jamaica 0129 Kyrgyzstan 0130 Laos 0131 Lesotho 0132 Liberia 0133 Libya 0134 Luxembourg 0135 Macedonia 0136 Malawi 0137 Mali 0138 Malta 0139 Mauritius 0140 Moldova 0141 Mongolia 0142 Mozambique 0143 Nepal 0144 Nicaragua 0145 Niger 0146 Panama 0147 Papua New Guinea 0148 Paraguay 0.149 Romania 0150 Russia 0151 Rwanda 0152 Sao Tome & Principe 0153 Serbia and Montenegro 0154 Sierra Leone 0155 Somalia 0156 Suriname 0157 Swaziland 0158 Tajikistan 0159 Tanzania 0160 Togo 0161 Trinidad & Tobago 0162 Uganda 0163 Ukraine 0164 Uzbekistan 0165 Zaire 0166 Zambia 0167 Zimbabwe 0

37

Arms Exports (millions of dollars) Arms Imports (millions of dollars)


1 United States 72470002 Japan 51530003 China-Mainland 27590004 Germany 21720005 France 15210006 United Kingdom 11100007 Italy 10820008 Russia 6640009 Brazil 656500

10 Spain 55380011 Canada 54180012 Korea, South 42480013 Netherlands 39070014 Australia 34210015 India 32620016 Switzerland 31570017 Argentina 27120018 Belgium 26910019 China-Taiwan 26360020 Mexico 23700021 Austria 23050022 Sweden 21870023 Poland 20850024 Indonesia 18940025 Denmark 17010026 Turkey 16670027 Thailand 16340028 Iran 15820029 South Africa 13060030 Norway 12800031 Saudi Arabia 12760032 Ukraine 12370033 Finland 11940034 Portugal 10290035 Czech Republic 10100036 Romania 9894037 Nigeria 9534038 Greece 9125039 Israel 9056040 Singapore 8430041 Malaysia 8081042 Philippines 7663043 Colombia 7627044 Venezuela 7455045 Hungary 6566046 Pakistan 6093047 Chile 5906048 New Zealand 5721049 Peru 5693050 Ireland 5445051 Uzbekistan 5397052 Syria 4952053 Burma 4709054 Egypt 4649055 Kazakstan 4539056 Belarus 4363057 United Arab Emirates 3895058 Algeria 3894059 Bulgaria 3767060 Libya 3322061 Morocco 3229062 Kuwait 2999063 Bangladesh 2901064 Slovenia 2260065 Cuba 2255066 Vietnam 2130067 Korea, North 2100068 Serbia and Montenegro 2060069 Croatia 2010070 Slovakia 1938071 Luxembourg 1898072 Tunisia 1735073 Uruguay 1717074 Iraq NA75 Ecuador 1660076 Lithuania 1530077 Guatemala 1471078 Sri Lanka 1282079 Afghanistan 1280080 Turkmenistan 1150081 Dominican Republic 1143082 Lebanon 1116083 Estonia 1098084 Azerbaijan 10960

85 Oman 1041086 Moldova 1040087 El Salvador 956488 Ivory Coast 898689 Costa Rica 893090 Yemen 889291 Paraguay 878992 Cyprus 851093 Armenia 849894 Latvia 847995 Kyrgyzstan 812796 Cameroon 805197 Georgia 793898 Kenya 755799 Qatar 7445

100 Papua New Guinea 7429101 Angola 7400102 Panama 7083103 Iceland 6851104 Sudan 6567105 Jordan 6280106 Ghana 6176107 Bolivia 5810108 Zimbabwe 5754109 Tajikistan 5639110 Uganda 5421111 Ethiopia 5347112 Zaire 5190113 Bahrain 5053114 Trinidad & Tobago 4749115 Senegal 4672116 Brunei 4500117 Nepal 4382118 Botswana 4217119 Albania 4100120 Gabon 4024121 Mauritius 3920122 Tanzania 3840123 Honduras 3668124 Zambia 3612125 Guinea 3540126 Jamaica 3528127 Namibia 3072128 Madagascar 3037129 Cambodia 2925130 Malta 2832131 Mali 2428132 Burkina Faso 2310133 Rwanda 2274134 Benin 2013135 Haiti 2011136 Macedonia 1900137 Fiji 1863138 Niger 1860139 Laos 1734140 Barbados 1690141 Congo 1649142 Bosnia and Herzegovina NA143 Nicaragua 1576144 Liberia NA145 Lesotho 1478146 Malawi 1310147 Suriname 1302148 Mozambique 1284149 Togo 1227150 Chad 1117151 Central African Republic 1115152 Burundi 1050153 Swaziland 1048154 Mauritania 1045155 Mongolia 844156 Somalia 810157 Sierra Leone 671158 Guyana 560159 Belize 555160 Djibouti 493161 Cape Verde 382162 Gambia, The 314163 Bhutan 304164 Guinea-Bissau 253165 Equatorial Guinea 150166 Sao Tome & Principe 33167 Eritrea —

1 United States 15980002 Japan NA3 Germany 8209004 France 7243005 Italy NA6 United Kingdom 4621007 China-Mainland 3439008 Brazil 2768009 Netherlands 182000

10 Spain 15370011 Belgium NA12 Canada NA13 Russia NA14 Korea, South 10610015 Sweden 10360016 Austria NA17 Australia 9515018 Poland 9044019 Switzerland NA20 Denmark 7558021 India 6180022 Norway NA23 Saudi Arabia NA24 Greece 4700025 Finland 4660026 Ukraine 4620027 Mexico 4576028 South Africa 4305029 Israel 4147030 Portugal NA31 Indonesia 3809032 China-Taiwan 3770033 Turkey 3761034 Czech Republic 3613035 Moldova NA36 Iran NA37 Thailand 2641038 Uzbekistan NA39 Nigeria NA40 Romania 2258041 New Zealand 2223042 Hungary 2111043 Ireland 2033044 Malaysia 1973045 Egypt 1939046 Argentina NA47 Algeria 1790048 Korea, North NA49 Bulgaria 1705050 Singapore 1655051 Pakistan 1477052 Belarus NA53 Kuwait 1370054 Venezuela 1365055 Philippines 1361056 Syria NA57 Chile 1282058 Colombia 1237059 Iraq NA60 Kazakstan NA61 Peru 1059062 Libya NA63 Slovenia 990464 Morocco NA65 Cuba NA66 Slovakia 848967 Luxembourg 740468 Serbia and Montenegro NA69 Tunisia NA70 Croatia 660871 Uruguay 557472 Oman 512173 Vietnam 500074 United Arab Emirates 490075 Burma 488776 Turkmenistan NA77 Armenia NA78 Bangladesh NA79 Sri Lanka 373880 Lithuania 373381 Lebanon NA82 Qatar 350083 Ecuador 334084 Estonia NA

85 Azerbaijan NA86 Cyprus 289787 Kenya 279788 Afghanistan NA89 Latvia NA90 Kyrgyzstan NA91 Iceland 239892 Georgia NA93 Brunei NA94 Jordan 221995 Panama NA96 Jamaica 200097 Tajikistan NA98 Ivory Coast NA99 Papua New Guinea 1901

100 Costa Rica 1882101 Bahrain 1837102 Botswana 1779103 Zimbabwe NA104 Dominican Republic 1704105 Angola NA106 Paraguay 1660107 Trinidad & Tobago NA108 Yemen NA109 Cameroon NA110 Albania 1413111 Bolivia 1386112 El Salvador 1358113 Guatemala 1347114 Sudan 1325115 Ethiopia NA116 Malta NA117 Lesotho 1131118 Namibia NA119 Bosnia and Herzegovina NA120 Uganda 946121 Senegal NA122 Gabon NA123 Mauritius 891124 Tanzania 817125 Zambia 810126 Guinea NA127 Ghana NA128 Nepal 719129 Macedonia NA130 Nicaragua 654131 Mali NA132 Honduras 590133 Madagascar 557134 Barbados 554135 Fiji 538136 Congo NA137 Rwanda NA138 Zaire 468139 Laos NA140 Swaziland 391141 Mauritania NA142 Cambodia NA143 Burkina Faso NA144 Niger NA145 Mongolia 286146 Liberia NA147 Togo 274148 Haiti 274149 Cape Verde NA150 Guyana 238151 Suriname NA152 Benin NA153 Chad NA154 Djibouti NA155 Malawi NA156 Burundi 186157 Belize 178158 Central African Republic NA159 Bhutan 145160 Sierra Leone 142161 Mozambique NA162 Guinea-Bissau NA163 Gambia, The 90164 Somalia NA165 Equatorial Guinea NA166 Sao Tome & Principe NA167 Eritrea —

38

GNP (millions of dollars) CGE (millions of dollars)


1 Bosnia and Herzegovina NA2 Korea, North 28.63 Oman 16.74 Serbia and Montenegro NA5 Yemen NA6 Saudi Arabia 13.57 Kuwait 11.68 Iraq NA9 Russia 11.4

10 Croatia 10.511 Israel 9.612 Jordan 7.713 Syria 7.214 Pakistan 6.115 Sierra Leone 6.116 Sudan NA17 Libya 6.018 Brunei 6.019 Cyprus 5.820 Egypt 5.721 Greece 5.522 Mozambique 5.423 Bahrain 5.424 Botswana 5.325 Rwanda 5.226 China-Taiwan 5.027 United Arab Emirates 4.828 Singapore 4.729 Gambia, The 4.630 Sri Lanka 4.631 Djibouti 4.432 Qatar 4.433 Burundi 4.434 Morocco 4.335 Laos 4.136 Zimbabwe 4.037 Turkey 4.038 Burma 3.939 United States 3.840 Uzbekistan 3.841 Chile 3.842 Tajikistan 3.743 Afghanistan NA44 Ecuador 3.745 Lebanon 3.746 Korea, South 3.447 Macedonia 3.348 Mauritania 3.249 Algeria 3.250 France 3.151 Cambodia 3.152 Chad 3.053 Angola 3.054 Malaysia 3.055 United Kingdom 3.056 Liberia NA57 Slovakia 3.058 Suriname 3.059 Burkina Faso 2.960 Haiti 2.961 Congo 2.962 Ukraine 2.963 Bulgaria 2.864 Guinea-Bissau 2.865 Zambia 2.866 Azerbaijan 2.867 Sweden 2.868 Norway 2.769 Iran 2.670 Swaziland 2.671 Colombia 2.672 Portugal 2.673 Gabon 2.674 Vietnam 2.575 Romania 2.576 Central African Republic NA77 Thailand 2.578 Australia 2.579 Georgia 2.480 India 2.481 Uruguay 2.482 Mongolia 2.483 Czech Republic 2.384 Poland 2.3

85 Uganda 2.386 China-Mainland 2.387 Kenya 2.388 Togo 2.389 Bolivia 2.390 South Africa 2.291 Ethiopia 2.292 Nicaragua 2.293 Moldova 2.194 Namibia 2.195 Netherlands 2.096 Finland 2.097 Tunisia 2.098 Cameroon NA99 Lesotho 1.9

100 Germany 1.9101 Denmark 1.8102 Tanzania 1.8103 Indonesia 1.8104 Italy 1.8105 Mali 1.8106 Fiji 1.7107 Peru 1.7108 Bangladesh 1.7109 Argentina 1.7110 Trinidad & Tobago 1.7111 Turkmenistan 1.7112 Canada 1.7113 Brazil 1.7114 Belgium 1.6115 Senegal 1.6116 Equatorial Guinea 1.6117 Belize 1.6118 Malawi 1.6119 Switzerland 1.6120 Spain 1.6121 Cuba 1.5122 Slovenia 1.5123 Philippines 1.5124 Hungary 1.5125 Guinea 1.5126 Papua New Guinea 1.4127 Ghana 1.4128 Honduras 1.4129 Paraguay 1.4130 Panama 1.4131 Dominican Republic 1.3132 Guatemala 1.3133 New Zealand 1.3134 Ireland 1.3135 Guyana 1.3136 Benin 1.2137 Niger 1.1138 Venezuela 1.1139 Malta 1.1140 Albania 1.1141 Ivory Coast 1.1142 Estonia 1.1143 El Salvador 1.1144 Cape Verde 1.0145 Kyrgyzstan NA146 Mexico 1.0147 Japan 1.0148 Nepal .9149 Kazakstan .9150 Armenia .9151 Madagascar .9152 Austria .9153 Latvia .9154 Jamaica .8155 Barbados .8156 Belarus .8157 Nigeria NA158 Sao Tome & Principe NA159 Luxembourg .7160 Costa Rica .6161 Lithuania .5162 Bhutan NA163 Mauritius .3164 Zaire .3165 Somalia NA166 Iceland 0167 Eritrea —

39

ME/GNP (percent)Population (millions)

1 China-Mainland 1198.12 India 936.53 United States 263.04 Indonesia 203.55 Brazil 160.76 Russia 148.37 Pakistan 126.48 Japan 125.29 Bangladesh 120.8

10 Nigeria 100.811 Mexico 94.012 Germany 82.913 Philippines 72.914 Vietnam 72.815 Iran 64.616 Egypt 62.417 Turkey 61.418 United Kingdom 58.419 Thailand 58.220 France 57.921 Italy 57.422 Ethiopia 55.623 Ukraine 51.124 Zaire 45.425 Burma 45.1 26 Korea, South 45.027 South Africa 41.028 Spain 39.129 Poland 38.630 Colombia 36.231 Argentina 34.332 Sudan 30.333 Morocco 29.234 Tanzania 28.635 Algeria 28.536 Canada 28.537 Kenya 27.638 Peru 24.139 Korea, North 23.540 Uzbekistan 23.041 Romania 21.942 Afghanistan 21.643 Venezuela 21.644 Nepal 21.645 China-Taiwan 21.346 Iraq 20.647 Uganda 19.748 Malaysia 19.549 Saudi Arabia 18.750 Sri Lanka 18.351 Australia 18.152 Ghana 17.353 Mozambique 17.154 Kazakstan 16.955 Netherlands 15.556 Syria 15.157 Ivory Coast 14.358 Chile 14.159 Cameroon 13.860 Madagascar 13.361 Yemen 13.062 Ecuador 11.263 Zimbabwe 11.264 Guatemala 11.065 Cuba 10.966 Serbia and Montenegro 10.667 Cambodia 10.668 Greece 10.569 Belarus 10.470 Burkina Faso 10.371 Czech Republic 10.372 Belgium 10.173 Hungary 10.174 Angola 10.175 Portugal 9.976 Malawi 9.477 Mali 9.478 Somalia 9.279 Zambia 9.080 Tunisia 8.981 Sweden 8.882 Niger 8.883 Senegal 8.884 Bulgaria 8.6

85 Austria 8.086 Dominican Republic 7.987 Azerbaijan 7.688 Guinea 7.289 Switzerland 7.290 Bolivia 7.091 Chad 6.892 Haiti 6.693 Rwanda 6.094 Burundi 5.995 Tajikistan 5.896 El Salvador 5.797 Benin 5.598 Honduras 5.599 Paraguay 5.4

100 Slovakia 5.4101 Israel 5.3102 Georgia 5.3103 Libya 5.2104 Denmark 5.2105 Finland 5.1106 Croatia 5.0107 Laos 4.8108 Sierra Leone 4.6109 Kyrgyzstan 4.5110 Moldova 4.5111 Togo 4.4112 Norway 4.4113 Papua New Guinea 4.3114 Nicaragua 4.2115 Jordan 4.1116 Turkmenistan 4.1117 Lebanon 3.7118 Lithuania 3.7119 Eritrea 3.6120 Ireland 3.6121 New Zealand 3.5122 Armenia 3.5123 Costa Rica 3.4124 Singapore 3.3125 Uruguay 3.2126 Central African Republic 3.2127 Albania 3.2128 United Arab Emirates 2.9129 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2.8130 Panama 2.6131 Jamaica 2.6132 Latvia 2.5133 Congo 2.5134 Mongolia 2.4135 Mauritania 2.3136 Liberia 2.2137 Oman 2.1138 Macedonia 2.1139 Slovenia 2.0140 Lesotho 1.9141 Kuwait 1.8142 Bhutan 1.8143 Namibia 1.6144 Estonia 1.5145 Botswana 1.4146 Trinidad and Tobago 1.3147 Gambia, The 1.2148 Gabon 1.2149 Mauritius 1.1150 Guinea-Bissau 1.1151 Swaziland 1.0152 Fiji .8153 Cyprus .7154 Guyana .7155 Bahrain .6156 Qatar .5157 Cape Verde .4158 Suriname .4159 Djibouti .4160 Equatorial Guinea .4161 Luxembourg .4162 Malta .4163 Brunei .3164 Iceland .3165 Barbados .3166 Belize .2167 Sao Tome and Principe .1


1 Bosnia and Herzegovina NA2 Yemen NA3 Russia NA4 Mozambique NA5 Serbia and Montenegro NA6 United Arab Emirates 38.47 Burma 37.58 China-Taiwan 34.89 Saudi Arabia NA

10 Oman 33.911 Korea, North NA12 Croatia 32.013 Sudan NA14 Sierra Leone 28.915 Syria NA16 Argentina NA17 Cambodia NA18 Kuwait 25.519 Pakistan 25.320 Burundi 24.821 Rwanda NA22 Singapore 24.023 Burkina Faso NA24 Jordan 21.725 Haiti 21.626 Israel 21.127 Libya NA28 China-Mainland 18.529 Afghanistan NA30 Ecuador 18.331 Iraq NA32 Turkey 17.633 Chile 17.534 United States 17.435 Cyprus 17.136 Chad NA37 Laos NA38 Suriname NA39 Gambia, The 16.240 Colombia 16.241 Central African Republic NA42 Liberia NA43 Sri Lanka 15.744 Thailand 15.245 Bahrain 14.846 Morocco NA47 Guatemala 14.248 Egypt 13.749 Korea, South 13.650 Angola NA51 Zimbabwe NA52 Uganda 13.353 Iran NA54 Botswana 12.755 India 12.756 Zambia 12.657 Malaysia 12.458 Equatorial Guinea NA59 Bangladesh NA60 Ghana NA61 Brunei NA62 Gabon NA63 Benin NA64 Romania 11.265 Djibouti NA66 Lebanon NA67 Cameroon NA68 Vietnam 10.969 Greece 10.870 Malawi NA71 Tajikistan NA72 Togo 10.273 Ethiopia NA74 Congo NA75 Bolivia 9.576 Macedonia NA77 Qatar 9.478 Peru 9.379 Azerbaijan NA80 Dominican Republic 9.181 Uzbekistan NA82 Indonesia 8.983 Australia 8.884 Mauritania NA

85 Honduras 8.786 Philippines 8.587 Tanzania 8.488 Georgia NA89 Senegal NA90 Ukraine 7.891 El Salvador 7.492 Uruguay 7.393 Paraguay 7.394 United Kingdom 7.295 Niger NA96 Guinea-Bissau NA97 Mali NA98 Swaziland 7.099 Mongolia 7.0

100 Algeria 6.9101 Guinea NA102 Slovakia 6.8103 South Africa 6.7104 Canada NA105 Namibia NA106 France 6.6107 Czech Republic 6.6108 Portugal NA109 Switzerland NA110 Bulgaria 6.3111 Venezuela 6.2112 Kenya 6.2113 Fiji 6.0114 Norway NA115 Sweden 5.8116 Nepal 5.8117 Sao Tome & Principe NA118 Papua New Guinea 5.6119 Spain 5.6120 Poland 5.4121 Nicaragua 5.3122 Trinidad & Tobago NA123 Finland 5.1124 Mexico 5.1125 Ivory Coast NA126 Tunisia NA127 Germany 5.0128 Belize 5.0129 Madagascar 5.0130 Panama NA131 Hungary 4.5132 Netherlands 4.4133 Turkmenistan NA134 Denmark 4.1135 Cuba NA136 Brazil 3.9137 Japan NA138 Kazakstan NA139 Zaire 3.7140 Estonia NA141 Italy NA142 Slovenia 3.5143 Ireland 3.4144 New Zealand 3.3145 Belgium NA146 Kyrgyzstan NA147 Nigeria NA148 Albania 3.2149 Guyana 2.9150 Latvia NA151 Malta NA152 Costa Rica 2.6153 Somalia NA154 Lesotho 2.5155 Barbados 2.3156 Belarus NA157 Austria NA158 Lithuania 2.1159 Luxembourg 1.9160 Armenia NA161 Cape Verde NA162 Mauritius 1.6163 Jamaica 1.4164 Bhutan NA165 Moldova NA166 Iceland 0167 Eritrea —

1 Kuwait 19192 Israel 16463 Singapore 11914 United States 10565 Saudi Arabia 9196 Brunei 9197 France 8268 Oman 8229 Norway 804

10 Switzerland 70311 Sweden 68312 Cyprus 67213 United Arab Emirates 64314 China-Taiwan 61815 Qatar 61716 Denmark 59617 United Kingdom 57218 Netherlands 51819 Russia 51220 Germany 49621 Greece 48122 Bahrain 47323 Finland 46724 Australia 46525 Belgium 43926 Croatia 42527 Japan 40128 Libya 38129 Luxembourg 34830 Bosnia and Herzegovina NA31 Italy 33832 Korea, South 32033 Canada 31834 Serbia and Montenegro NA35 Portugal 27336 Austria 26437 Korea, North 25538 Syria 23639 Czech Republic 22940 Spain 22141 New Zealand 21142 Ireland 19343 Slovenia 17644 Chile 15845 Botswana 15546 Argentina 13747 Uruguay 12748 Poland 12749 Bulgaria 12550 Malaysia 12551 Jordan 11752 Romania 11553 Lebanon 11154 Slovakia 10855 Turkey 10756 Hungary 9557 Iraq NA58 Yemen NA59 Gabon 9060 Uzbekistan 9061 Suriname 9062 Malta 8763 Estonia 8064 South Africa 7165 Ukraine 7066 Thailand 6967 Brazil 6868 Iran 6569 Trinidad & Tobago 6470 Colombia 5571 Ecuador 5472 China-Mainland 5373 Djibouti 5274 Barbados 5075 Moldova 5076 Turkmenistan 4877 Morocco 4778 Algeria 4379 Egypt 4380 Fiji 4281 Belize 4182 Peru 4183 Burma 4184 Azerbaijan 40

85 Venezuela 4086 Namibia 3987 Tunisia 3988 Panama 3789 Georgia 3790 Tajikistan 3691 Cuba 3292 Sri Lanka 3393 Belarus 3294 Macedonia 3095 Pakistan 3096 Latvia 2997 Swaziland 2898 Kazakstan 2599 Papua New Guinea 25

100 Mexico 25101 Armenia 23102 Paraguay 23103 Angola 22104 Afghanistan NA105 Lithuania 21106 Zimbabwe 21107 Liberia 21108 Rwanda 20109 Congo 19110 Dominican Republic 19111 Bolivia 19112 El Salvador 18113 Kyrgyzstan 18114 Guatemala 17115 Indonesia 17116 Philippines 16117 Laos 15118 Mauritania 15119 Costa Rica 15120 Lesotho 15121 Albania 14122 Sudan NA123 Gambia, The 13124 Mauritius 12125 Cameroon NA126 Zambia 11127 Jamaica 11128 Guyana 10129 Honduras 9130 Cape Verde 9131 Haiti 9132 Sierra Leone 9133 Central African Republic NA134 Senegal 9135 Cambodia 8136 India 8137 Mongolia 8138 Nicaragua 8139 Nigeria NA140 Burundi 8141 Vietnam 7142 Guinea 7143 Ivory Coast 7144 Burkina Faso 7145 Guinea-Bissau 6146 Uganda 6147 Togo 6148 Kenya 6149 Equatorial Guinea 6150 Ghana 5151 Chad 5152 Mali 5153 Benin 4154 Bangladesh 4155 Mozambique 4156 Niger 2157 Tanzania 2158 Malawi 2159 Ethiopia 2160 Madagascar 2161 Nepal 2162 Sao Tome & Principe NA163 Bhutan NA164 Zaire 0165 Somalia NA166 Iceland 0167 Eritrea —

40

ME per Capita (dollars)ME/CGE (percent)


1 Korea, North 44.32 Israel 34.93 Jordan 27.34 Sao Tome & Principe NA5 Syria 21.26 United Arab Emirates 20.57 Greece 20.38 China-Taiwan 20.09 Djibouti 19.0

10 Iraq 18.911 Qatar 18.712 Singapore 18.013 Bosnia and Herzegovia 18.014 Armenia 17.315 Brunei 17.116 Oman 17.117 Albania 16.218 Lebanon 14.919 Korea, South 14.620 Libya 14.521 Bahrain 13.922 Cyprus 13.623 Turkey 13.124 Serbia and Montenegro 12.325 Croatia 12.126 Azerbaijan 11.427 Belarus 11.128 Kuwait 11.029 Laos 10.330 Bulgaria 10.031 Slovakia 9.732 Romania 9.533 Russia 9.434 Saudi Arabia 9.335 Ukraine 9.336 Norway 8.737 France 8.738 Mongolia 8.639 Cambodia 8.540 Gabon 8.241 Angola 8.142 Portugal 7.943 Uruguay 7.844 Macedonia 7.645 Italy 7.646 Vietnam 7.647 Chile 7.248 Poland 7.249 Burma 7.150 Hungary 7.151 Egypt 6.952 Iran 6.853 Morocco 6.754 Czech Republic 6.655 Cuba 6.456 Finland 6.357 Malaysia 6.258 Guinea-Bissau 6.259 United States 6.260 Sri Lanka 6.061 Sweden 5.862 Austria 5.663 Rwanda 5.564 Spain 5.465 Yemen 5.266 Fiji 5.2 67 Denmark 5.268 Botswana 5.269 Ecuador 5.270 Turkmenistan 5.271 Slovenia 5.172 Thailand 4.973 Namibia 4.974 Peru 4.875 Belize 4.776 Suriname 4.777 Pakistan 4.678 Belgium 4.679 Panama 4.680 Chad 4.481 Mauritania 4.482 Netherlands 4.383 Germany 4.284 Algeria 4.2

85 Estonia 4.186 Congo 4.087 Colombia 4.088 United Kingdom 4.089 Bolivia 4.090 Tunisia 4.091 El Salvador 3.892 Burundi 3.793 Ireland 3.694 Zimbabwe 3.695 Venezuela 3.596 Nicaragua 3.497 Honduras 3.398 Lithuania 3.399 Guatemala 3.3

100 Australia 3.2101 Equatorial Guinea 3.1102 Swaziland 3.1103 Sierra Leone 3.1104 Sudan 2.9105 Kyrgyzstan 2.9106 New Zealand 2.9107 Bhutan 2.8108 Latvia 2.8109 Guyana 2.8110 Dominican Republic 2.8111 Togo 2.7112 Moldova 2.7113 Malta 2.7114 Uganda 2.6115 Somalia NA116 Canada 2.5117 China-Mainland 2.5118 Luxembourg 2.4119 South Africa 2.4120 Zambia 2.4121 Trinidad & Tobago 2.4122 Costa Rica 2.4123 Cape Verde 2.3124 Paraguay 2.2125 Ethiopia 2.2126 Japan 1.9127 Argentina 1.9128 Mexico 1.9129 Nepal 1.9130 Brazil 1.8131 Guinea 1.7132 Kazakstan 1.7133 Cameroon 1.6134 Senegal 1.6135 Madagascar 1.6136 Central African Republic 1.5137 Philippines 1.5138 Indonesia 1.4139 Tajikistan 1.4140 India 1.4141 Switzerland 1.3142 Tanzania 1.2143 Jamaica 1.2144 Papua New Guinea 1.2145 Mauritius 1.2146 Benin 1.1147 Zaire 1.1148 Ivory Coast 1.1149 Niger 1.0150 Lesotho 1.0151 Malawi 1.0152 Bangladesh 1.0153 Georgia 1.0154 Afghanistan .9155 Liberia NA156 Uzbekistan .9157 Nigeria .9158 Burkina Faso .9159 Gambia, The .9160 Mali .9161 Kenya .8162 Mozambique .7163 Ghana .4164 Barbados 0165 Haiti 0166 Iceland 0167 Eritrea —

41

Armed Forces per 1000 Persons (soldiers)ME per Soldier (dollars) 1 Japan 2094002 Kuwait 1744003 Switzerland 1736004 United States 1715005 Australia 1448006 United Kingdom 1433007 Luxembourg 1423008 Canada 1297009 Netherlands 119600

10 Sweden 11850011 Germany 11690012 Denmark 11550013 Saudi Arabia 9837014 Uzbekistan 9819015 France 9478016 Belgium 9466017 Norway 9232018 Finland 7440019 New Zealand 7402020 Argentina 7206021 Singapore 6617022 Russia 5429023 Brunei 5372024 Ireland 5303025 Cyprus 4951026 Oman 4819027 Israel 4721028 Austria 4679029 Italy 4454030 Spain 4120031 Georgia 3880032 Brazil 3825033 Croatia 3523034 Czech Republic 3482035 Portugal 3449036 Slovenia 3440037 Bahrain 3408038 Qatar 3297039 Malta 3229040 United Arab Emirates 3133041 China-Taiwan 3092042 Botswana 3006043 South Africa 2895044 Trinidad & Tobago 2718045 Libya 2630046 Tajikistan 2612047 Serbia and Montenegro NA48 Greece 2374049 Afghanistan NA50 Liberia NA51 Korea, South 2200052 Chile 2199053 China-Mainland 2168054 Papua New Guinea 2143055 Malaysia 2003056 Estonia 1967057 Suriname 1925058 Bosnia and Herzegovina NA59 Moldova 1850060 Yemen NA61 Poland 1758062 Uruguay 1638063 Kazakstan 1521064 Gambia, The 1456065 Lesotho 1413066 Thailand 1394067 Colombia 1370068 Hungary 1354069 Mexico 1326070 Ghana 1250071 Bulgaria 1248072 Indonesia 1214073 Romania 1206074 Venezuela 1138075 Syria 1114076 Slovakia 1110077 Gabon 1097078 Mauritius 10680.79 Latvia 1054080 Ecuador 1053081 Philippines 1046082 Algeria 1032083 Paraguay 1011084 Tunisia 9848

85 Iran 952586 Jamaica 948587 Turkmenistan 933388 Swaziland 916389 Belize 887990 Peru 859191 Nigeria NA92 Turkey 820793 Fiji 811794 Panama 806795 Namibia 799596 Kenya 786697 Burkina Faso 756898 Ukraine 753899 Lebanon 7457

100 Cameroon NA101 Morocco 7050102 Dominican Republic 7020103 Ivory Coast 6544104 Lithuania 6483105 Pakistan 6371106 Costa Rica 6235107 India 6190108 Egypt 6170109 Kyrgyzstan NA110 Mozambique 5781111 Zimbabwe 5770112 Korea, North 5769113 Burma 5694114 Central African Republic NA115 Senegal 5438116 Mali 5353117 Sri Lanka 5321118 Guatemala 5316119 Iraq NA120 Cuba 5000121 Congo 4808122 Zambia 4720123 Bolivia 4702124 El Salvador 4598125 Sudan NA126 Bangladesh 4361127 Jordan 4296128 Guinea 4287129 Benin 4007130 Cape Verde 3969131 Macedonia 3937132 Rwanda 3570133 Guyana 3521134 Azerbaijan 3494135 Mauritania 3343136 Sierra Leone 2891137 Belarus 2878138 Honduras 2848139 Angola 2744140 Djibouti 2743141 Nicaragua 2461142 Uganda 2445143 Togo 2337144 Niger 2330145 Malawi 2204146 Burundi 2093147 Tanzania 1994148 Equatorial Guinea 1821149 Laos 1440150 Madagascar 1324151 Armenia 1317152 Chad 1135153 Nepal 1040154 Guinea-Bissau 1028155 Cambodia 1000156 Vietnam 989157 Ethiopia 982158 Mongolia 955159 Albania 865160 Zaire 354161 Bhutan NA162 Sao Tome & Principe NA163 Somalia NA164 Barbados 0165 Haiti 0166 Iceland 0167 Eritrea —


1 Bosnia and Herzegovina NA2 Saudi Arabia 31.3 3 Egypt 16.24 Kuwait 11.65 Oman 10.8 6 Burma 10.57 Sudan 8.48 Kazakstan 7.29 Yemen NA

10 Ecuador 6.211 Korea, North 5.812 Chad 4.513 Armenia 4.514 Angola NA15 Pakistan 4.216 Turkmenistan 4.217 Georgia 4.018 United Arab Emirates NA19 Greece NA20 Afghanistan NA21 Cambodia 3.222 Slovakia 3.123 Sri Lanka 3.124 Peru 3.025 Vietnam 2.726 Qatar NA27 Chile 2.428 Fiji 2.329 Algeria 2.230 Iran 2.231 Turkey 2.032 Jordan 1.933 Thailand 1.534 Syria 1.535 Congo 1.536 Australia 1.537 Croatia 1.438 Mauritania NA39 Cyprus 1.340 India 1.241 China-Taiwan 1.242 Israel 1.143 Bahrain 1.144 Madagascar 1.045 Malaysia 1.046 Bangladesh .947 Honduras .848 South Africa .849 Korea, South .850 Cameroon .851 Venezuela .752 Guinea NA53 Bolivia .754 El Salvador .755 Spain .656 Morocco .657 China-Mainland .658 Lebanon .559 Tunisia .560 Colombia .461 Norway .462 Namibia NA63 Indonesia .464 Senegal .465 Kenya .366 Dominican Republic .367 Philippines .368 Slovenia .369 Brazil .370 Ivory Coast NA71 Poland .372 New Zealand .373 Portugal .374 Brunei NA75 Latvia .376 Belgium .277 Austria NA78 Hungary .279 Argentina .280 Estonia .281 Japan .282 Denmark .283 Uruguay .284 Lithuania .2

85 Singapore .286 Guatemala .187 United States .188 Netherlands .189 Canada .190 Finland .191 United Kingdom .192 Germany .193 France negl94 Italy negl95 Mexico negl96 Nigeria negl97 Switzerland negl98 Sweden negl99 Albania 0

100 Azerbaijan 0101 Barbados 0102 Belarus 0103 Belize 0104 Benin 0105 Bhutan 0106 Botswana 0107 Bulgaria 0108 Burkina Faso 0109 Burundi 0110 Cape Verde 0111 Central African Republic 0112 Costa Rica 0113 Cuba 0114 Czech Republic 0115 Djibouti 0116 Equatorial Guinea 0117 Eritrea 0118 Ethiopia 0119 Gabon 0120 Gambia, The 0121 Ghana 0122 Guinea-Bissau 0123 Guyana 0124 Haiti 0125 Iceland 0126 Iraq 0127 Ireland 0128 Jamaica 0129 Kyrgyzstan 0130 Laos 0131 Lesotho 0132 Liberia 0133 Libya 0134 Luxembourg 0135 Macedonia 0136 Malawi 0137 Mali 0138 Malta 0139 Mauritius 0140 Moldova 0141 Mongolia 0142 Mozambique 0143 Nepal 0144 Nicaragua 0145 Niger 0146 Panama 0147 Papua New Guinea 0148 Paraguay 0149 Romania 0150 Russia 0151 Rwanda 0152 Sao Tome & Principe 0153 Serbia and Montenegro 0154 Sierra Leone 0155 Somalia 0156 Suriname 0157 Swaziland 0158 Tajikistan 0159 Tanzania 0160 Togo 0161 Trinidad & Tobago 0162 Uganda 0163 Ukraine 0164 Uzbekistan 0165 Zaire 0166 Zambia 0167 Zimbabwe 0

42

Arms Exports / Total Exports (percent) Arms Imports / Total Imports (percent)

1 Nicaragua 7.72 Moldova 5.63 Russia 4.34 Israel 4.15 Belarus 4.06 Korea, North 3.67 Bulgaria 2.88 United States 2.79 Kyrgyzstan 2.4

10 United Kingdom 2.111 Iran 1.612 Tajikistan 1.413 Ukraine 1.414 Slovakia .815 France .816 Czech Republic .517 China-Mainland .418 Kazakstan .419 Sweden .420 South Africa .421 Argentina .322 Uzbekistan .323 Turkey .324 Romania .325 Pakistan .226 Germany .227 Poland .228 Hungary .229 Canada .130 Switzerland .131 Netherlands .132 Australia .133 Saudi Arabia NA34 Spain .135 Belgium .136 Italy .137 Slovenia .138 Malaysia negl39 Korea, South negl40 Norway negl41 Mexico negl42 Denmark negl43 United Arab Emirates NA44 New Zealand negl45 Singapore negl46 Indonesia negl47 Brazil negl48 India negl49 China-Taiwan negl50 Japan 051 Afghanistan 052 Albania 053 Algeria 054 Angola 055 Armenia 056 Austria 057 Azerbaijan 058 Bahrain 059 Bangladesh 060 Barbados 061 Belize 062 Benin 063 Bhutan 064 Bolivia 065 Bosnia and Herzegovina 066 Botswana 067 Brunei 068 Burkina Faso 069 Burma 070 Burundi 071 Cambodia 072 Cameroon 073 Cape Verde 074 Central African Republic 075 Chad 076 Chile 077 Colombia 078 Congo 079 Costa Rica 080 Croatia 081 Cuba 082 Cyprus 083 Djibouti 084 Dominican Republic 0

85 Ecuador 087 Egypt 088 El Salvador 089 Equatorial Guinea 089 Eritrea 090 Estonia 091 Ethiopia 092 Fiji 093 Finland 094 Gabon 095 Gambia, The 096 Georgia 097 Ghana 098 Greece 099 Guatemala 0

100 Guinea 0101 Guinea-Bissau 0102 Guyana 0103 Haiti 0104 Honduras 0105 Iceland 0106 Iraq 0107 Ireland 0108 Ivory Coast 0108 Jamaica 0110 Jordan 0111 Kenya 0112 Kuwait 0113 Laos 0114 Latvia 0115 Lebanon 0116 Lesotho 0117 Liberia 0118 Libya 0119 Lithuania 0120 Luxembourg 0121 Macedonia 0122 Madagascar 0123 Malawi 0124 Mali 0125 Malta 0126 Mauritania 0127 Mauritius 0128 Mongolia 0129 Morocco 0130 Mozambique 0131 Namibia 0132 Nepal 0133 Niger 0134 Nigeria 0135 Oman 0136 Panama 0137 Papua New Guinea 0138 Paraguay 0139 Peru 0140 Philippines 0141 Portugal 0142 Qatar 0143 Rwanda 0144 Sao Tome & Principe 0145 Senegal 0146 Serbia and Montenegro 0147 Sierra Leone 0148 Somalia 0149 Sri Lanka 0150 Sudan 0151 Suriname 0152 Swaziland 0153 Syria 0154 Tanzania 0155 Thailand 0156 Togo 0157 Trinidad & Tobago 0158 Tunisia 0159 Turkmenistan 0160 Uganda 0161 Uruguay 0162 Venezuela 0163 Vietnam 0164 Yemen 0165 Zaire 0166 Zambia 0167 Zimbabwe 0


1 Luxembourg 463702 Switzerland 440703 Japan 411604 Denmark 325405 Norway 293506 Austria 288607 United States 275508 Belgium 265509 France 26290

10 Germany 2619011 Iceland 2556012 Singapore 2529013 Netherlands 2524014 Sweden 2473015 Finland 2341016 United Kingdom 1902017 Canada 1900018 Australia 1892019 Italy 1885020 Israel 1707021 Kuwait 1650022 New Zealand 1631023 Brunei 1540024 Ireland 1525025 Spain 1416026 Qatar 1394027 United Arab Emirates 1332028 China-Taiwan 1239029 Cyprus 1156030 Slovenia 1155031 Portugal 1043032 Czech Republic 977933 Korea, South 943734 Bahrain 877435 Greece 869636 Argentina 790937 Malta 761938 Estonia 743139 Saudi Arabia 681540 Barbados 659341 Hungary 651942 Libya 632943 Poland 540444 Uruguay 533945 Oman 493546 Romania 451347 Russia 447848 Bulgaria 439449 Belarus 419650 Lithuania 417951 Chile 417352 Malaysia 413453 Brazil 408454 Croatia 404555 Trinidad & Tobago 373656 Slovakia 361957 Gabon 348258 Mauritius 347459 Venezuela 345760 Latvia 338361 Syria 328362 South Africa 318563 Suriname 303064 Lebanon 302065 Botswana 290366 Turkmenistan 282267 Thailand 280668 Turkey 271469 Panama 271270 Kazakstan 267871 Costa Rica 263372 Belize 259373 Mexico 252174 Armenia 245375 Iran 244976 Ukraine 242277 Fiji 241078 Peru 236379 Uzbekistan 234880 Moldova 233281 China-Mainland 230382 Colombia 210783 Cuba 206884 Tunisia 1959

85 Serbia and Montenegro 194886 Namibia 188687 Kyrgyzstan 179388 Papua New Guinea 173089 El Salvador 167190 Paraguay 164091 Jordan 153292 Georgia 150393 Ecuador 147694 Azerbaijan 144095 Dominican Republic 143896 Jamaica 137197 Algeria 136598 Guatemala 133799 Albania 1278

100 Djibouti 1170101 Morocco 1107102 Swaziland 1084103 Philippines 1052104 Burma 1043105 Tajikistan 967106 Nigeria 946107 Indonesia 931108 Macedonia 907109 Korea, North 894110 Cape Verde 875111 Bolivia 826112 Iraq NA113 Guyana 779114 Lesotho 765115 Egypt 745116 Angola 735117 Sri Lanka 699118 Liberia NA119 Yemen 683120 Honduras 672121 Congo 667122 Ivory Coast 629123 Afghanistan 593124 Cameroon 581125 Bosnia and Herzegovina NA126 Senegal 531127 Zimbabwe 516128 Guinea 492129 Pakistan 482130 Mauritania 461131 Zambia 403132 Nicaragua 379133 Rwanda 378134 Benin 365135 Laos 358136 Ghana 357137 Equatorial Guinea 357138 India 348139 Central African Republic 347140 Mongolia 344141 Haiti 304142 Vietnam 293143 Togo 278144 Cambodia 277145 Uganda 275146 Kenya 274147 Gambia, The 270148 Mali 259149 Bangladesh 240150 Sao Tome & Principe 238151 Madagascar 229152 Guinea-Bissau 225153 Burkina Faso 223154 Sudan 217155 Niger 210156 Nepal 203157 Burundi 177158 Bhutan 170159 Chad 165160 Sierra Leone 145161 Malawi 139162 Tanzania 134163 Zaire 114164 Ethiopia 96165 Somalia 88166 Mozambique 75167 Eritrea —

1 Luxembourg 180902 Denmark 144503 Belgium NA4 Norway NA5 France 125206 Austria NA7 Netherlands 117608 Sweden 117109 Switzerland NA

10 Japan NA11 Germany 989712 Italy NA13 Finland 913814 Iceland 894315 United Kingdom 791816 Brunei NA17 Israel 781518 Moldova 776619 Kuwait 753920 Qatar 655521 New Zealand 633722 United States 607723 Ireland 569424 Australia 526325 Slovenia 506226 Singapore 496627 Canada NA28 Greece 447929 Portugal NA30 Cyprus 393531 Spain 393032 Czech Republic 349933 Bahrain 319034 Malta NA35 Saudi Arabia NA36 Oman 242737 Korea, South 235838 Poland 234439 Estonia NA40 Barbados 216041 Hungary 209642 Libya NA43 Bulgaria 198844 China-Taiwan 177245 Uruguay 173346 Brazil 172247 United Arab Emirates 167548 Slovakia 158549 Belarus NA50 Croatia 133051 Trinidad & Tobago NA52 Armenia NA53 Botswana 122454 Turkmenistan NA55 South Africa 105056 Romania 103057 Lithuania 102058 Latvia NA59 Malaysia 100960 Lebanon NA61 Uzbekistan NA62 Chile 90663 Ukraine 90464 Syria NA65 Belize 83066 Russia NA67 Cuba NA68 Mauritius 79069 Gabon NA70 Jamaica 77771 Tunisia NA72 Panama NA73 Korea, North NA74 Fiji 69775 Serbia and Montenegro NA76 Kazakstan NA77 Venezuela 63378 Algeria 62779 Turkey 61280 Namibia NA81 Lesotho 58582 Cape Verde NA83 Costa Rica 55584 Suriname NA

85 Jordan 54186 Iraq NA87 Kyrgyzstan NA88 Argentina NA89 Iran NA90 Mexico 48791 Djibouti NA92 Thailand 45393 Georgia NA94 Papua New Guinea 44395 Albania 44196 Peru 44097 Azerbaijan NA98 Swaziland 40499 Colombia 342

100 Bosnia and Herzegovina NA101 Tajikistan NA102 Guyana 332103 Morocco NA104 Macedonia NA105 Egypt 311106 Paraguay 310107 Ecuador 297108 China-Mainland 287109 El Salvador 237110 Nigeria NA111 Dominican Republic 214112 Sri Lanka 204113 Congo NA114 Bolivia 197115 Indonesia 187116 Philippines 187117 Mauritania NA118 Angola NA119 Nicaragua 157120 Zimbabwe NA121 Ivory Coast NA122 Liberia NA123 Guatemala 122124 Afghanistan NA125 Pakistan 117126 Mongolia 116127 Yemen NA128 Burma 108129 Honduras 108130 Senegal NA131 Guinea NA132 Cameroon NA133 Kenya 101134 Zambia 90135 Guinea-Bissau NA136 Laos NA137 Bhutan 82138 Rwanda NA139 Gambia, The 77140 Vietnam 69141 India 66142 Mali NA143 Togo 62144 Central African Republic NA145 Uganda 48146 Equatorial Guinea NA147 Sudan 44148 Ghana NA149 Madagascar 42150 Haiti 41151 Benin NA152 Bangladesh NA153 Niger NA154 Nepal 33155 Cambodia NA156 Burundi 31157 Sao Tome & Principe NA158 Sierra Leone 31159 Chad NA160 Burkina Faso NA161 Tanzania NA162 Ethiopia NA163 Malawi NA164 Zaire 10165 Mozambique NA166 Somalia NA167 Eritrea —

43

GNP Per Capita (dollars) CGE Per Capita (dollars)


1 Moldova NA2 Korea, North NA3 Lesotho 76.54 Iraq NA5 Cape Verde NA6 Bosnia and Herzegovina NA7 Jamaica 56.78 Greece 51.59 Brunei NA

10 Italy NA11 Belgium NA12 Armenia NA13 Oman 49.214 Bhutan 47.815 France 47.616 Sweden 47.317 Qatar 47.018 Netherlands 46.619 Algeria 46.020 Israel 45.821 Kuwait 45.722 Norway NA23 Bulgaria 45.324 Denmark 44.425 Slovenia 43.826 Slovakia 43.827 Poland 43.428 Austria NA29 Uzbekistan NA30 Guyana 42.631 Botswana 42.232 Brazil 42.233 Egypt 41.734 United Kingdom 41.635 Nicaragua 41.536 Malta NA37 Turkmenistan NA38 Portugal NA39 Guinea-Bissau NA40 Djibouti NA41 Tunisia NA42 Finland 39.043 Cuba NA44 Luxembourg 39.045 New Zealand 38.946 Saudi Arabia NA47 Germany 37.848 Ireland 37.449 Ukraine 37.350 Swaziland 37.351 Kenya 37.052 Mauritania NA53 Bahrain 36.454 Czech Republic 35.855 Jordan 35.356 Tajikistan NA57 Macedonia NA58 Serbia and Montenegro NA59 Iceland 35.060 Albania 34.561 Cyprus 34.062 Mongolia 33.963 Belarus NA64 Lebanon NA65 South Africa 33.066 Trinidad & Tobago NA67 Croatia 32.968 Barbados 32.869 Uruguay 32.570 Hungary 32.271 Belize 32.072 Libya NA73 Namibia NA74 Congo NA75 Zimbabwe NA76 Estonia NA77 Azerbaijan NA78 Latvia NA79 Kyrgyzstan NA80 Georgia NA81 Morocco NA82 Sri Lanka 29.283 Fiji 28.984 Gambia, The 28.6

85 Panama NA86 Australia 27.887 Spain 27.888 Syria NA89 Papua New Guinea 25.690 Switzerland NA91 Canada NA92 Mali NA93 Korea, South 25.094 Laos NA95 Japan NA96 Malaysia 24.497 Lithuania 24.498 Pakistan 24.299 Kazakstan NA

100 Nigeria NA101 Bolivia 23.9102 Vietnam 23.5103 Romania 22.8104 Ethiopia NA105 Mauritius 22.7106 Angola NA107 Turkey 22.6108 Zambia 22.4109 Gabon NA110 Togo 22.3111 United States 22.1112 Ivory Coast NA113 Chile 21.7114 Guinea NA115 Rwanda NA116 Tanzania 21.3117 Sierra Leone 21.2118 Costa Rica 21.1119 Iran NA120 Sudan 20.2121 Ecuador 20.1122 Indonesia 20.1123 Afghanistan NA124 Senegal NA125 Singapore 19.6126 Mexico 19.3127 Liberia NA128 India 19.0129 Paraguay 18.9130 Peru 18.6131 Madagascar 18.3132 Venezuela 18.3133 Russia NA134 Cameroon NA135 Suriname NA136 Chad NA137 Philippines 17.8138 Burundi 17.7139 Uganda 17.5140 Yemen NA141 Nepal 16.4142 Colombia 16.2143 Thailand 16.2144 Niger NA145 Honduras 16.1146 Central Africa Republic NA147 Malawi NA148 Dominican Republic 14.9149 Bangladesh NA140 China-Taiwan 14.3151 El Salvador 14.2152 Haiti 13.6153 Equatorial Guinea NA154 Burkina Faso NA155 Sao Tome & Principe NA156 United Arab Emirates 12.6157 China-Mainland 12.5158 Ghana NA159 Cambodia NA160 Benin NA161 Burma 10.4162 Mozambique NA163 Guatemala 9.2164 Zaire 9.0165 Argentina NA166 Somalia NA167 Eritrea —

44

CGE/GNP (percent)

List of Countries With 1995 Rank by Variable

Afghanistan 74 104 70 + 79 88 42 43 29Albania 132 69 + + 119 110 127 140 147Algeria 57 36 30 + 58 46 35 49 100Angola 90 51 47 + 101 105 74 53 50

Argentina 25 61 60 21 17 45 31 109 16Armenia 116 62 65 + 93 77 122 150 160Australia 16 66 7 25 14 17 51 78 83

Austria 48 77 42 + 21 16 85 152 157Azerbaijan 85 49 + + 84 85 87 66 79

Bahrain 86 131 61 + 113 101 155 23 45Bangladesh 71 38 55 + 63 78 9 108 59

Barbados 157 164 + + 140 134 165 155 155Belarus 83 39 + 12 56 51 69 156 156

Belgium 26 76 20 16 18 11 72 114 146Belize 158 159 + + 159 157 166 117 128Benin 149 141 + + 134 152 97 136 63

Bhutan 163 143 + + 163 159 142 161 164Bolivia 100 89 76 + 107 111 90 89 75

Bosnia & Herzegov. 63 73 26 + 142 119 129 1 1Botswana 89 137 + + 118 102 145 24 54

Brazil 12 21 36 41 9 8 5 113 136Brunei 87 144 86 + 116 93 163 18 61

Bulgaria 60 50 + 14 59 48 84 63 110Burkina Faso 123 130 + + 132 143 70 59 23

Burma 54 18 40 + 53 75 25 38 7Burundi 131 95 + + 152 156 94 33 20

Cambodia 112 46 71 + 129 142 67 51 17Cameroon 97 94 77 + 96 109 59 98 67

Canada 13 56 32 10 11 12 36 112 104Cape Verde 161 160 + + 161 149 157 144 161

Central African Rep. 145 146 + + 151 158 126 76 41Chad 139 87 78 + 150 153 91 52 36Chile 46 44 19 + 47 56 58 41 33

China-Mainland 3 1 12 7 3 7 1 86 28China-Taiwan 11 15 3 42 19 32 45 26 8

Colombia 50 33 56 + 43 57 30 71 40Congo 130 121 79 + 141 136 133 61 74

Costa Rica 129 132 + + 89 100 123 159 152Croatia 47 63 43 + 69 70 106 10 12

Cuba 80 57 + + 65 65 65 121 135Cyprus 72 122 57 + 92 86 153 19 35

Czech Republic 44 58 + 17 35 34 71 83 107Denmark 36 91 52 33 25 20 104 101 134Djibouti 150 133 + + 160 154 159 31 65

Dominican Republic 98 96 80 + 81 104 86 131 80Ecuador 67 67 28 + 75 83 62 44 30

Egypt 40 14 2 + 54 44 16 20 48El Salvador 109 97 72 + 87 112 96 143 91

Equatorial Guinea 162 157 + + 165 165 160 116 58Eritrea — — + + — — — — —

Estonia 103 142 87 + 83 84 144 142 140Ethiopia 104 37 + + 111 115 22 91 73

Fiji 141 148 73 + 137 135 152 106 113Finland 43 86 66 + 33 25 105 96 123France 5 10 39 4 5 4 20 50 106Gabon 107 127 + + 120 122 148 73 62

Gambia, The 155 161 + + 162 163 147 29 39Georgia 94 145 81 + 97 92 102 79 88

Germany 6 17 22 5 4 3 12 100 127Ghana 113 138 + + 106 127 52 127 60Greece 22 26 10 + 38 24 68 21 69

Guatemala 95 81 88 + 77 113 64 132 47Guinea 127 114 89 + 125 126 88 125 101

Guinea-Bissau 159 139 + + 164 162 150 64 96Guyana 160 153 + + 158 150 154 135 149

Haiti 126 165 + + 135 148 92 60 25Honduras 128 106 82 + 123 132 98 128 85Hungary 62 55 67 34 45 41 73 124 131

Iceland 166 166 + + 103 91 164 166 166India 18 4 18 48 15 21 2 80 55

Indonesia 35 22 37 43 24 31 4 103 82Iran 27 12 27 9 28 36 15 69 53Iraq 52 16 + + 74 59 46 8 31

Ireland 66 112 + + 50 42 120 134 143Israel 14 30 21 6 39 29 101 11 26Italy 8 13 44 15 7 5 21 104 141

104 49 154 19 + 123 123 122 Afghanistan121 159 17 + + 99 95 60 Albania78 82 84 28 + 97 78 19 Algeria

103 139 41 13 + 116 117 105 Angola46 20 128 78 20 36 88 165 Argentina

101 151 14 12 + 74 52 12 Armenia24 5 101 35 31 18 24 86 Australia36 28 62 76 + 6 6 28 Austria84 134 26 + + 94 97 77 Azerbaijan22 37 21 42 + 34 33 53 Bahrain

153 125 152 45 + 149 152 148 Bangladesh74 164 164 + + 40 40 68 Barbados93 137 27 + 5 49 49 63 Belarus25 16 78 75 34 8 3 11 Belgium81 89 75 + + 72 65 71 Belize

152 128 146 + + 134 151 160 Benin163 161 108 + + 158 137 14 Bhutan111 122 90 52 + 111 113 100 Bolivia30 58 13 1 + 125 100 6 Bosnia & Herzegov.45 42 68 + + 65 53 31 Botswana67 32 131 68 46 53 46 32 Brazil6 23 15 73 + 23 16 9 Brunei

49 71 30 + 6 48 43 23 Bulgaria143 96 158 + + 153 160 153 Burkina Faso83 112 49 6 + 104 128 161 Burma

139 146 93 + + 157 156 137 Burundi135 155 39 20 + 144 155 159 Cambodia125 99 134 49 + 124 132 133 Cameroon33 8 117 88 28 17 27 91 Canada

130 130 124 + + 110 82 5 Cape Verde133 113 137 + + 139 144 145 Central African Rep.150 152 80 11 + 159 159 135 Chad44 52 47 26 + 51 62 112 Chile72 53 118 56 16 81 108 156 China-Mainland14 41 8 40 48 28 44 149 China-Taiwan70 67 88 59 + 82 99 141 Colombia

109 120 87 34 + 121 112 74 Congo119 105 123 + + 71 83 117 Costa Rica26 33 25 36 + 54 50 67 Croatia91 119 55 + + 83 67 43 Cuba12 25 22 38 + 29 30 61 Cyprus39 34 54 + 15 32 32 54 Czech Republic16 12 67 81 41 4 2 24 Denmark73 140 9 + + 100 91 40 Djibouti

110 101 111 65 + 95 110 147 Dominican Republic71 80 69 10 + 93 107 120 Ecuador79 107 51 3 + 115 105 33 Egypt

112 123 92 53 + 89 109 150 El Salvador148 148 102 + + 137 146 152 Equatorial Guinea— — — + + — — — Eritrea63 56 85 79 + 38 39 76 Estonia

159 157 126 + + 164 162 103 Ethiopia80 92 66 27 + 77 74 83 Fiji23 18 56 89 + 15 13 42 Finland7 15 37 92 14 9 5 15 France

59 77 40 + + 57 69 108 Gabon123 64 159 + + 147 139 84 Gambia, The89 31 153 16 + 92 93 80 Georgia20 11 83 91 25 10 11 47 Germany

149 70 163 + + 136 148 158 Ghana21 48 7 18 + 35 28 8 Greece

114 117 100 85 + 98 122 163 Guatemala141 127 132 51 + 128 131 113 Guinea144 154 58 + + 152 135 39 Guinea-Bissau128 133 110 + + 113 102 30 Guyana131 165 166 + + 141 150 152 Haiti129 138 98 46 + 120 129 144 Honduras56 68 50 77 27 41 41 70 Hungary

166 166 166 + + 11 14 59 Iceland136 106 141 39 47 138 141 127 India115 72 139 62 45 107 114 121 Indonesia68 85 52 29 10 75 89 118 Iran57 118 10 + + 112 86 4 Iraq42 24 94 + + 24 23 48 Ireland2 27 2 41 4 20 17 20 Israel

31 29 45 93 35 19 12 10 Italy

45

ME/ ME/ ME/ ME/ AF/ AI AE GNP/ CGE/ CGE/COUNTRY ME AF AI AE GNP CGE POP GNP CGE POP FRC POP TI TE POP POP GNP COUNTRY

List of Countries With 1995 Rank by Variable — continued

Ivory Coast 110 108 90 + 88 98 57 141 125Jamaica 143 149 + + 126 96 131 154 163

Japan 4 24 15 35 2 2 8 147 137Jordan 73 41 53 + 105 94 115 12 24

Kazakstan 75 90 24 36 55 60 54 149 138Kenya 96 98 83 + 98 87 37 87 112

Korea, North 21 5 45 26 67 47 39 2 11Korea, South 10 7 4 23 12 14 26 46 49

Kuwait 34 105 8 + 62 52 141 7 18Kyrgyzstan 115 113 + 44 95 90 109 145 145

Laos 120 74 + + 139 139 107 35 37Latvia 119 140 91 + 94 89 132 153 150

Lebanon 76 68 62 + 82 81 117 45 66Lesotho 144 154 + + 145 117 140 99 154Liberia 133 155 + + 144 146 136 56 42

Libya 51 53 + + 60 62 103 17 27Lithuania 117 115 92 + 76 80 118 160 158

Luxembourg 99 162 + + 71 67 161 158 159Macedonia 125 107 + + 136 129 138 47 76

Madagascar 147 100 93 + 128 133 60 151 129Malawi 152 128 + + 146 155 76 118 70

Malaysia 42 35 11 27 41 43 48 54 57Mali 134 134 + + 131 131 77 105 97

Malta 142 163 + + 130 116 162 139 151Mauritania 140 123 94 + 154 141 135 48 84Mauritius 156 158 + + 121 123 149 163 162

Mexico 45 31 74 37 20 27 11 146 124Moldova 91 116 + 28 86 35 110 93 165

Mongolia 153 101 + + 155 145 134 82 99Morocco 56 29 58 + 61 64 33 34 46

Mozambique 121 117 + + 148 161 53 22 4Namibia 124 135 95 + 127 118 143 94 105

Nepal 135 78 + + 117 128 44 148 116Netherlands 17 60 31 11 13 9 55 95 132

New Zealand 65 124 63 49 48 40 121 133 144Nicaragua 138 110 + 29 143 130 114 92 121

Niger 151 129 + + 138 144 82 137 95Nigeria 79 47 84 + 37 58 10 162 148Norway 33 80 41 38 30 22 112 68 114

Oman 55 82 17 + 85 72 137 3 10Pakistan 30 8 16 39 46 50 7 14 19Panama 111 118 + + 102 95 130 130 130

Papua New Guinea 106 146 + + 100 99 113 126 118Paraguay 102 119 + + 91 106 99 129 93

Peru 61 40 25 + 49 61 38 107 78Philippines 59 42 48 + 42 54 13 123 86

Poland 24 23 49 30 23 18 29 84 120Portugal 39 52 50 + 34 30 75 72 108

Qatar 84 125 59 + 99 82 156 32 77Romania 41 28 + 40 36 39 41 75 64

Russia 2 3 + 3 8 13 6 9 3Rwanda 105 85 + + 133 137 93 25 21

Sao Tome & Principe 165 150 + + 166 166 167 157 117Saudi Arabia 9 32 1 31 31 23 49 6 9

Senegal 118 111 96 + 115 121 83 115 89Serbia and Monteneg. 37 34 + + 68 68 66 4 5

Sierra Leone 136 109 + + 157 160 108 15 14Singapore 29 64 33 32 40 49 124 28 22

Slovakia 69 70 23 22 70 66 100 57 102Slovenia 82 126 68 50 64 63 139 122 142Somalia 164 93 + + 156 164 78 165 153

South Africa 38 45 29 18 29 28 27 90 103Spain 15 27 14 20 10 10 28 120 119

Sri Lanka 68 43 38 + 78 79 50 30 43Sudan 78 48 46 + 104 114 32 16 13

Suriname 137 156 + + 147 151 158 58 38Swaziland 148 151 + + 153 140 151 70 98

Sweden 20 72 85 8 22 15 81 67 115Switzerland 23 88 75 19 16 19 89 119 109

Syria 32 19 54 + 52 55 56 13 15Tajikistan 92 136 + 45 109 97 95 42 71Tanzania 122 84 + + 122 124 34 102 87Thailand 28 20 5 + 27 37 19 77 44

Togo 146 120 + + 149 147 111 88 72Trinidad & Tobago 114 152 + + 114 107 146 110 122

Tunisia 81 83 64 + 72 69 80 97 126

142 102 148 69 + 122 120 111 Ivory Coast127 86 143 + + 96 70 7 Jamaica27 1 127 80 49 3 10 95 Japan51 126 3 31 + 91 85 55 Jordan98 63 133 8 17 70 76 99 Kazakstan

147 95 161 64 + 146 133 51 Kenya37 111 1 128 111 109 73 2 Korea, North32 51 19 48 38 33 37 93 Korea, South1 2 28 4 + 21 19 21 Kuwait

113 108 106 + 8 87 87 79 Kyrgyzstan117 149 29 + + 135 136 94 Laos96 79 109 74 + 60 58 78 Latvia53 98 18 57 + 64 60 64 Lebanon

120 65 150 + + 114 81 3 Lesotho107 50 155 + + 118 121 126 Liberia28 45 20 + + 42 42 72 Libya

105 103 99 83 + 50 57 97 Lithuania29 7 119 + + 1 1 44 Luxembourg94 131 44 + + 108 104 57 Macedonia

160 150 136 43 + 151 149 130 Madagascar158 145 151 + + 161 163 146 Malawi50 55 57 44 37 52 59 96 Malaysia

151 115 160 + + 148 142 92 Mali62 39 114 + + 37 34 36 Malta

118 135 81 37 + 130 116 52 Mauritania124 78 145 + + 58 68 104 Mauritius100 69 129 94 40 73 90 125 Mexico75 59 113 + 2 80 18 1 Moldova

138 158 38 + + 140 125 62 Mongolia77 100 53 55 + 101 103 81 Morocco

154 109 162 + + 166 165 162 Mozambique86 94 73 61 + 86 80 73 Namibia

161 153 130 + + 156 154 140 Nepal18 9 82 87 30 13 7 18 Netherlands41 19 107 71 43 22 21 45 New Zealand

137 141 97 + 1 132 118 35 Nicaragua156 144 149 + + 155 153 143 Niger155 129 157 95 + 106 126 157 Nigeria

9 17 36 60 39 5 4 22 Norway8 26 16 5 + 45 36 13 Oman

95 104 77 14 24 129 124 98 Pakistan88 93 79 + + 69 72 85 Panama99 54 144 + + 88 94 89 Papua New Guinea

102 83 125 + + 90 106 128 Paraguay82 90 74 23 + 78 96 129 Peru

116 81 138 66 + 103 115 136 Philippines48 61 48 70 26 43 38 27 Poland35 35 42 72 + 31 29 38 Portugal15 38 11 25 + 26 20 17 Qatar52 73 32 + 23 46 56 102 Romania19 22 33 + 3 47 66 132 Russia

108 132 63 + + 133 138 114 Rwanda162 162 4 + + 150 157 154 Sao Tome & Principe

5 13 34 2 32 39 35 46 Saudi Arabia134 114 135 63 + 126 130 123 Senegal34 47 24 + + 85 75 58 Serbia and Monteneg.

132 136 104 + + 160 158 116 Sierra Leone3 21 12 84 44 12 26 124 Singapore

54 76 31 21 13 56 48 26 Slovakia43 36 71 67 36 30 25 25 Slovenia

165 163 116 + + 165 166 166 Somalia64 43 120 47 19 62 55 65 South Africa40 30 64 54 33 25 31 87 Spain92 116 60 22 + 117 111 82 Sri Lanka

122 124 105 7 + 154 147 119 Sudan61 57 76 + + 63 84 134 Suriname97 88 103 + + 102 98 50 Swaziland11 10 61 97 18 14 8 16 Sweden10 3 86 96 29 2 9 90 Switzerland38 75 5 33 + 61 64 88 Syria90 46 140 + 11 105 101 56 Tajikistan

157 147 142 + + 162 161 115 Tanzania66 66 72 32 + 67 92 142 Thailand

146 143 112 + + 143 143 109 Togo69 44 122 + + 55 51 66 Trinidad & Tobago87 84 91 58 + 84 71 41 Tunisia

46


List of Countries With 1995 Rank by Variable — continued

Turkey 19 6 13 24 26 33 17 37 32Turkmenistan 93 102 69 + 80 76 116 111 133

Uganda 101 71 + + 110 120 47 85 52Ukraine 31 11 + 13 32 26 23 62 90

United Arab Emirates 53 65 9 46 57 74 128 27 6United Kingdom 7 25 35 2 6 6 18 55 94

United States 1 2 6 1 1 1 3 39 34Uruguay 77 92 97 + 73 71 125 81 92

Uzbekistan 49 103 + 47 51 38 40 40 81Venezuela 64 54 51 + 44 53 43 138 111

Vietnam 70 9 34 + 66 73 14 74 68Yemen 58 59 + + 90 108 61 5 2

Zaire 154 75 + + 112 138 24 164 139Zambia 108 99 + + 124 125 79 65 56

Zimbabwe 88 79 + + 108 103 63 36 51

55 91 23 30 22 68 79 106 Turkey76 87 70 15 + 66 54 37 Turkmenistan

145 142 115 + + 145 145 138 Uganda65 97 35 + 12 76 63 49 Ukraine13 40 6 17 42 27 47 155 United Arab Emirates17 6 89 90 9 16 15 34 United Kingdom4 4 59 86 7 7 22 110 United States

47 62 43 82 + 44 45 69 Uruguay60 14 156 + 21 79 61 29 Uzbekistan85 74 96 50 + 59 77 131 Venezuela

140 156 46 24 + 142 140 101 Vietnam58 60 66 + + 119 127 140 Yemen

164 160 147 + + 163 164 164 Zaire126 121 121 + + 131 134 107 Zambia106 110 95 + + 127 119 75 Zimbabwe

47


+ Tied for last place with a zero value. — Unranked due to insufficient data.

TABLE I. Military Expenditures, Armed Forces, GNP, Central Government Expenditures and Population, 1985-1995By Region, Organization, and Country

YEAR

MILITARYEXPENDITURES

(ME)

Billion dollars

GROSS NATIONALPRODUCT

(GNP)

Billion dollars

CENTRALGOVERNMENTEXPENDITURES

(CGE)Billion dollars

Current CurrentConstant

1995Constant

1995Constant

1995

WORLD1985 971.0 1330.8 28070 18510 25370 7373 4836.5 5.2 18.1 275 5.8 52461986 1018.2 1359.0 28480 19590 26150 7529 4918.8 5.2 18.1 276 5.8 53171987 1050.8 1360.0 28320 20870 27010 7625 5004.4 5.0 17.8 272 5.7 53971988 1080.2 1348.7 28700 22610 28230 7643 5090.6 4.8 17.6 265 5.6 55461989 1089.0 1304.8 28580 24340 29160 7731 5176.0 4.5 16.9 252 5.5 56341990 1105.6 1270.6 27740 25820 29670 7854 5280.9 4.3 16.2 241 5.3 56181991 1048.8 1158.9 25960 26900 29720 8209 5347.7 3.9 14.1 217 4.9 55581992 973.8 1047.5 24470 26990 29030 8719 5429.9 3.6 12.0 193 4.5 53461993 912.3 956.5 23630 28060 29410 8741 5510.6 3.3 10.9 174 4.3 53371994 878.8 900.8 23460 29460 30200 8717 5590.6 3.0 10.3 161 4.2 54021995 864.5 864.5 22790 30960 30960 8774 5671.5 2.8 9.9 152 4.0 5459

DEVELOPED1985 803.2 1100.8 11920 15460 21190 6159 1215.7 5.2 17.9 905 9.8 174301986 845.3 1128.2 11940 16350 21820 6289 1224.4 5.2 17.9 921 9.8 178201987 880.7 1139.9 11960 17360 22470 6376 1232.9 5.1 17.9 925 9.7 182301988 911.4 1137.9 11920 18790 23460 6482 1241.3 4.8 17.6 917 9.6 189001989 922.3 1105.1 11590 20240 24250 6556 1250.6 4.6 16.9 884 9.3 193901990 912.3 1048.4 11000 21440 24640 6688 1275.8 4.3 15.7 822 8.6 193101991 848.4 937.4 10280 22170 24490 7083 1269.6 3.8 13.2 738 8.1 192901992 770.7 829.0 8764 21300 22910 7177 1131.8 3.6 11.6 732 7.7 202401993 732.3 767.7 8097 21940 23000 7123 1138.8 3.3 10.8 674 7.1 202001994 694.9 712.3 7962 22930 23500 7252 1145.3 3.0 9.8 622 7.0 205201995 667.8 667.8 7667 23950 23950 7260 1151.5 2.8 9.2 580 6.7 20800

DEVELOPING1985 167.8 230.0 16150 3053 4184 1214 3620.8 5.5 19.0 64 4.5 11561986 172.9 230.8 16540 3244 4330 1240 3694.4 5.3 18.6 63 4.5 11721987 170.1 220.1 16360 3505 4536 1248 3771.5 4.9 17.6 58 4.3 12031988 168.8 210.8 16780 3822 4772 1161 3849.3 4.4 18.2 55 4.4 12401989 166.6 199.7 17000 4096 4908 1174 3925.4 4.1 17.0 51 4.3 12501990 193.3 222.2 16730 4379 5033 1166 4005.1 4.4 19.1 56 4.2 12571991 200.4 221.4 15680 4731 5228 1125 4078.1 4.3 19.7 55 3.8 12821992 203.1 218.5 15700 5689 6119 1541 4298.1 3.6 14.2 51 3.7 14241993 180.1 188.8 15530 6116 6412 1617 4371.8 3.0 11.7 43 3.6 14671994 183.9 188.5 15500 6535 6699 1465 4445.3 2.8 12.9 43 3.5 15071995 196.7 196.7 15120 7010 7010 1514 4520.0 2.8 13.0 44 3.3 1551

49

ARMEDFORCES

Thousands

PEOPLE

Millions

MEGNP

%

MECGE

%

MEPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars

ARMEDFORCES

PER1000

PEOPLE

Soldiers

GNPPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars

TOTALSa

Main Statistical Tables

TABLE I. Military Expenditures, Armed Forces, GNP, Central Government Expenditures and Population, 1985-1995 — continued

YEAR


(ME)

Billion dollars


(GNP)

Billion dollars



Current CurrentConstant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

AFRICA, ALL1985 13.0 17.9 1614 293 401 122 489.1 4.5 14.7 37 3.3 8201986 13.3 17.8 1718 299 399 127 503.1 4.5 14.0 35 3.4 7931987 12.9 16.8 1765 312 403 130 517.8 4.2 12.9 32 3.4 7791988 13.4 16.8 1658 332 415 127 532.7 4.0 13.2 31 3.1 7791989 13.4 16.1 1678 358 429 126 548.0 3.8 12.8 29 3.1 7831990 14.1 16.2 1710 385 442 133 564.1 3.7 12.2 29 3.0 7841991 12.9 14.3 1616 410 453 131 580.2 3.2 10.9 25 2.8 7801992 12.6 13.6 1558 421 453 131 599.0 3.0 10.4 23 2.6 7571993 12.8 13.4 1558 429 450 151 615.5 3.0 8.9 22 2.5 7311994 11.7 12.0 1576 456 467 141 631.4 2.6 8.5 19 2.5 7401995 11.8 11.8 1538 476 476 140 649.0 2.5 8.4 18 2.4 733

—NORTH AFRICA1985 6.0 8.3 464 79 108 42 56.3 7.7 19.5 147 8.2 19121986 5.9 7.8 494 77 103 41 57.8 7.6 19.1 135 8.6 17811987 4.7 6.1 499 80 104 39 59.3 5.9 15.6 103 8.4 17501988 5.1 6.4 447 81 101 38 60.9 6.3 16.7 105 7.3 16531989 5.0 6.0 447 87 104 38 62.4 5.7 15.6 95 7.2 16711990 5.1 5.8 442 98 112 36 63.9 5.2 15.9 91 6.9 17551991 4.3 4.7 442 105 117 38 65.5 4.1 12.6 72 6.8 17801992 4.8 5.1 454 109 117 39 67.0 4.4 13.3 76 6.8 17461993 4.2 4.4 454 109 114 42 68.6 3.9 10.3 64 6.6 16601994 4.3 4.4 436 117 120 44 70.2 3.7 9.9 63 6.2 17101995 5.0 5.0 426 122 122 45 71.8 4.1 11.0 69 5.9 1696

—SUBSAHARAN AFRICA (excluding South Africa)1985 3.9 5.3 1055 131 180 42 399.5 2.9 12.5 13 2.6 4511986 4.2 5.6 1134 137 183 48 411.2 3.1 11.6 14 2.8 4441987 4.3 5.6 1164 141 183 51 423.6 3.1 11.1 13 2.7 4321988 4.2 5.2 1111 154 192 48 436.2 2.7 10.8 12 2.5 4411989 4.0 4.8 1131 167 200 48 449.3 2.4 10.1 11 2.5 4451990 4.5 5.2 1183 180 207 55 463.0 2.5 9.4 11 2.6 4461991 4.7 5.2 1094 193 213 55 476.7 2.4 9.4 11 2.3 4471992 4.6 4.9 1032 202 217 52 493.1 2.3 9.4 10 2.1 4401993 5.1 5.3 1032 204 214 68 507.2 2.5 7.8 10 2.0 4231994 4.4 4.5 1038 215 220 55 520.9 2.1 8.3 9 2.0 4231995 3.9 3.9 1012 224 224 52 536.2 1.7 7.5 7 1.9 417

50

ARMEDFORCES

Thousands

PEOPLE

Millions

MEGNP

%

MECGE

%

MEPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars

ARMEDFORCES

PER1000

PEOPLE

Soldiers

GNPPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars

BY REGIONa


YEAR


(ME)

Billion dollars


(GNP)

Billion dollars




Constant1995

Constant1995

AMERICAS:

—CENTRAL AMERICA and CARIBBEAN1985 2.3 3.2 537 68 93 30 51.2 3.5 10.8 63 10.5 18101986 2.3 3.1 538 71 95 32 52.3 3.2 9.6 59 10.3 18181987 2.3 3.0 544 76 98 28 53.3 3.1 10.9 57 10.2 18441988 2.3 2.8 531 78 98 28 54.3 2.9 10.2 52 9.8 17981989 2.4 2.8 527 82 99 27 55.4 2.9 10.4 51 9.5 17821990 2.4 2.7 495 83 96 27 56.6 2.8 10.1 48 8.7 16961991 1.9 2.2 492 81 89 23 57.7 2.4 9.4 37 8.5 15421992 1.6 1.7 356 81 87 22 58.8 2.0 7.8 29 6.1 14851993 1.4 1.5 356 82 86 21 59.9 1.7 7.1 25 5.9 14421994 1.5 1.5 283 87 89 22 61.0 1.7 6.8 25 4.6 14541995 1.2 1.2 209 92 92 23 62.1 1.3 5.3 20 3.4 1482

—NORTH AMERICA (NAFTA)1985 266.4 365.1 2467 4677 6410 1546 340.3 5.7 23.6 1073 7.2 188401986 289.7 386.6 2495 4927 6576 1557 344.3 5.9 24.8 1123 7.2 191001987 297.4 385.0 2506 5228 6767 1549 348.4 5.7 24.9 1105 7.2 194201988 302.5 377.6 2488 5630 7029 1570 352.6 5.4 24.0 1071 7.1 199401989 313.8 376.0 2483 6060 7260 1601 357.0 5.2 23.5 1053 7.0 203401990 316.4 363.6 2443 6405 7361 1672 361.7 4.9 21.8 1005 6.8 203501991 290.4 320.9 2376 6600 7293 1753 366.5 4.4 18.3 875 6.5 199001992 315.7 339.6 2176 6949 7475 1727 371.5 4.5 19.7 914 5.9 201201993 308.6 323.6 2066 7288 7640 1741 376.4 4.2 18.6 860 5.5 203001994 299.5 307.0 1965 7703 7896 1753 381.0 3.9 17.5 806 5.2 207201995 289.2 289.2 1865 8025 8025 1780 385.5 3.6 16.3 750 4.8 20820

—SOUTH AMERICA1985 13.8 18.9 1138 674 924 312 268.5 2.0 6.1 70 4.2 34411986 16.0 21.4 1155 753 1005 312 273.8 2.1 6.9 78 4.2 36721987 15.3 19.8 1194 809 1047 369 279.2 1.9 5.4 71 4.3 37491988 15.9 19.8 897 837 1045 289 284.6 1.9 6.9 70 3.1 36721989 16.4 19.7 912 869 1042 293 290.0 1.9 6.7 68 3.1 35911990 17.2 19.7 917 901 1035 269 295.1 1.9 7.3 67 3.1 35071991 16.4 18.1 896 972 1074 220 300.1 1.7 8.2 60 3.0 35791992 16.9 18.2 913 1027 1104 258 305.0 1.6 7.0 60 3.0 36211993 18.7 19.6 913 1107 1161 321 309.8 1.7 6.1 63 2.9 37471994 18.3 18.8 929 1183 1212 315 314.5 1.6 6.0 60 3.0 38551995 23.0 23.0 915 1245 1245 357 319.0 1.8 6.4 72 2.9 3901

51

ARMEDFORCES

Thousands

PEOPLE

Millions

MEGNP

%

MECGE

%

MEPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars

ARMEDFORCES

PER1000

PEOPLE

Soldiers

GNPPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars


YEAR


(ME)

Billion dollars


(GNP)

Billion dollars




Constant1995

Constant1995

ASIA:

—CENTRAL ASIA and CAUCASUS1992 2.6 2.8 220 202 217 75 69.0 1.3 3.7 40 3.2 31451993 3.4 3.5 247 186 195 68 69.7 1.8 5.2 51 3.5 27951994 3.2 3.3 167 159 163 56 70.2 2.0 5.9 47 2.4 23181995 3.5 3.5 243 152 152 53 70.7 2.3 6.7 50 3.4 2149

—EAST ASIA1985 95.0 130.2 8307 4109 5632 1045 1663.9 2.3 12.5 78 5.0 33841986 99.1 132.3 8561 4400 5873 1112 1688.8 2.3 11.9 78 5.1 34781987 102.4 132.6 8052 4818 6237 1127 1716.2 2.1 11.8 77 4.7 36341988 108.0 134.9 8349 5378 6714 1155 1743.4 2.0 11.7 77 4.8 38511989 115.9 138.8 8735 5884 7050 1233 1767.8 2.0 11.3 79 4.9 39881990 125.9 144.7 8316 6437 7398 1274 1793.0 2.0 11.4 81 4.6 41261991 130.4 144.1 8149 7087 7831 1617 1817.1 1.8 8.9 79 4.5 43101992 138.9 149.5 7602 7637 8214 1651 1840.2 1.8 9.1 81 4.1 44641993 146.3 153.3 7506 8137 8530 1768 1862.6 1.8 8.7 82 4.0 45801994 153.2 157.1 7448 8694 8912 1820 1884.7 1.8 8.6 83 4.0 47291995 165.1 165.1 7188 9294 9294 1909 1906.6 1.8 8.6 87 3.8 4875

—MIDDLE EAST1985 67.9 93.0 2541 409 561 288 161.0 16.6 32.4 578 15.8 34851986 66.4 88.7 2503 381 508 228 166.5 17.4 38.8 533 15.0 30531987 62.2 80.6 2699 399 516 193 171.7 15.6 41.8 469 15.7 30071988 59.9 74.8 3224 416 520 199 177.2 14.4 37.6 422 18.2 29331989 55.8 66.9 3203 451 541 194 182.7 12.4 34.6 366 17.5 29601990 79.5 91.4 3405 497 572 191 190.5 16.0 47.8 480 17.9 30021991 89.3 98.7 2560 524 579 194 193.6 17.0 51.0 510 13.2 29931992 81.2 87.4 2448 572 615 214 199.8 14.2 40.8 437 12.3 30771993 52.4 55.0 2448 589 618 216 205.1 8.9 25.4 268 11.9 30121994 48.5 49.7 2405 588 602 215 210.5 8.3 23.1 236 11.4 28631995 48.6 48.6 2319 616 616 206 216.3 7.9 23.6 225 10.7 2849

—SOUTH ASIA1985 7.5 10.2 1933 195 268 59 1018.8 3.8 17.3 10 1.9 2631986 8.1 10.9 1933 210 280 66 1041.0 3.9 16.5 10 1.9 2691987 9.1 11.8 1952 226 292 67 1063.4 4.0 17.7 11 1.8 2751988 9.8 12.3 2062 254 317 71 1086.1 3.9 17.3 11 1.9 2911989 10.2 12.2 2000 279 335 78 1109.2 3.7 15.7 11 1.8 3021990 10.8 12.4 2035 307 353 78 1132.3 3.5 15.9 11 1.8 3121991 10.7 11.8 2132 323 357 76 1155.0 3.3 15.5 10 1.8 3091992 11.2 12.0 2147 350 376 79 1177.7 3.2 15.2 10 1.8 3191993 12.4 13.0 2147 371 389 84 1201.0 3.3 15.6 11 1.8 3241994 13.5 13.8 2153 405 416 87 1224.2 3.3 15.8 11 1.8 3391995 13.2 13.2 2142 446 446 88 1246.9 3.0 15.0 11 1.7 358

52

ARMEDFORCES

Thousands

PEOPLE

Millions

MEGNP

%

MECGE

%

MEPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars

ARMEDFORCES

PER1000

PEOPLE

Soldiers

GNPPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars


YEAR


(ME)

Billion dollars


(GNP)

Billion dollars




Constant1995

Constant1995

EUROPE, ALL1985 499.4 684.4 9447 7864 10780 3875 820.5 6.3 17.7 834 11.5 131401986 517.3 690.5 9489 8317 11100 3997 825.6 6.2 17.3 836 11.5 134501987 542.5 702.2 9522 8745 11320 4063 830.6 6.2 17.3 845 11.5 136301988 562.3 702.0 9396 9417 11760 4110 835.5 6.0 17.1 840 11.2 140701989 554.7 664.6 8957 10060 12060 4083 841.1 5.5 16.3 790 10.6 143301990 532.4 611.8 8327 10500 12070 4114 862.8 5.1 14.9 709 9.7 139901991 489.1 540.5 7655 10590 11700 4096 852.2 4.6 13.2 634 9.0 137301992 385.1 414.3 6958 9411 10120 4455 783.4 4.1 9.3 529 8.9 129201993 347.3 364.1 6301 9504 9964 4260 784.8 3.7 8.5 464 8.0 127001994 320.1 328.2 6460 9799 10040 4192 786.8 3.3 7.8 417 8.2 127701995 299.6 299.6 6291 10200 10200 4098 788.7 2.9 7.3 380 8.0 12940

—WESTERN EUROPE1985 168.4 230.8 3790 5080 6963 2809 404.2 3.3 8.2 571 9.4 172301986 173.1 231.1 3847 5369 7166 2860 406.1 3.2 8.1 569 9.5 176501987 181.0 234.3 3872 5691 7367 2896 408.0 3.2 8.1 574 9.5 180601988 184.4 230.3 3822 6132 7656 2934 410.2 3.0 7.8 561 9.3 186601989 193.7 232.1 3715 6616 7927 2958 413.2 2.9 7.8 562 9.0 191901990 203.7 234.1 3685 7097 8157 3084 432.7 2.9 7.6 541 8.5 188501991 208.8 230.7 3567 7499 8287 3274 436.1 2.8 7.0 529 8.2 190001992 205.0 220.5 3328 7767 8355 3499 438.2 2.6 6.3 503 7.6 190701993 203.7 213.6 3182 7932 8315 3586 441.0 2.6 6.0 484 7.2 188501994 203.6 208.7 3312 8329 8538 3617 443.8 2.4 5.8 470 7.5 192401995 200.2 200.2 3181 8726 8726 3650 446.4 2.3 5.5 449 7.1 19550

—EASTERN EUROPE1985 331.0 453.6 5657 2784 3815 1067 416.4 11.9 42.5 1089 13.6 91631986 344.2 459.4 5642 2948 3935 1137 419.5 11.7 40.4 1095 13.4 93791987 361.5 467.8 5650 3054 3953 1167 422.6 11.8 40.1 1107 13.4 93531988 377.8 471.7 5574 3284 4100 1176 425.3 11.5 40.1 1109 13.1 96401989 361.0 432.5 5242 3447 4130 1125 428.0 10.5 38.4 1011 12.2 96501990 328.6 377.7 4642 3404 3912 1030 430.1 9.7 36.7 878 10.8 90961991 280.3 309.8 4088 3086 3410 822 416.1 9.1 37.7 744 9.8 81951992 180.1 193.8 3630 1644 1768 956 345.2 11.0 20.3 561 10.5 51211993 143.5 150.5 3119 1573 1649 674 343.8 9.1 22.3 438 9.1 47961994 116.6 119.5 3148 1470 1506 575 343.0 7.9 20.8 348 9.2 43921995 99.4 99.4 3110 1479 1479 448 342.3 6.7 22.2 290 9.1 4319

53

ARMEDFORCES

Thousands

PEOPLE

Millions

MEGNP

%

MECGE

%

MEPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars

ARMEDFORCES

PER1000

PEOPLE

Soldiers

GNPPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars


YEAR


(ME)

Billion dollars


(GNP)

Billion dollars




Constant1995

Constant1995

OCEANIA1985 5.7 7.8 90 225 309 95 23.1 2.5 8.2 339 3.9 133401986 5.9 7.8 89 237 317 98 23.5 2.5 8.0 334 3.8 135101987 6.4 8.3 89 255 330 98 23.8 2.5 8.4 348 3.7 138701988 6.1 7.7 91 273 340 93 24.2 2.2 8.2 317 3.7 140801989 6.3 7.6 89 289 347 96 24.5 2.2 7.9 309 3.6 141201990 6.9 7.9 88 300 345 96 24.9 2.3 8.2 318 3.5 138601991 7.5 8.2 88 315 348 101 25.3 2.4 8.2 327 3.5 137701992 7.9 8.5 88 337 362 107 25.6 2.4 8.0 333 3.4 141301993 9.0 9.4 88 362 379 110 26.0 2.5 8.5 362 3.4 145901994 9.2 9.5 77 389 399 115 26.3 2.4 8.2 360 2.9 151401995 9.3 9.3 77 409 409 120 26.7 2.3 7.7 348 2.9 15330

54

ARMEDFORCES

Thousands

PEOPLE

Millions

MEGNP

%

MECGE

%

MEPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars

ARMEDFORCES

PER1000

PEOPLE

Soldiers

GNPPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars


YEAR


(ME)

Billion dollars


(GNP)

Billion dollars




Constant1995

Constant1995

OECD1985 467.9 641.2 6580 12790 17520 5118 883.9 3.7 12.5 725 7.4 198201986 498.1 664.8 6670 13490 18000 5192 890.8 3.7 12.8 746 7.5 202101987 516.8 668.9 6705 14350 18580 5240 897.7 3.6 12.8 745 7.5 207001988 527.7 658.8 6638 15540 19400 5321 904.9 3.4 12.4 728 7.3 214401989 551.4 660.7 6526 16790 20120 5429 913.0 3.3 12.2 724 7.1 220301990 567.6 652.4 6455 17980 20660 5627 937.8 3.2 11.6 696 6.9 220301991 550.3 608.1 6270 18950 20940 6224 946.8 2.9 9.8 642 6.6 221101992 574.5 618.0 5823 19770 21270 6430 954.5 2.9 9.6 647 6.1 222801993 568.9 596.4 5567 20410 21400 6627 962.9 2.8 9.0 619 5.8 222201994 561.4 575.5 5578 21390 21930 6722 970.8 2.6 8.6 593 5.7 225901995 548.8 548.8 5353 22300 22300 6822 978.3 2.5 8.0 561 5.5 22790

OPEC1985 56.0 76.7 2031 510 699 272 370.6 11.0 28.2 207 5.5 18871986 56.4 75.3 2064 487 650 234 380.0 11.6 32.2 198 5.4 17111987 53.4 69.2 2166 508 657 200 389.8 10.5 34.5 178 5.6 16861988 52.2 65.2 2486 531 663 205 399.9 9.8 31.9 163 6.2 16591989 47.3 56.6 2445 578 692 196 410.1 8.2 28.9 138 6.0 16891990 69.8 80.2 2733 641 737 201 420.4 10.9 39.9 191 6.5 17531991 81.6 90.2 1885 689 761 208 428.4 11.8 43.4 211 4.4 17771992 70.9 76.3 1847 746 802 217 439.1 9.5 35.1 174 4.2 18271993 41.7 43.7 1835 770 807 238 449.2 5.4 18.4 97 4.1 17961994 37.4 38.3 1849 777 797 227 459.3 4.8 16.9 83 4.0 17351995 37.4 37.4 1745 815 815 219 470.0 4.6 17.1 80 3.7 1733

NATO1985 421.1 577.1 5930 9014 12350 4016 636.5 4.7 14.4 907 9.3 194101986 448.7 598.8 6024 9528 12720 4070 640.8 4.7 14.7 935 9.4 198501987 464.3 600.9 6030 10110 13080 4094 645.0 4.6 14.7 932 9.3 202801988 472.4 589.8 5959 10890 13600 4153 649.6 4.3 14.2 908 9.2 209301989 492.4 589.9 5863 11740 14060 4215 655.2 4.2 14.0 900 8.9 214601990 503.9 579.2 5777 12500 14360 4401 677.3 4.0 13.2 855 8.5 212101991 482.5 533.1 5592 13050 14420 4652 683.5 3.7 11.5 780 8.2 211001992 504.0 542.1 5153 13640 14670 4830 688.5 3.7 11.2 787 7.5 213101993 495.5 519.4 4903 14120 14800 4913 694.3 3.5 10.6 748 7.1 213201994 485.0 497.2 4895 14880 15250 4954 699.8 3.3 10.0 710 7.0 217901995 470.8 470.8 4700 15570 15570 5034 704.9 3.0 9.4 668 6.7 22090

55

ARMEDFORCES

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Millions

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%

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%

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Constant1995

Dollars

ARMEDFORCES

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PEOPLE

Soldiers

GNPPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars

BY ORGANIZATIONa


YEAR


(ME)

Billion dollars


(GNP)

Billion dollars




Constant1995

Constant1995

WARSAW PACT (Former)1985 327.1 448.3 5334 2680 3674 1056 390.3 12.2 42.5 1149 13.7 94131986 339.9 453.6 5343 2840 3791 1126 393.2 12.0 40.3 1154 13.6 96411987 357.4 462.6 5351 2956 3826 1156 396.1 12.1 40.0 1168 13.5 96601988 373.5 466.3 5280 3170 3958 1164 398.6 11.8 40.1 1170 13.2 99301989 357.7 428.6 4952 3330 3990 1116 401.0 10.7 38.4 1069 12.3 99501990 324.2 372.6 4397 3295 3786 1019 403.0 9.8 36.6 924 10.9 93941991 276.6 305.7 3854 2990 3304 811 388.9 9.3 37.7 786 9.9 84961992 178.6 192.1 3460 1788 1923 1009 387.7 10.0 19.0 496 8.9 49601993 143.2 150.1 3014 1699 1781 714 387.6 8.4 21.0 387 7.8 45951994 113.6 116.4 2933 1563 1602 605 387.5 7.3 19.2 300 7.6 41351995 96.3 96.3 3035 1560 1560 474 387.5 6.2 20.3 249 7.8 4025

NATO EUROPE1985 155.7 213.4 3603 4494 6159 2526 372.9 3.5 8.4 572 9.7 165201986 160.1 213.7 3670 4755 6347 2577 374.7 3.4 8.3 570 9.8 169401987 168.1 217.6 3665 5042 6526 2614 376.6 3.3 8.3 578 9.7 173301988 171.0 213.5 3625 5436 6786 2645 378.7 3.1 8.1 564 9.6 179201989 179.6 215.2 3534 5864 7026 2668 381.5 3.1 8.1 564 9.3 184201990 188.6 216.7 3509 6297 7237 2777 400.8 3.0 7.8 541 8.8 180601991 193.3 213.6 3391 6672 7373 2942 403.8 2.9 7.3 529 8.4 182601992 189.7 204.0 3152 6923 7446 3145 405.7 2.7 6.5 503 7.8 183501993 188.4 197.5 3012 7073 7416 3216 408.4 2.7 6.1 484 7.4 181601994 187.5 192.2 3105 7428 7614 3249 410.9 2.5 5.9 468 7.6 185301995 183.9 183.9 3010 7784 7784 3300 413.4 2.4 5.6 445 7.3 18830

LATIN AMERICA1985 17.2 23.6 1815 899 1232 398 396.3 1.9 5.9 59 4.6 31071986 19.4 25.9 1834 978 1306 407 404.4 2.0 6.4 64 4.5 32291987 18.9 24.5 1879 1048 1356 466 412.5 1.8 5.2 59 4.6 32881988 19.2 23.9 1582 1088 1359 378 420.6 1.8 6.3 57 3.8 32301989 19.9 23.8 1593 1138 1364 375 428.8 1.7 6.4 56 3.7 31801990 20.6 23.7 1586 1188 1366 344 436.8 1.7 6.9 54 3.6 31261991 19.6 21.6 1562 1274 1408 286 444.7 1.5 7.6 49 3.5 31661992 19.9 21.4 1444 1342 1443 321 452.4 1.5 6.7 47 3.2 31901993 21.7 22.7 1444 1431 1500 386 460.1 1.5 5.9 49 3.1 32601994 21.8 22.3 1387 1524 1562 385 467.7 1.4 5.8 48 3.0 33391995 26.5 26.5 1299 1574 1574 425 475.2 1.7 6.2 56 2.7 3312

COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES1992 166.8 179.5 2669 1296 1394 851 284.0 12.9 21.1 632 9.4 49081993 132.5 139.0 2385 1200 1258 533 284.5 11.0 26.1 488 8.4 44211994 101.3 103.8 2181 1038 1064 397 284.7 9.8 26.2 365 7.7 37361995 83.7 83.7 2246 994 994 269 285.0 8.4 31.1 294 7.9 3487

56

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%

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Constant1995

Dollars

ARMEDFORCES

PER1000

PEOPLE

Soldiers

GNPPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars

BY REFERENCE GROUPa


YEAR


(ME)

Million dollars


(GNP)

Million dollars


(CGE)Million dollars


Constant1995

Constant1995

Afghanistan1985 NA NA 47 1951 E 2674 E NA 13.9 NA NA NA 3.4 1921986 NA NA 47 1857 E 2478 E NA 13.9 NA NA NA 3.4 1781987 NA NA 50 NA NA NA 14.1 NA NA NA 3.6 NA1988 NA NA 55 NA NA NA 14.3 NA NA NA 3.8 NA1989 NA NA 55 2016 E 2415 E NA 14.6 NA NA NA 3.8 1651990 310 E 356E 58 NA NA NA 14.8 NA NA 24 3.9 NA1991 NA NA 45 NA NA NA 15.0 NA NA NA 3.0 NA1992 NA NA 45 NA NA NA 16.6 NA NA NA 2.7 NA1993 NA NA 45 NA NA NA 18.9 NA NA NA 2.4 NA1994 NA NA 45 NA NA NA 20.4 NA NA NA 2.2 NA1995 NA NA 20 12800 R 12800 R NA 21.6 NA NA NA 0.9 593

Albania1985 143 196 NA 2700 3700 1795 3.0 5.3 10.9 66 NA 12381986 NA NA NA 2800 3737 NA 3.0 NA NA NA NA 12261987 151 E 195E NA 2940 E 3805 E 1760 E 3.1 5.1 11.1 63 NA 12241988 157 E 196E NA 3087 E 3854 E 1720 E 3.2 5.1 11.4 62 NA 12151989 157 E 188E NA 3800 E 4553 E NA 3.2 4.1 NA 58 NA 14111990 NA NA NA 4100 E 4712 E NA 3.3 NA NA NA NA 14401991 NA NA NA 2700 E 2984 E 1547 E 3.3 NA NA NA NA 9161992 NA NA 65E 2500 E 2689 E NA 3.2 NA NA NA 20.4 8441993 NA NA 65E 3300 E 3460 E NA 3.1 NA NA NA 20.6 10991994 NA NA 75 3800 E 3895 E 1435 E 3.2 NA NA NA 23.7 12291995 45 45 52 4100 E 4100 E 1413 E 3.2 1.1 3.2 14 16.2 1278

Algeria E,b E,b1985 716 982 170 28230 38690 15630 22.2 2.5 6.3 44 7.7 17441986 840 1121 180 28690 38300 14970 22.8 2.9 7.5 49 7.9 16761987 839 1086 170 29900 38700 14210 23.5 2.8 7.6 46 7.2 16481988 981 1225 126 30090 37570 13070 24.1 3.3 9.4 51 5.2 15591989 981 1175 126 33050 39600 NA 24.7 3.0 NA 48 5.1 16021990 697 801 126 34060 39150 10430 25.4 2.0 7.7 32 5.0 15441991 582 643 126 34630 38270 NA 26.0 1.7 NA 25 4.8 14731992 689 741 139 36260 39000 12460E 26.6 1.9 5.9 28 5.2 14651993 1040 1091 139 36720 38500 NA 27.3 2.8 NA 40 5.1 14131994 1226 1257 126 36950 37880 16860E 27.9 3.3 7.5 45 4.5 13581995 1238 1238 120 38940 38940 17900E 28.5 3.2 6.9 43 4.2 1365

57

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%

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%

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Dollars

ARMEDFORCES

PER1000

PEOPLE

Soldiers

GNPPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars

BY COUNTRY


YEAR


(ME)

Million dollars


(GNP)

Million dollars




Constant1995

Constant1995

Angola E E E1985 NA NA 66 6144 8420 NA 7.6 NA NA NA 8.7 11121986 1298 1732 70 6506 8683 NA 7.8 19.9 NA 223 9.0 11201987 NA NA 74 7312 9465 NA 7.9 NA NA NA 9.4 11961988 NA NA 107 7068 8825 3841 8.1 NA NA NA 13.2 10911989 NA NA 107 7223 8655 NA 8.2 NA NA NA 13.0 10491990 NA NA 115 6903 7933 4229 8.4 NA NA NA 13.6 9411991 NA NA 150 7048 7788 NA 8.7 NA NA NA 17.3 9001992 NA NA 128 7549 8120 3706 9.1 NA NA NA 14.1 8931993 NA NA 128 5511 5778 NA 9.5 NA NA NA 13.4 6051994 453 464 120 6197 6352 NA 9.8 7.3 NA 47 12.2 6481995 225 225 82 E 7400 7400 NA 10.1 3.0 NA 22 8.1 735

Argentina1985 5599 E 7673E 129 146900 201400 62020 30.4 3.8 12.4 253 4.2 66271986 6396 E 8537E 104 164500 219600 53670 30.8 3.9 15.9 277 3.4 71301987 4574 5920 118 173600 224700 39690 31.2 2.6 14.9 190 3.8 71991988 4571 5707 95 177500 221600 25810 31.6 2.6 22.1 181 3.0 70121989 4379 5247 95 165500 198300 11660 32.0 2.6 45.0 164 3.0 61991990 3436 3949 85 181400 208500 9387 32.4 1.9 42.1 122 2.6 64371991 2769 3060 70 207900 229700 11780 32.8 1.3 26.0 93 2.1 70101992 4500 4841 65 234300 252000 14680 33.2 1.9 33.0 146 2.0 76011993 4282 4489 65 256800 269200 18110 33.5 1.7 24.8 134 1.9 80271994 4724 4842 69 278400 285400 17960 33.9 1.7 27.0 143 2.0 84151995 4684 4684 65 271200 271200 NA 34.3 1.7 NA 137 1.9 7909

Armenia P P P P P1992 NA NA 20 8846 9515 4650 3.5 NA NA NA 5.8 27581993 NA NA 21 7760 8135 NA 3.5 NA NA NA 6.1 23481994 71 73 45 8187 8393 NA 3.5 .9 NA 21 13.0 24221995 79 79 60 8498 8498 NA 3.5 .9 NA 23 17.3 2453

Australia1985 4960 6798 70 185100 253700 72180 15.8 2.7 9.4 431 4.4 160701986 5034 6719 71 195000 260300 73800 16.0 2.6 9.1 419 4.4 162501987 5534 7163 70 211100 273200 73990 16.3 2.6 9.7 440 4.3 168001988 5179 6466 71 227000 283400 71070 16.5 2.3 9.1 391 4.3 171401989 5329 6385 70 241600 289500 69980 16.8 2.2 9.1 380 4.2 172401990 5866 6741 68 250400 287800 73320 17.0 2.3 9.2 396 4.0 169001991 6719 7425 68 262900 290600 78770 17.3 2.6 9.4 430 3.9 168301992 7065 7599 68 280700 301900 83820 17.5 2.5 9.1 434 3.9 172601993 7994 8381 68 300400 314900 88340 17.7 2.7 9.5 473 3.8 177901994 8358 8567 59 323800 331900 91480 17.9 2.6 9.4 479 3.3 185501995 8401 8401 58 342100 E 342100E 95150 18.1 2.5 8.8 465 3.2 18920

58

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Constant1995

Dollars

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Soldiers

GNPPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars


YEAR


(ME)

Million dollars


(GNP)

Million dollars




Constant1995

Constant1995

Austria1985 1765 2419 40 132400 181500 73070 7.6 1.3 3.3 320 5.3 240101986 1824 2435 39 137100 183000 75580 7.6 1.3 3.2 322 5.2 241901987 1790 2317 70 143700 186000 75800 7.6 1.2 3.1 306 9.2 245501988 1762 2200 55 155000 193500 79330 7.6 1.1 2.8 290 7.2 254801989 1875 2247 48 167800 201000 78490 7.6 1.1 2.9 295 6.3 263701990 1962 2254 43 182600 209800 83350 7.7 1.1 2.7 292 5.6 271901991 1988 2197 44 194900 215400 87160 7.8 1.0 2.5 282 5.6 276301992 1960 2108 52 205000 220600 89860 7.9 1.0 2.3 268 6.6 280601993 2006 2103 NA 210300 220400 92860 7.9 1.0 2.3 266 NA 278801994 2102 2155 45 220800 226400 95880 8.0 1.0 2.2 271 5.7 284701995 2106 2106 45 230500E 230500E NA 8.0 .9 NA 264 5.6 28860

Azerbaijan P P P P P1992 208 224 43 18380 19770 5952 7.4 1.1 3.8 30 5.7 26691993 540 566 63 16580 17380 NA 7.5 3.3 NA 76 8.4 23231994 257 263 50 12850 13170 NA 7.6 2.0 NA 35 6.6 17451995 304 304 87 10960 10960 NA 7.6 2.8 NA 40 11.4 1440

Bahrain E E1985 151 206 3 3413 4677 1923 0.4 4.4 10.7 486 7.1 110301986 161 214 4 2886 3852 1816 .4 5.6 11.8 487 8.0 87551987 160 208 4 2883 3732 1846 .5 5.6 11.2 456 8.8 81981988 187 234 5 3016 3765 1159 .5 6.2 20.2 497 10.6 80071989 196 235 5 3341 4004 1774 .5 5.9 13.2 483 10.5 82411990 216 248 8 3448 3963 1829 .5 6.3 13.6 495 15.9 78981991 237 262 8 3583 3959 1698 .5 6.6 15.4 507 15.5 76621992 252 271 7 3835 4125 1764 .5 6.6 15.3 509 13.2 77651993 251 263 7 4006 4200 1577 .5 6.3 16.7 482 12.8 76901994 256 263 8 4006 4107 1560 .6 6.4 16.8 468 14.3 73191995 273 273 8 5053 5053 1837 .6 5.4 14.8 473 13.9 8774

Bangladesh1985 245 336 91 14130 19370 2587 99.8 1.7 13.0 3 0.9 1941986 257 343 91 15110 20170 NA 101.9 1.7 NA 3 .9 1981987 298 386 102 16240 21020 NA 103.9 1.8 NA 4 1.0 2021988 290 362 102 17310 21610 NA 105.9 1.7 NA 3 1.0 2041989 295 353 103 18510 22180 3330 108.0 1.6 10.6 3 1.0 2051990 317 365 103 20580 23650 NA 110.1 1.5 NA 3 .9 2151991 304 336 107 22150 24480 3989 112.2 1.4 8.4 3 1.0 2181992 345 372 107 23720 25510 4071 114.3 1.5 9.1 3 .9 2231993 433 454 107 25420 26650 4579E 116.4 1.7 9.9 4 .9 2291994 475 486 113 27130 27810 NA 118.6 1.7 NA 4 1.0 2351995 502 502 115 29010 29010 NA 120.8 1.7 NA 4 1.0 240

59

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%

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Constant1995

Dollars

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Soldiers

GNPPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars


YEAR


(ME)

Million dollars


(GNP)

Million dollars




Constant1995

Constant1995

Barbados1985 11 15 1 1088 1491 511 0.3 1.0 3.0 60 3.9 58751986 8 10 1 1228 1639 546 .3 .6 1.8 40 2.0 64501987 7 10 1 1260 1631 611 .3 .6 1.6 37 2.0 64111988 10 12 0 1365 1705 638 .3 .7 1.9 47 1.7 67021989 10 11 0 1507 1805 621 .3 .6 1.8 45 1.4 70991990 NA NA 0 1487 1709 588E .3 NA NA NA 1.8 67161991 NA NA 0 1489 1645 545E .3 NA NA NA 1.6 64601992 NA NA 0 1477 1589 522E .3 NA NA NA 1.6 62311993 12 12 0 1515 1589 548E .3 .8 2.3 49 1.6 62211994 13 13 0 1617 1657 542E .3 .8 2.4 50 0 64781995 13 13 0 1690 E 1690E 554E .3 .8 2.3 50 0 6593

Belarus P P P P P1992 NA NA 102 E 70010 75310 37280 10.3 NA NA NA 9.9 73071993 NA NA 115 65630 68800 NA 10.4 NA NA NA 11.1 66421994 491 503 108 50920 52190 NA 10.4 1.0 NA 48 10.4 50281995 331 331 115 43630 43630 NA 10.4 .8 NA 32 11.1 4196

Belgium1985 4880 6688 107 158000 216600 127200 9.9 3.1 5.3 678 10.9 219701986 5090 6794 107 165100 220400 123800 9.9 3.1 5.5 689 10.8 223501987 5242 6785 109 174100 225400 121200 9.9 3.0 5.6 687 11.0 228301988 5173 6459 110 189400 236400 121200 9.9 2.7 5.3 653 11.1 239201989 5220 6255 110 204700 245300 122800 9.9 2.5 5.1 629 11.1 246901990 5356 6155 106 219300 252100 126300 10.0 2.4 4.9 618 10.6 253001991 5520 6099 101 234800 259400 130100 10.0 2.4 4.7 610 10.1 259601992 4612 4961 79 245200 263800 134400 10.0 1.9 3.7 494 7.9 262901993 4426 4640 70 249900 262000 133400 10.1 1.8 3.5 461 6.9 260101994 4498 4611 53 261700 268200 133600 10.1 1.7 3.5 456 5.2 265401995 4449 4449 47 269100 E 269100E NA 10.1 1.7 NA 439 4.6 26550

Belize1985 3 5 1 210 288 81 0.2 1.6 5.7 28 5.4 17431986 NA NA 1 231 309 NA .2 NA NA NA 5.3 18061987 NA NA 1 264 341 NA .2 NA NA NA 5.1 19401988 4 5 1 297 370 72 .2 1.4 7.0 28 5.3 20481989 4 5 1 347 416 120 .2 1.3 4.4 28 5.1 22411990 5 6 1 408 469 129 .2 1.2 4.5 30 5.2 24701991 5 5 1 434 479 146 .2 1.1 3.6 27 5.0 24661992 6 6 1 482 519 169 .2 1.2 3.7 31 5.0 26061993 7 7 1 499 523 191 .2 1.4 3.7 35 4.9 25661994 8 9 1 533 546 176 .2 1.6 4.9 41 4.8 26131995 9 9 1 555 555 178 .2 1.6 5.0 41 4.7 2593

60

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Constant1995

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Constant1995

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Constant1995

Constant1995

Benin1985 NA NA 6 1093 1497 NA 4.0 NA NA NA 1.5 3761986 25 34 4 1149 1534 NA 4.1 2.2 NA 8 1.0 3731987 NA NA 4 1167 1511 308E 4.2 NA NA NA .9 3561988 30 38 5 1260 1573 213 4.4 2.4 17.7 9 1.1 3591989 28 34 5 1265 1516 174 4.5 2.2 19.4 7 1.0 3351990 28 32 6 1371 1576 NA 4.7 2.0 NA 7 1.3 3371991 NA NA 7 1503 1661 316E 4.8 NA NA NA 1.4 3441992 21 E 22E 6 1586 1706 NA 5.0 1.3 NA 4 1.2 3411993 26 E 27E 6 1700 1782 320E 5.2 1.5 8.6 5 1.2 3451994 41 43 6 1795 1840 NA 5.3 2.3 NA 8 1.1 3441995 24 E 24E 6 2013 2013 NA 5.5 1.2 NA 4 1.1 365

Bhutan1985 NA NA NA 105 144 87 1.4 NA NA NA NA 1021986 NA NA NA 122 163 85 1.4 NA NA NA NA 1121987 NA NA NA 163 211 NA 1.5 NA NA NA NA 1421988 NA NA NA 176 220 104 1.5 NA NA NA NA 1451989 NA NA NA 188 225 105 1.5 NA NA NA NA 1461990 NA NA NA 207 238 87 1.6 NA NA NA NA 1501991 NA NA NA 226 250 81 1.6 NA NA NA NA 1541992 NA NA 5 241 259 89 1.7 NA NA NA 3.0 1561993 NA NA 5 259 271 95 1.7 NA NA NA 2.9 1601994 NA NA 5 278 285 115 1.7 NA NA NA 2.9 1641995 NA NA 5 304 304 145 1.8 NA NA NA 2.8 170

Bolivia1985 NA NA 28 2934 4021 NA 5.8 NA NA NA 4.8 6921986 99 E 132E 30 2961 3953 586 5.9 3.3 22.6 22 5.1 6681987 143 185 30 3197 4138 552 6.0 4.5 33.5 31 5.0 6861988 148 185 28 3451 4308 670 6.1 4.3 27.7 30 4.6 7011989 135 162 30 3716 4453 754 6.3 3.6 21.5 26 4.8 7111990 145 166 30 4095 4707 886 6.4 3.5 18.8 26 4.7 7371991 116 128 33 4475 4945 917 6.5 2.6 14.0 20 5.1 7591992 104 112 32 4780 5142 1188 6.6 2.2 9.4 17 4.8 7741993 124 130 32 5100 5347 1382 6.8 2.4 9.4 19 4.7 7891994 133 137 28 5454 5591 1416 6.9 2.4 9.6 20 4.1 8101995 132 132 28 5810 5810 1386 7.0 2.3 9.5 19 4.0 826

Bosnia and Herzegovina1992 NA NA 60 NA NA NA 3.9 NA NA NA 15.2 NA1993 NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.3 NA NA NA NA NA1994 NA NA 70 NA NA NA 3.0 NA NA NA 23.5 NA1995 NA NA 50 NA NA NA 2.8 NA NA NA 18.0 NA

61

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Constant1995

Constant1995

Botswana1985 34 47 3 1352 1853 802 1.1 2.5 5.8 43 2.8 17041986 50 67 4 1450 1936 897 1.1 3.4 7.4 59 3.5 17151987 94 122 4 1709 2212 1125 1.2 5.5 10.9 104 3.4 18891988 108 135 4 1969 2458 1302 1.2 5.5 10.3 111 3.3 20241989 105 125 6 2371 2840 1257 1.3 4.4 10.0 99 4.8 22561990 151 173 6 2755 3166 1604 1.3 5.5 10.8 133 4.6 24281991 170 188 7 3197 3533 1717 1.3 5.3 11.0 141 4.9 26461992 177 190 6 3709 3990 1847 1.4 4.8 10.3 139 4.4 29201993 234 245 6 3675 3853 2026 1.4 6.4 12.1 176 4.3 27581994 235 241 8 3911 4009 1653 1.4 6.0 14.6 169 5.6 28121995 225 E 225E 8 4217 4217 1779E 1.5 5.3 12.7 155 5.2 2903

Brazil1985 3044 4172 496 371200 508700 202900 136.8 0.8 2.1 30 3.6 37181986 3912 5221 527 416800 556400 209500 139.5 .9 2.5 37 3.8 39871987 4617 5976 541 447600 579300 281400 142.3 1.0 2.1 42 3.8 40721988 6573 8207 319 461700 576500 213100 145.0 1.4 3.9 57 2.2 39761989 7614 9123 319 502200 601700 238200 147.7 1.5 3.8 62 2.2 40751990 8555 9832 295 501500 576400 214100 150.1 1.7 4.6 66 2.0 38411991 7021 7758 295 524200 579200 159900 152.3 1.3 4.9 51 1.9 38031992 6204 6674 296 533800 574200 188100 154.5 1.2 3.5 43 1.9 37161993 7913 8296 296 574400 602100 246600 156.7 1.4 3.4 53 1.9 38441994 7185 7365 296 610200 625500 237900E 158.7 1.2 3.1 46 1.9 39401995 10900 10900 285 656500 656500 276800E 160.7 1.7 3.9 68 1.8 4084

Brunei E1985 267 366 4 3357 4601 1550 0.2 8.0 23.6 1654 15.8 207801986 457 610 4 3354 4477 NA .2 13.6 NA 2202 17.9 198201987 337 436 4 3439 4451 1777 .2 9.8 24.5 1883 17.3 192301988 452 564 4 3604 4500 NA .2 12.5 NA 2363 17.6 188401989 388 465 4 3715 4452 2228 .2 10.5 20.9 1889 17.0 180701990 333 382 4 3980 4574 1897 .3 8.4 20.1 1505 16.7 180101991 NA NA 4 4290 4741 NA .3 NA NA NA 17.0 181201992 436 469 4 4362 4692 NA .3 10.0 NA 1742 14.9 174201993 NA NA 4 4297 4502 2359 .3 NA NA NA 14.4 162601994 340 348 4 4304 4412 NA .3 7.9 NA 1224 14.1 155001995 269 269 5 4500E 4500E NA .3 6.0 NA 919 17.1 15400

Bulgaria P P P P P1985 5808 7960 189 41220 56490 24470 8.9 14.1 c 32.5 c 890 21.2 63161986 6215 8295 190 43410 57950 28680 9.0 14.3 c 28.9 c 926 21.2 64681987 6451 8350 191 44870 58070 28330 9.0 14.4 c 29.5 c 931 21.3 64731988 5868 7326 160 47970 59890 23610 9.0 12.2 c 31.0 c 816 17.8 66681989 5885 7051 150 49590 59410 23730 9.0 11.9 c 29.7 c 784 16.6 66091990 3887 4467 129 45290 52050 NA 9.0 8.6 NA 498 14.4 58051991 1464 1618 107 36900 40780 NA 8.9 4.0 NA 181 12.0 45741992 1196 1286 99 36910 39700 16280 8.9 3.2 7.9 145 11.2 44761993 1040 1090 52 35960 37700 17510 8.5 2.9 6.2 128 6.1 44381994 982 1007 80 36900 37830 16480 8.5 2.7 6.1 118 9.4 44351995 1073 1073 86 37670 37670 17050 8.6 2.8 6.3 125 10.0 4394

62

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Constant1995

Constant1995

Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta)1985 24 33 9 1267 1737 177 7.9 1.9 18.7 4 1.1 2211986 39 52 9 1410 1881 234 8.1 2.8 22.2 6 1.1 2331987 34 44 9 1441 1865 254 8.3 2.4 17.3 5 1.1 2251988 38 48 8 1580 1973 309 8.5 2.4 15.4 6 .9 2311989 47 57 8 1665 1995 283 8.8 2.8 20.1 6 .9 2271990 53 61 10 1720 1977 297 9.0 3.1 20.4 7 1.1 2191991 49 54 10 1953 2158 NA 9.3 2.5 NA 6 1.1 2321992 49 53 9 2057 2213 378 9.6 2.4 14.0 6 .9 2321993 46 48 9 2089 2190 401E 9.8 2.2 12.0 5 .9 2231994 65 E 67E 9 2159 2213 NA 10.1 3.0 NA 7 .9 2191995 68 E 68E 9 2310 2310 NA 10.4 2.9 NA 7 .9 223

Burma1985 877 1202 186 28620 39220 6381 37.3 3.1 18.8 32 5.0 10511986 867 E 1158 E 186 29130 38880 6521 38.1 3.0 17.8 30 4.9 10221987 871 E 1128 E 186 28740 37200 5250 38.8 3.0 21.5 29 4.8 9591988 779 E 972 E 186 26420 32980 4099 39.5 2.9 23.7 25 4.7 8341989 993 1190 200 28450 34090 4827 40.3 3.5 24.7 30 5.0 8461990 1093 1256 230 30560 35130 5627 41.1 3.6 22.3 31 5.6 8551991 1357 E 1500 E 286 31470 34780 5096 41.9 4.3 29.4 36 6.8 8311992 1650 1775 286 45060 48470 5392 42.7 3.7 32.9 42 6.7 11361993 1520 1594 286 38420 40280 4080 43.5 4.0 39.1 37 6.6 9261994 1698 1741 370 41850 42900 4743 44.3 4.1 36.7 39 8.4 9681995 1833 E 1833 E 322 47090 E 47090E 4887E 45.1 3.9 37.5 41 7.1 1043

Burundi1985 21 28 9 694 951 135 4.8 3.0 20.8 6 1.9 1981986 25 33 10 734 980 143 5.0 3.4 23.3 7 2.0 1981987 26 34 10 793 1027 162 5.1 3.3 21.0 7 2.0 2011988 27 34 11 867 1082 174 5.3 3.1 19.3 6 2.1 2051989 24 28 11 922 1104 197 5.5 2.6 14.3 5 2.0 2021990 24 28 12 998 1147 206 5.6 2.4 13.6 5 2.1 2041991 27 29 12 1096 1211 211 5.8 2.4 13.9 5 2.1 2091992 31 E 33 E 7 1154 1241 243 5.9 2.7 13.7 6 1.2 2101993 32 E 33 E 7 1112 1166 240 6.1 2.8 13.8 5 1.2 1921994 35 E 36 E 17 1061 1087 188 6.2 3.3 19.4 6 2.7 1741995 46 46 22 1050 1050 186 5.9 4.4 24.8 8 3.7 177

Cambodia E E E E E1985 NA NA 35 NA NA NA 7.4 NA NA NA 4.7 NA1986 NA NA 60 NA NA NA 7.6 NA NA NA 7.9 NA1987 NA NA 60 779 1008 NA 7.9 NA NA NA 7.6 1281988 NA NA 60 1586 1980 NA 8.2 NA NA NA 7.4 2431989 NA NA 99 1710 2049 NA 8.4 NA NA NA 11.8 2431990 NA NA 112 1803 2072 NA 8.7 NA NA NA 12.8 2371991 71 78 112 2018 2230 NA 9.0 3.5 NA 9 12.4 2471992 108 116 135 2218 2386 NA 9.4 4.9 NA 12 14.3 2531993 80 84 102 2369 2484 NA 9.9 3.4 NA 8 10.3 2511994 NA NA 70 2520 2583 355 10.3 NA NA NA 6.8 2521995 90 90 90 2925 2925 NA 10.6 3.1 NA 9 8.5 277

63

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Constant1995

Constant1995

Cameroon1985 152 209 15 7825 10720 2501 10.2 1.9 8.3 20 1.5 10521986 188 E 251E 15 8806 11750 2780 10.5 2.1 9.0 24 1.4 11151987 179 231 15 8976 11620 2753 10.9 2.0 8.4 21 1.4 10671988 140 175 21 8445 10540 NA 11.2 1.7 NA 16 1.8 9381989 127 152 21 8933 10700 2297 11.6 1.4 6.6 13 1.8 9251990 140 161 23 8529 9802 2211 11.9 1.6 7.3 13 1.9 8231991 125 138 24 8159 9016 2108 12.3 1.5 6.5 11 2.0 7341992 129 139 12 8006 8612 1689 12.7 1.6 8.2 11 .9 6801993 150 158 12 8056 8446 1546 13.1 1.9 10.2 12 .9 6471994 147 150 12 7599 7790 NA 13.4 1.9 NA 11 .9 5791995 NA NA 22 E 8051 8051 NA 13.9 NA NA NA 1.6 581

Canada1985 7169 9825 83 319200 437400 113900 25.2 2.2 8.6 390 3.3 173701986 7636 10190 85 337600 450600 110900 25.4 2.3 9.2 402 3.4 177601987 8029 10390 86 363500 470400 111500 25.6 2.2 9.3 405 3.4 183401988 8370 10450 88 395000 493100 112500 25.9 2.1 9.3 403 3.4 190101989 8661 10380 88 420200 503500 120400 26.3 2.1 8.6 394 3.3 191401990 9187 10560 87 435700 500700 125100 26.6 2.1 8.4 397 3.3 188101991 8866 9797 86 446100 492900 127600 27.0 2.0 7.7 363 3.2 182501992 9177 9871 82 459900 494700 131100 27.4 2.0 7.5 360 3.0 180501993 9438 9895 76 483300 506700 133200 27.8 2.0 7.4 356 2.7 182201994 9408 9644 75 516500 529500 134900 28.2 1.8 7.1 342 2.7 187901995 9077 9077 70 541800 E 541800E NA 28.5 1.7 NA 318 2.5 19000

Cape Verde E1985 NA NA 6 180 247 NA 0.3 NA NA NA 18.3 7531986 NA NA 4 193 258 NA .3 NA NA NA 11.9 7691987 NA NA 4 212 275 NA .3 NA NA NA 11.6 7981988 NA NA 3 237 296 194 .4 NA NA NA 8.5 8361989 NA NA 3 260 311 NA .4 NA NA NA 8.2 8551990 NA NA 1 248 285 NA .4 NA NA NA 2.7 7601991 3 4 1 269 298 137 .4 1.3 2.8 10 2.6 7711992 3 4 1 316 340 NA .4 1.1 NA 9 2.5 8541993 3 4 1 333 349 268 .4 1.0 1.3 9 2.4 8501994 4 4 1 356 364 NA .4 1.0 NA 9 2.4 8611995 4 4 1 382 382 NA .4 1.0 NA 9 2.3 875

Central African Republic1985 NA NA 5 796 1090 306 2.5 NA NA NA 2.0 4331986 NA NA 5 854 1140 298 2.6 NA NA NA 2.0 4461987 15 E 19E 5 800 1035 292 2.6 1.8 6.4 7 1.9 3981988 NA NA 5 854 1066 278 2.7 NA NA NA 1.9 4021989 15 17 5 915 1097 265E 2.7 1.6 6.6 6 1.9 4021990 16 18 4 965 1109 NA 2.8 1.6 NA 6 1.4 3951991 NA NA 4 981 1084 270E 2.9 NA NA NA 1.4 3761992 21 E 22E 7 976 1050 NA 3.0 2.1 NA 8 2.4 3541993 24 E 25E 7 949 995 NA 3.1 2.5 NA 8 2.3 3251994 NA NA 5 1106 1134 NA 3.1 NA NA NA 1.6 3601995 NA NA 5 1115 1115 NA 3.2 NA NA NA 1.5 347

64

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Constant1995

Constant1995

Chad1985 12 17 16 617 845 279E 5.1 2.0 6.1 3 3.1 1661986 18 24 22 612 817 178 5.2 2.9 13.3 5 4.2 1571987 25 32 30 616 797 253 5.4 4.1 12.7 6 5.6 1481988 35 44 33 743 927 326 5.6 4.8 13.6 8 5.9 1671989 49 59 33 813 974 353 5.7 6.0 16.6 10 5.7 1701990 NA NA 50 838 963 313 5.9 NA NA NA 8.5 1641991 49 E 54E 50 922 1019 327 6.0 5.3 16.6 9 8.3 1691992 26 E 28E 30E 967 1040 291E 6.2 2.7 9.7 5 4.8 1671993 NA NA 30 976 1024 NA 6.4 NA NA NA 4.7 1601994 33 34 30 1038 1064 NA 6.6 3.2 NA 5 4.6 1611995 34 34 30 1117 1117 NA 6.8 3.1 NA 5 4.4 165

Chile d d1985 821 1125 124 20450 28020 9831 12.1 4.0 11.4 93 10.3 23221986 771 1030 127 22590 30150 9430 12.3 3.4 10.9 84 10.3 24591987 1040 E 1346 E 127 25420 32900 9386 12.5 4.1 14.3 108 10.1 26401988 1030 E 1286 E 96 28260 35280 10150 12.7 3.6 12.7 101 7.6 27831989 990 E 1187 E 95 32850 39360 8295 12.9 3.0 14.3 92 7.4 30511990 1154 E 1327 E 95 35500 40790 8625 13.1 3.3 15.4 101 7.2 31091991 1232 E 1362 E 90 39700 43870 9717 13.3 3.1 14.0 102 6.7 32891992 1133 1218 92 45450 48890 10410 13.6 2.5 11.7 90 6.8 36071993 1771 1857 92 50270 52700 11310 13.8 3.5 16.4 135 6.7 38291994 1832 1877 102 53210 54540 11520 14.0 3.4 16.3 134 7.3 39061995 2243 2243 102 59060 59060 12820 14.2 3.8 17.5 158 7.2 4173

China—Mainland P,R P,R P P P

1985 39010 53470 4100 798800 1095000 224500 1052.9 4.9 23.8 51 3.9 10401986 39060 52140 4030 886400 1183000 270100 1067.6 4.4 19.3 49 3.8 11081987 40530 52460 3530 1016000 1315000 269300 1085.0 4.0 19.5 48 3.3 12121988 42520 53090 3783 1175000 1467000 266100 1102.2 3.6 20.0 48 3.4 13311989 43710 52370 3903 1274000 1526000 274500 1118.1 3.4 19.1 47 3.5 13651990 48440 55660 3500 1382000 1588000 295600 1133.7 3.5 18.8 49 3.1 14011991 48210 53270 3200 1583000 1749000 307800 1148.1 3.0 17.3 46 2.8 15231992 51500 55390 3160 1855000 1995000 328600 1161.1 2.8 16.9 48 2.7 17181993 53780 56390 3031 2156000 2260000 346700 1173.6 2.5 16.3 48 2.6 19261994 57040 58470 2930 2461000 2523000 325400 1185.9 2.3 18.0 49 2.5 21271995 63510 63510 2930 2759000 2759000 343900 1198.1 2.3 18.5 53 2.4 2303

—Taiwan1985 6395 E 8765E 444 90870 124500 17530E 19.3 7.0 50.0 453 23.0 64401986 6835 E 9123E 424 105300 140600 18250E 19.6 6.5 50.0 467 21.7 71901987 5525 E 7151E 424 121900 157800 17220E 19.8 4.5 41.5 362 21.5 79861988 6665 E 8322E 406 136800 170800 26550 20.0 4.9 31.3 417 20.3 85481989 8120 E 9729E 406 153700 184200 32060 20.2 5.3 30.3 481 20.1 91141990 8938 E 10270E 370 169000 194200 NA 20.3 5.3 NA 507 18.2 95751991 9622 10630 370 188900 208800 32830E 20.5 5.1 32.4 519 18.1 101901992 10300 11080 360 206000 221600 31680E 20.7 5.0 35.0 536 17.4 107101993 11930 12500 442 224000 234800 33580E 20.9 5.3 37.2 599 21.2 112401994 11480 11770 425 242900 248900 35600E 21.1 4.7 33.1 558 20.2 118101995 13140 13140 425 263600 263600 37700E 21.3 5.0 34.9 618 20.0 12390

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Colombia1985 559 E 766E 66 35230 48290 7469 29.7 1.6 10.3 26 2.2 16271986 564 E 753E 76 38230 51020 7396 30.3 1.5 10.2 25 2.5 16821987 639 E 827E 86 41370 53550 7780 31.0 1.5 10.6 27 2.8 17281988 791 987 76 45150 56380 8368 31.7 1.8 11.8 31 2.4 17811989 977 E 1171E 91 48160 57700 9016 32.3 2.0 13.0 36 2.8 17851990 1225 1408 110 52170 59960 7573 33.0 2.3 18.6 43 3.3 18181991 1466 1620 110 55700 61550 7440 33.6 2.6 21.8 48 3.3 18301992 1377 1481 139 60280 64840 10620 34.3 2.3 13.9 43 4.1 18911993 1629 1708 139 65030 68170 10810 34.9 2.5 15.8 49 4.0 19511994 1302 1335 146 71260 73050 11340 35.6 1.8 11.8 38 4.1 20531995 2000 2000 146 76270 76270 12370E 36.2 2.6 16.2 55 4.0 2107

Congo (Brazzaville)1985 54 E 74E 15 1332 1825 802 1.9 4.0 9.2 38 7.7 9431986 71 E 95E 13 1277 1705 848 2.0 5.6 11.2 48 6.5 8571987 69 90 14 1337 1730 713 2.0 5.2 12.6 44 6.9 8471988 NA NA 15 1388 1733 757 2.1 NA NA NA 7.1 8271989 NA NA 15 1484 1778 645 2.1 NA NA NA 6.9 8271990 77 89 9 1576 1811 803 2.2 4.9 11.1 40 4.1 8221991 128 141 9 1719 1899 NA 2.3 7.4 NA 63 4.0 8421992 101 109 10 1854 1994 NA 2.3 5.5 NA 47 4.3 8631993 91 E 95E 10 1814 1902 NA 2.4 5.0 NA 40 4.2 8051994 42 43 10 1554 1593 NA 2.4 2.7 NA 18 4.1 6591995 48 48 10 E 1649 1649 NA 2.5 2.9 NA 19 4.0 667

Congo (Kinshasa) - see Zaire

Costa Rica1985 26 35 8 3942 5403 1278 2.6 0.7 2.8 13 3.0 20461986 26 35 8 4265 5692 1613 2.7 .6 2.2 13 2.9 20961987 29 38 8 4627 5989 1765 2.8 .6 2.2 14 2.9 21441988 38 48 8 5023 6271 1686 2.9 .8 2.8 17 2.8 21851989 65 78 8 5578 6683 1500E 2.9 1.2 5.2 26 2.7 22681990 75 86 8 6149 7066 1294 3.0 1.2 6.6 28 2.6 23381991 67 74 8 6500 7183 1349 3.1 1.0 5.5 24 2.6 23191992 99 106 8 7222 7768 1417 3.2 1.4 7.5 33 2.5 24491993 104 109 8 7935 8319 1518 3.2 1.3 7.2 33 2.5 25631994 98 101 8 8488 8700 1904 3.3 1.2 5.3 30 2.4 26211995 50 50 8 8930 8930 1882 3.4 .6 2.7 15 2.4 2633

Cote d'Ivoire (see Ivory Coast)

Croatia P P P P P1992 1441 1550 103 E 18610 20010 8019 4.8 7.7 19.3 320 21.3 41351993 1537 1611 NA 18570 19470 10640 4.9 8.3 15.1 330 NA 39861994 1827 1873 80 19310 19800 6719 4.9 9.5 27.9 380 16.2 40191995 2114 2114 60 20100 20100 6608 5.0 10.5 32.0 425 12.1 4045

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Constant1995

Constant1995

Cuba d d E E1985 1335 1830 297 29520 40460 NA 10.1 4.5 NA 182 29.5 40141986 1307 1744 297 31420 41940 NA 10.2 4.2 NA 172 29.2 41271987 1306 1690 297 33700 43620 NA 10.2 3.9 NA 165 29.0 42601988 1350 1685 297 34720 43350 NA 10.3 3.9 NA 163 28.7 41951989 1377 1650 297 35460 42490 NA 10.4 3.9 NA 158 28.5 40701990 1400 1609 297 33690 38720 NA 10.5 4.2 NA 153 28.1 36721991 1160 E 1282E 297 26950 29780 NA 10.6 4.3 NA 120 27.9 27981992 NA NA 175 23850 25650 NA 10.7 NA NA NA 16.3 23921993 600 E 629E 175 21460 22500 NA 10.8 2.8 NA 58 16.2 20861994 600 E 615E 140 22000 22550 NA 10.8 2.7 NA 57 12.9 20791995 350 E 350E 70 22550 22550 NA 10.9 1.6 NA 32 6.4 2068

Cyprus1985 91 125 13 3581 4908 1547 0.7 2.5 8.1 188 19.5 73791986 128 E 171E 13 3807 5081 1509 .7 3.4 11.3 254 19.3 75491987 137 177 13 4252 5503 1725 .7 3.2 10.3 261 19.1 80881988 138 172 13 4787 5976 1860 .7 2.9 9.2 259 19.6 89971989 180 216 14 5396 6465 1970 .7 3.3 11.0 322 20.6 96361990 223 257 10 6032 6932 2268 .7 3.7 11.3 377 14.7 101701991 443 489 10 6307 6969 2335 .7 7.0 20.9 705 14.4 100401992 NA NA 10 7083 7618 2491 .7 NA NA NA 14.1 107701993 262 275 NA 7383 7740 2521 .7 3.6 10.9 382 NA 107701994 369 378 NA 7908 8106 2720 .7 4.7 13.9 520 NA 111401995 495 495 10 8510 E 8510E 2897 .7 5.8 17.1 672 13.6 11560

Czechoslovakia P P P P P1985 7998 E 10960 E 210 97790 134000 41410 15.5 8.2 c 26.5 c 707 13.5 86471986 8460 E 11290 E 214 102400 136700 41520 15.5 8.3 c 27.2 c 727 13.8 87961987 8840 E 11440 E 215 106600 138000 42710 15.6 8.3 c 26.8 c 735 13.8 88601988 9131 E 11400 E 211 117100 146200 45880 15.6 7.8 c 24.8 c 730 13.5 93691989 8361 E 10020 E 175 123200 147600 29520 15.6 6.8 c 33.9 c 641 11.2 94401990 4432 R 5093 R 198 124200 142800 25260 15.7 3.6 20.2 325 12.6 91141991 2804 R 3098 R 154 108500 119900 17880E 15.7 2.6 17.3 197 9.8 76401992 NA NA 154E 107100 115200 NA 15.7 NA NA NA 9.8 7326

Czech Republic P P P P P1993 2386 2501 107 89640 93980 36040 10.3 2.7 6.9 242 10.3 91011994 2495 2558 90 93970 96330 35310 10.3 2.7 7.2 248 8.7 93281995 2368 2368 68 101000 101000 36130 10.3 2.3 6.6 229 6.6 9779

67

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Constant1995

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Constant1995

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Constant1995

Constant1995

Denmark1985 2500 3426 29 110300 151200 65540 5.1 2.3 5.2 670 5.7 295701986 2451 3271 28 117500 156800 62700 5.1 2.1 5.2 639 5.5 306201987 2654 3435 28 121800 157700 62900 5.1 2.2 5.5 670 5.5 307501988 2838 3543 30 128000 159800 66090 5.1 2.2 5.4 691 5.8 311401989 2898 3472 31 133700 160200 67130 5.1 2.2 5.2 676 6.0 312001990 3025 3477 31 141100 162100 68680 5.1 2.1 5.1 676 6.0 315401991 3210 3547 30 149100 164700 70910 5.2 2.2 5.0 688 5.8 319601992 3246 3491 28 155300 167000 73330 5.2 2.1 4.8 675 5.4 322901993 3340 3502 27 162200 170100 78050 5.2 2.1 4.5 675 5.2 327801994 3336 3420 28 173200 177600 81680 5.2 1.9 4.2 657 5.4 341001995 3118 3118 27 170100 E 170100 E 75580 5.2 1.8 4.1 596 5.2 32540

Djibouti1985 NA NA 5 442 606 221 0.3 NA NA NA 15.2 20411986 33 44 4 424 565 207 .3 7.9 21.4 146 13.8 18561987 38 E 49 E 4 436 565 NA .3 8.7 NA 157 13.4 18081988 42 E 52 E 4 482 E 601E 183 .3 8.7 28.6 159 12.8 18301989 30 36 4 518 E 621E NA .4 5.8 NA 103 11.9 17591990 36 E 41 E 4 501 E 576E 204E .4 7.1 20.1 111 11.3 15561991 44 E 49 E 3 490 542 256E .4 9.1 19.2 129 8.9 14231992 43 E 46 E 8 514 553 NA .4 8.3 NA 118 20.5 14151993 30 31 8 500 524 226E .4 6.0 13.9 78 19.9 13061994 26 27 8 496 E 509E NA .4 5.3 NA 65 19.4 12331995 22 22 8 493 E 493E NA .4 4.5 NA 52 19.0 1170

Dominican Republic1985 66 90 22 5397 7396 1135 6.5 1.2 8.0 14 3.4 11461986 78 104 21 5860 7822 1236 6.6 1.3 8.4 16 3.2 11841987 89 115 21 6412 8299 1455 6.8 1.4 7.9 17 3.1 12281988 69 86 20 6576 8210 1673 6.9 1.0 5.1 12 2.9 11881989 69 83 21 7940 9514 1456 7.1 .9 5.7 12 3.0 13471990 76 88 21 7904 9084 1034 7.2 1.0 8.5 12 2.9 12591991 59 65 21 8325 9200 879 7.4 .7 7.4 9 2.9 12491992 82 88 22 9224 9922 1403 7.5 .9 6.3 12 2.9 13211993 117 123 22 9921 10400 1901 7.7 1.2 6.5 16 2.9 13581994 122 125 22 10640 10900 1832 7.8 1.1 6.8 16 2.8 13971995 154 154 22 11430 11430 1704 7.9 1.4 9.1 19 2.8 1438

Ecuador E,b E,b1985 257 352 43 9316 12770 2080 8.9 2.8 16.9 39 4.8 14281986 282 376 44 9837 13130 2250 9.2 2.9 16.7 41 4.8 14311987 259 336 44 9624 12460 2069 9.4 2.7 16.2 36 4.7 13241988 301 376 46 11080 13840 2031 9.6 2.7 18.5 39 4.8 14341989 289 347 46 11480 13750 2112 9.9 2.5 16.4 35 4.7 13921990 392 450 53 12250 14080 2211 10.1 3.2 20.4 45 5.2 13911991 475 525 53 13650 15080 2132 10.3 3.5 24.6 51 5.1 14581992 515 554 57 14700 15810 2180 10.6 3.5 25.4 52 5.4 14971993 467 490 57 15560 16310 2330 10.8 3.0 21.0 45 5.3 15111994 574 589 57 16000 16400 2695 11.0 3.6 21.8 53 5.2 14891995 611 611 58 16600 16600 3340 11.2 3.7 18.3 54 5.2 1476

68

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Constant1995

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Constant1995

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Million dollars




Constant1995

Constant1995

Egypt1985 3129 E,b 4289E,b 466 24460 33530 19380 49.5 12.8 22.1 87 9.4 6771986 2982 E,b 3981E,b 400 25510 34050 20400 51.0 11.7 19.5 78 7.8 6681987 3075 E,b 3980E,b 450 27440 35520 17820 52.3 11.2 22.3 76 8.6 6801988 2569 E,b 3208E,b 452 32730 40860 18960 53.5 7.8 16.9 60 8.5 7641989 1630 1953 450 34910 41830 17910 54.7 4.7 10.9 36 8.2 7651990 1468 1687 434 36610 42080 16690 56.1 4.0 10.1 30 7.7 7501991 1599 1767 434 39460 43600 17630 57.5 4.1 10.0 31 7.5 7581992 1710 E 1840E 424 40970 44070 21720 58.7 4.2 8.5 31 7.2 7501993 1816 E 1904E 424 42310 44360 20410 59.9 4.3 9.3 32 7.1 7401994 1835 1881 430 44360 45470 21030E 61.1 4.1 8.9 31 7.0 7441995 2653 E 2653E 430 46490 46490 19390E 62.4 5.7 13.7 43 6.9 746

El Salvador1985 258 E 353E 48 4532 6211 1216 4.7 5.7 29.1 75 10.1 13111986 258 344 48 4645 6200 976 4.8 5.6 35.2 71 9.9 12831987 255 E 331E 49 4916 6362 933 4.9 5.2 35.4 67 9.9 12901988 232 E 289E 45 5194 6485 829 5.0 4.5 34.9 58 8.9 12891989 249 E 299E 45 5468 6552 797 5.1 4.6 37.5 58 8.8 12781990 223 E 256E 55 6016 6914 751 5.2 3.7 34.1 49 10.5 13251991 213 E 235E 60 6484 7165 902 5.3 3.3 26.1 44 11.3 13481992 143 154 49 7239 7787 1192 5.4 2.0 12.9 28 9.1 14381993 117 123 49 7979 8365 1182 5.5 1.5 10.4 22 8.9 15161994 113 116 30 8690 8908 1260 5.6 1.3 9.2 21 5.3 15851995 101 101 22 9564 9564 1358 5.7 1.1 7.4 18 3.8 1671

Equatorial Guinea1985 NA NA 3 59 81 NA 0.3 NA NA NA 9.2 2501986 NA NA 2 74 98 NA .3 NA NA NA 6.0 2951987 NA NA 2 79 102 NA .3 NA NA NA 5.9 3001988 NA NA 1 85 106 26 .4 NA NA NA 4.0 3021989 NA NA 1 88 106 26 .4 NA NA NA 3.9 2941990 NA NA 1 95 109 25 .4 NA NA NA 2.7 2971991 NA NA 1 98 108 26E .4 NA NA NA 2.6 2861992 NA NA 1 114 122 30E .4 NA NA NA 2.6 3141993 NA NA 1 126 132 NA .4 NA NA NA 2.5 3301994 3 3 1 131 135 NA .4 2.2 NA 7 2.4 3291995 2 2 1 150 150 NA .4 1.6 NA 6 3.1 357

Estonia P P P P P1992 48 52 3 10900 11720 3810 1.5 0.4 1.4 34 1.6 75871993 77 81 5 10610 11120 3269 1.5 .7 2.5 53 3.3 73291994 96 99 4 10400 10660 3368 1.5 .9 2.9 66 2.7 71181995 118 118 6 10980 10980 NA 1.5 1.1 NA 80 4.1 7431

69

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Constant1995

Constant1995

Ethiopia1985 184 252 240 2739 3753 873 40.7 6.7 28.9 6 5.9 921986 198 264 300 3069 4096 1018 41.6 6.4 25.9 6 7.2 981987 236 305 300 3591 4648 1092 43.0 6.6 28.0 7 7.0 1081988 318 397 250 3731 4658 1252 44.6 8.5 31.7 9 5.6 1041989 390 468 250 3895 4667 1425 46.4 10.0 32.8 10 5.4 1011990 472 542 250 4275 4914 1360 48.2 11.0 39.8 11 5.2 1021991 370 409 120 4115 4548 1034 49.8 9.0 39.6 8 2.4 911992 153 164 120 4087 4396 787 51.0 3.7 20.9 3 2.4 861993 139 E 145E 120 4711 4939 981 52.4 2.9 14.8 3 2.3 941994 129 132 120 4875 4997 1436 54.0 2.6 9.2 2 2.2 931995 118 118 120 E 5347 5347 NA 55.6 2.2 NA 2 2.2 96

Fiji1985 13 18 4 1001 1371 407 0.7 1.3 4.3 25 5.7 19621986 13 17 3 1110 1482 429 .7 1.2 4.0 24 3.8 20791987 23 30 3 1062 1375 394 .7 2.2 7.6 42 3.8 19111988 25 32 4 1105 1380 361 .7 2.3 8.8 44 4.8 19001989 31 38 4 1303 1562 449 .7 2.4 8.4 51 4.8 21321990 33 38 5 1446 1661 488 .7 2.3 7.7 51 6.8 22501991 34 37 5 1523 1683 434 .7 2.2 8.5 50 6.7 22621992 31 34 5 1610 1732 444 .7 1.9 7.6 45 6.7 23091993 27 28 5 1680 1762 546 .8 1.6 5.2 38 6.6 23281994 34 35 4 1773 1817 624 .8 1.9 5.5 45 5.2 23781995 32 32 4 1863 E 1863E 538 .8 1.7 6.0 42 5.2 2410

Finland1985 1482 2032 40E 86360 118400 37590 4.9 1.7 5.4 414 8.2 241501986 1662 2219 37 90610 120900 39340 4.9 1.8 5.6 451 7.4 245901987 1635 2116 37 97260 125900 41130 4.9 1.7 5.1 429 7.4 255301988 1757 2193 40 106000 132300 42100 4.9 1.7 5.2 443 8.1 267501989 1876 2247 39 116300 139400 42970 5.0 1.6 5.2 453 7.9 280801990 1965 2259 31 120700 138700 45140 5.0 1.6 5.0 453 6.2 278201991 2421 2675 32 115700 127800 51860 5.0 2.1 5.2 534 6.4 255001992 2510 2699 33 113700 122300 62210 5.0 2.2 4.3 535 6.5 242701993 2439 2557 31 114200 119700 60310 5.1 2.1 4.2 505 6.1 236301994 2559 2623 35 121300 124400 59400 5.1 2.1 4.4 516 6.9 244501995 2381 2381 32 119400 E 119400E 46600E 5.1 2.0 5.1 467 6.3 23410

France1985 35740 48990 563 894900 1226000 557000 54.9 4.0 8.8 892 10.2 223301986 36830 49160 558 944300 1260000 565900 55.1 3.9 8.7 892 10.1 228601987 39230 50780 559 996900 1290000 560800 55.4 3.9 9.1 917 10.1 233001988 40610 50700 558 1081000 1349000 584800 55.6 3.8 8.7 912 10.0 242601989 43040 51570 554 1175000 1407000 597800 56.2 3.7 8.6 918 9.9 250601990 44800 51480 550 1251000 1438000 613100 56.5 3.6 8.4 911 9.7 254601991 46970 51910 542 1311000 1449000 642700 56.8 3.6 8.1 914 9.5 255101992 46760 50300 522 1358000 1461000 664300 57.1 3.4 7.6 881 9.1 255701993 47390 49680 506 1382000 1449000 683900 57.4 3.4 7.3 865 8.8 252401994 48960 50190 506 1452000 1488000 698200 57.7 3.4 7.2 870 8.8 258101995 47770 47770 504 1521000 E 1521000E 724300 57.9 3.1 6.6 826 8.7 26290

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Constant1995

Constant1995

Gabon1985 77 105 7 2741 3757 1583 1.0 2.8 6.6 103 6.9 37001986 125 E 167E 9 2778 3708 2186E 1.0 4.5 7.6 161 8.7 35751987 109 140 9 2343 3033 NA 1.0 4.6 NA 134 8.6 28901988 133 E 166E 8 2824 3525 1083 1.1 4.7 15.3 157 7.4 33301989 110 E 132E 10 3074 3683 1047 1.1 3.6 12.6 124 8.9 34481990 110 E 126E 9 3209 3687 922 1.1 3.4 13.7 117 8.4 34221991 NA NA 10 3540 3911 1353 1.1 NA NA NA 9.2 35871992 112 E 120E 7 3550 3818 1188E 1.1 3.1 10.1 109 6.3 34511993 123 E 129E 7 3815 3999 1345E 1.1 3.2 9.6 115 6.2 35631994 89 E 91E 6 3855 3952 NA 1.1 2.3 NA 80 5.3 34701995 104 E 104E 10E 4024 4024 NA 1.2 2.6 NA 90 8.2 3482

Gambia, The1985 NA NA 1 164 225 NA 0.8 NA NA NA 1.3 2821986 NA NA 1 166 222 NA .8 NA NA NA 1.2 2681987 NA NA 1 181 234 NA .9 NA NA NA 1.2 2721988 2 E 3E 1 204 255 NA .9 1.1 NA 3 1.2 2851989 NA NA 2 224 268 61 .9 NA NA NA 1.6 2891990 2 3 2 243 279 58 1.0 .9 4.5 3 2.1 2901991 NA NA 2 285 315 73 1.0 NA NA NA 2.0 3141992 10 E 11E 1 299 322 55E 1.0 3.4 19.7 11 1.0 3091993 11 E 11E 1E 309 324 65E 1.1 3.5 17.4 11 .9 3001994 12 E 12E 1 301 308 NA 1.1 3.9 NA 11 .9 2751995 15 15 1E 314 E 314E 90E 1.2 4.6 16.2 13 .9 270

Georgia P P P P P1992 85 91 NA 10160 10930 3826 5.5 0.8 2.4 17 NA 20011993 94 99 35 7693 8065 NA 5.4 1.2 NA 18 6.5 14891994 106 109 7 8220 8426 NA 5.3 1.3 NA 20 1.3 15751995 194 194 5 7938 7938 NA 5.3 2.4 NA 37 .9 1503

Germany, East P P P P P1985 10810 14820 242 127400 174600 100300 16.7 8.5 c 14.8 c 890 14.5 104801986 11400 15210 242 132600 177000 100200 16.6 8.6 c 15.2 c 915 14.6 106401987 12110 15680 241 139100 180100 104300 16.6 8.7 c 15.0 c 942 14.5 108201988 12770 15940 242 151300 188900 109800 16.7 8.4 c 14.5 c 957 14.5 113401989 13970 16740 262 159400 191000 112400 16.5 8.8 c 14.9 c 1012 15.8 115401990e NA NA 137 134200 R 154300 R NA 16.2 NA NA NA 8.4 9502

Germanye

1985 39400 54000 495 1232000 1689000 526600 61.0 3.2 10.3 885 8.1 276701986 40200 53660 495 1294000 1728000 525800 61.1 3.1 10.2 879 8.1 282901987 41500 53720 495 1355000 1754000 536800 61.1 3.1 10.0 879 8.1 287101988 42570 53150 495 1456000 1818000 553000 61.4 2.9 9.6 866 8.1 296201989 44390 53190 503 1580000 1894000 557000 62.1 2.8 9.5 857 8.1 305001990 48540 55790 545 1738000 1998000 592300 79.4 2.8 9.4 703 6.9 251701991 46590 51480 457 1895000 2095000 685100 80.1 2.5 7.5 643 5.7 261401992 45800 49260 442 1971000 2120000 780200 80.7 2.3 6.3 610 5.5 262601993 42750 44820 398 1975000 2071000 783400 81.5 2.2 5.7 550 4.9 254001994 41020 42050 362 2079000 2131000 812700 82.3 2.0 5.2 511 4.4 258901995 41160 41160 352 2172000 2172000 820900 82.9 1.9 5.0 496 4.2 26190

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Constant1995

Constant1995

Ghana1985 30 41 15 2912 3991 567 13.1 1.0 7.2 3 1.1 3061986 29 38 9 3129 4177 612 13.6 .9 6.3 3 .7 3071987 31 40 11 3360 4349 641 14.0 .9 6.2 3 .8 3111988 17 21 16 3684 4599 673 14.4 .4 3.1 1 1.1 3201989 18 21 16 4041 4841 713 14.8 .4 3.0 1 1.1 3281990 20 23 9 4362 5013 663 15.2 .5 3.4 1 .6 3301991 29 32 9 4775 5276 733 15.6 .6 4.3 2 .6 3381992 40 43 7 5095 5480 945 16.0 .8 4.6 3 .4 3421993 67 E 70E 7 5467 5732 1215 16.5 1.2 5.8 4 .4 3481994 113 E 115E 7 5778 5922 NA 16.9 1.9 NA 7 .4 3511995 87 E 87E 7 6176 6176 NA 17.3 1.4 NA 5 .4 357

Greece1985 3898 5343 201 55500 76070 38610 9.9 7.0 13.8 538 20.2 76561986 3586 4787 202 57710 77030 38350 10.0 6.2 12.5 480 20.3 77291987 3757 4863 199 59350 76820 40860 10.0 6.3 11.9 487 19.9 76871988 4047 5052 199 64460 80480 42590 10.0 6.3 11.9 505 19.9 80441989 3994 4786 201 69240 82960 50620 10.0 5.8 9.5 477 20.0 82641990 4182 4806 201 71740 82450 54650 10.1 5.8 8.8 475 19.9 81441991 4185 4625 205 77440 85580 38850 10.3 5.4 11.9 450 19.9 83261992 4539 4882 208 80300 86380 36120 10.3 5.7 13.5 472 20.1 83511993 4621 4845 213 83480 87520 40050 10.4 5.5 12.1 466 20.5 84141994 4811 4932 206 86660 88830 52670 10.4 5.6 9.4 472 19.7 85011995 5056 5056 213 91250 E 91250E 47000E 10.5 5.5 10.8 482 20.3 8696

Guatemala1985 130 178 43 7898 10820 1049 8.4 1.6 17.0 21 5.1 12961986 100 133 43 8010 10690 1081 8.6 1.2 12.3 15 5.0 12441987 154 200 43 8604 11140 1281 8.8 1.8 15.6 23 4.8 12591988 156 195 43 9293 11600 1450 9.1 1.7 13.4 21 4.7 12741989 160 192 43 10080 12080 1634 9.4 1.6 11.7 20 4.6 12891990 162 186 43 10780 12390 1180 9.6 1.5 15.8 19 4.5 12871991 167 185 43 11740 12970 1134 9.9 1.4 16.3 19 4.3 13101992 187 201 44 12690 13650 1326 10.2 1.5 15.2 20 4.3 13421993 173 181 44 12610 13220 1399 10.4 1.4 13.0 17 4.2 12661994 182 187 34 13470 13810 1265 10.7 1.4 14.8 17 3.2 12881995 191 E 191E 36 14710 14710 1347 11.0 1.3 14.2 17 3.3 1337

Guinea1985 NA NA 28 2691E 3689E NA 5.1 NA NA NA 5.5 7281986 NA NA 24 1773 2367 529 5.2 NA NA NA 4.6 4531987 NA NA 24 2017 2611 617 5.4 NA NA NA 4.5 4871988 25 32 15 2084 2602 621 5.5 1.2 5.1 6 2.7 4741989 NA NA 15 2232 2675 661 5.6 NA NA NA 2.7 4751990 30 35 15 2450 2816 699 5.9 1.2 5.0 6 2.5 4741991 33 37 15 2658 2937 675 6.3 1.3 5.4 6 2.4 4671992 44 47 15 2848 3063 671 6.6 1.5 7.0 7 2.3 4641993 NA NA 15 3092 3242 NA 6.9 NA NA NA 2.2 4731994 51 52 12 3303 3386 NA 7.0 1.5 NA 7 1.7 4851995 51 E 51E 12 3540 3540 NA 7.2 1.5 NA 7 1.7 492

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Constant1995

Constant1995

Guinea-Bissau1985 4 5 11 130 177 108 0.9 2.9 4.7 6 12.4 2001986 3 4 11 130 173 68 .9 2.6 6.6 5 12.1 1911987 3 4 11 142 183 104 .9 2.3 4.1 5 11.8 1981988 NA NA 10 156 194 103 1.0 NA NA NA 10.5 2041989 4 5 10 169 202 116 1.0 2.3 4.0 5 10.3 2081990 NA NA 12 197 227 111 1.0 NA NA NA 12.0 2271991 NA NA 12 198 219 96 1.0 NA NA NA 11.7 2141992 7 E 7E 11 212 229 92 1.0 3.1 7.6 7 10.5 2181993 8 E 8E 11 220 230 NA 1.1 3.6 NA 8 10.3 2151994 8 8 7 236 242 NA 1.1 3.4 NA 8 6.4 2201995 7 E 7E 7 253 253 NA 1.1 2.8 NA 6 6.2 225

Guyana1985 31 43 7 362 497 574 0.8 8.7 7.5 57 9.2 6531986 NA NA 6 359 480 630 .8 NA NA NA 7.4 6321987 NA NA 5 334 433 457 .8 NA NA NA 6.6 5721988 15 19 4 347 433 421 .8 4.3 4.5 25 4.6 5751989 7 9 4 301 361 257 .8 2.4 3.3 11 4.7 4811990 5 6 4 311 358 360 .7 1.7 1.7 8 4.7 4791991 4 5 4 305 337 320 .7 1.4 1.4 6 4.7 4531992 7 8 2 391 421 272 .7 1.8 2.8 10 2.7 5701993 8 8 2 492 516 273 .7 1.6 3.1 12 2.7 7051994 8 8 2 539 552 255 .7 1.4 3.1 11 2.8 7611995 7 7 2 560 560 238 .7 1.3 3.0 10 2.8 779

Haiti1985 30 41 6 1932 2648 542 5.5 1.5 7.5 7 1.1 4831986 NA NA 8 1987 2652 470 5.6 NA NA NA 1.3 4731987 42 54 8 2028 2625 509 5.7 2.1 10.6 9 1.3 4591988 42 52 8 2102 2624 402 5.8 2.0 12.9 9 1.4 4501989 40 E 48E 9 2230 2672 390 5.9 1.8 12.4 8 1.5 4501990 39 E 45E 8 2325 2672 326 6.1 1.7 13.8 7 1.3 4411991 36 E 40E 8 2346 2592 262 6.2 1.5 15.3 6 1.3 4211992 33 E 36E 8 2058 2213 244 6.3 1.6 14.7 6 1.3 3541993 39 E 40E 8 2054 2153 201 6.4 1.9 20.1 6 1.3 3381994 44 E 45E 0 1878 1925 149 6.5 2.3 30.2 7 0 2961995 59 E 59E 0 2011 2011 274 6.6 2.9 21.6 9 0 304

Honduras1985 68 E 93E 21 1965 2693 665 4.2 3.5 14.0 22 5.0 6471986 73 E 97E 20 2023 2701 613 4.3 3.6 15.8 23 4.7 6311987 74 E 96E 20 2216 2869 576 4.4 3.3 16.7 22 4.6 6541988 66 E 82E 19 2411 3010 563 4.5 2.7 14.5 18 4.2 6731989 79 E 95E 19 2596 3110 594 4.6 3.1 16.0 21 4.1 6751990 57 66 18 2652 3048 600 4.7 2.2 11.0 14 3.8 6431991 47 52 17 2801 3096 570 4.9 1.7 9.1 11 3.5 6341992 45 49 17 3025 3254 597 5.0 1.5 8.1 10 3.4 6471993 53 E 55E 17 3423 3588 669 5.2 1.5 8.2 11 3.3 6941994 50 E 51E 17 3443 3530 623 5.3 1.4 8.1 10 3.2 6641995 51 51 18 3668 3668 590 5.5 1.4 8.7 9 3.3 672

73

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Hungary P P P P P1985 3782 E 5183E 117 52580 72060 33780 10.6 7.2 c 15.3 c 487 11.0 67671986 3915 E 5225E 116 55130 73590 38740 10.6 7.1 c 13.5 c 492 10.9 69221987 4055 E 5249E 116 57850 74880 38410 10.6 7.0 c 13.7 c 495 10.9 70561988 4396 E 5488E 117 63340 79080 40870 10.4 6.9 c 13.4 c 526 11.2 75731989 4064 E 4869E 109 64740 77580 39520 10.4 6.3 c 12.3 c 468 10.5 74611990 1277 R 1468R 94 62590 E 71940E 35990 10.4 2.0 4.1 142 9.1 69491991 1261 R 1393R 87 59260 E 65480E 27500E 10.3 2.1 5.1 135 8.4 63521992 1285 1382 78 59310 63800 25700 10.3 2.2 5.4 135 7.6 62181993 1184 1241 NA 61040 63990 21580 10.2 1.9 5.8 122 NA 62711994 1203 1233 60 63510 65100 23130 10.1 1.9 5.3 122 5.9 64201995 961 961 71 65660 65660 21110 10.1 1.5 4.6 95 7.0 6519

Iceland1985 0 0 0 4059 5564 1724 0.2 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 230501986 0 0 0 4455 5946 1892 .2 0 0 0 0 244701987 0 0 0 5038 6521 1911 .2 0 0 0 0 266501988 0 0 0 5205 6499 2160 .2 0 0 0 0 260101989 0 0 0 5379 6445 2236 .3 0 0 0 0 255001990 0 0 0 5681 6529 2170 .3 0 0 0 0 256301991 0 0 0 5991 6621 2324 .3 0 0 0 0 257801992 0 0 0 6014 6468 2265 .3 0 0 0 0 249701993 0 0 0 6184 6484 2271 .3 0 0 0 0 248201994 0 0 0 6539 6703 2422 .3 0 0 0 0 252001995 0 0 0 6851E 6851E 2398E .3 0 0 0 0 25560

India1985 5022 6883 1260 141900 194500 43900 771.7 3.5 15.7 9 1.6 2521986 5469 7300 1260 152500 203600 48730 788.1 3.6 15.0 9 1.6 2581987 5912 7652 1262 164500 212900 49240 804.7 3.6 15.5 10 1.6 2651988 6328 7901 1362 187000 233500 52750 821.6 3.4 15.0 10 1.7 2841989 6586 7892 1260 207800 248900 57650 838.5 3.2 13.7 9 1.5 2971990 6635 7626 1262 228700 262800 57940 855.6 2.9 13.2 9 1.5 3071991 6390 7061 1265 238600 263600 54740 872.3 2.7 12.9 8 1.5 3021992 6500 6991 1265 257900 277400 56510 888.6 2.5 12.4 8 1.4 3121993 7509 7872 1265 274400 287600 59500 904.7 2.7 13.2 9 1.4 3181994 8294 8502 1305 299000 306500 62080 920.7 2.8 13.7 9 1.4 3331995 7831 7831 1265 326200 326200 61800 936.5 2.4 12.7 8 1.4 348

Indonesia d d1985 1600 2193 278 66760 91500 21200 171.9 2.4 10.3 13 1.6 5321986 1733 2313 284 72970 97400 24920 175.1 2.4 9.3 13 1.6 5561987 1503 1945 284 79060 102300 22350 178.2 1.9 8.7 11 1.6 5741988 1463 1826 284 87960 109800 21910 181.4 1.7 8.3 10 1.6 6051989 1559 1868 285 100000 119800 22680 184.6 1.6 8.2 10 1.5 6491990 1699 1952 283 113400 130400 25110 187.7 1.5 7.8 10 1.5 6941991 1862 2058 278 128400 141900 24590 190.9 1.5 8.4 11 1.5 7431992 1962 2110 283 141500 152200 29180 194.0 1.4 7.2 11 1.5 7841993 2091 2192 271 156500 164100 28080 197.2 1.3 7.8 11 1.4 8321994 2364 2423 280 172200 176500 31870 200.3 1.4 7.6 12 1.4 8811995 3398 3398 280 189400 189400 38090E 203.5 1.8 8.9 17 1.4 931

74

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Iran R,b R,b1985 8523 11680 345 111000 152200 34260 47.6 7.7 34.1 246 7.3 32001986 11120 14840 345 103600 138300 28680 49.2 10.7 51.8 301 7.0 28081987 9416 12190 350 106800 138300 27210 51.2 8.8 44.8 238 6.8 27031988 8696 10860 654 105900 132200 27810 53.0 8.2 39.0 205 12.3 24931989 7422 8893 604 115300 138200 24410 54.9 6.4 36.4 162 11.0 25181990 8098 9307 440 133900 153900 30860 56.9 6.0 30.2 163 7.7 27021991 7831 8654 465 153700 169900 32660 59.1 5.1 26.5 146 7.9 28751992 5029 5410 528 167600 180300 36420 60.9 3.0 14.9 89 8.7 29611993 6041 6333 528 175800 184300 45060 62.0 3.4 14.1 102 8.5 29721994 5449 5586 528 157500 161500 41210 63.1 3.5 13.6 88 8.4 25581995 4191 4191 440 158200 E 158200 E NA 64.6 2.6 NA 65 6.8 2449

Iraq R,b R,b E E1985 12650 17340 788 30730 42110 NA 15.7 41.2 NA 1105 50.2 26831986 14870 19850 800 27120 36190 NA 16.2 54.8 NA 1222 49.2 22281987 16450 21290 900 30160 39040 NA 16.5 54.5 NA 1287 54.4 23601988 18330 22890 1000 31870 39790 NA 17.1 57.5 NA 1337 58.4 23251989 13140 15740 1000 31980 38320 NA 17.7 41.1 NA 887 56.4 21601990 14110 16210 1390 23010 26440 NA 18.4 61.3 NA 880 75.4 14351991 8776 9698 475 11720 12960 NA 17.9 74.9 NA 541 26.5 7231992 NA NA 407 15560 16740 NA 18.5 NA NA NA 22.0 9071993 NA NA 407 NA NA NA 19.2 NA NA NA 21.2 NA1994 NA NA 425 NA NA NA 19.9 NA NA NA 21.4 NA1995 NA NA 390 NA NA NA 20.6 NA NA NA 18.9 NA

Ireland1985 408 559 14 23890 32740 19140 3.5 1.7 2.9 158 4.0 92491986 422 563 14 24530 32740 18950 3.5 1.7 3.0 159 3.9 92461987 415 537 14 26560 34380 19430 3.5 1.6 2.8 152 4.0 97121988 423 528 13 28180 35180 18170 3.5 1.5 2.9 150 3.7 99681989 434 521 13 31160 37330 16470 3.5 1.4 3.2 148 3.7 106301990 538 618 13 35900 41250 18670 3.5 1.5 3.3 176 3.7 117601991 599 662 13 39080 43190 19340 3.5 1.5 3.4 187 3.7 122401992 622 669 13 41910 45080 21130 3.5 1.5 3.2 188 3.7 127001993 570 597 13 44420 46570 18150 3.6 1.3 3.3 168 3.6 130701994 639 655 17 48150 49360 19340 3.6 1.3 3.4 183 4.8 138301995 689 689 13 54450 E 54450E 20330 3.6 1.3 3.4 193 3.6 15250

Israel1985 7773 10650 195 38270 52460 39170 4.1 20.3 27.2 2614 47.9 128701986 7158 9554 180 41350 55190 34170 4.1 17.3 28.0 2309 43.5 133401987 6506 8421 180 45860 59350 34770 4.2 14.2 24.2 2004 42.8 141201988 6199 7740 191 48750 60860 33590 4.3 12.7 23.0 1812 44.7 142501989 6421 7693 191 51230 61380 30730 4.3 12.5 25.0 1771 44.0 141301990 7168 8237 190 56820 65300 33250 4.5 12.6 24.8 1826 42.1 144701991 5641 6233 190 64000 70720 27710 4.8 8.8 22.5 1311 39.9 148701992 7735 8320 181 70440 75770 35670 4.9 11.0 23.3 1685 36.7 153501993 7452 7812 181 75470 79120 35330 5.1 9.9 22.1 1543 35.8 156301994 8171 8376 185 82520 84590 37810 5.2 9.9 22.2 1615 35.7 163101995 8734 8734 185 90560 E 90560E 41470 5.3 9.6 21.1 1646 34.9 17070

75

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Italy1985 14200 19460 504 643500 881900 423600 57.1 2.2 4.6 341 8.8 154301986 15270 20380 529 679300 906700 469600 57.2 2.2 4.3 356 9.2 158401987 17600 22780 504 723000 935900 486800 57.3 2.4 4.7 397 8.8 163201988 18370 22940 506 780000 973800 464200 57.4 2.4 4.9 399 8.8 169501989 19300 23130 506 835000 1001000 490300 57.5 2.3 4.7 402 8.8 173901990 19150 22010 493 886400 1019000 505900 57.7 2.2 4.4 382 8.5 176701991 19940 22030 473 930800 1029000 517500 57.8 2.1 4.3 381 8.2 178001992 20010 21530 471 960400 1033000 552500 57.2 2.1 3.9 377 8.2 180701993 20670 21670 450 980200 1028000 559400 57.2 2.1 3.9 379 7.9 179501994 20700 21220 436 1025000 1050000 543400 57.3 2.0 3.9 370 7.6 183301995 19380 19380 435 1082000 E 1082000E NA 57.4 1.8 NA 338 7.6 18850

Ivory Coast E1985 81 111 8 6552 8980 NA 9.9 1.2 NA 11 0.8 9091986 96 E 128E 8 6727 8978 NA 10.2 1.4 NA 13 .8 8771987 133 172 8 7115 9209 NA 10.6 1.9 NA 16 .8 8681988 152 190 8 7175 8958 NA 11.0 2.1 NA 17 .7 8181989 111 133 8 7225 8657 NA 11.4 1.5 NA 12 .7 7611990 110 126 15 7391 8494 NA 11.9 1.5 NA 11 1.3 7121991 108 119 15 7629 8430 NA 12.5 1.4 NA 10 1.2 6771992 118 126 15 7838 8431 NA 12.8 1.5 NA 10 1.2 6571993 126 132 15 7954 8338 3172 13.3 1.6 4.2 10 1.1 6291994 104 E 106E 15 8236 8442 NA 13.8 1.3 NA 8 1.1 6131995 98 E 98E 15 8986 8986 NA 14.3 1.1 NA 7 1.1 629

Jamaica1985 15 20 2 1682 2305 1133 2.4 0.9 1.8 9 0.8 9721986 NA NA 3 1779 2374 950 2.4 NA NA NA 1.3 9911987 19 24 3 1947 2520 NA 2.4 1.0 NA 10 1.2 10441988 21 27 3 2302 2874 1203 2.4 .9 2.2 11 1.2 11831989 23 28 3 2472 2962 NA 2.4 .9 NA 11 1.2 12111990 25 28 3 2560 2943 867E 2.5 1.0 3.3 12 1.2 11931991 21 23 3 2670 2951 679E 2.5 .8 3.4 9 1.2 11861992 18 19 3 2970 3194 NA 2.5 .6 NA 8 1.2 12731993 24 26 3 3344 3506 NA 2.5 .7 NA 10 1.2 13861994 24 25 3 3425 3511 NA 2.6 .7 NA 10 1.2 13761995 28 28 3 3528 3528 2000E 2.6 .8 1.4 11 1.2 1371

Japan1985 27400 37550 241 2809000 3849000 669900 120.8 1.0 5.6 311 2.0 318801986 29480 39340 245 2961000 3952000 679700 121.5 1.0 5.8 324 2.0 325301987 31970 41380 244 3185000 4123000 700000 122.1 1.0 5.9 339 2.0 337701988 34740 43370 245 3509000 4381000 725400 122.6 1.0 6.0 354 2.0 357301989 37640 45110 247 3832000 4592000 777500 123.1 1.0 5.8 366 2.0 373001990 40740 46820 250 4187000 4811000 777700 123.5 1.0 6.0 379 2.0 389501991 43820 48430 250 4541000 5018000 1100000 124.0 1.0 4.4 391 2.0 404801992 46030 49510 242 4727000 5084000 1101000 124.4 1.0 4.5 398 1.9 408801993 47760 50070 242 4841000 5076000 1194000 124.7 1.0 4.2 402 1.9 407001994 49300 50540 233 4981000 5106000 NA 125.0 1.0 NA 404 1.9 408601995 50240 50240 240 5153000 E 5153000E NA 125.2 1.0 NA 401 1.9 41160

76

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Jordan1985 620 E 849E 81 4010 5495 2140 2.6 15.5 39.7 321 30.6 20771986 674 E 899E 86 4361 5821 2098 2.7 15.4 42.9 327 31.3 21181987 691 E 894E 100 4621 5981 2348 2.9 14.9 38.1 314 35.1 20981988 539 673 165 4508 5629 2195 3.0 12.0 30.7 228 55.8 19041989 423 507 190 3489 4181 1756 3.1 12.1 28.9 165 61.9 13621990 397 456 100 3613 4152 1654 3.3 11.0 27.5 139 30.5 12671991 422 466 100 3893 4302 1766 3.6 10.8 26.4 131 28.1 12081992 429 E 461E 100 4811 5175 1690 3.8 8.9 27.3 123 26.6 13761993 447 469 100 5294 5550 1871 3.9 8.4 25.0 120 25.7 14271994 437 448 100 5735 5879 2037 4.0 7.6 22.0 112 25.0 14701995 481 E 481E 112 6280 6280 2219 4.1 7.7 21.7 117 27.3 1532

Kampuchea (see Cambodia)

Kazakstan P P P P P1992 NA NA 44 71530 76940 21250 17.0 NA NA NA 2.6 45281993 NA NA 44 64730 67860 NA 17.0 NA NA NA 2.6 39871994 450 461 18 48190 49390 NA 17.0 .9 NA 27 1.1 29081995 426 426 28 45390 45390 NA 16.9 .9 NA 25 1.7 2678

Kenya1985 89 122 19 3852 5280 1446 20.1 2.3 8.4 6 0.9 2621986 95 127 20 4237 5655 1461 20.9 2.2 8.7 6 1.0 2711987 122 158 21 4616 5975 1774 21.7 2.6 8.9 7 .9 2761988 171 213 20 5056 6313 1762 22.4 3.4 12.1 10 .9 2821989 135 162 20 5526 6622 2121 23.2 2.4 7.6 7 .9 2861990 173 198 20 5942 6828 2024 23.9 2.9 9.8 8 .8 2861991 176 195 20 6230 6884 2158 24.8 2.8 9.0 8 .8 2771992 195 209 24 6406 6891 1818 25.8 3.0 11.5 8 .9 2671993 171 179 24 6403 6713 2000 26.6 2.7 8.9 7 .9 2521994 147 151 22 6930 7104 2249 27.1 2.1 6.7 6 .8 2621995 173 E 173E 22 7557 7557 2797E 27.6 2.3 6.2 6 .8 274

Korea, North R R P P1985 5260 7209 784 26300 E 36040 E NA 19.6 20.0 NA 368 40.0 18391986 5440 7261 838 27200 E 36300 E NA 19.9 20.0 NA 364 42.0 18201987 5640 7300 838 28200 E 36500 E NA 20.3 20.0 NA 360 41.3 17991988 5840 7291 842 29200 E 36460 E NA 20.6 20.0 NA 353 40.8 17651989 6000 7189 1040 30000 E 35950 E NA 21.0 20.0 NA 342 49.5 17101990 5940 6827 1200 NA NA NA 21.4 NA NA 319 56.0 NA1991 5000 5525 1200 23300 25750 NA 21.8 21.5 NA 253 55.0 11801992 5500 5916 1200 22000 23660 NA 22.2 25.0 NA 266 54.0 10651993 5300 5556 1200 21300 22330 NA 22.6 24.9 NA 245 53.0 9861994 5500 5638 1200 21300 21830 NA 23.1 25.8 NA 244 52.0 9471995 6000 6000 1040 21000 21000 NA 23.5 28.6 NA 255 44.3 894

77

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Korea, South1985 6507 8919 600 130400 178700 33510 40.8 5.0 26.6 219 14.7 43801986 7065 9430 604 150100 200400 34350 41.4 4.7 27.5 228 14.6 48431987 7356 9522 604 174400 225700 37400 41.9 4.2 25.5 227 14.4 53891988 8131 10150 626 202800 253200 40240 42.4 4.0 25.2 240 14.8 59781989 9337 11190 647 226100 270900 47020 42.8 4.1 23.8 261 15.1 63301990 10780 12390 650 258700 297300 55530 42.9 4.2 22.3 289 15.2 69351991 10820 11950 750 293700 324500 61060 43.2 3.7 19.6 276 17.3 75041992 11840 12740 750 316700 340700 64210 43.7 3.7 19.8 292 17.2 78031993 12450 13050 750 343300 359900 66890 44.1 3.6 19.5 296 17.0 81611994 13930 14280 750 380400 389900 82040 44.6 3.7 17.4 321 16.8 87511995 14410 14410 655 424800 E 424800E 106100 45.0 3.4 13.6 320 14.5 9437

Kuwait E E1985 1501 2057 16 26260 35990 15180 1.7 5.7 13.6 1196 9.3 209301986 1280 1708 18 24740 33030 13690 1.8 5.2 12.5 949 10.0 183501987 1243 1609 20 25930 33560 11480 1.9 4.8 14.0 856 10.6 178501988 1253 1565 15 25790 32190 11290 2.0 4.9 13.9 798 7.6 164101989 1933 2316 20 31840 38150 11650 2.0 6.1 19.9 1133 9.9 186501990 13170 E 15130E 7 24820 28520 11290 2.1 53.1 134.0 7111 3.3 134001991 15950 E 17620E 10 15660 17300 24580 .9 101.8 71.7 18610 10.6 182701992 18990 E 20430E 12 24680 26540 21210 1.4 77.0 96.3 14630 8.6 190101993 3585 E 3759E 12 27750 29090 15380 1.5 12.9 24.4 2445 7.8 189301994 3069 3146 15 27720 28410 14190 1.7 11.1 22.2 1874 8.9 169201995 3488 3488 20 29990 29990 13700 1.8 11.6 25.5 1919 11.0 16500

Kyrgyzstan P P P P P1992 47 51 12 12120 13040 4421 4.5 0.4 1.1 11 2.6 28781993 51 53 12 10920 11450 NA 4.6 .5 NA 12 2.6 25151994 57 58 9 7980 8180 NA 4.5 .7 NA 13 2.0 18001995 NA NA 13 8127 8127 NA 4.5 NA NA NA 2.9 1793

Laos E1985 55 E 75E 54 740 1014 NA 3.7 7.4 NA 21 14.8 2771986 NA NA 56 788 1052 NA 3.8 NA NA NA 14.9 2801987 NA NA 56 802 1038 NA 3.9 NA NA NA 14.5 2691988 NA NA 56 812 1014 NA 4.0 NA NA NA 14.1 2561989 NA NA 56 970 1162 NA 4.1 NA NA NA 13.8 2851990 NA NA 55 1087 1249 NA 4.2 NA NA NA 13.1 2981991 NA NA 53 1169 1292 NA 4.3 NA NA NA 12.3 2991992 110 118 37 1287 1384 NA 4.4 8.5 NA 27 8.3 3121993 110 115 37 1392 1459 NA 4.6 7.9 NA 25 8.1 3191994 78 E 80E 45 1539 1578 359 4.7 5.1 22.3 17 9.6 3361995 72 E 72E 50 1734 1734 NA 4.8 4.2 NA 15 10.3 358

Latvia P P P P P1992 NA NA 5 9920 10670 3403 2.6 NA NA NA 1.9 40541993 73 76 5 8445 8853 NA 2.6 .9 NA 29 1.9 34231994 112 114 6 8479 8692 NA 2.5 1.3 NA 45 2.4 34131995 74 74 7 8479 8479 NA 2.5 .9 NA 29 2.8 3383

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Constant1995

Lebanon1985 NA NA 21 1446 E 1982E NA 3.2 NA NA NA 6.5 6181986 NA NA 36 1443 E 1926E NA 3.2 NA NA NA 11.2 5981987 NA NA 37 1106 E 1431E 952E 3.2 NA NA NA 11.4 4411988 NA NA 20 NA NA NA 3.3 NA NA NA 6.1 NA1989 NA NA 18 7832 9384 NA 3.3 NA NA NA 5.5 28411990 262 E 301E 36 6598 7583 2147E 3.4 4.0 14.0 89 10.7 22521991 289 E 319E 36 8478 9368 2471E 3.4 3.4 12.9 93 10.5 27251992 347 373 37 8606 9257 2016 3.5 4.0 18.5 107 10.6 26511993 328 344 37 9262 9710 2236 3.6 3.5 15.4 97 10.4 27331994 332 E 340E 50 10230 10480 3518 3.6 3.2 9.7 94 13.8 28951995 410 410 55 11160 E 11160E NA 3.7 3.7 NA 111 14.9 3020

Lesotho1985 NA NA 2 754 1034 262 1.5 NA NA NA 1.0 6751986 40 53 2 755 1007 NA 1.6 5.3 NA 34 1.3 6411987 NA NA 2 780 1010 362 1.6 NA NA NA 1.2 6261988 NA NA 2 820 1024 357 1.7 NA NA NA 1.2 6191989 37 45 2 999 1197 419 1.7 3.7 10.7 26 1.2 7061990 55 E 64E 2 1052 1209 373 1.7 5.3 17.1 37 1.2 6971991 NA NA 2 1089 1203 389 1.8 NA NA NA 1.1 6771992 35 38 2 1103 1187 364 1.8 3.2 10.5 21 1.1 6531993 31 E 32E 2 1202 1260 394 1.9 2.6 8.2 17 1.1 6791994 26 E 27E 2 1315 1348 1011 1.9 2.0 2.7 14 1.1 7111995 28 28 2 1478 1478 1131 1.9 1.9 2.5 15 1.0 765

Liberia1985 42 57 6 1557 2133 655 2.2 2.7 8.8 26 2.7 9551986 54 72 6 1556 2077 609 2.3 3.5 11.8 31 2.6 9001987 60 77 6 1589 2057 547 2.4 3.8 14.2 32 2.5 8621988 57 71 7 NA NA 501 2.5 NA 14.1 29 2.8 NA1989 NA NA 7 NA NA NA 2.6 NA NA NA 2.7 NA1990 NA NA 8 NA NA NA 2.3 NA NA NA 3.5 NA1991 NA NA 5 NA NA NA 2.0 NA NA NA 2.5 NA1992 NA NA 2 NA NA NA 2.1 NA NA NA .9 NA1993 35 E 37E NA NA NA NA 2.3 NA NA 16 NA NA1994 29 E 30E NA NA NA 285E 2.3 NA 10.5 13 NA NA1995 45 E 45E NA NA NA NA 2.2 NA NA 21 NA NA

Libya E E E E1985 NA NA 91 23340 31990 NA 3.7 NA NA NA 24.6 86521986 NA NA 91 19080 25470 12430E 3.8 NA NA NA 24.2 67831987 2398 b 3104 b 91 20030 25930 NA 3.9 12.0 NA 797 23.4 66581988 NA NA 86 17710 22110 NA 4.0 NA NA NA 21.3 54721989 2456 b 2942 b 86 19190 22990 11730 4.2 12.8 25.1 701 20.5 54811990 NA NA 86 24620 28300 NA 4.4 NA NA NA 19.7 64981991 2092 d 2311 d 86 28210 31170 NA 4.5 7.4 NA 511 19.0 68941992 1999 d 2150 d 85 29000 31190 NA 4.7 6.9 NA 458 18.1 66441993 1410 d 1478 d 85 27420 28750 NA 4.9 5.1 NA 303 17.4 59001994 1297 d 1330 d 80 30500 31260 NA 5.1 4.3 NA 263 15.8 61821995 1999 d 1999 d 76 33220 33220 NA 5.2 6.0 NA 381 14.5 6329

79

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Lithuania P P P P P1992 NA NA 10 21420 23040 7741 3.7 NA NA NA 2.6 62161993 110 115 10 14990 15720 3506 3.7 .7 3.3 31 2.7 42561994 108 111 10 15160 15540 3932 3.7 .7 2.8 30 2.7 42251995 78 78 12 15300 15300 3733 3.7 .5 2.1 21 3.3 4179

Luxembourg1985 84 115 1 11150 15280 4881 0.4 0.8 2.4 313 2.7 416801986 87 116 1 11810 15760 4935 .4 .7 2.4 316 2.7 427801987 102 132 1 12160 15740 5194 .4 .8 2.5 355 2.7 424301988 117 146 1 13120 16380 5368 .4 .9 2.7 390 2.7 437201989 108 129 1 14340 17190 5283 .4 .8 2.4 342 2.7 456301990 116 133 1 15820 18180 5860 .4 .7 2.3 349 2.6 475901991 133 147 1 17040 18830 6451 .4 .8 2.3 380 2.6 487201992 138 149 1 17280 18580 6644 .4 .8 2.2 380 2.6 474301993 126 132 1 17000 17830 6719 .4 .7 2.0 332 2.5 448601994 139 143 1 17860 18310 7096 .4 .8 2.0 355 2.5 454101995 142 142 1 18980 E 18980E 7404E .4 .7 1.9 348 2.4 46370

Macedonia P P P P1992 NA NA 10 2016 2168 NA 2.1 NA NA NA 5.1 10551993 NA NA 10 1838 1927 NA 2.1 NA NA NA 4.8 9311994 43 44 10 1782 1827 NA 2.1 2.4 NA 21 4.8 8771995 63 63 16 1900 1900 NA 2.1 3.3 NA 30 7.6 907

Madagascar1985 39 E 53E 27 1985 2721 662E 10.0 1.9 8.0 5 2.7 2721986 39 E 53E 26 2074 2768 643E 10.3 1.9 8.2 5 2.5 2691987 39 E 51E 26 2124 2749 NA 10.6 1.9 NA 5 2.5 2601988 34 E 43E 21 2250 2809 519 10.9 1.5 8.2 4 1.9 2581989 33 40 21 2417 2896 616 11.2 1.4 6.5 4 1.9 2591990 33 37 21 2665 3063 548 11.5 1.2 6.8 3 1.8 2661991 31 35 21 2565 2835 499 11.9 1.2 7.0 3 1.8 2391992 30 33 21 2674 2876 606 12.2 1.1 5.4 3 1.7 2361993 37 39 21 2828 2965 636 12.6 1.3 6.1 3 1.7 2361994 30 31 21 2871 2943 604 12.9 1.0 5.1 2 1.6 2281995 28 28 21 3037 3037 557 13.3 .9 5.0 2 1.6 229

Malawi1985 15 20 6 758 1039 350 7.1 2.0 5.8 3 0.8 1461986 18 24 7 767 1024 368 7.4 2.4 6.6 3 .9 1391987 16 20 7 802 1038 363 7.8 1.9 5.6 3 .9 1331988 14 18 7 866 1082 333 8.3 1.6 5.3 2 .8 1311989 15 18 7 913 1094 311 8.7 1.6 5.8 2 .8 1251990 13 E 15E 7 1046 1202 317 9.1 1.3 4.8 2 .8 1321991 13 E 14E 8 1158 1279 331E 9.4 1.1 4.4 2 .8 1361992 11 E 12E 10 1072 1153 315E 9.7 1.1 3.9 1 1.0 1191993 15 E 16E 10 1268 1330 450E 9.7 1.2 3.5 2 1.0 1361994 19 19 10 1115 1143 NA 9.6 1.7 NA 2 1.0 1191995 21 21 10 1310 1310 NA 9.4 1.6 NA 2 1.0 139

80

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Constant1995

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Constant1995

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Constant1995

Constant1995

Malaysia1985 1023 E 1402E 110 27060 37090 13070 15.5 3.8 10.7 90 7.1 23861986 1194 E 1594E 113 28370 37870 15910 15.9 4.2 10.0 100 7.1 23751987 1388 1797 113 30820 39900 13640 16.3 4.5 13.2 110 6.9 24431988 914 1141 113 34960 43650 12010 16.7 2.6 9.5 68 6.8 26091989 1135 1359 115 39720 47600 13220 17.1 2.9 10.3 79 6.7 27801990 1271 1461 130 46200 53100 15810 17.5 2.8 9.2 83 7.4 30331991 1829 2021 128 51860 57310 17310 17.9 3.5 11.7 113 7.1 32001992 1856 1996 128 57210 61530 19170 18.3 3.2 10.4 109 7.0 33591993 2061 2161 115 63910 67000 19050 18.7 3.2 11.3 115 6.1 35781994 2247 2303 115 71210 73000 19120 19.1 3.2 12.0 120 6.0 38141995 2444 2444 122 80810 80810 19730 19.5 3.0 12.4 125 6.2 4134

Mali1985 33 45 8 1153 1580 561 7.4 2.9 8.1 6 1.1 2131986 33 44 8 1319 1760 542 7.6 2.5 8.1 6 1.1 2331987 34 44 8 1468 1901 517 7.7 2.3 8.4 6 1.0 2461988 37 46 8 1521 1899 579 7.9 2.4 7.9 6 1.0 2411989 39 47 8 1775 2127 546E 8.1 2.2 8.6 6 .9 2641990 NA NA 13 1856 2133 NA 8.2 NA NA NA 1.6 2591991 NA NA 13 1920 2121 NA 8.4 NA NA NA 1.5 2521992 50 E 54E 12 2137 2299 569E 8.6 2.3 9.4 6 1.4 2661993 47 E 49E 12 2155 2260 NA 8.9 2.2 NA 6 1.4 2551994 42 43 8 2210 2265 NA 9.1 1.9 NA 5 .9 2491995 43 E 43E 8 2428 2428 NA 9.4 1.8 NA 5 .9 259

Malta1985 13 18 1 1198 1642 690 0.4 1.1 2.6 49 2.8 45301986 14 18 1 1254 1673 649 .3 1.1 2.8 54 2.3 48951987 17 22 1 1343 1738 676 .3 1.3 3.2 63 2.3 50491988 16 20 1 1496 1868 689 .3 1.1 2.9 58 3.5 53831989 18 22 2 1698 2034 778 .4 1.1 2.8 63 4.3 58071990 16 18 2 1922 2208 912 .4 .8 2.0 51 5.6 62381991 17 E 19E 2 2097 2318 974 .4 .8 2.0 53 5.6 64841992 21 23 2 2224 2392 880 .4 .9 2.6 63 5.5 66331993 21 22 2 2358 2472 919 .4 .9 2.4 60 5.5 67791994 NA NA 1 NA NA NA .4 NA NA NA 2.7 NA1995 32 32 1 2832 E 2832E NA .4 1.1 NA 87 2.7 7619

Mauritania1985 37 E 51E 16 545 747 205E 1.7 6.9 25.0 31 9.6 4481986 34 46 16 585 780 NA 1.7 5.9 NA 27 9.3 4551987 27 35 16 618 800 NA 1.8 4.4 NA 20 9.1 4531988 NA NA 14E 660 824 NA 1.8 NA NA NA 7.4 4531989 32 38 16E 726 870 240 1.9 4.4 15.9 20 8.6 4641990 31 E 36E 17 744 855 NA 1.9 4.2 NA 18 8.8 4421991 30 E 33E 17 799 883 NA 2.0 3.7 NA 16 8.5 4421992 37 E 39E 16 834 897 NA 2.1 4.4 NA 19 7.8 4361993 36 E 38E 16 890 933 NA 2.1 4.1 NA 18 7.5 4391994 36 E 37E 10 971 995 399E 2.2 3.7 9.3 17 4.6 4541995 33 33 10 1044 1044 NA 2.3 3.2 NA 15 4.4 461

81

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Constant1995

Constant1995

Mauritius1985 3 5 1 1513 2073 565 1.0 0.2 0.8 5 1.0 20291986 3 4 1 1709 2281 568 1.0 .2 .8 4 1.0 22101987 3 5 1 1971 2551 591 1.0 .2 .8 4 1.0 24471988 4 5 1 2185 2728 661 1.1 .2 .8 5 1.0 25931989 6 7 1 2410 2888 741 1.1 .2 .9 6 .9 27181990 9 10 1 2694 3096 752 1.1 .3 1.3 9 .9 28841991 11 12 1 2949 3258 772 1.1 .4 1.5 11 .9 30041992 12 13 1 3221 3465 847 1.1 .4 1.5 12 .9 31611993 11 12 1 3480 3649 825 1.1 .3 1.4 11 .9 32951994 12 12 1 3697 3790 891 1.1 .3 1.4 11 .9 33901995 14 14 1 3920 3920 891 1.1 .4 1.6 12 1.2 3474

Mexico1985 1063 E 1457E 140 156900 215100 56570 76.6 0.7 2.6 19 1.8 28061986 1103 E 1472E 141 153800 205300 63780 78.3 .7 2.3 19 1.8 26221987 1243 E 1609E 141 163200 211200 68830 79.9 .8 2.3 20 1.8 26411988 1012 E 1263E 154 172700 215600 61630 81.7 .6 2.0 15 1.9 26411989 1076 E 1290E 154 186500 223500 54190 83.4 .6 2.4 15 1.8 26801990 1058 1215 175 204200 234600 47980 85.1 .5 2.5 14 2.1 27561991 1222 1351 175 221500 244800 42940 86.9 .6 3.1 16 2.0 28181992 1400 1505 175 234000 251700 41160 88.6 .6 3.7 17 2.0 28401993 1566 1642 175 241000 252700 43410 90.4 .6 3.8 18 1.9 27951994 1992 2042 175 254300 260700 47780 92.2 .8 4.3 22 1.9 28271995 2321 2321 175 237000 237000 45760 94.0 1.0 5.1 25 1.9 2521

Moldova P P P P P1992 NA NA 9 11500 12370 8115 4.4 NA NA NA 2.1 27811993 NA NA 13 10530 11040 NA 4.5 NA NA NA 2.9 24771994 205 210 11 10710 10980 NA 4.5 1.9 NA 47 2.5 24641995 222 222 12 10400 10400 NA 4.5 2.1 NA 50 2.7 2332

Mongolia1985 51 E 69E 38 611 837 NA 1.9 8.3 NA 36 19.9 4391986 58 E 78E 40 677 904 NA 2.0 8.6 NA 40 20.4 4611987 61 E 79E 32 709 918 608 2.0 8.6 13.1 39 15.9 4561988 72 E 90E 32 E 793 990 675 2.1 9.1 13.3 44 15.5 4781989 70 E 83E 33 866 1038 693 2.2 8.0 12.0 39 15.3 4811990 68 E 79E 32 877 1008 669 2.2 7.8 11.7 35 14.4 4551991 36 E 40E 31 843 931 444 2.3 4.3 9.0 18 13.7 4101992 19 21 21 741 797 223 2.3 2.6 9.3 9 9.2 3441993 22 23 18 741 776 251 2.4 3.0 9.2 10 7.6 3281994 20 20 21 777 797 209 2.4 2.5 9.7 8 8.7 3311995 20 20 21 844 844 286 2.5 2.4 7.0 8 8.6 344

82

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Constant1995

Constant1995

Morocco E E1985 NA NA 165 18000 24670 8027 23.2 NA NA NA 7.1 10641986 1221 1629 185 20270 27060 8157 23.8 6.0 20.0 69 7.8 11381987 1264 1636 200 20400 26410 7751 24.4 6.2 21.1 67 8.2 10831988 1210 1510 195 22500 28090 8296 25.0 5.4 18.2 60 7.8 11251989 1209 1449 195 23840 28560 9183 25.6 5.1 15.8 57 7.6 11171990 1419 1631 195 26460 30410 9120 26.2 5.4 17.9 62 7.5 11621991 1255 1387 195 29250 32320 9379 26.8 4.3 14.8 52 7.3 12081992 1709 1839 195 28740 30910 9712 27.4 5.9 18.9 67 7.1 11301993 1354 1420 195 29090 30500 NA 28.0 4.7 NA 51 7.0 10911994 1374 1408 195 33460 34300 10210E 28.6 4.1 13.8 49 6.8 12011995 1375 1375 195 32290 32290 NA 29.2 4.3 NA 47 6.7 1107

Mozambique1985 58 79 35 584 800 209E 13.8 9.9 38.0 6 2.5 581986 NA NA 65 574 767 NA 14.1 NA NA NA 4.6 541987 55 71 65 623 806 206 14.1 8.9 34.6 5 4.6 571988 67 84 65 721 900 207 13.9 9.3 40.7 6 4.7 651989 75 90 65 777 931 NA 13.9 9.6 NA 6 4.7 671990 77 88 65 831 955 NA 14.1 9.2 NA 6 4.6 681991 107 118 65 913 1009 NA 14.3 11.7 NA 8 4.5 701992 91 E 98E 50 899 967 581E 14.6 10.1 16.8 7 3.4 661993 99 103 50 1131 1186 NA 15.1 8.7 NA 7 3.3 781994 86 88 11 1217 1247 NA 16.0 7.0 NA 5 .7 781995 69 69 12 1284 1284 NA 17.1 5.4 NA 4 .7 75

Myanmar (see Burma)

Namibia1990 41 E 47E NA 2201 2529 866 1.4 1.9 5.4 33 NA 17951991 66 E 73E 8 2490 2752 1112 1.5 2.7 6.6 50 5.5 18961992 63 68 8 2657 2858 1199 1.5 2.4 5.6 45 5.4 19141993 60 62 8 2724 2856 1144 1.5 2.2 5.5 41 5.2 18581994 56 57 8 2921 2994 NA 1.6 1.9 NA 36 5.1 18931995 64 64 8 3072 3072 NA 1.6 2.1 NA 39 4.9 1886

Nepal1985 22 30 25 2011 2756 479 16.9 1.1 6.2 2 1.5 1631986 23 31 25 2155 2876 481 17.4 1.1 6.4 2 1.4 1661987 25 32 30 2272 2941 502 17.8 1.1 6.4 2 1.7 1651988 25 31 35 2541 3173 552 18.2 1.0 5.6 2 1.9 1741989 27 33 35 2754 3300 626 18.7 1.0 5.2 2 1.9 1771990 31 35 35 3010 3459 578 19.1 1.0 6.1 2 1.8 1811991 31 34 35 3324 3673 674 19.6 .9 5.1 2 1.8 1881992 35 37 35 3552 3821 620 20.0 1.0 6.0 2 1.7 1911993 37 39 35 3757 3939 642 20.5 1.0 6.1 2 1.7 1921994 38 39 35 4131 4235 598 21.0 .9 6.5 2 1.7 2011995 42 42 40 4382 4382 719 21.6 .9 5.8 2 1.9 203

83

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Constant1995

Constant1995

Netherlands1985 6792 9309 103 223900 306900 171600 14.5 3.0 5.4 642 7.1 211801986 7077 9446 106 235900 314800 167100 14.6 3.0 5.7 648 7.3 216101987 7416 9599 106 245900 318200 174800 14.7 3.0 5.5 655 7.2 217001988 7625 9520 107 260200 324900 178300 14.8 2.9 5.3 645 7.2 220101989 8010 9598 106 286000 342600 180100 14.8 2.8 5.3 646 7.1 230701990 8129 9343 104 310000 356300 184100 15.0 2.6 5.1 625 7.0 238301991 8255 9122 104 329800 364400 191500 15.1 2.5 4.8 605 6.9 241901992 8485 9127 90 342400 368300 196300 15.2 2.5 4.6 601 5.9 242701993 8077 8468 86 353700 370900 192800 15.3 2.3 4.4 554 5.6 242801994 8034 8235 77 372500 381900 189200 15.4 2.2 4.4 535 5.0 248301995 8012 8012 67 390700 E 390700E 182000 15.5 2.1 4.4 518 4.3 25240

New Zealand1985 702 962 13 35420 48550 21340 3.2 2.0 4.5 296 4.0 149501986 770 1028 12 37330 49830 21770 3.2 2.1 4.7 317 3.8 153401987 790 1023 13 38910 50370 22120 3.3 2.0 4.6 314 3.9 154701988 870 1086 13 40280 50290 20310 3.3 2.2 5.3 332 3.9 153801989 889 1065 12 41820 50100 23810 3.3 2.1 4.5 324 3.8 152701990 897 1030 11 43790 50320 20440 3.3 2.0 5.0 312 3.3 152501991 638 705 11 45080 49820 19670 3.3 1.4 3.6 211 3.3 149301992 750 806 11 48700 52380 20280 3.4 1.5 4.0 239 3.3 154901993 815 854 11 52570 55110 18920 3.4 1.5 4.5 249 3.2 161001994 702 720 10 55810 57210 20560 3.5 1.3 3.5 208 2.9 165001995 740 740 10 57210 E 57210E 22230 3.5 1.3 3.3 211 2.9 16310

Nicaragua1985 220 E 301E 74 1264 1732 1150 3.2 17.4 26.2 96 23.5 5491986 NA NA 75 1291 1723 988 3.2 NA NA NA 23.2 5341987 NA NA 80 1349 1745 NA 3.3 NA NA NA 24.2 5291988 NA NA 74 1217 1519 808 3.4 NA NA NA 21.8 4481989 NA NA 65 1158 1388 56 3.5 NA NA NA 18.7 3991990 198 228 28 1262 1450 793 3.6 15.7 28.8 63 7.8 4041991 45 49 20 1172 1295 493 3.7 3.8 10.0 13 5.4 3491992 38 41 15 1231 1324 547 3.8 3.1 7.6 11 3.9 3471993 34 36 15 1308 1371 535 3.9 2.6 6.7 9 3.8 3491994 33 34 14 1268 1300 605 4.0 2.6 5.6 8 3.5 3211995 34 34 14 1576 1576 654 4.2 2.2 5.3 8 3.4 379

Niger1985 9 E 13E 5 1123 1540 258E 6.6 0.8 5.0 2 0.8 2341986 10 E 13E 4 1232 1645 NA 6.8 .8 NA 2 .6 2421987 NA NA 5 1237 1601 323 7.0 NA NA NA .7 2281988 13 16 4 1345 1679 386 7.2 1.0 4.2 2 .6 2321989 17 20 4 1358 1627 NA 7.4 1.2 NA 3 .6 2191990 NA NA 5 1510 1735 348 7.6 NA NA NA .7 2271991 21 23 5 1602 1770 275E 7.9 1.3 8.4 3 .6 2251992 21 E 22E 5 1539 1655 NA 8.1 1.3 NA 3 .6 2041993 23 24 5 1601 1678 307E 8.3 1.5 7.9 3 .6 2011994 21 22 7 1700 1743 NA 8.6 1.3 NA 3 .8 2031995 21 21 9 1860 E 1860E NA 8.8 1.2 NA 2 1.0 210

84

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Constant1995

Constant1995

Nigeria d d1985 757 1038 134 50940 69820 11010 74.7 1.5 9.4 14 1.8 9351986 629 839 138 51730 69040 15580 76.6 1.2 5.4 11 1.8 9021987 421 E 545E 138 50920 65910 18260 78.9 .8 3.0 7 1.7 8351988 566 E 707E 107 58860 73480 15440E 81.3 1.0 4.6 9 1.3 9041989 NA NA 107 65800 78840 15770 83.9 NA NA NA 1.3 9401990 674 E 775E 94 72090 82850 21320 86.5 .9 3.6 9 1.1 9581991 662 732 94 80770 89260 20170 89.2 .8 3.6 8 1.1 10011992 513 552 76 85690 92170 17060 92.0 .6 3.2 6 .8 10021993 631 662 76 87170 91390 33430 94.8 .7 2.0 7 .8 9641994 793 813 80 93820 96170 23090 97.7 .8 3.5 8 .8 9841995 NA NA 89 95340 95340 NA 100.8 NA NA NA .9 946

Norway1985 2320 3179 36 73700 101000 42440 4.2 3.1 7.5 766 8.7 243201986 2509 3349 38 78980 105400 47750 4.2 3.2 7.0 804 9.1 253001987 2798 3622 38 83250 107800 50160 4.2 3.4 7.2 865 9.1 257401988 2828 3531 40 85420 106600 51180 4.2 3.3 6.9 839 9.5 253401989 2993 3587 43 89230 106900 51720 4.2 3.4 6.9 849 10.2 253001990 3133 3600 51 94840 109000 52270 4.2 3.3 6.9 849 12.0 257001991 3195 3530 41 100300 110800 57110 4.3 3.2 6.2 828 9.6 260101992 3680 3958 36 106000 114000 62190 4.3 3.5 6.4 924 8.4 266101993 3566 3738 32 112500 118000 61960 4.3 3.2 6.0 867 7.4 273701994 3812 3907 33 120900 124000 59660 4.3 3.2 6.5 901 7.6 285901995 3508 3508 38 128000 E 128000E NA 4.4 2.7 NA 804 8.7 29350

Oman E E1985 1937 2655 25 7945 10890 6280 1.5 24.4 42.3 1812 17.1 74301986 1731 2310 26 6409 8555 5537 1.5 27.0 41.7 1519 17.1 56261987 1518 1965 27 7078 9162 4530 1.6 21.4 43.4 1247 17.1 58151988 1350 1685 27 6548 8176 4468 1.6 20.6 37.7 1032 16.3 50091989 1552 1859 29 7351 8808 4496 1.7 21.1 41.4 1099 17.2 52091990 1707 1961 32 9445 10850 4841 1.8 18.1 40.5 1120 18.3 61991991 1450 1602 29 9088 10040 4508 1.8 16.0 35.5 880 15.9 55181992 1767 1901 35 9996 10750 5381 1.9 17.7 35.3 1006 18.5 56881993 1691 1773 35 9871 10350 5148 2.0 17.1 34.4 903 17.8 52741994 1818 1864 31 10060 10310 5072 2.0 18.1 36.7 915 15.2 50671995 1735 1735 36 10410 10410 5121 2.1 16.7 33.9 822 17.1 4935

Pakistan1985 1809 2480 483 29090 39870 8813 99.1 6.2 28.1 25 4.9 4021986 2022 2699 483 31580 42150 10700 102.0 6.4 25.2 26 4.7 4131987 2474 3202 481 34040 44060 10930 104.9 7.3 29.3 31 4.6 4201988 2588 3232 481 37290 46560 11080 107.8 6.9 29.2 30 4.5 4321989 2682 3213 520 40440 48460 12650 110.8 6.6 25.4 29 4.7 4371990 3120 3586 550 44080 50650 12320 113.9 7.1 29.1 31 4.8 4451991 3228 3567 565 47530 52520 12990 116.9 6.8 27.5 31 4.8 4491992 3796 4083 580 52140 56090 14640 118.9 7.3 27.9 34 4.9 4721993 3776 3958 580 54410 57040 15270 120.9 6.9 25.9 33 4.8 4721994 3933 4032 540 57230 58660 15220 123.7 6.9 26.5 33 4.4 4741995 3740 3740 587 60930 60930 14770 126.4 6.1 25.3 30 4.6 482

85

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Constant1995

Constant1995

Panama1985 87 E 119E 12 4428 6068 1847 2.2 2.0 6.4 55 5.5 28051986 92 E 122E 12 4702 6276 2001 2.2 1.9 6.1 55 5.4 28431987 93 120 12 4970 6432 2051 2.3 1.9 5.9 53 5.4 28571988 94 117 11 4159 5193 1497 2.3 2.3 7.8 51 4.8 22611989 96 115 14 3986 4776 1365 2.3 2.4 8.4 49 6.0 20401990 69 80 11 4359 5009 1319 2.4 1.6 6.0 33 4.6 20981991 77 86 12 5477 6052 1541 2.4 1.4 5.5 35 4.9 24871992 80 86 11 5557 5977 1512 2.5 1.4 5.7 35 4.4 24111993 95 99 11 6119 6415 1776 2.5 1.5 5.6 39 4.4 25421994 101 104 11 6639 6806 1942 2.6 1.5 5.3 40 4.3 26501995 97 97 12 7083 7083 NA 2.6 1.4 NA 37 4.6 2712

Papua New Guinea1985 53 72 3 3582 4909 1603 3.4 1.5 4.5 21 0.9 14471986 57 76 3 3897 5202 1738 3.5 1.5 4.4 22 .9 14961987 57 74 3 4045 5235 1654 3.6 1.4 4.5 21 .9 14701988 57 71 3 4347 5427 1662 3.6 1.3 4.3 20 .9 14881989 69 83 3 4460 5344 1886 3.7 1.6 4.4 22 .9 14311990 100 115 4 4511 5185 1939 3.8 2.2 5.9 30 1.0 13561991 75 83 4 5201 5747 2111 3.9 1.4 3.9 21 1.0 14681992 85 92 4 5680 6110 2170 4.0 1.5 4.2 23 .9 15251993 127 133 NA 6934 7270 2498 4.1 1.8 5.3 32 NA 17731994 139 142 4 7490 7678 2436 4.2 1.9 5.8 34 1.0 18291995 107 107 5 7429 7429 1901E 4.3 1.4 5.6 25 1.2 1730

Paraguay1985 51 E 70E 14 4459 6111 588 4.0 1.1 11.9 18 3.5 15311986 NA NA 16 4558 6084 515 4.1 NA NA NA 3.9 14771987 51 E 66E 16 4827 6248 599 4.2 1.1 11.0 16 3.8 14701988 77 E 96E 16 5464 6821 622 4.4 1.4 15.4 22 3.7 15571989 84 100 16 6160 7380 649 4.5 1.4 15.5 22 3.5 16351990 85 97 16 6667 7661 704 4.7 1.3 13.9 21 3.4 16471991 119 132 16 7047 7787 922 4.8 1.7 14.3 27 3.3 16261992 130 140 16 7250 7798 1059 4.9 1.8 13.2 28 3.2 15821993 107 113 16 7763 8138 1050 5.1 1.4 10.7 22 3.2 16051994 101 104 15 8205 8411 NA 5.2 1.2 NA 20 2.9 16131995 121 121 12 8789 8789 1660E 5.4 1.4 7.3 23 2.2 1640

Peru1985 2244 E 3075E 128 33380 45740 8476 19.6 6.7 36.3 157 6.5 23311986 2653 E 3541E 127 38080 50820 8900 20.1 7.0 39.8 176 6.3 25331987 2299 E 2975E 127 42620 55160 8959 20.5 5.4 33.2 145 6.2 26901988 NA NA 111 39060 48770 6870 20.9 NA NA NA 5.3 23281989 NA NA 110 36780 44070 5999 21.4 NA NA NA 5.1 20601990 683 E 784E 125 37280 42840 5990 21.8 1.8 13.1 36 5.7 19611991 488 E 539E 123 40300 44540 5907 22.3 1.2 9.1 24 5.5 19981992 750 807 112 40720 43800 7344 22.7 1.8 11.0 35 4.9 19251993 782 819 112 44120 46250 7756 23.2 1.8 10.6 35 4.8 19931994 847 868 112 51260 52550 7231 23.7 1.7 12.0 37 4.7 22211995 989 989 115 56930 56930 10590 24.1 1.7 9.3 41 4.8 2363

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Constant1995

Constant1995

Philippines1985 506 693 115 36960 50650 7298 57.8 1.4 9.5 12 2.0 8771986 768 1025 105 39520 52750 9722 59.2 1.9 10.5 17 1.8 8911987 798 1032 105 42640 55190 9868 60.6 1.9 10.5 17 1.7 9111988 1009 1260 148 47600 59420 10210 62.0 2.1 12.3 20 2.4 9581989 1182 1417 112 52520 62930 11840 63.5 2.3 12.0 22 1.8 9911990 1232 1416 109 57200 65730 13240 65.0 2.2 10.7 22 1.7 10111991 1231 1360 107 59910 66200 12920 66.6 2.1 10.5 20 1.6 9951992 1185 1275 107 62400 67120 12530 68.1 1.9 10.2 19 1.6 9861993 1425 1494 107 65690 68870 12960 69.7 2.2 11.5 21 1.5 9891994 1368 1402 109 70740 72510 13240 71.3 1.9 10.6 20 1.5 10181995 1151 1151 110 76630 76630 13610 72.9 1.5 8.5 16 1.5 1052

Poland P P P P P1985 14670 E 20110E 439 144400 197800 49420 37.2 10.2 c 40.7c 540 11.8 53181986 15230 E 20330E 443 152800 204000 48400 37.5 10.0 c 42.0c 543 11.8 54471987 15450 E 20000E 441 155400 201100 42940 37.7 9.9 c 46.6c 531 11.7 53401988 15350 E 19170E 430 170900 213300 42170 37.8 9.0 c 45.5c 507 11.4 56481989 15480 E 18550E 350 174700 209300 26840E 38.0 8.9 c 69.1c 489 9.2 55141990 8752 R 10060R 313 163300 E 187700E NA 38.1 5.4 NA 264 8.2 49251991 7362 R 8135R 305 160100 E 176900E 24750E 38.2 4.6 32.9 213 8.0 46261992 3569 3839 270 165000 177500 47220 38.4 2.2 8.1 100 7.0 46271993 3536 3707 180 175800 184300 58980 38.5 2.0 6.3 96 4.7 47941994 4644 4760 255 187800 192500 86050 38.5 2.5 5.5 124 6.6 49971995 4887 4887 278 208500 208500 90440 38.6 2.3 5.4 127 7.2 5404

Portugal1985 1547 2121 102 52900 72510 32550 9.9 2.9 6.5 213 10.3 72921986 1654 2208 101 57500 76750 33970 9.9 2.9 6.5 222 10.2 77261987 1746 2260 105 63100 81670 34080 9.9 2.8 6.6 228 10.6 82321988 1986 2480 104 69440 86700 33980 9.9 2.9 7.3 250 10.5 87541989 2193 2628 104 76930 92170 36150 9.9 2.9 7.3 266 10.5 93271990 2361 2713 87 84390 96990 38760 9.9 2.8 7.0 275 8.8 98261991 2457 2716 86 89830 99270 42610 9.9 2.7 6.4 275 8.7 100701992 2490 2678 80 94010 101100 41630 9.9 2.6 6.4 272 8.1 102601993 2450 2569 68 94590 99160 43300 9.9 2.6 5.9 261 6.9 100601994 2442 2503 122 97900 100400 42570 9.9 2.5 5.9 254 12.4 101701995 2690 2690 78 102900 E 102900E NA 9.9 2.6 NA 273 7.9 10430

Qatar E E E1985 NA NA 7 6722 9212 5893 0.3 NA NA NA 20.3 267001986 NA NA 9 5677 7577 6140 .4 NA NA NA 24.0 202101987 NA NA 11 5925 7669 4356 .4 NA NA NA 27.8 193901988 NA NA 7 6339 7914 4245 .4 NA NA NA 16.9 191001989 NA NA 7 6686 8011 4074 .4 NA NA NA 16.1 184801990 NA NA 11 7581 8713 NA .5 NA NA NA 24.3 192701991 934 E 1032E 11 7084 7827 3536 .5 13.2 29.2 2196 23.4 166601992 357 E 384E 8 7644 8222 3680 .5 4.7 10.4 789 16.4 168801993 330 E 346E 8 7583 7949 3766 .5 4.3 9.2 687 15.9 157901994 302 E 310E 10 7820 8016 NA .5 3.9 NA 597 19.3 154501995 330 E 330E 10 7445 7445 3500 .5 4.4 9.4 617 18.7 13940

87

ARMEDFORCES

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Constant1995

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Constant1995

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Constant1995

Constant1995

Romania P P P P P1985 6840 E 9374E 237 99330 136100 46960 22.5 6.9 c 20.0 c 417 10.5 60591986 7059 E 9422E 238 103600 138200 49930 22.5 6.8 c 18.9 c 418 10.5 61341987 7485 E 9688E 248 104600 135400 45090 22.6 7.2 c 21.5 c 428 11.0 59871988 7004 E 8745E 220 112300 140300 46920 22.7 6.2 c 18.6 c 385 9.7 61811989 6916 E 8287E 207 113400 135800 49090 22.8 6.1 c 16.9 c 364 9.1 59651990 3869 R 4446R 126 104900 E 120600E 40750E 22.8 3.7 10.9 195 5.5 52941991 3747 R 4140R 201 94190 E 104100E 36400E 22.7 4.0 11.4 182 8.8 45791992 2672 2874 172 82000 88200 36460 22.7 3.3 7.9 127 7.6 38871993 1802 1889 167 85610 89750 29190 22.4 2.1 6.5 84 7.4 39991994 2178 2233 200 91140 93430 30400 22.2 2.4 7.3 101 9.0 42101995 2520 2520 209 98940 98940 22580 21.9 2.5 11.2 115 9.5 4513

Russia P,R P,R P P P c c1992 159200 171200 1900 806900 867900 544400 148.6 19.7 31.5 1152 12.8 58411993 125000 131000 1500 757700 794300 NA 148.5 16.5 NA 882 10.1 53491994 93000 95330 1400 676300 693200 250500 148.4 13.8 38.1 643 9.4 46731995 76000 76000 1400 664000 664000 NA 148.3 11.4 NA 513 9.4 4478

Rwanda 1985 50 E 68E 5 2875 3941 723E 6.2 1.7 9.4 11 0.8 6401986 NA NA 5 3109 4150 NA 6.3 NA NA NA .8 6551987 62 80 5 3155 4083 667 6.5 2.0 12.0 12 .8 6251988 53 E 66E 5 3472 4334 661 6.8 1.5 10.0 10 .7 6421989 56 E 67E 6 3595 4308 840 7.0 1.6 8.0 10 .9 6191990 149 171 6 3553 4084 864 7.1 4.2 19.8 24 .8 5711991 275 E 303E 30 3917 4328 976 7.3 7.0 31.1 41 4.1 5901992 262 E 282E 30 4155 4469 1124 7.5 6.3 25.1 38 4.0 5951993 286 E 300E 30 3834 4020 1288 7.7 7.5 23.3 39 3.9 5241994 448 E 459E 40 1782 1826 NA 6.6 25.1 NA 69 6.0 2761995 118 E 118E 33 E 2274 2274 NA 6.0 5.2 NA 20 5.5 378

Sao Tome & Principe1985 NA NA 2 24 32 NA 0.1 NA NA NA 18.6 3001986 NA NA 1 24 32 NA .1 NA NA NA 9.0 2901987 NA NA 1 25 32 9 .1 NA NA NA 8.8 2851988 NA NA 1 26 32 5 .1 NA NA NA 8.6 2731989 NA NA 1 27 33 5 .1 NA NA NA 8.3 2731990 NA NA 1 28 32 NA .1 NA NA NA 8.1 2581991 NA NA 1 29 32 NA .1 NA NA NA 7.9 2511992 NA NA 1 30 32 NA .1 NA NA NA 7.7 2461993 NA NA 1 30 32 NA .1 NA NA NA 7.5 2401994 NA NA 3 32 33 NA .1 NA NA NA 21.9 2391995 NA NA NA 33 33 NA .1 NA NA NA NA 238

88

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Constant1995

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Constant1995

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YEAR


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Constant1995

Constant1995

Saudi Arabia E E1985 21340 29240 80 94140 129000 108300 13.2 22.7 27.0 2214 6.1 97691986 17290 23080 80 82890 110600 72120 13.9 20.9 32.0 1665 5.8 79831987 16210 E 20980E 80 83410 108000 45310E 14.5 19.4 46.3 1450 5.5 74641988 13600 E 16980E 84 85880 107200 47040E 15.1 15.8 36.1 1127 5.5 71181989 14690 E 17600E 82 92410 110700 45650E 15.6 15.9 38.5 1125 5.3 70771990 23160 E 26620E 146 112600 129500 43900E 15.9 20.6 60.6 1677 9.2 81571991 35510 E 39240E 191 124800 137900 NA 16.1 28.5 NA 2436 11.9 85611992 35010 E 37650E 172 128600 138400 51950E 16.7 27.2 72.5 2249 10.3 82661993 20480 E 21470E 172 122700 128600 52420E 17.4 16.7 41.0 1235 9.9 73981994 17200 17630 164 121400 124400 NA 18.0 14.2 NA 977 9.1 68941995 17210 17210 175 127600 127600 NA 18.7 13.5 NA 919 9.3 6815

Senegal1985 76 E 105E 18 2774 3801 1186E 6.4 2.8 8.8 16 2.8 5941986 80 E 107E 18 2991 3992 1426E 6.6 2.7 7.5 16 2.7 6081987 71 E 92E 18 3202 4145 1369E 6.7 2.2 6.7 14 2.7 6151988 72 E 90E 14 3494 4363 1483 6.9 2.1 6.1 13 2.1 6301989 73 E 88E 15 3654 4378 1396 7.2 2.0 6.3 12 2.0 6121990 81 E 94E 18 3951 4540 NA 7.4 2.1 NA 13 2.4 6131991 83 E 91E 18 4057 4483 NA 7.7 2.0 NA 12 2.3 5851992 120 E 129E 18 4279 4603 937E 7.9 2.8 13.7 16 2.3 5801993 106 E 111E 18 4295 4503 NA 8.2 2.5 NA 14 2.2 5481994 72 73 14 4341 4450 NA 8.5 1.7 NA 9 1.6 5241995 76 76 14 4672 4672 NA 8.8 1.6 NA 9 1.6 531

Serbia and Montenegro P P1992 NA NA 137E 13500 14520 NA 10.5 NA NA NA 13.1 13891993 NA NA 100 NA NA NA 10.5 NA NA NA 9.5 NA1994 2900P,E 2973 P,E 130 NA NA NA 10.5 NA NA 282 12.3 NA1995 NA NA 130 20600 20600 NA 10.6 NA NA NA 12.3 1948

Sierra Leone1985 3 E 4E 4 409 560 85 3.7 0.8 5.0 1 1.1 1511986 NA NA 4 416 555 58 3.8 NA NA NA 1.1 1461987 4 E 5E 6 453 587 166 3.9 .8 2.9 1 1.5 1501988 3 4 4 480 599 100 4.0 .7 4.0 1 1.0 1501989 NA NA 4 514 616 101 4.1 NA NA NA 1.0 1501990 6 6 5 520 597 66 4.3 1.1 9.8 2 1.2 1391991 14 E 16E 5 535 592 141 4.4 2.7 11.3 4 1.1 1341992 15 E 16E 6 596 641 143 4.3 2.5 11.4 4 1.4 1481993 14 15 6 618 648 148 4.3 2.3 10.2 3 1.4 1501994 44 E 45E 13 652 669 163 4.4 6.8 27.7 10 2.9 1511995 41 E 41E 14E 671 671 142 4.6 6.1 28.9 9 3.1 145

89

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Constant1995

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(GNP)

Million dollars




Constant1995

Constant1995

Singapore1985 1687 2312 56 28610 39220 13560 2.7 5.9 17.0 855 20.7 145101986 1621 2164 56 29560 39460 14360 2.8 5.5 15.1 783 20.3 142801987 1705 2207 56 33010 42720 14810 2.8 5.2 14.9 781 19.8 151301988 2008 2507 56 37710 47080 10350 2.9 5.3 24.2 866 19.4 162701989 2162 2591 56 43050 51580 10250 3.0 5.0 25.3 874 18.9 173901990 2106 2421 56 48830 56120 12150 3.0 4.3 19.9 797 18.4 184701991 2680 2961 56 54440 60160 13650 3.1 4.9 21.7 957 18.1 194301992 2987 3213 56 59630 64140 12890 3.2 5.0 24.9 1019 17.8 203501993 3123 3274 56 66600 69820 14220 3.2 4.7 23.0 1020 17.4 217501994 3304 3386 56 74960 76840 14930 3.3 4.4 22.7 1036 17.1 235001995 3970 3970 60 84300 84300 16550 3.3 4.7 24.0 1191 18.0 25290

Slovakia P P P P P1993 405 425 33 16740 17550 8266 5.3 2.4 5.1 80 6.2 33001994 440 451 47 18050 18510 7204 5.3 2.4 6.3 84 8.8 34671995 577 577 52 19380 19380 8489 5.4 3.0 6.8 108 9.7 3619

Slovenia P P P P P1992 341 367 15 18670 20080 NA 2.0 1.8 NA 187 7.6 102201993 195 204 12 19470 20420 8654 2.0 1.0 2.4 104 6.1 104001994 438 449 17 21040 21570 9295 2.0 2.1 4.8 229 8.7 110001995 344 344 10 22600 22600 9904 2.0 1.5 3.5 176 5.1 11550

Somalia E E E1985 NA NA 43 735 1008 NA 7.7 NA NA NA 5.6 1311986 25 33 50 772 1030 109 8.0 3.2 30.0 4 6.3 1291987 NA NA 50 848 1098 NA 8.3 NA NA NA 6.1 1331988 NA NA 47 869 1085 NA 8.3 NA NA NA 5.7 1311989 12 14 47 897 1074 NA 8.2 1.3 NA 2 5.7 1311990 8 9 47 904 1039 NA 8.3 .9 NA 1 5.6 1251991 NA NA NA 917 E 1013E NA 8.3 NA NA NA NA 1221992 NA NA NA 790 E 850E NA 8.0 NA NA NA NA 1061993 NA NA NA 806 E 845E NA 8.1 NA NA NA NA 1041994 NA NA NA 775 E 794E NA 8.6 NA NA NA NA 931995 NA NA NA 810 E 810E NA 9.2 NA NA NA NA 88

South Africa1985 3124 4282 95 82730 113400 36960 33.4 3.8 11.6 128 2.8 33941986 3282 4381 90 84940 113400 38050 34.2 3.9 11.5 128 2.6 33191987 3891 E 5037E 102 90200 116800 40190 34.9 4.3 12.5 144 2.9 33461988 4153 5185 100 97690 122000 41050 35.6 4.3 12.6 145 2.8 34221989 4479 5366 100 104300 125000 39960 36.4 4.3 13.4 147 2.7 34341990 4545 E 5223E 85 107300 123400 41390 37.2 4.2 12.6 140 2.3 33171991 3921 E 4332E 80 111200 122800 37730 38.0 3.5 11.5 114 2.1 32321992 3281 3529 72 111100 119500 40140 38.9 3.0 8.8 91 1.9 30751993 3537 3708 72 116100 121700 40480 39.6 3.0 9.2 94 1.8 30721994 3015 3091 102 123700 126800 41690 40.3 2.4 7.4 77 2.5 31481995 2895 2895 100 130600 130600 43050 41.0 2.2 6.7 71 2.4 3185

90

ARMEDFORCES

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Constant1995

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Constant1995

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Constant1995

Constant1995

Soviet Union P,E P,E P P P c c,f 1985 277200 379900 3900 2118000 2903000 759300 278.9 13.1 50.0 1362 14.0 104101986 287600 383900 3900 2250000 3003000 818200 281.5 12.8 46.9 1364 13.9 106701987 303000 392200 3900 2348000 3039000 854300 284.0 12.9 45.9 1381 13.7 107001988 319000 398300 3900 2507000 3130000 854500 286.4 12.7 46.6 1390 13.6 109301989 303000 363000 3700 2645000 3170000 835300E 288.7 11.5 43.5 1257 12.8 109801990 292000 335600 3400 2660000 3057000 779400E 290.9 11.0 43.1 1153 11.7 105101991 260000 287300 3000 2531000 E 2797000E NA 293.0 10.3 NA 980 10.2 9546

Spain1985 7338 10060 314 303000 415300 144800 38.4 2.4 6.9 262 8.2 108101986 7189 9595 314 321900 429600 146300 38.5 2.2 6.6 249 8.2 111601987 8347 10800 314 350800 454000 157500 38.6 2.4 6.9 280 8.1 117601988 8023 10020 304 381700 476600 164300 38.7 2.1 6.1 259 7.9 123201989 8633 10340 277 417500 500300 127100 38.7 2.1 8.1 267 7.1 129101990 8382 9633 263 451400 518700 126400 38.8 1.9 7.6 248 6.8 133701991 8357 9234 246 479500 529900 129000 38.8 1.7 7.2 238 6.3 136401992 7878 8474 198 495000 532400 140200 38.9 1.6 6.0 218 5.1 136801993 8806 9232 204 503000 527300 155100 39.0 1.8 6.0 237 5.2 135201994 8156 8361 213 524700 537900 150800 39.1 1.6 5.5 214 5.5 137701995 8652 8652 210 553800 E 553800E 153700 39.1 1.6 5.6 221 5.4 14160

Sri Lanka1985 174 238 22 6091 8348 2852 16.0 2.9 8.4 15 1.4 5211986 159 212 22 6533 8720 2888 16.3 2.4 7.4 13 1.4 5361987 209 271 22 6824 8833 2881 16.5 3.1 9.4 16 1.3 5351988 334 417 22 7256 9060 3131 16.7 4.6 13.3 25 1.3 5411989 334 E 400E 22 7724 9255 3041 17.0 4.3 13.2 24 1.3 5451990 411 E 472E 22 8572 9852 3078 17.2 4.8 15.3 27 1.3 5721991 451 E 499E 110 9324 10300 3335 17.5 4.8 15.0 29 6.3 5901992 375 404 110 9983 10740 2960 17.7 3.8 13.6 23 6.2 6071993 536 E 562E 110 11030 11560 3244 17.9 4.9 17.3 31 6.1 6451994 541 E 554E 110 11900 12200 3585 18.1 4.5 15.5 31 6.1 6731995 585 E 585E 110 12820 12820 3738 18.3 4.6 15.7 32 6.0 699

Sudan E E E1985 106 146 65 3329 4563 NA 23.5 3.2 NA 6 2.8 1941986 96 128 59 3578 4776 NA 24.2 2.7 NA 5 2.4 1981987 152 197 59 3828 4954 NA 24.7 4.0 NA 8 2.4 2001988 197 245 65 3770 4707 NA 25.3 5.2 NA 10 2.6 1861989 234 280 65 4246 5088 455 25.8 5.5 61.5 11 2.5 1971990 178 204 65 4407 5065 NA 26.6 4.0 NA 8 2.4 1901991 481 531 65 4659 5149 NA 27.4 10.3 NA 19 2.4 1881992 NA NA 82 5334 5738 NA 28.2 NA NA NA 2.9 2031993 NA NA 82 5854 E 6137E NA 28.9 NA NA NA 2.8 2121994 426 436 82 6406 E 6567E 1162 29.6 6.6 37.6 15 2.8 2221995 NA NA 89 6567 E 6567E 1325 30.3 NA NA NA 2.9 217

91

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Constant1995

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Constant1995

Constant1995

Suriname1985 17 E 24E 2 652 893 446 0.4 2.7 5.4 64 5.3 23771986 21 E 28E 3 821 1096 578 .4 2.6 4.9 74 7.9 28871987 NA NA 4 1278 1654 825 .4 NA NA NA 9.7 43171988 38 47 4 1236 1543 648 .4 3.0 7.2 121 10.3 39861989 26 31 4 994 1191 NA .4 2.6 NA 78 10.2 30351990 41 47 4 1036 1191 NA .4 4.0 NA 119 10.0 29901991 43 E 48E 4 1157 1279 NA .4 3.8 NA 119 9.9 31661992 29 E 32E 2 1348 1450 NA .4 2.2 NA 77 4.9 35361993 57 60 2 1210 1269 NA .4 4.7 NA 144 4.8 30481994 39 E 40E 2 1194 1224 NA .4 3.3 NA 95 4.7 28941995 39 E 39E 2 1302 1302 NA .4 3.0 NA 90 4.7 3030

Swaziland1985 10 13 3 612 839 255 0.7 1.6 5.2 19 4.3 11911986 10 13 3 630 841 243 .7 1.6 5.4 18 4.1 11541987 9 12 3 669 866 233 .8 1.4 5.0 15 3.9 11361988 9 11 3 749 935 214 .8 1.2 5.3 14 3.8 11861989 9 11 4 720 863 242 .8 1.3 4.5 13 4.9 10601990 14 17 3 859 987 252 .9 1.7 6.6 19 3.5 11571991 14 16 3 899 993 274 .9 1.6 5.8 18 3.4 11231992 19 21 3 941 1012 365 .9 2.1 5.7 23 3.3 11301993 23 24 3 948 994 383 .9 2.5 6.4 27 3.3 10961994 25 25 3 992 1017 416 .9 2.5 6.1 27 3.2 10861995 27 27 3 1048 1048 391 1.0 2.6 7.0 28 3.1 1084

Sweden1985 4308 5904 69 145100 198900 97150 8.4 3.0 6.1 707 8.3 238001986 4367 5829 66 152900 204100 95590 8.4 2.9 6.1 696 7.8 243701987 4555 5896 66 163200 211200 91490 8.4 2.8 6.4 701 7.8 251301988 4806 6001 65 172400 215200 92590 8.4 2.8 6.5 711 7.7 254901989 4780 5727 62 183200 219500 92920 8.5 2.6 6.2 674 7.3 258401990 5138 5905 65 192400 221100 98540 8.6 2.7 6.0 690 7.6 258301991 5476 6051 63 197900 218700 100600 8.6 2.8 6.0 702 7.3 253601992 5207 5601 45 198600 213600 105400 8.7 2.6 5.3 646 5.2 246301993 5673 5947 44 198200 207800 116400 8.7 2.9 5.1 682 5.0 238301994 5832 5978 70 207200 212400 112000 8.8 2.8 5.3 681 8.0 241801995 6042 6042 51 218700 E 218700E 103600 8.8 2.8 5.8 683 5.8 24730

Switzerland1985 4708 E 6452E 23 197600 270900 NA 6.5 2.4 NA 987 3.5 414401986 4748 E 6337E 21 206900 276200 NA 6.6 2.3 NA 965 3.2 420301987 4535 E 5870E 20 217200 281100 NA 6.6 2.1 NA 888 3.0 425301988 4700 E 5868E 23 233700 291800 NA 6.7 2.0 NA 881 3.5 438201989 5144 E 6163E 17 252100 302100 NA 6.7 2.0 NA 918 2.5 450001990 5531 E 6357E 22 267000 306900 NA 6.8 2.1 NA 938 3.2 452701991 4986 5510 22 277700 306800 71680 6.9 1.8 7.7 796 3.2 443501992 5028 5408 31 283400 304800 75030 7.0 1.8 7.2 773 4.4 435801993 4651 4876 31 288700 302700 81280 7.1 1.6 6.0 691 4.4 428801994 4896 5019 39 301500 309000 NA 7.1 1.6 NA 705 5.5 434301995 5034 5034 29E 315700 E 315700E NA 7.2 1.6 NA 703 4.0 44070

92

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Constant1995

Syria E,d E,d1985 5432 7445 402 24960 34210 17730E 10.5 21.8 42.0 709 38.3 32581986 4404 5878 400 24500 32710 11390 10.9 18.0 51.6 540 36.7 30031987 2880 3727 400 24690 31960 9221 11.3 11.7 40.4 330 35.4 29291988 NA NA 400 29240 36510 8603 11.7 NA NA NA 34.2 31181989 3748 4491 400 26220 31410 8543 12.1 14.3 52.6 370 32.9 25871990 4391 5045 408 29980 34460 7955 12.6 14.6 63.4 400 32.3 27301991 NA NA 408 33420 36930 10010 13.1 NA NA NA 31.1 28161992 NA NA 408 37970 E 40840E 10180 13.6 NA NA NA 30.0 30051993 NA NA 408 41560 E 43570E 10870 14.1 NA NA NA 29.0 30951994 NA NA 320 45150 E 46280E 13290 14.6 NA NA NA 22.0 31761995 3563 3563 320 49520 E 49520E NA 15.1 7.2 NA 236 21.2 3283

Tajikistan P P P P1992 NA NA 3 E 9625 10350 NA 5.6 NA NA NA 0.5 18491993 NA NA 3 8128 8521 NA 5.7 NA NA NA .5 15011994 NA NA 3 6882 7055 NA 5.8 NA NA NA .5 12261995 209 209 8 5639 5639 NA 5.8 3.7 NA 36 1.4 967

Tanzania1985 68 94 43 1816 2489 729 21.6 3.8 12.8 4 2.0 1151986 NA NA 40 2138 2853 708 22.2 NA NA NA 1.8 1281987 94 E 122E 40 2284 2957 826 22.9 4.1 14.8 5 1.7 1291988 98 E 122E 40 2432 3036 837 23.6 4.0 14.6 5 1.7 1291989 91 109 40 2608 3125 734 24.2 3.5 14.8 4 1.7 1291990 98 E 112E 40 2829 3251 720 24.8 3.5 15.6 5 1.6 1311991 NA NA 40 3081 3405 876 25.5 NA NA NA 1.6 1341992 106 114 46 3226 3470 927 26.1 3.3 12.3 4 1.8 1331993 103 108 46 3399 3563 996 26.7 3.0 10.9 4 1.7 1331994 82 84 50 3647 3739 1171 27.6 2.3 7.2 3 1.8 1351995 69 69 35E 3840 E 3840E 817 28.6 1.8 8.4 2 1.2 134

Thailand1985 2066 2832 235 48990 67150 14370 51.3 4.2 19.7 55 4.6 13101986 2004 2675 256 52940 70670 14360 52.0 3.8 18.6 51 4.9 13581987 1991 2577 256 59960 77610 14150 52.8 3.3 18.2 49 4.8 14691988 2020 2522 256 70500 88020 14140 53.6 2.9 17.8 47 4.8 16431989 2136 2560 283 82670 99060 14520 54.3 2.6 17.6 47 5.2 18241990 2372 2726 283 96360 110700 15960 55.1 2.5 17.1 50 5.1 20121991 2722 3008 283 107900 119300 17730 55.7 2.5 17.0 54 5.1 21411992 3154 3392 283 119400 128400 19990 56.3 2.6 17.0 60 5.0 22791993 3804 3988 295 132500 138900 22730 57.0 2.9 17.5 70 5.2 24371994 3970 4069 290 147100 150700 25870 57.6 2.7 15.7 71 5.0 26161995 4014 4014 288 163400 163400 26410 58.2 2.5 15.2 69 4.9 2806

93

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MEPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars

ARMEDFORCES

PER1000

PEOPLE

Soldiers

GNPPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars


YEAR


(ME)

Million dollars


(GNP)

Million dollars




Constant1995

Constant1995

Togo1985 21 29 7 787 1079 413 3.1 2.6 6.9 9 2.3 3511986 25 33 7 835 1115 433 3.2 2.9 7.6 10 2.2 3501987 31 41 8 868 1123 365 3.3 3.6 11.1 12 2.4 3401988 NA NA 6 964 1203 265E 3.4 NA NA NA 1.7 3521989 34 E 41E 6 1049 1257 253E 3.5 3.3 16.3 12 1.7 3541990 34 E 39E 8 1104 1269 287E 3.7 3.1 13.8 11 2.2 3451991 34 E 38E 8 1138 1257 325E 3.8 3.0 11.7 10 2.1 3291992 32 E 34E 6 1100 1184 NA 4.0 2.9 NA 9 1.5 2991993 37 E 39E 6 961 1008 NA 4.1 3.9 NA 10 1.5 2461994 30 E 30E 6 1079 1106 NA 4.3 2.7 NA 7 1.4 2601995 28 28 12 1227 1227 274E 4.4 2.3 10.2 6 2.7 278

Trinidad & Tobago1985 NA NA 2 3774 5173 2279 1.2 NA NA NA 1.7 43501986 NA NA 2 3738 4989 1974 1.2 NA NA NA 1.7 41281987 NA NA 2 3660 4738 1838 1.2 NA NA NA 1.6 38671988 NA NA 2 3617 4515 1665 1.2 NA NA NA 1.6 36451989 54 65 2 3646 4369 1484 1.2 1.5 4.4 52 1.7 34991990 NA NA 2 3898 4480 NA 1.3 NA NA NA 1.6 35681991 NA NA 2 4128 4562 1593 1.3 NA NA NA 1.6 36181992 62 E 66E 3 4167 4482 NA 1.3 1.5 NA 53 2.4 35461993 63 E 66E 3 4266 4472 1647E 1.3 1.5 4.0 52 2.4 35301994 83 85 3 4461 4573 NA 1.3 1.9 NA 67 2.4 36021995 82 82 3 4749 4749 NA 1.3 1.7 NA 64 2.4 3736

Tunisia1985 320 E 439E 38 8938 12250 4973 7.2 3.6 8.8 61 5.3 17011986 325 E 434E 38 9017 12040 5248 7.4 3.6 8.3 59 5.1 16301987 210 271 38 9882 12790 4872 7.6 2.1 5.6 36 5.0 16911988 292 364 40 10280 12840 4797 7.7 2.8 7.6 47 5.2 16601989 324 388 40 10920 13080 5019 7.9 3.0 7.7 49 5.1 16571990 342 393 35 12460 14320 5454 8.0 2.7 7.2 49 4.3 17801991 364 402 35 13380 14780 5142 8.2 2.7 7.8 49 4.3 18011992 358 386 35 14820 15940 5297 8.4 2.4 7.3 46 4.2 19041993 384 402 35 15410 16150 6393E 8.5 2.5 6.3 47 4.1 18931994 392 402 35 16220 16630 NA 8.7 2.4 NA 46 4.0 19131995 345 345 35 17350 17350 NA 8.9 2.0 NA 39 4.0 1959

Turkey1985 3568 4890 814 77650 106400 27270 50.7 4.6 17.9 97 16.1 21001986 4253 5676 860 86900 116000 25250 51.8 4.9 22.5 110 16.6 22401987 3268 4230 879 98990 128100 21850 52.9 3.3 19.4 80 16.6 24231988 3092 3860 847 105400 131600 21850 54.0 2.9 17.7 72 15.7 24381989 3379 4049 780 108800 130300 21990 55.1 3.1 18.4 74 14.2 23671990 4323 4968 769 123800 142300 24490 56.1 3.5 20.3 89 13.7 25361991 4876 5388 804 130800 144500 30160 57.2 3.7 17.9 94 14.1 25261992 5437 5849 704 141800 152500 31150 58.3 3.8 18.8 100 12.1 26181993 6111 6406 686 157000 164600 40430 59.3 3.9 15.8 108 11.6 27751994 6168 6322 811 153000 156800 36410 60.4 4.0 17.4 105 13.4 25971995 6606 6606 805 166700 166700 37610 61.4 4.0 17.6 108 13.1 2714

94

ARMEDFORCES

Thousands

PEOPLE

Millions

MEGNP

%

MECGE

%

MEPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars

ARMEDFORCES

PER1000

PEOPLE

Soldiers

GNPPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars


YEAR


(ME)

Million dollars


(GNP)

Million dollars




Constant1995

Constant1995

Turkmenistan P P P P P1992 NA NA 28 NA NA 4227 3.8 NA NA NA 7.3 NA1993 NA NA 28 NA NA NA 3.9 NA NA NA 7.1 NA1994 NA NA 15 NA NA NA 4.0 NA NA NA 3.7 NA1995 196 196 21 11500 11500 NA 4.1 1.7 NA 48 5.2 2822

Uganda1985 46 63 15 2236 3064 403 14.2 2.0 15.6 4 1.1 2161986 67 89 15 2320 3096 359 14.7 2.9 24.7 6 1.0 2111987 146 189 25 2495 3229 299 15.3 5.9 63.2 12 1.6 2121988 61 77 35 2788 3481 301 15.9 2.2 25.4 5 2.2 2191989 65 78 40 3077 3687 304 16.5 2.1 25.8 5 2.4 2241990 80 92 60 3401 3909 515 17.0 2.4 17.9 5 3.5 2291991 119 131 60 3741 4134 617 17.6 3.2 21.3 7 3.4 2351992 94 101 70 3933 4231 868 18.2 2.4 11.7 6 3.9 2331993 76 80 70 4407 4621 874 18.8 1.7 9.1 4 3.7 2461994 71 73 60 4771 4890 963 19.3 1.5 7.6 4 3.1 2531995 126 126 52E 5421 5421 946 19.7 2.3 13.3 6 2.6 275

Ukraine P P P P P1992 3905 4200 438E 205600 221100 186300E 51.7 1.9 2.3 81 8.5 42801993 3247 3404 510 180400 189100 NA 51.6 1.8 NA 66 9.9 36671994 4378 4488 495 141200 144700 NA 51.3 3.1 NA 87 9.6 28191995 3588 3588 476 123700 123700 46200 51.1 2.9 7.8 70 9.3 2422

United Arab Emirates E E1985 1901 E 2606E 44 28520 39090 5986 1.6 6.7 43.5 1660 28.0 248901986 1580 E 2109E 44 22700 30300 4863 1.7 7.0 43.4 1231 25.7 176801987 1587 2055 44 24760 32050 4675 1.8 6.4 44.0 1112 23.8 173501988 1587 1982 43 25040 31260 4484 2.0 6.3 44.2 000 21.7 157701989 1587 1902 43 28970 34720 4396 2.1 5.5 43.3 899 20.3 164001990 2590 E 2977E 66 35720 41050 4521 2.3 7.3 65.8 1322 29.3 182301991 4900 E 5415E 66 35990 39770 4590 2.4 13.6 118.0 2268 27.6 166601992 2098 2256 55 36700 39480 4562 2.5 5.7 49.5 894 21.8 156501993 2125 2228 55 36950 38740 4447 2.7 5.7 50.1 838 20.7 145801994 2125 E 2178E 60 38140 39090 4382 2.8 5.6 49.7 780 21.5 140101995 1880 E 1880E 60 38950 38950 4900E 2.9 4.8 38.4 643 20.5 13320

United Kingdom1985 33450 45850 334 652700 894600 362700 56.6 5.1 12.6 810 5.9 158001986 33910 45260 331 699700 933900 363500 56.8 4.8 12.5 797 5.8 164501987 34440 44570 328 752800 974400 359000 56.9 4.6 12.4 783 5.8 171201988 33700 42070 324 816600 1019000 355100 57.1 4.1 11.8 737 5.7 178601989 35450 42480 318 868000 1040000 357800 57.2 4.1 11.9 742 5.6 181701990 37090 42630 308 902600 1037000 382100 57.4 4.1 11.2 742 5.4 180701991 39620 43780 301 919900 1016000 397800 57.8 4.3 11.0 757 5.2 175801992 36580 39340 293 950300 1022000 423800 58.0 3.8 9.3 679 5.1 176401993 36050 37790 271 996200 1044000 435000 58.1 3.6 8.7 650 4.7 179801994 35440 36330 257 1058000 1084000 438200 58.2 3.4 8.3 624 4.4 186201995 33400 33400 233 1110000E 1110000E 462100 58.4 3.0 7.2 572 4.0 19020

95

ARMEDFORCES

Thousands

PEOPLE

Millions

MEGNP

%

MECGE

%

MEPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars

ARMEDFORCES

PER1000

PEOPLE

Soldiers

GNPPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars


YEAR


(ME)

Million dollars


(GNP)

Million dollars




Constant1995

Constant1995

United States1985 258200 353800 2244 4201000 5758000 1376000 238.5 6.1 25.7 1484 9.4 241401986 280900 374900 2269 4435000 5920000 1383000 240.7 6.3 27.1 1558 9.4 246001987 288200 373000 2279 4701000 6085000 1369000 242.8 6.1 27.2 1536 9.4 250601988 293100 365900 2246 5063000 6321000 1396000 245.0 5.8 26.2 1493 9.2 258001989 304100 364300 2241 5453000 6533000 1426000 247.3 5.6 25.5 1473 9.1 264101990 306200 351900 2181 5765000 6625000 1499000 249.9 5.3 23.5 1408 8.7 265101991 280300 309700 2115 5932000 6555000 1583000 252.6 4.7 19.6 1226 8.4 259501992 305100 328200 1919 6255000 6729000 1554000 255.4 4.9 21.1 1285 7.5 263401993 297600 312000 1815 6563000 6881000 1564000 258.1 4.5 19.9 1209 7.0 266601994 288100 295300 1715 6932000 7106000 1571000 260.7 4.2 18.8 1133 6.6 272601995 277800 277800 1620 7247000 7247000 1598000 263.0 3.8 17.4 1056 6.2 27550

Upper Volta (see Burkina Faso)

Uruguay1985 238 326 30 8221 11270 3076 3.0 2.9 10.6 108 10.0 37451986 253 337 30 9364 12500 3346 3.0 2.7 10.1 111 9.9 41291987 209 270 28 10570 13680 3515 3.0 2.0 7.7 89 9.2 44941988 243 303 29 10930 13650 3726 3.1 2.2 8.1 99 9.5 44561989 283 340 27 11510 13790 3882 3.1 2.5 8.7 110 8.8 44711990 301 346 25 12160 13970 3806 3.1 2.5 9.1 111 8.0 44991991 288 E 318E 25 13070 14440 4074 3.1 2.2 7.8 102 8.0 46171992 333 359 25 14460 15550 4495 3.1 2.3 8.0 114 7.9 49381993 290 E 304E 25 15020 15750 5444 3.2 1.9 5.6 96 7.9 49661994 437 448 25 16250 16660 6174 3.2 2.7 7.3 140 7.8 52171995 410 E 410E 25 17170 17170 5574 3.2 2.4 7.3 127 7.8 5339

Uzbekistan P P P P P1992 NA NA 40 54290 58390 26430 21.7 NA NA NA 1.8 26961993 1751 1836 41 54500 57130 NA 22.1 3.2 NA 83 1.9 25831994 1890 1937 20 53670 55020 NA 22.6 3.5 NA 86 .9 24401995 2062 2062 21 53970 53970 NA 23.0 3.8 NA 90 .9 2348

Venezuela E E1985 862 1182 71 40910 56060 12870 17.0 2.1 9.2 70 4.2 32981986 1001 1336 66 45120 60230 15060 17.5 2.2 8.9 77 3.8 34511987 1425 1844 69 48300 62510 14250 17.9 2.9 12.9 103 3.9 34901988 1097 1370 73 52940 66100 16340 18.4 2.1 8.4 75 4.0 35971989 1110 1330 75 49590 59420 11890 18.9 2.2 11.2 71 4.0 31521990 1143 1314 75 56150 64530 14650 19.3 2.0 9.0 68 3.9 33391991 2394 2645 73 64390 71150 16920 19.8 3.7 15.6 134 3.7 35931992 1809 1946 75 69160 74390 17210 20.3 2.6 11.3 96 3.7 36711993 1265 1326 75 71410 74860 16030 20.7 1.8 8.3 64 3.6 36161994 1153 1182 75 70730 72500 17340 21.1 1.6 6.8 56 3.5 34301995 854 854 75 74550 74550 13650E 21.6 1.1 6.3 40 3.5 3457

96

ARMEDFORCES

Thousands

PEOPLE

Millions

MEGNP

%

MECGE

%

MEPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars

ARMEDFORCES

PER1000

PEOPLE

Soldiers

GNPPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars


YEAR


(ME)

Million dollars


(GNP)

Million dollars




Constant1995

Constant1995

Vietnam E E E E E1985 NA NA 1027 NA NA NA 60.8 NA NA NA 16.9 NA1986 2406 3211 1260 12400 16550 3145 62.1 19.4 102.1 52 20.3 2661987 NA NA 1260 12600 16310 2707 63.6 NA NA NA 19.8 2571988 NA NA 1252 13200 16480 3032 65.0 NA NA NA 19.3 2541989 NA NA 1249 14200 17010 3182 64.9 NA NA NA 19.2 2621990 723 831 1052 13900 15970 3131 66.3 5.2 26.5 13 15.9 2411991 720 796 1041 15000 16580 1989 67.7 4.8 40.0 12 15.4 2451992 NA NA 550 16730 18000 2151 69.0 NA NA NA 8.0 2611993 NA NA 550 18490 19380 NA 70.3 NA NA NA 7.8 2761994 435 446 550 20180 20680 4613 71.6 2.2 9.7 6 7.7 2891995 544 544 550 21300 21300 5000 72.8 2.6 10.9 7 7.6 293

Yemen (Aden) E E1985 197 270 27 1375 1884 NA 2.2 14.3 NA 122 12.2 8521986 210 280 34 1186 1583 NA 2.3 17.7 NA 123 14.9 6941987 206 267 40 1230 1592 NA 2.4 16.8 NA 114 17.0 6771988 217 271 88 1254 1565 1086 2.4 17.3 24.9 112 36.1 6451989g 232 278 88 1273 1526 NA 2.5 18.2 NA 111 34.9 609

Yemen (Sanaa)1985 127 175 28 2404 3294 619 6.2 5.3 28.2 28 4.5 5341986 135 180 28 2622 3500 657 6.3 5.2 27.5 28 4.4 5521987 138 178 43 2801 3625 816 6.5 4.9 21.9 27 6.6 5551988 257 321 62 3103 3874 1070 6.7 8.3 30.0 48 9.2 5751989 305 365 62 3076 E 3685E 1227 6.9 9.9 29.8 53 8.9 5311990g 848 975 127 7268 8353 3429 11.6 11.7 28.4 84 11.0 7211991 979 E 1082E 127 7142 7892 3712 11.2 13.7 29.1 96 11.3 7021992 1116 E 1201E 64 6999 7529 4024 11.7 16.0 29.8 103 5.5 6451993 1153 1209 64 7351 7707 4113 12.1 15.7 29.4 100 5.3 6361994 NA NA 69 8373 8583 NA 12.6 NA NA NA 5.5 6841995 NA NA 68 8892 E 8892E NA 13.0 NA NA NA 5.2 683

Yugoslavia1985 3711 5085 258 100800 138100 9273 23.1 3.7 54.8 220 11.2 59721986 4149 5538 234 105100 140200 9234 23.3 3.9 60.0 238 10.0 60241987 3901 5049 234 94860 122800 9165 23.4 4.1 55.1 216 10.0 52421988 4161 5195 229 110800 138400 10670 23.6 3.8 48.7 220 9.7 58721989 3118 3736 225 112700 135100 7021 23.7 2.8 53.2 158 9.5 56991990 4256 E 4891E 180 105700 121400 8896E 23.8 4.0 55.0 205 7.6 50991991 3608 E 3986E 169 92860 E 102600E NA 23.9 3.9 NA 167 7.1 4287

97

ARMEDFORCES

Thousands

PEOPLE

Millions

MEGNP

%

MECGE

%

MEPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars

ARMEDFORCES

PER1000

PEOPLE

Soldiers

GNPPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars


YEAR


(ME)

Million dollars


(GNP)

Million dollars




Constant1995

Constant1995

Zaire1985 68 93 62 5535 7586 947 32.3 1.2 9.8 3 1.9 2351986 143 191 53 6332 8451 1050 33.3 2.3 18.2 6 1.6 2541987 NA NA 53 6867 8888 NA 34.4 NA NA NA 1.5 2581988 207 259 51 7291 9102 1944 35.5 2.8 13.3 7 1.4 2561989 NA NA 51 7497 8983 1337 36.7 NA NA NA 1.4 2451990 NA NA 55 7567 8697 1866 37.8 NA NA NA 1.5 2301991 NA NA 60 7140 7889 2202 39.1 NA NA NA 1.5 2021992 239 257 55 6429 6915 1602 40.2 3.7 16.1 6 1.4 1721993 500 524 55 5556 5824 2058 41.4 9.0 25.5 13 1.3 1411994 36 37 53 5216 5346 294 42.7 .7 12.6 1 1.2 1251995 17 17 49 5190 5190 468 45.4 .3 3.7 0 1.1 114

Zambia1985 NA NA 16 2372 3251 1381 6.8 NA NA NA 2.4 4791986 NA NA 17 2265 3024 1716 7.1 NA NA NA 2.4 4281987 NA NA 17 2464 3190 1205 7.3 NA NA NA 2.3 4361988 73 E 91E 17 2803 3500 1162 7.6 2.6 7.9 12 2.2 4631989 92 E 110E 17 2982 3573 1039 7.8 3.1 10.6 14 2.2 4581990 84 E 96E 16 3151 3621 993 8.0 2.7 9.7 12 2.0 4521991 NA NA 16 3171 3504 1637 8.2 NA NA NA 1.9 4251992 51 E 54E 16 3340 3592 1111 8.4 1.5 4.9 6 1.9 4271993 60 E 63E 16 3597 3771 533 8.6 1.7 11.8 7 1.9 4401994 43 44 16 3540 3628 916 8.8 1.2 4.8 5 1.8 4131995 102 102 22 3612 3612 810 9.0 2.8 12.6 11 2.4 403

Zimbabwe1985 201 275 46 3496 4792 1904 8.6 5.7 14.4 32 5.3 5571986 230 307 45 3618 4828 1964 8.9 6.4 15.6 34 5.1 5421987 280 362 45 3709 4801 2243 9.2 7.5 16.1 39 4.9 5201988 265 331 45 4177 5215 2211 9.6 6.3 15.0 35 4.7 5461989 285 341 51 4629 5546 2279 9.9 6.1 15.0 35 5.2 5631990 261 300 45 4923 5658 2305 10.1 5.3 13.0 30 4.4 5591991 292 E 323E 45 5220 5768 2311 10.4 5.6 14.0 31 4.3 5561992 277 E 298E 48 5047 5429 2511E 10.6 5.5 11.9 28 4.5 5111993 235 E 246E 48 5470 5734 2340E 10.9 4.3 10.5 23 4.4 5261994 220 226 43 5709 5852 NA 11.1 3.9 NA 20 3.9 5281995 231 231 40 5754 5754 NA 11.2 4.0 NA 21 3.6 516

98

ARMEDFORCES

Thousands

PEOPLE

Millions

MEGNP

%

MECGE

%

MEPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars

ARMEDFORCES

PER1000

PEOPLE

Soldiers

GNPPER

CAPITA

Constant1995

Dollars


99

E Estimate based on partial or uncertain data. NA Not available. P Estimate based on PPP (see Statistical Notes).R Rough Estimate (see Statistical Notes). 0 Nil or negligible.

a In order to reduce distortions in the trends for world, region, and organization totals caused by data gaps for individual countries and years (shown as "NA"), rough approximations for all gaps are included in the totals.

b Estimated by adding arms imports to data on military expenditures, which are believed to exclude arms purchases. However, it should be noted that the value of arms deliveries in a given year, as shown in Table II (converted at current exchange rates), may differ significantly from actual expenditures on arms imports in that year.

c This ratio is calculated from the dollar values shown in previous columns. In most cases it also is equal to the ratio that could be calculated from national currency values, since both numerator and denominator are usually converted into dollars by the same exchange rate or other conversion factor. In the case of this country, however, the two variables are converted at differing rates, yielding a different ratio than would obtain in national currency. The ratio for Russia in rubles terms, for example, is believed to be less than 10 percent in 1995. See Statistical Notes, Military Expenditures-to-GNP Ratio for further discussion.

d This series or entry is believed to omit a major share of total military expenditures, probably including most expenditures on arms procurement. Table II shows estimated annual arms imports; it should be kept in mind, however, that data in Table II represent the estimated value of arms delivered in a given year, not actual expenditures on those arms.

e Germany, (The Federal Republic of), was known as West Germany through 1990, when data for East Germany ended.

f Some part of estimated total military expenditures may not be included in announced central budget expenditures. The ratio of ME to CGE therefore may be overstated.

g Unified Yemen as of 1990 is shown under Yemen (Sanaa); data for Yemen (Aden) end in 1989.

TABLE II. Arms Transfer Deliveries and Total Trade, 1985-1995By Region, Organization, and Country

YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS

%Current Current Current CurrentConstant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

WORLD e e e e1985 52890 72490 52890 72490 1987000 2723000 1937000 2655000 2.7 2.71986 53460 71360 53460 71360 2150000 2870000 2123000 2833000 2.5 2.51987 63670 82410 63670 82410 2520000 3262000 2473000 3201000 2.5 2.61988 59860 74730 59860 74730 2868000 3581000 2800000 3496000 2.1 2.11989 53820 64490 53820 64490 3096000 3710000 3007000 3603000 1.7 1.81990 47940 55100 47940 55100 3528000 4054000 3394000 3901000 1.4 1.41991 35550 39280 35550 39280 3524000 3894000 3412000 3770000 1.0 1.01992 29150 31350 29150 31350 3722000 4003000 3626000 3901000 .8 .81993 30730 32220 30730 32220 3652000 3829000 3611000 3786000 .8 .81994 26070 26720 26070 26720 4138000 4241000 4094000 4197000 .6 .61995 31940 31940 31940 31940 4897000 4897000 4882000 4882000 .7 .7

DEVELOPED e e e e1985 15150 20760 49420 67740 1614000 2212000 1542000 2113000 0.9 3.21986 14850 19820 50310 67160 1785000 2383000 1780000 2376000 .8 2.81987 19620 25400 58810 76120 2137000 2766000 2082000 2695000 .9 2.81988 18960 23680 53210 66430 2428000 3031000 2368000 2957000 .8 2.21989 18740 22460 49340 59120 2621000 3140000 2520000 3019000 .7 2.01990 14770 16980 44920 51620 3000000 3448000 2837000 3260000 .5 1.61991 13570 15000 33360 36860 2964000 3275000 2857000 3157000 .5 1.21992 11340 12200 27380 29450 3057000 3288000 2994000 3221000 .4 .91993 13680 14350 28780 30170 2937000 3079000 2966000 3109000 .5 1.01994 10690 10960 24310 24920 3348000 3432000 3355000 3439000 .3 .71995 10550 10550 30120 30120 3944000 3944000 3979000 3979000 .3 .8

DEVELOPING e e e e1985 37890 51940 3505 4804 372700 510800 395700 542400 10.2 0.91986 38620 51550 3350 4471 365100 487300 342300 456800 10.6 1.01987 44040 57010 4780 6187 383200 496100 390600 505600 11.5 1.21988 40790 50930 6645 8296 440600 550100 432000 539300 9.3 1.51989 35210 42190 4400 5272 475600 569800 487200 583700 7.4 .91990 33190 38150 2955 3396 527300 606000 557400 640600 6.3 .51991 21820 24110 2185 2414 559800 618600 555100 613300 3.9 .41992 17780 19120 1860 2001 664800 715100 632100 679900 2.7 .31993 17050 17870 1860 1950 714600 749200 645500 676800 2.4 .31994 15350 15730 1735 1778 789400 809100 739000 757500 1.9 .21995 21340 21340 1875 1875 952900 952900 903300 903300 2.2 .2

100

TOTALSd

TABLE II. Arms Transfer Deliveries and Total Trade, 1985-1995By Region, Organization, and Country — continued

YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

AFRICA, ALL1985 5455 7476 190 260 61770 84660 76860 105300 8.8 0.21986 4955 6614 110 147 60150 80290 63100 84230 8.2 .21987 7010 9073 90 116 62750 81220 74310 96180 11.2 .11988 6520 8140 190 237 71710 89530 71850 89700 9.1 .31989 4980 5967 270 324 74030 88700 80090 95960 6.7 .31990 2880 3310 120 138 83830 96340 102000 117300 3.4 .11991 1610 1779 30 33 84600 93490 95680 105700 1.9 01992 990 1065 105 113 91290 98190 96320 103600 1.1 .11993 935 980 170 178 86970 91180 88680 92970 1.1 .21994 1615 1655 240 246 90530 92800 87720 89920 1.8 .31995 840 840 100 100 128600 128600 122500 122500 .7 .1

—NORTH AFRICA1985 2530 3467 90 123 20550 28160 27670 37930 12.3 0.31986 2000 2669 70 93 20100 26830 19760 26380 10.0 .41987 1760 2278 70 91 18650 24140 21240 27490 9.4 .31988 2050 2559 60 75 21660 27050 20790 25960 9.5 .31989 1875 2247 40 48 24000 28760 23840 28570 7.8 .21990 940 1080 60 69 27390 31480 33950 39010 3.4 .21991 630 696 20 22 24960 27580 31820 35160 2.5 .11992 195 210 10 11 27510 29590 29080 31280 .7 01993 110 115 0 0 26120 27380 26070 27330 .4 01994 310 318 0 0 27340 28030 24750 25370 1.1 01995 320 320 0 0 31620 31620 29270 29270 1.0 0

—SUBSAHARAN AFRICA (excluding South Africa)1985 2905 3981 10 14 29750 40780 32660 44760 9.8 0.01986 2935 3917 10 13 27070 36130 24880 33210 10.8 01987 5030 6511 0 0 28770 37240 29530 38220 17.5 01988 4270 5331 0 0 31290 39070 29500 36840 13.6 01989 2755 3301 30 36 31530 37780 34060 40810 8.7 .11990 1680 1931 10 11 38040 43710 44540 51190 4.4 01991 630 696 0 0 40810 45090 40550 44810 1.5 01992 535 575 5 5 44010 47340 43830 47150 1.2 01993 565 592 0 0 40840 42810 38350 40210 1.4 01994 1015 1040 10 10 39800 40800 37980 38930 2.6 01995 270 270 0 0 66430 66430 65340 65340 .4 0

101

BY REGIONd


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

AMERICAS:

—CENTRAL AMERICA and CARRIBEAN1985 2920 4002 5 7 20600 28230 14710 20160 14.2 0.01986 2450 3270 0 0 19980 26670 14050 18750 12.3 01987 2530 3275 0 0 19750 25570 12890 16690 12.8 01988 2555 3190 230 287 19510 24360 13330 16650 13.1 1.71989 1740 2085 5 6 21750 26070 13770 16500 8.0 01990 1620 1862 0 0 21660 24900 14170 16280 7.5 01991 725 801 0 0 19260 21280 11960 13210 3.8 01992 220 237 40 43 19580 21060 10940 11770 1.1 .41993 180 189 5 5 20630 21630 10460 10970 .9 01994 70 72 0 0 21150 21690 11760 12050 .3 01995 45 45 40 40 25700 25700 14670 14670 .2 .3

—NORTH AMERICA (NAFTA) e e1985 1950 2673 14380 19720 447100 612800 331900 454800 0.4 4.31986 2160 2883 12160 16230 479800 640400 333800 445600 .5 3.61987 2480 3210 18230 23600 529800 685700 373200 483000 .5 4.91988 3080 3845 14730 18400 591800 738900 460300 574700 .5 3.21989 2080 2492 16430 19690 637200 763400 508700 609500 .3 3.21990 2100 2413 14840 17060 670200 770200 548400 630200 .3 2.71991 2300 2542 14990 16570 671300 741800 576200 636700 .3 2.61992 2130 2291 14420 15510 731300 786700 610300 656500 .3 2.41993 1640 1719 15970 16740 792600 831000 640200 671200 .2 2.51994 1480 1517 12190 12500 905300 928000 712500 730400 .2 1.71995 1230 1230 15900 15900 986300 986300 825400 825400 .1 1.9

—SOUTH AMERICA1985 1020 1398 490 672 39490 54130 64100 87850 2.6 0.81986 970 1295 390 521 43490 58050 54370 72560 2.2 .71987 1185 1534 890 1152 49650 64270 60280 78020 2.4 1.51988 1275 1592 1050 1311 52350 65360 73300 91520 2.4 1.41989 1130 1354 340 407 51890 62170 81110 97180 2.2 .41990 630 724 105 121 56700 65160 86590 99510 1.1 .11991 770 851 85 94 66820 73840 84970 93890 1.2 .11992 520 559 190 204 81480 87640 89390 96150 .6 .21993 445 467 250 262 91240 95650 93030 97530 .5 .31994 460 472 220 226 107500 110200 108200 110900 .4 .21995 1295 1295 80 80 136900 136900 126500 126500 .9 .1

102


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

ASIA:

—CENTRAL ASIA and CAUCASUS1992 0 0 30 32 8628 9281 8823 9491 0.0 0.31993 95 100 10 10 8063 8453 8031 8419 1.2 .11994 90 92 30 31 11030 11310 9792 10040 .8 .31995 350 350 50 50 11010 11010 12260 12260 3.2 .4

—EAST ASIA1985 6140 8415 1465 2008 293500 402300 339800 465700 2.1 0.41986 6020 8035 1825 2436 294700 393400 387100 516700 2.0 .51987 7635 9882 2650 3430 355500 460100 458400 593300 2.1 .61988 7310 9127 4325 5400 454900 568000 542200 677000 1.6 .81989 6590 7896 3480 4170 516700 619100 580700 695800 1.3 .61990 5420 6229 2455 2821 579700 666300 627700 721400 .9 .41991 5265 5818 1730 1912 631600 697900 701000 774600 .8 .21992 4900 5271 1370 1474 670300 721000 770900 829200 .7 .21993 4125 4325 1390 1457 738200 773900 833900 874200 .6 .21994 5340 5474 925 948 859600 881100 969800 994100 .6 .11995 6425 6425 835 835 1060000 1060000 1051000 1151000 .6 .1

—MIDDLE EAST1985 20390 27950 805 1103 94360 129300 101400 139000 21.6 0.81986 19450 25960 950 1268 87640 117000 80840 107900 22.2 1.21987 23860 30880 1100 1424 87340 113000 87230 112900 27.3 1.31988 19620 24500 1320 1648 96120 120000 87240 108900 20.4 1.51989 15980 19150 1355 1624 99290 119000 110200 132100 16.1 1.21990 16990 19530 750 862 107500 123600 134900 155100 15.8 .61991 13140 14520 745 823 118800 131300 124200 137200 11.1 .61992 12580 13530 625 672 137000 147400 138900 149400 9.2 .51993 13150 13790 700 734 129400 135600 133300 139800 10.2 .51994 9975 10230 995 1020 128300 131600 138500 142000 7.8 .71995 13800 13800 1115 1115 142700 142700 149300 149300 9.7 .7

—SOUTH ASIA1985 3815 5229 50 69 28160 38600 14920 20450 13.5 0.31986 4920 6567 45 60 27100 36180 15610 20840 18.2 .31987 4840 6265 10 13 28890 37400 18620 24100 16.8 .11988 6250 7803 20 25 32760 40900 21280 26560 19.1 .11989 7480 8962 20 24 35010 41950 23870 28600 21.4 .11990 6285 7223 50 57 39030 44860 27740 31880 16.1 .21991 3185 3519 85 94 36780 40640 28440 31430 8.7 .31992 1145 1232 30 32 41870 45030 32080 34500 2.7 .11993 875 917 15 16 41910 43940 34060 35700 2.1 .01994 680 697 40 41 47180 48370 38990 39970 1.4 .11995 1130 1130 25 25 59750 59750 46350 46350 1.9 .1

103


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

EUROPE, ALL1985 10060 13790 35400 48520 968600 1328000 964000 1321000 1.0 3.71986 11670 15580 38130 50900 1104000 1473000 1144000 1527000 1.1 3.31987 12930 16740 40530 52470 1348000 1745000 1353000 1751000 1.0 3.01988 11670 14570 37910 47330 1504000 1878000 1487000 1857000 .8 2.51989 12770 15300 31750 38050 1605000 1923000 1561000 1870000 .8 2.01990 9945 11430 29490 33890 1916000 2202000 1802000 2071000 .5 1.61991 6525 7210 17850 19730 1842000 2036000 1736000 1919000 .4 1.01992 5325 5728 12380 13320 1885000 2028000 1814000 1951000 .3 .71993 6300 6605 12090 12670 1686000 1767000 1713000 1796000 .4 .71994 4505 4618 11380 11670 1899000 1947000 1954000 2003000 .2 .61995 4845 4845 13790 13790 2269000 2269000 2365000 2365000 .2 .6

—EASTERN EUROPE f f1985 4900 6716 21780 29860 174600 239300 179000 245300 2.8 12.21986 6720 8969 26020 34730 191300 255300 194800 260000 3.5 13.41987 5305 6867 27510 35610 203300 263100 214500 277600 2.6 12.81988 4000 4994 25780 32190 218200 272400 226200 282400 1.8 11.41989 3270 3918 21200 25410 219000 262400 217600 260700 1.5 9.71990 2690 3091 16110 18510 238500 274100 185000 212600 1.1 8.71991 245 271 6870 7591 140100 154800 126000 139200 .2 5.51992 35 38 2840 3055 114900 123600 114200 122900 .0 2.51993 1350 1415 3520 3690 140400 147100 136400 143000 1.0 2.61994 265 272 2160 2214 159300 163300 156700 160700 .2 1.41995 835 835 4095 4095 194700 194700 193400 193400 .4 2.1

—WESTERN EUROPE1985 5165 7079 13610 18660 794000 1088000 785000 1076000 0.7 1.71986 4950 6607 12110 16170 912500 1218000 949100 1267000 .5 1.31987 7625 9869 13020 16860 1145000 1482000 1138000 1474000 .7 1.11988 7670 9576 12130 15140 1286000 1605000 1261000 1574000 .6 1.01989 9500 11380 10550 12640 1386000 1660000 1343000 1609000 .7 .81990 7255 8338 13380 15380 1678000 1928000 1617000 1858000 .4 .81991 6280 6939 10980 12140 1702000 1881000 1610000 1779000 .4 .71992 5290 5690 9540 10260 1770000 1904000 1700000 1828000 .3 .61993 4950 5189 8570 8985 1546000 1620000 1577000 1653000 .3 .51994 4240 4346 9225 9456 1740000 1784000 1797000 1842000 .2 .51995 4010 4010 9700 9700 2074000 2074000 2172000 2172000 .2 .4

104


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

OCEANIA1985 1015 1391 140 192 33330 45680 29610 40580 3.0 0.51986 765 1021 50 67 33680 44960 29810 39780 2.3 .21987 955 1236 80 104 38140 49370 35190 45550 2.5 .21988 1300 1623 75 94 45290 56550 43630 54470 2.9 .21989 1110 1330 80 96 55830 66890 47900 57390 2.0 .21990 900 1034 60 69 52730 60600 51000 58610 1.7 .11991 765 845 20 22 52330 57830 53250 58840 1.5 .01992 380 409 50 54 55110 59280 54860 59020 .7 .11993 735 771 40 42 57150 59910 56160 58870 1.3 .11994 420 431 20 21 67580 69280 62870 64440 .6 01995 960 960 55 55 77560 77560 69690 69690 1.2 .1

105


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

OECD1985 9220 12640 28270 38740 1403000 1922000 1322000 1812000 0.7 2.11986 8725 11650 24490 32690 1551000 2070000 1522000 2031000 .6 1.61987 12250 15860 31460 40720 1861000 2409000 1776000 2299000 .7 1.81988 12890 16100 27320 34110 2107000 2631000 2027000 2531000 .6 1.31989 14340 17180 27240 32640 2285000 2738000 2171000 2601000 .6 1.31990 11340 13040 28350 32590 2632000 3025000 2501000 2874000 .4 1.11991 10430 11530 26010 28740 2658000 2938000 2551000 2819000 .4 1.01992 8940 9616 24020 25840 2785000 2996000 2701000 2905000 .3 .91993 7900 8282 24590 25780 2633000 2760000 2631000 2758000 .3 .91994 6840 7011 21440 21980 2983000 3058000 2965000 3039000 .2 .71995 6805 6805 25670 25670 3469000 3469000 3505000 3505000 .2 .7

OPEC1985 17850 24470 135 185 101500 139200 153100 209800 17.6 0.11986 17690 23620 175 234 90590 120900 110200 147000 19.5 .21987 17780 23010 100 129 89550 115900 120300 155700 19.9 .11988 16960 21170 185 231 101200 126300 118500 147900 16.8 .21989 13760 16490 145 174 104800 125600 146100 175100 13.1 .11990 14810 17020 115 132 113900 130900 189500 217700 13.0 .11991 11560 12770 45 50 131300 145100 175400 193800 8.8 .01992 10400 11190 65 70 148000 159200 189100 203400 7.0 .01993 10310 10810 110 115 135800 142400 180600 189300 7.6 .11994 7690 7883 270 277 127300 130500 184300 188900 6.0 .11995 11190 11190 350 350 171100 171100 226000 226000 6.5 .2

NATO e e1985 6375 8737 27310 37430 1123000 1539000 995200 1364000 0.6 2.71986 6210 8289 23390 31230 1252000 1671000 1140000 1521000 .5 2.11987 9450 12230 30070 38920 1503000 1946000 1337000 1730000 .6 2.21988 10200 12730 25550 31900 1682000 2100000 1528000 1907000 .6 1.71989 10730 12860 26000 31150 1809000 2167000 1649000 1976000 .6 1.61990 8535 9809 27400 31500 2095000 2408000 1924000 2211000 .4 1.41991 7880 8708 25080 27710 2123000 2346000 1953000 2158000 .4 1.31992 6595 7094 23130 24880 2241000 2411000 2064000 2220000 .3 1.11993 6005 6295 24280 25450 2098000 2200000 1985000 2081000 .3 1.21994 5150 5279 21130 21660 2362000 2421000 2237000 2293000 .2 .91995 5100 5100 25170 25170 2749000 2749000 2655000 2655000 .2 .9

106

BY ORGANIZATIONd


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

WARSAW PACT (Former)1985 4870 6674 21330 29240 162100 222100 168000 230200 3.0 12.71986 6680 8916 25710 34320 179200 239200 184200 245900 3.7 14.01987 4680 6058 27180 35180 190400 246400 202800 262500 2.5 13.41988 3950 4932 25530 31870 204700 255600 213300 266300 1.9 12.01989 3150 3774 20980 25140 203800 244200 203800 244200 1.5 10.31990 2680 3080 15830 18190 219200 251900 170500 195900 1.2 9.31991 240 265 6680 7381 124900 138000 111800 123600 .2 6.01992 35 38 2860 3076 108600 116800 108400 116600 .0 2.61993 1295 1358 3530 3701 133900 140400 132200 138600 1.0 2.71994 255 261 2185 2240 154000 157800 152800 156600 .2 1.41995 775 775 4140 4140 184800 184800 190200 190200 .4 2.2

NATO EUROPE e e 1985 4185 5736 12930 17730 689800 945400 685500 939500 0.6 1.91986 4040 5392 11240 15010 784000 1046000 822300 1098000 .5 1.41987 6790 8789 11840 15330 986300 1277000 984600 1274000 .7 1.21988 7000 8740 10820 13520 1109000 1385000 1088000 1359000 .6 1.01989 8645 10360 9575 11470 1196000 1433000 1163000 1394000 .7 .81990 6445 7407 12580 14460 1455000 1672000 1403000 1612000 .4 .91991 5540 6122 10100 11170 1490000 1647000 1404000 1551000 .4 .71992 4505 4846 8730 9390 1558000 1676000 1481000 1593000 .3 .61993 4335 4545 8330 8733 1356000 1422000 1375000 1441000 .3 .61994 3720 3813 8965 9190 1518000 1556000 1559000 1598000 .2 .61995 3830 3830 9290 9290 1809000 1809000 1878000 1878000 .2 .5

LATIN AMERICA1985 3970 5441 505 692 74080 101500 100900 138300 5.4 0.51986 3520 4698 400 534 75470 100700 84760 113100 4.7 .51987 3775 4886 900 1165 82140 106300 94050 121700 4.6 1.01988 3890 4857 1290 1611 91450 114200 107400 134100 4.3 1.21989 2960 3547 355 425 98080 117500 117900 141300 3.0 .31990 2360 2712 125 144 108300 124500 127900 147000 2.2 .11991 1565 1729 105 116 124200 137200 124200 137300 1.3 .11992 840 904 250 269 149200 160500 128000 137700 .6 .21993 645 676 275 288 162000 169900 133700 140200 .4 .21994 640 656 240 246 189700 194400 154500 158300 .3 .21995 1360 1360 140 140 209500 209500 189600 189600 .6 .1

COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES1992 5 5 2530 2721 56130 60380 62700 67440 0.0 4.01993 95 100 3160 3313 66860 70100 78040 81810 .1 4.01994 90 92 1700 1743 78930 80910 89510 91750 .1 1.91995 350 350 3720 3720 82810 82810 105700 105700 .4 3.5

107

BY REFERENCE GROUPd


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Afghanistan c1985 650 891 0 0 1194 1636 567 777 54.4 0.01986 1300 1735 0 0 1404 1874 552 737 92.6 01987 1400 1812 0 0 996 1289 512 663 140.6 01988 2600 3246 0 0 900 1124 395 493 288.9 01989 3800 4553 0 0 822 985 236 283 462.3 01990 3500 4022 0 0 936 1076 235 270 373.8 01991 1900 2100 0 0 616 681 188 208 308.4 01992 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA1993 5 5 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA1994 20 21 20 21 NA NA NA NA NA NA1995 20 20 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Albania1985 0 0 0 0 335 459 345 473 0.0 0.01986 0 0 0 0 363 E 485E 273 364 0 01987 0 0 0 0 255 E 330E 230 E 298 E 0 01988 0 0 0 0 276 E 345E 257 E 321 E 0 01989 0 0 0 0 340 E 407E 305 E 365 E 0 01990 0 0 0 0 444 E 510E 222 E 255 E 0 01991 0 0 0 0 467 E 516E 168 E 186 E 0 01992 0 0 0 0 541 E 581E 174 E 187 E 0 01993 0 0 0 0 602 E 631E 117 E 123 E 0 01994 0 0 0 0 601 E 616E 141 E 145 E 0 01995 0 0 0 0 680 E 680E 205 E 205 E 0 0

Algeria1985 500 685 0 0 9841 13490 12840 17600 5.1 0.01986 600 801 0 0 9228 12320 7832 10450 6.5 01987 700 906 0 0 7042 9115 8225 10650 9.9 01988 850 1061 0 0 7342 9167 8134 10160 11.6 01989 625 749 0 0 9210 11040 9570 11470 6.8 01990 310 356 0 0 9715 11160 12930 14860 3.2 01991 130 144 0 0 7538 8330 12570 13890 1.7 01992 5 5 0 0 8573 9221 11130 11970 .1 01993 20 21 0 0 7770 8146 10230 10720 .3 01994 140 144 0 0 9370 9605 8880 9103 1.5 01995 230 230 0 0 10250 10250 10240 10240 2.2 0

108

BY COUNTRY


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Angola c1985 800 1096 0 0 678 929 2245 3077 118.0 0.01986 1300 1735 0 0 625 834 1332 1778 208.0 01987 2700 3495 0 0 447 579 2168 2806 604.0 01988 2400 2996 0 0 998 1246 2516 3141 240.5 01989 825 988 0 0 1150 1378 3015 3613 71.7 01990 525 603 0 0 1577 1812 3944 4533 33.3 01991 50 55 0 0 1909 E 2109E 3449 3811 2.6 01992 40 43 0 0 1600 E 1721E 3788 4075 2.5 01993 280 294 0 0 2046 E 2145E 3182 E 3336 E 13.7 01994 700 718 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA1995 90 90 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Argentina1985 210 288 80 110 3814 5227 8396 11510 5.5 1.01986 190 254 40 53 4724 6305 6852 9146 4.0 .61987 180 233 70 91 5818 7531 6360 8232 3.1 1.11988 330 412 70 87 5322 6645 9135 11410 6.2 .81989 50 60 60 72 4203 5036 9579 11480 1.2 .61990 20 23 20 23 4076 4684 12350 14200 .5 .21991 10 11 5 6 8275 9144 11980 13240 .1 01992 10 11 5 5 14870 16000 12230 13160 .1 01993 20 21 140 147 16780 17600 13120 13750 .1 1.11994 10 10 30 31 21530 22070 15660 16050 0 .21995 40 40 70 70 20120 20120 20970 20970 .2 .3

Armenia1992 0 0 0 0 328 353 256 275 0.0 0.01993 0 0 0 0 191 200 57 60 0 01994 10 10 0 0 345 354 196 201 2.9 01995 30 30 0 0 661 E 661E 248 E 248 E 4.5 0

Australia1985 925 1268 140 192 25890 35480 22740 31170 3.6 0.61986 725 968 50 67 26100 34840 22620 30190 2.8 .21987 875 1133 80 104 29320 37950 26520 34320 3.0 .31988 1200 1498 70 87 36090 45060 33070 41290 3.3 .21989 1000 1198 80 96 44930 53840 37120 44480 2.2 .21990 850 977 60 69 41290 47450 39750 45680 2.1 .21991 675 746 20 22 41700 46080 41850 46250 1.6 .01992 240 258 50 54 43810 47120 42820 46060 .5 .11993 675 708 40 42 45580 47780 42720 44790 1.5 .11994 400 410 20 21 53420 54760 47540 48730 .7 01995 900 900 50 50 61290 61290 52690 52690 1.5 .1

109


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Austria1985 20 27 160 219 20990 28760 17240 23630 0.1 0.91986 10 13 280 374 26860 35850 22510 30040 0 1.21987 20 26 80 104 32720 42360 27170 35160 .1 .31988 90 112 90 112 36220 45220 31030 38740 .2 .31989 110 132 110 132 38980 46710 31900 38230 .3 .31990 40 46 160 184 49150 56480 41260 47420 .1 .41991 50 55 130 144 50810 56150 41110 45430 .1 .31992 50 54 110 118 54110 58210 47270 50850 .1 .21993 5 5 50 52 48580 50930 40170 42120 0 .11994 60 62 50 51 55340 56730 45210 46350 .1 .11995 120 120 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Azerbaijan1992 0 0 0 0 875 941 1284 1381 0.0 0.01993 10 10 0 0 490 514 626 656 2.0 01994 60 62 0 0 781 801 621 637 7.7 01995 0 0 0 0 682 E 682 E 550 550 0 0

Bahrain1985 20 27 0 0 3159 4329 2897 3970 0.6 0.01986 60 80 0 0 2405 3210 2199 2935 2.5 01987 320 414 0 0 2714 3513 2430 3145 11.8 01988 100 125 0 0 2593 3237 2411 3010 3.9 01989 80 96 0 0 3134 3755 2831 3392 2.6 01990 280 322 0 0 3711 4265 3761 4322 7.5 01991 60 66 0 0 4115 4547 3513 3882 1.5 01992 110 118 0 0 4263 4585 3464 3726 2.6 01993 70 73 0 0 3858 4045 3710 3889 1.8 01994 80 82 0 0 3737 3831 3454 3541 2.1 01995 40 40 0 0 3626 3626 4044 4044 1.1 0

Bangladesh1985 60 82 0 0 2772 3799 999 1369 2.2 0.01986 70 93 0 0 2486 3318 887 1184 2.8 01987 50 65 0 0 2680 3469 1067 1381 1.9 01988 50 62 0 0 3046 3803 1291 1612 1.6 01989 120 144 0 0 3648 4371 1305 1564 3.3 01990 40 46 0 0 3598 4135 1671 1920 1.1 01991 80 88 0 0 3401 3758 1689 1866 2.4 01992 40 43 0 0 3888 4182 2098 2257 1.0 01993 30 31 0 0 4001 4195 2272 2382 .7 01994 30 31 0 0 4701 4819 2661 2728 .6 01995 60 60 0 0 6496 6496 3173 3173 .9 0

110


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Barbados1985 0 0 0 0 607 832 352 482 0.0 0.01986 5 7 0 0 587 783 275 367 .9 01987 0 0 0 0 515 667 154 199 0 01988 0 0 0 0 582 727 173 216 0 01989 0 0 0 0 673 806 186 223 0 01990 0 0 0 0 700 804 209 240 0 01991 0 0 0 0 694 767 205 227 0 01992 0 0 0 0 521 560 191 205 0 01993 0 0 0 0 574 602 179 188 0 01994 0 0 0 0 611 626 185 190 0 01995 0 0 0 0 763 763 235 235 0 0

Belarus1992 0 0 0 0 2929 3150 3064 3296 0.0 0.01993 0 0 0 0 4654 4879 3659 3836 0 01994 0 0 0 0 4296 4404 2413 2473 0 01995 0 0 170 170 4600 E 4600 E 4200 E 4200 E 0 4.0

Belgium1985 390 535 390 535 56180 77000 53740 73650 0.7 0.71986 190 254 210 280 68600 91570 68820 91850 .3 .31987 440 570 80 104 83230 107700 83100 107600 .5 .11988 350 437 70 87 92440 115400 92130 115000 .4 .11989 310 371 50 60 98470 118000 100000 119800 .3 01990 310 356 190 218 119700 137600 117700 135300 .3 .21991 310 343 80 88 120200 132800 118200 130600 .3 .11992 140 151 390 419 125000 134500 123100 132400 .1 .31993 280 294 50 52 112000 117400 119300 125100 .2 01994 160 164 40 41 128400 131700 138400 141900 .1 01995 340 340 130 130 155100 155100 169700 169700 .2 .1

Belize1985 0 0 0 0 128 175 90 123 0.0 0.01986 0 0 0 0 122 163 93 124 0 01987 0 0 0 0 143 185 87 113 0 01988 0 0 0 0 181 226 95 119 0 01989 0 0 0 0 216 259 94 113 0 01990 0 0 0 0 211 242 105 121 0 01991 0 0 0 0 251 277 99 109 0 01992 0 0 0 0 273 294 116 125 0 01993 0 0 0 0 281 295 119 125 0 01994 0 0 0 0 260 267 128 131 0 01995 0 0 0 0 259 259 143 143 0 0

111


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Benin1985 10 14 0 0 331 454 150 206 3.0 0.01986 10 13 0 0 387 517 103 137 2.6 01987 0 0 0 0 349 452 114 148 0 01988 10 12 0 0 326 407 71 88 3.1 01989 0 0 0 0 207 248 97 116 0 01990 5 6 0 0 265 305 122 140 1.9 01991 0 0 0 0 241 266 21 23 0 01992 0 0 0 0 615 662 88 95 0 01993 0 0 0 0 614 644 181 190 0 01994 0 0 0 0 493 505 163 167 0 01995 0 0 0 0 794 E 794E 79 E 79 E 0 0

Bhutan1985 0 0 0 0 84 115 22 30 0.0 0.01986 0 0 0 0 102 136 34 45 0 01987 0 0 0 0 92 119 55 71 0 01988 0 0 0 0 135 169 75 94 0 01989 0 0 0 0 99 119 70 84 0 01990 0 0 0 0 108 124 75 86 0 01991 0 0 0 0 94 104 72 80 0 01992 0 0 0 0 134 144 71 76 0 01993 0 0 0 0 100 105 69 72 0 01994 0 0 0 0 114 117 71 73 0 01995 0 0 0 0 114 E 114E 71 E 71E 0 0

Bolivia1985 5 7 0 0 691 947 623 854 0.7 0.01986 10 13 0 0 674 900 638 852 1.5 01987 5 6 0 0 766 991 570 738 .7 01988 20 25 0 0 591 738 600 749 3.4 01989 10 12 0 0 620 743 822 985 1.6 01990 10 11 0 0 687 790 926 1064 1.5 01991 20 22 0 0 970 1072 849 938 2.1 01992 10 11 0 0 1090 1172 710 764 .9 01993 10 10 0 0 1206 1264 728 763 .8 01994 0 0 0 0 1209 1239 1032 1058 0 01995 10 10 0 0 1424 1424 1101 1101 .7 0

Bosnia and Herzegovina1992 0 0 0 0 250 269 50 54 0.0 0.01993 0 0 0 0 155 162 41 43 0 01994 40 41 0 0 200 205 21 22 20.0 01995 270 270 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

112


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Botswana1985 10 14 0 0 580 795 632 866 1.7 0.01986 0 0 0 0 713 952 714 953 0 01987 10 13 0 0 937 1213 1368 1771 1.1 01988 40 50 0 0 1196 1493 1185 1479 3.3 01989 40 48 0 0 1500 1797 1857 2225 2.7 01990 20 23 0 0 1946 2236 1784 2050 1.0 01991 20 22 0 0 1947 2151 1849 2043 1.0 01992 20 22 0 0 1861 2002 1742 1874 1.1 01993 20 21 0 0 1771 1857 1780 1866 1.1 01994 20 21 0 0 1638 1679 1845 1891 1.2 01995 0 0 0 0 1907 1907 2143 2143 0 0

Brazil1985 60 82 330 452 14330 19640 25640 35140 0.4 1.31986 230 307 330 440 15560 20760 22350 29830 1.5 1.51987 270 349 650 841 16580 21460 26220 33940 1.6 2.51988 525 655 700 874 16050 20040 33790 42190 3.3 2.11989 220 264 120 144 19870 23810 34380 41200 1.1 .31990 150 172 60 69 22520 25890 31410 36100 .7 .21991 150 166 80 88 22960 25370 31620 34940 .7 .31992 120 129 180 194 23070 24810 35790 38500 .5 .51993 160 168 100 105 27740 29080 38600 40460 .6 .31994 100 103 190 195 36000 36900 43560 44650 .3 .41995 170 170 10 10 53780 53780 46510 46510 .3 0

Brunei1985 0 0 0 0 606 831 2934 4021 0.0 0.01986 0 0 0 0 656 876 1798 2400 0 01987 5 6 0 0 642 831 1905 2466 .8 01988 5 6 0 0 721 900 1720 2147 .7 01989 5 6 0 0 883 1058 1893 2268 .6 01990 10 11 0 0 1019 1171 2226 2558 1.0 01991 0 0 0 0 1084 1198 2480 2740 0 01992 0 0 0 0 NA NA 2496 E 2685 E NA 01993 0 0 0 0 1200 E 1258 E 2373 E 2488 E 0 01994 0 0 0 0 1800 E 1845 E 2400 E 2460 E 0 01995 5 5 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Bulgaria1985 950 1302 600 822 13090 17940 12780 17520 7.3 4.71986 1300 1735 450 601 15580 20790 14520 19380 8.3 3.11987 700 906 600 777 17060 22080 16660 21570 4.1 3.61988 400 499 430 537 20980 26190 20350 25410 1.9 2.11989 290 347 240 288 14970 17940 16040 19220 1.9 1.51990 675 776 80 92 9600 11030 8400 9654 7.0 1.01991 0 0 110 122 2800 E 3094E 3500 E 3868 E 0 3.11992 0 0 120 129 4346 E 4675E 3600 E 3872 E 0 3.31993 5 5 80 84 5059 5304 3738 3919 .1 2.11994 0 0 60 62 4377 4487 4226 4332 0 1.41995 0 0 150 150 5252 5252 5391 5391 0 2.8

113


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta)1985 20 27 0 0 332 455 71 97 6.0 0.01986 30 40 0 0 405 541 83 111 7.4 01987 0 0 0 0 434 562 155 201 0 01988 10 12 0 0 454 567 142 177 2.2 01989 10 12 0 0 322 386 95 114 3.1 01990 20 23 0 0 536 616 152 175 3.7 01991 0 0 0 0 600 663 954 1054 0 01992 5 5 0 0 545 586 897 965 .9 01993 10 10 0 0 554 581 798 837 1.8 01994 5 5 0 0 390 400 349 358 1.3 01995 0 0 0 0 549 549 536 536 0 0

Burma c1985 50 69 0 0 283 388 303 415 17.7 0.01986 30 40 0 0 304 406 288 384 9.9 01987 20 26 0 0 268 347 219 283 7.5 01988 20 25 0 0 244 305 147 184 8.2 01989 20 24 0 0 201 241 215 258 10.0 01990 110 126 0 0 270 310 325 374 40.7 01991 390 431 0 0 646 714 419 463 60.4 01992 150 161 0 0 651 700 537 578 23.0 01993 130 136 0 0 814 853 583 611 16.0 01994 100 103 0 0 886 908 771 790 11.3 01995 140 140 0 0 1335 1335 846 846 10.5 0

Burundi1985 5 7 0 0 189 259 112 153 2.6 0.01986 10 13 0 0 202 270 154 206 5.0 01987 20 26 0 0 212 274 91 118 9.4 01988 10 12 0 0 204 255 133 166 4.9 01989 10 12 0 0 187 224 78 93 5.3 01990 5 6 0 0 231 265 75 86 2.2 01991 10 11 0 0 248 274 90 99 4.0 01992 0 0 0 0 221 238 72 77 0 01993 10 10 0 0 204 214 68 71 4.9 01994 5 5 0 0 224 230 108 111 2.2 01995 0 0 0 0 234 234 106 106 0 0

Cambodia c1985 280 384 0 0 28 38 3 4 1014.5 0.01986 150 200 0 0 17 23 3 E 4 E 882.4 01987 460 595 0 0 NA NA 8 E 10 E NA 01988 240 300 0 0 147 184 7 E 9 E 163.3 01989 490 587 0 0 139 166 38 45 353.8 01990 330 379 0 0 111 127 53 61 298.4 01991 40 44 0 0 100 E 110 E 145 E 160 E 40.1 01992 0 0 0 0 138 148 213 229 0 01993 10 10 0 0 223 233 181 190 4.5 01994 10 10 0 0 427 438 167 171 2.3 01995 20 20 0 0 631 631 241 241 3.2 0

114


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Cameroon1985 20 27 0 0 1151 1577 722 990 1.7 0.01986 10 13 0 0 1704 2274 782 1044 .6 01987 10 13 0 0 1723 2230 806 1043 .6 01988 5 6 0 0 1273 1589 927 1157 .4 01989 10 12 0 0 1261 1511 1683 2017 .8 01990 10 11 0 0 1400 1609 2002 2301 .7 01991 0 0 0 0 1173 1296 1834 2027 0 01992 0 0 0 0 1163 1251 1840 1979 0 01993 0 0 0 0 1102 1155 1883 1974 0 01994 5 5 0 0 1083 1110 1486 1523 .5 01995 10 10 0 0 1241 1241 2040 2040 .8 0

Canada1985 120 164 575 788 80640 110500 90950 124600 0.1 0.61986 160 214 550 734 85490 114100 90330 120600 .2 .61987 220 285 725 938 92590 119800 98170 127100 .2 .71988 220 275 725 905 112700 140700 117100 146200 .2 .61989 290 347 525 629 119800 143500 121800 146000 .2 .41990 190 218 625 718 123200 141600 127600 146700 .2 .51991 330 365 575 635 124800 137900 127200 140500 .3 .51992 430 463 1200 1291 129300 139000 134400 144600 .3 .91993 220 231 750 786 139000 145800 145200 152200 .2 .51994 270 277 270 277 155100 159000 165400 169500 .2 .21995 210 210 280 280 168400 168400 192200 192200 .1 .1

Cape Verde c1985 10 14 10 14 84 115 6 8 11.9 166.71986 5 7 0 0 107 143 4 5 4.7 01987 5 6 0 0 119 154 8 10 4.2 01988 5 6 0 0 120 150 3 4 4.2 01989 5 6 0 0 112 134 7 8 4.5 01990 5 6 0 0 136 156 6 7 3.7 01991 0 0 0 0 147 162 6 7 0 01992 0 0 0 0 180 194 5 5 0 01993 0 0 0 0 189 E 198E 4 4 0 01994 0 0 0 0 209 E 214E 5 5 0 01995 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Central African Republic1985 0 0 0 0 113 155 92 126 0.0 0.01986 0 0 0 0 167 223 66 88 0 01987 0 0 0 0 204 264 130 168 0 01988 0 0 0 0 141 176 66 82 0 01989 0 0 0 0 150 180 134 161 0 01990 0 0 0 0 154 177 120 138 0 01991 0 0 0 0 93 103 47 52 0 01992 0 0 0 0 145 156 107 115 0 01993 0 0 0 0 126 132 110 115 0 01994 0 0 0 0 142 146 150 154 0 01995 0 0 0 0 189 189 187 187 0 0

115


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Chad1985 20 27 0 0 166 228 62 85 12.0 0.01986 50 67 0 0 212 283 99 132 23.6 01987 120 155 0 0 226 293 109 141 53.1 01988 60 75 0 0 228 285 144 180 26.3 01989 30 36 0 0 240 288 155 186 12.5 01990 50 57 0 0 286 329 188 216 17.5 01991 10 11 0 0 250 276 194 214 4.0 01992 10 11 0 0 243 261 182 196 4.1 01993 5 5 0 0 201 211 132 138 2.5 01994 40 41 0 0 177 181 148 152 22.6 01995 10 10 0 0 220 220 252 252 4.5 0

Chile1985 20 27 80 110 3072 4210 3823 5240 0.7 2.11986 50 67 20 27 3436 4586 4191 5594 1.5 .51987 80 104 170 220 4396 5690 5224 6762 1.8 3.31988 60 75 280 350 5292 6607 7052 8804 1.1 4.01989 80 96 160 192 7144 8560 8080 9681 1.1 2.01990 60 69 20 23 7678 8824 8310 9550 .8 .21991 60 66 0 0 8094 8944 8942 9881 .7 01992 90 97 5 5 10130 10900 10010 10760 .9 01993 30 31 10 10 11120 11660 9199 9644 .3 .11994 110 113 0 0 11820 12120 11600 11890 .9 01995 380 380 0 0 15910 15910 16040 16040 2.4 0

China—Mainland

1985 675 925 725 994 42900 58790 27350 37480 1.6 2.71986 550 734 1200 1602 43410 57940 30940 41300 1.3 3.91987 650 841 1900 2459 43390 56160 39440 51050 1.5 4.81988 430 537 3000 3746 55280 69010 47520 59320 .8 6.31989 500 599 2700 3235 59140 70860 52540 62950 .8 5.11990 300 345 2000 2298 53340 61310 61270 70410 .6 3.31991 300 332 1400 1547 63790 70490 71910 79460 .5 1.91992 1300 1398 1100 1183 80580 86680 84940 91360 1.6 1.31993 575 603 1100 1153 103100 108100 90970 95370 .6 1.21994 260 267 725 743 115700 118600 121000 124100 .2 .61995 725 725 625 625 129100 129100 148800 148800 .6 .4

—Taiwan1985 600 822 5 7 20120 27580 30700 42070 3.0 0.01986 470 627 5 7 24230 32340 39750 53060 1.9 01987 1000 1294 10 13 34800 45050 53820 69660 2.9 01988 1100 1373 20 25 49760 62130 60500 75540 2.2 01989 440 527 10 12 52510 62910 66080 79180 .8 01990 600 690 10 11 54830 63010 67140 77160 1.1 01991 800 884 5 6 63080 69700 76110 84110 1.3 01992 800 861 10 11 72180 77640 81390 87550 1.1 01993 1000 1048 10 10 77100 80830 84680 88770 1.3 01994 1000 1025 20 21 85510 87650 92850 95170 1.2 01995 1200 1200 10 10 103700 103700 111600 111600 1.2 0

116


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Colombia1985 20 27 0 0 4141 5675 3552 4868 0.5 0.01986 50 67 0 0 3862 5155 5102 6810 1.3 01987 10 13 0 0 4322 5594 4642 6008 .2 01988 80 100 0 0 5002 6245 5037 6289 1.6 01989 300 359 0 0 5004 5996 5717 6850 6.0 01990 90 103 0 0 5590 6424 6766 7776 1.6 01991 210 232 0 0 4906 5421 7232 7991 4.3 01992 100 108 0 0 6516 7009 6917 7440 1.5 01993 50 52 0 0 9832 10310 7116 7460 .5 01994 40 41 0 0 11880 12180 8399 8610 .3 01995 60 60 0 0 13850 13850 9764 9764 .4 0

Congo (Brazzaville)1985 40 55 0 0 598 820 1087 1490 6.7 0.01986 30 40 0 0 597 797 777 1037 5.0 01987 10 13 0 0 529 685 973 1259 1.9 01988 20 25 0 0 564 704 937 1170 3.5 01989 0 0 0 0 518 621 1155 1384 0 01990 5 6 0 0 621 714 981 1127 .8 01991 0 0 0 0 472 522 1029 1137 0 01992 0 0 0 0 688 740 1183 1272 0 01993 5 5 0 0 582 610 1069 1121 .9 01994 20 21 0 0 635 651 952 976 3.1 01995 10 10 0 0 670 670 1173 1173 1.5 0

Congo (Kinshasa) - see Zaire

Costa Rica1985 20 27 0 0 1098 1505 976 1338 1.8 0.01986 10 13 0 0 1148 1532 1121 1496 .9 01987 5 6 0 0 1383 1790 1158 1499 .4 01988 5 6 0 0 1410 1760 1246 1556 .4 01989 0 0 0 0 1717 2057 1415 1695. 0 01990 0 0 0 0 1990 2287 1448 1664 0 01991 0 0 0 0 1877 2074 1598 1766 0 01992 0 0 0 0 2440 2625 1829 1967 0 01993 0 0 0 0 2885 3025 2049 2148 0 01994 0 0 0 0 3025 3101 2215 2271 0 01995 0 0 0 0 3274 3274 2611 2611 0 0

Cote d'Ivoire (see Ivory Coast)

Croatia1992 0 0 0 0 4500 4840 4597 4945 0.0 0.01993 150 157 0 0 4666 4892 3913 4102 3.2 01994 40 41 0 0 5231 5362 4259 4366 .8 01995 110 110 0 0 7582 7582 4633 4633 1.5 0

117


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Cuba1985 2400 3289 5 7 8758 12000 6476 8876 27.4 0.11986 1600 2136 0 0 9158 12220 6444 8601 17.5 01987 1800 2330 0 0 7584 9817 5401 6991 23.7 01988 1700 2122 230 287 7580 9464 5519 6890 22.4 4.21989 1200 1438 5 6 8124 9734 5392 6461 14.8 .11990 1400 1609 0 0 7416 8523 5415 6223 18.9 01991 525 580 0 0 4233 4678 2980 3293 12.4 01992 100 108 0 0 2315 2490 1779 1914 4.3 01993 100 105 0 0 1977 2073 1137 1192 5.1 01994 0 0 0 0 1898 1946 1314 1347 0 01995 0 0 0 0 2467 2467 1576 1576 0 0

Cyprus1985 10 14 0 0 1247 1709 476 652 0.8 0.01986 20 27 0 0 1272 1698 451 602 1.6 01987 80 104 0 0 1484 1921 568 735 5.4 01988 5 6 0 0 1859 2321 705 880 .3 01989 60 72 0 0 2288 2741 791 948 2.6 01990 50 57 0 0 2568 2951 957 1100 1.9 01991 40 44 0 0 2621 2896 964 1065 1.5 01992 150 161 0 0 3313 3564 987 1062 4.5 01993 30 31 0 0 2590 2715 867 909 1.2 01994 60 62 0 0 3018 3094 967 991 2.0 01995 50 50 0 0 3694 3694 1229 1229 1.4 0

Czech Republic1993 5 5 210 220 13340 13990 13200 13840 0.0 1.61994 90 92 300 308 15640 16030 14250 14610 .6 2.11995 0 0 120 120 26530 26530 21650 21650 0 .6

Czechoslovakia1985 800 1096 1500 2056 12150 16650 11900 16310 6.6 12.61986 1100 1468 1400 1869 14670 19580 13790 18410 7.5 10.21987 925 1197 1400 1812 16340 21150 15470 20020 5.7 9.11988 210 262 1000 1249 15300 19100 14890 18590 1.4 6.71989 460 551 875 1048 14990 17960 14460 17330 3.1 6.11990 450 517 370 425 13710 15760 11840 13610 3.3 3.11991 70 77 220 243 11070 12230 10940 12090 .6 2.01992 0 0 130 140 12590 13550 11310 12170 0 1.1

118


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Denmark1985 110 151 20 27 18240 25010 17090 23420 0.6 0.11986 50 67 20 27 22880 30540 21290 28410 .2 .11987 140 181 40 52 25500 33000 25670 33230 .5 .21988 220 275 20 25 25940 32390 27650 34520 .8 .11989 150 180 10 12 26690 31980 28110 33680 .6 01990 110 126 80 92 32230 37040 35130 40380 .3 .21991 60 66 20 22 32400 35800 36000 39780 .2 .11992 70 75 10 11 35170 37830 41050 44160 .2 01993 100 105 10 10 30540 32020 37170 38970 .3 01994 40 41 10 10 34880 35750 41420 42460 .1 01995 80 80 20 20 43220 43220 49040 49040 .2 0

Djibouti1985 10 14 0 0 201 275 14 19 5.0 0.01986 5 7 0 0 184 246 20 27 2.7 01987 10 13 0 0 205 265 28 36 4.9 01988 0 0 0 0 201 251 23 29 0 01989 5 6 0 0 196 235 25 30 2.6 01990 5 6 0 0 215 247 25 29 2.3 01991 5 6 0 0 214 236 17 19 2.3 01992 10 11 0 0 219 236 16 17 4.6 01993 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA1994 0 0 0 0 384 E 394E NA NA 0 NA1995 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Dominican Republic1985 10 14 0 0 1487 2038 735 1007 0.7 0.01986 5 7 0 0 1433 1913 718 958 .3 01987 5 6 0 0 1830 2369 711 920 .3 01988 10 12 0 0 1849 2308 890 1111 .5 01989 10 12 0 0 2280 2732 924 1107 .4 01990 5 6 0 0 2062 2370 735 845 .2 01991 5 6 0 0 1988 2197 658 727 .3 01992 5 5 0 0 2501 2690 562 605 .2 01993 5 5 0 0 2436 2554 511 536 .2 01994 20 21 0 0 2626 2692 633 649 .8 01995 10 10 0 0 2976 2976 765 765 .3 0

Ecuador1985 70 96 0 0 1767 2422 2905 3981 4.0 0.01986 100 133 0 0 1810 2416 2172 2899 5.5 01987 90 116 0 0 2252 2915 1928 2496 4.0 01988 50 62 0 0 1714 2140 2192 2737 2.9 01989 30 36 0 0 1855 2223 2354 2821 1.6 01990 20 23 0 0 1862 2140 2714 3119 1.1 01991 20 22 0 0 2399 2651 2852 3152 .8 01992 30 32 0 0 2501 2690 3007 3234 1.2 01993 50 52 0 0 2562 2686 2904 3044 2.0 01994 50 51 0 0 3690 3783 3820 3916 1.4 01995 260 260 0 0 4193 4193 4307 4307 6.2 0

119


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Egypt1985 1700 2330 90 123 5495 7531 1838 2519 30.9 4.91986 1300 1735 110 147 8680 11590 2214 2955 15.0 5.01987 1800 2330 100 129 7596 9832 2037 2637 23.7 4.91988 900 1124 400 499 8657 10810 2120 2647 10.4 18.91989 875 1048 170 204 7434 8907 2565 3073 11.8 6.61990 800 919 80 92 9216 10590 2585 2971 8.7 3.11991 825 912 0 0 7862 8688 3659 4043 10.5 01992 1100 1183 20 22 8245 8869 3051 3282 13.3 .71993 1400 1468 10 10 8184 8580 2244 2353 17.1 .41994 1200 1230 10 10 10180 10440 3463 3550 11.8 .31995 1900 1900 0 0 11740 11740 3435 3435 16.2 0

El Salvador1985 120 164 0 0 961 1317 679 931 12.5 0.01986 110 147 0 0 935 1248 755 1008 11.8 01987 80 104 0 0 994 1287 591 765 8.0 01988 100 125 0 0 1007 1257 609 760 9.9 01989 100 120 0 0 1161 1391 498 597 8.6 01990 90 103 0 0 1263 1452 582 669 7.1 01991 60 66 0 0 1406 1554 588 650 4.3 01992 70 75 0 0 1699 1828 598 643 4.1 01993 40 42 0 0 1912 2004 732 767 2.1 01994 30 31 0 0 2249 2305 844 865 1.3 01995 20 20 0 0 2853 2853 998 998 .7 0

Equatorial Guinea1985 0 0 0 0 20 27 17 23 0.0 0.01986 0 0 0 0 22 29 24 32 0 01987 0 0 0 0 50 65 39 50 0 01988 0 0 0 0 61 76 49 61 0 01989 10 12 0 0 55 66 41 49 18.2 01990 0 0 0 0 61 70 62 71 0 01991 0 0 0 0 117 129 37 41 0 01992 0 0 0 0 93 100 50 54 0 01993 0 0 0 0 60 63 57 60 0 01994 0 0 0 0 37 38 62 64 0 01995 0 0 0 0 50 50 86 86 0 0

Eritrea1993 10 10 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA1994 20 21 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA1995 0 0 0 0 420 E 420E 33 E 33 E 0 0

Estonia1992 0 0 0 0 432 465 463 498 0.0 0.01993 20 21 0 0 896 939 805 844 2.2 01994 30 31 5 5 1660 1702 1299 1332 1.8 .41995 5 5 0 0 2539 2539 1836 1836 .2 0

120


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Ethiopia c1985 800 1096 0 0 993 1361 333 456 80.6 0.01986 330 440 0 0 1102 1471 455 607 29.9 01987 1000 1294 0 0 1066 1380 355 459 93.8 01988 725 905 0 0 1129 1410 429 536 64.2 01989 975 1168 0 0 944 1131 465 557 103.3 01990 410 471 10 11 1081 1242 298 342 37.9 3.41991 80 88 0 0 472 522 189 209 16.9 01992 0 0 0 0 799 859 169 182 0 01993 5 5 0 0 787 825 199 209 .6 01994 0 0 0 0 1003 1059 372 381 0 01995 0 0 0 0 NA NA 423 423 NA 0

Fiji1985 0 0 0 0 442 606 237 325 0.0 0.01986 0 0 0 0 435 581 274 366 0 01987 0 0 0 0 380 492 320 414 0 01988 0 0 0 0 462 577 373 466 0 01989 0 0 0 0 581 696 494 592 0 01990 0 0 0 0 743 854 615 707 0 01991 0 0 0 0 643 711 462 511 0 01992 0 0 0 0 614 660 407 438 0 01993 0 0 0 0 634 665 405 425 0 01994 0 0 0 0 724 742 509 522 0 01995 20 20 0 0 864 864 607 607 2.3 0

Finland1985 110 151 0 0 13230 18130 13620 18660 0.8 0.01986 260 347 0 0 15340 20470 16360 21830 1.7 01987 330 427 0 0 19630 25410 20040 25930 1.7 01988 110 137 10 12 21130 26380 21750 27150 .5 01989 40 48 0 0 24440 29280 23300 27920 .2 01990 60 69 5 6 27000 31030 26570 30540 .2 01991 50 55 10 11 21810 24100 23080 25500 .2 01992 430 463 0 0 21210 22810 23980 25800 2.0 01993 290 304 10 10 18030 18900 23450 24580 1.6 01994 60 62 20 21 23210 23800 29660 30400 .3 .11995 30 30 0 0 28110 28110 39570 39570 .1 0

France1985 150 206 7100 9731 108300 148400 101700 139300 0.1 7.01986 210 280 4400 5873 129400 172700 124900 166800 .2 3.51987 300 388 2900 3754 158500 205100 148400 192100 .2 2.01988 220 275 2000 2497 178900 223300 167800 209500 .1 1.21989 270 324 2400 2876 193000 231200 179400 215000 .1 1.31990 210 241 5200 5976 234400 269400 216600 248900 .1 2.41991 270 298 2100 2321 231800 256100 217100 239900 .1 1.01992 150 161 1800 1936 239600 257800 235900 253700 .1 .81993 80 84 1100 1153 201800 211600 209300 219500 0 .51994 150 154 1500 1538 230200 236000 235900 241800 .1 .61995 150 150 2200 2200 275300 275300 286700 286700 .1 .8

121


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Gabon1985 100 137 0 0 855 1172 1951 2674 11.7 0.01986 0 0 0 0 866 1156 1271 1696 0 01987 0 0 0 0 732 947 1288 1667 0 01988 20 25 0 0 791 988 1196 1493 2.5 01989 20 24 0 0 767 919 1597 1913 2.6 01990 0 0 0 0 772 887 2464 2832 0 01991 0 0 0 0 834 922 2243 2479 0 01992 0 0 0 0 700 753 2082 2239 0 01993 0 0 0 0 845 886 2295 2406 0 01994 0 0 0 0 756 775 2350 2409 0 01995 0 0 0 0 882 882 2713 2713 0 0

Gambia, The1985 10 14 0 0 93 127 43 59 10.8 0.01986 10 13 0 0 104 139 35 47 9.6 01987 10 13 0 0 127 164 40 52 7.9 01988 10 12 0 0 137 171 58 72 7.3 01989 0 0 0 0 161 193 27 32 0 01990 0 0 0 0 200 229 40 46 0 01991 5 6 0 0 222 245 42 46 2.3 01992 5 5 0 0 234 252 63 68 2.1 01993 0 0 0 0 243 255 52 55 0 01994 0 0 0 0 209 214 32 33 0 01995 0 0 0 0 140 140 16 16 0 0

Georgia1992 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA1993 0 0 0 0 63 66 39 41 0 01994 0 0 0 0 800 820 500 513 0 01995 10 10 0 0 250 E 250 E 140 E 140 E 4.0 0

Germany, East1985 1300 1782 575 788 22150 30360 23890 32740 5.9 2.41986 1000 1335 290 387 27500 36700 27830 37150 3.6 1.01987 310 401 310 401 30990 40110 30740 39790 1.0 1.01988 1000 1249 470 587 30800 38450 32000 39950 3.2 1.51989 825 988 380 455 NA NA NA NA NA NA1990f 380 437 20 23 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Germany f

1985 600 822 1400 1919 158500 217200 183900 252100 0.4 0.81986 550 734 1400 1869 190900 254800 243300 324800 .3 .61987 1100 1424 1600 2071 228400 295700 294400 381000 .5 .51988 1100 1373 1800 2247 250500 312700 323300 403700 .4 .61989 1400 1677 1300 1558 269700 323200 341200 408900 .5 .41990 900 1034 1700 1954 346200 397800 410100 471300 .3 .41991 800 884 2400 2652 389900 430900 402800 445100 .2 .61992 1000 1076 1000 1076 402400 432900 422300 454200 .2 .21993 650 681 1700 1782 346000 362800 382500 401000 .2 .41994 300 308 1400 1435 385400 395000 429700 440500 .1 .31995 310 310 1200 1200 444500 444500 508300 508300 .1 .2

122


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Ghana1985 0 0 0 0 731 1002 617 846 0.0 0.01986 10 13 0 0 783 1045 863 1152 1.3 01987 30 39 0 0 988 1279 977 1265 3.0 01988 20 25 0 0 905 1130 1009 1260 2.2 01989 30 36 0 0 1273 1525 1018 1219 2.4 01990 5 6 0 0 1614 E 1855E 925 E 1063 E .3 01991 0 0 0 0 1611 E 1780E 861 E 951 E 0 01992 0 0 0 0 1743 E 1875E 676 E 727 E 0 01993 0 0 0 0 1700 E 1782E 623 E 653 E 0 01994 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA1995 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Greece1985 290 397 30 41 10130 13890 4539 6221 2.9 0.71986 210 280 40 53 11350 15150 5648 7539 1.9 .71987 350 453 40 52 13170 17040 6533 8456 2.7 .61988 575 718 20 25 12320 15390 5429 6778 4.7 .41989 1900 2277 0 0 16150 19350 7545 9040 11.8 01990 440 506 20 23 19780 22730 8105 9315 2.2 .21991 260 287 0 0 21580 23850 8666 9576 1.2 01992 725 780 20 22 23220 24980 9509 10230 3.1 .21993 850 891 10 10 22010 23080 8434 8842 3.9 .11994 470 482 5 5 21470 22000 9384 9619 2.2 .11995 825 825 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Guatemala1985 30 41 0 0 1175 1610 1057 1449 2.6 0.01986 5 7 0 0 959 1280 1044 1393 .5 01987 5 6 0 0 1447 1873 987 1278 .3 01988 10 12 0 0 1557 1944 1022 1276 .6 01989 20 24 0 0 1654 1982 1108 1328 1.2 01990 20 23 0 0 1649 1895 1163 1337 1.2 01991 10 11 0 0 1851 2045 1202 1328 .5 01992 0 0 0 0 2532 2724 1295 1393 .0 01993 5 5 0 0 2599 2725 1340 1405 .2 01994 5 5 0 0 2604 2669 1522 1560 .2 01995 5 5 0 0 3293 3293 2156 2156 .2 0

Guinea E E E E1985 70 96 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA1986 70 93 0 0 336 448 439 586 20.8 01987 70 91 0 0 412 533 492 637 17.0 01988 20 25 0 0 436 544 467 583 4.6 01989 10 12 0 0 514 616 573 687 1.9 01990 20 23 0 0 600 690 605 695 3.3 01991 5 6 0 0 732 809 653 722 .7 01992 0 0 0 0 768 826 622 669 0 01993 0 0 0 0 798 837 NA NA 0 NA1994 0 0 0 0 688 705 562 576 0 01995 5 5 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

123


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Guinea-Bissau1985 10 14 0 0 NA NA 12 16 NA 0.01986 20 27 0 0 NA NA 15 20 NA 01987 20 26 0 0 49 E 63 E 17 21 41.0 01988 30 37 0 0 67 83 16 19 44.9 01989 20 24 0 0 70 84 14 17 28.6 01990 5 6 0 0 68 78 19 22 7.4 01991 5 6 0 0 67 74 20 22 7.5 01992 0 0 0 0 84 90 6 6 0 01993 0 0 0 0 62 65 16 17 0 01994 0 0 0 0 17 17 32 33 0 01995 0 0 0 0 70 70 23 23 0 0

Guyana1985 10 14 0 0 226 310 206 282 4.4 0.01986 0 0 0 0 242 323 214 286 0 01987 0 0 0 0 265 343 242 313 0 01988 0 0 0 0 216 270 230 287 0 01989 20 24 0 0 258 309 227 272 7.8 01990 0 0 0 0 311 357 251 288 0 01991 0 0 0 0 307 339 248 274 0 01992 0 0 0 0 443 477 302 325 0 01993 0 0 0 0 484 507 423 443 0 01994 0 0 0 0 456 E 467 E 439 450 0 01995 0 0 0 0 NA NA 467 467 NA 0

Haiti1985 10 14 0 0 442 606 168 230 2.3 0.01986 0 0 0 0 360 481 184 246 0 01987 5 6 0 0 399 516 214 277 1.3 01988 0 0 0 0 344 429 179 223 0 01989 0 0 0 0 291 349 144 173 0 01990 0 0 0 0 279 321 158 182 0 01991 0 0 0 0 400 442 167 185 0 01992 0 0 0 0 278 299 73 79 0 01993 0 0 0 0 355 372 80 84 0 01994 0 0 0 0 252 258 82 84 0 01995 0 0 0 0 653 653 110 110 0 0

Honduras1985 30 41 0 0 888 1217 780 1069 3.4 0.01986 100 133 0 0 875 1168 854 1140 11.4 01987 80 104 0 0 827 1070 791 1024 9.7 01988 60 75 0 0 886 1106 840 1049 6.8 01989 50 60 0 0 969 1161 859 1029 5.2 01990 30 34 0 0 935 1075 831 955 3.2 01991 30 33 0 0 955 1055 792 875 3.1 01992 30 32 0 0 1037 1115 802 863 2.9 01993 20 21 0 0 1130 1185 814 853 1.8 01994 10 10 0 0 1056 1082 843 864 .9 01995 10 10 0 0 1219 1219 1061 1061 .8 0

124


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Hungary1985 80 110 220 302 8224 11270 8538 11700 1.0 2.61986 180 240 240 320 9599 12810 9165 12230 1.9 2.61987 400 518 220 285 9841 12740 9556 12370 4.1 2.31988 110 137 210 262 9345 11670 9949 12420 1.2 2.11989 40 48 110 132 8709 10430 10070 12060 .5 1.11990 0 0 130 149 8621 9908 9730 11180 0 1.31991 0 0 40 44 11450 12650 10230 11300 0 .41992 0 0 40 43 11120 11960 10680 11490 0 .41993 925 970 20 21 12600 13210 8918 9349 7.3 .21994 10 10 0 0 14440 14800 10730 11000 .1 01995 30 30 20 20 15070 15070 12540 12540 .2 .2

Iceland1985 5 7 0 0 905 1240 815 1117 0.6 0.01986 0 0 0 0 1119 1494 1099 1467 0 01987 0 0 0 0 1590 2058 1375 1780 0 01988 0 0 0 0 1597 1994 1424 1778 0 01989 0 0 0 0 1401 1679 1381 1655 0 01990 0 0 0 0 1680 1931 1592 1830 0 01991 0 0 0 0 1760 1945 1550 1713 0 01992 0 0 0 0 1684 1811 1528 1644 0 01993 0 0 0 0 1349 1414 1399 1467 0 01994 0 0 0 0 1472 1509 1623 1664 0 01995 0 0 0 0 1756 1756 1804 1804 0 0

India1985 2600 3563 10 14 15930 21830 9140 12530 16.3 0.11986 3200 4271 40 53 15420 20580 9399 12550 20.8 .41987 3000 3883 5 6 16670 21580 11300 14620 18.0 01988 3100 3870 0 0 19150 23910 13320 16640 16.2 01989 3000 3595 0 0 20530 24600 15850 18990 14.6 01990 1800 2069 10 11 23640 27170 17970 20660 7.6 .11991 925 1022 5 6 20420 22560 17660 19520 4.5 01992 650 699 0 0 23580 25360 19560 21040 2.8 01993 270 283 10 10 22760 23860 21550 22600 1.2 01994 230 236 10 10 26850 27520 25070 25700 .9 01995 410 410 5 5 34520 34520 30760 30760 1.2 0

Indonesia1985 160 219 5 7 10260 14060 18590 25480 1.6 0.01986 160 214 0 0 10720 14310 16070 21460 1.5 01987 260 337 0 0 12890 16690 17130 22180 2.0 01988 280 350 5 6 13250 16540 19460 24300 2.1 01989 210 252 10 12 16440 19700 22160 26550 1.3 01990 300 345 5 6 21840 25100 25670 29510 1.4 01991 30 33 5 6 25870 28590 29140 32200 .1 01992 50 54 20 22 27280 29340 33970 36540 .2 .11993 90 94 20 21 28330 29700 36820 38600 .3 .11994 50 51 40 41 31980 32790 40050 41060 .2 .11995 170 170 10 10 40920 40920 45420 45420 .4 0

125


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Iran1985 2000 2741 0 0 11630 15950 13330 18270 17.2 0.01986 2400 3203 0 0 10520 14040 8322 11110 22.8 01987 1700 2200 0 0 9570 12390 11040 14280 17.8 01988 2600 3246 0 0 9454 11800 8154 10180 27.5 01989 1800 2157 0 0 12810 15350 11360 13610 14.1 01990 1900 2184 0 0 15720 18060 15320 17600 12.1 01991 1600 1768 20 22 21790 24080 15920 17590 7.3 .11992 850 914 20 22 23110 24850 19870 E 21370 E 3.7 .11993 1100 1153 80 84 16650 17450 18570 E 19470 E 6.6 .41994 390 400 80 82 11640 11930 17300 E 17730 E 3.4 .51995 270 270 290 290 12410 12410 18600 E 18600 E 2.2 1.6

Iraq1985 4900 6716 30 41 10560 14470 12220 16750 46.4 0.21986 6100 8142 60 80 10190 13600 9007 12020 59.9 .71987 5900 7637 10 13 7415 9598 9014 11670 79.6 .11988 5600 6992 100 125 9293 11600 9687 E 12090 E 60.3 1.01989 2500 2995 60 72 9890 11850 12280 E 14720 E 25.3 .51990 2900 3333 40 46 6526 7499 10380 E 11930 E 44.4 .41991 0 0 0 0 423 467 468 E 517 E 0 01992 0 0 0 0 603 648 595 E 640 E 0 01993 0 0 0 0 520 545 NA NA 0 NA1994 0 0 0 0 297 305 612 E 627E 0 01995 0 0 0 0 611 E 611E 1000 E 1000E 0 0

Ireland1985 10 14 0 0 10020 13730 10360 14200 0.1 0.01986 30 40 0 0 11620 15510 12660 16900 .3 01987 5 6 0 0 13640 17660 16000 20710 0 01988 20 25 0 0 15570 19430 18720 23380 .1 01989 5 6 0 0 17420 20870 20670 24760 0 01990 5 6 0 0 20670 23750 23740 27290 0 01991 10 11 10 11 20770 22950 24220 26770 0 01992 5 5 0 0 22480 24180 28330 30470 0 01993 0 0 0 0 21390 22420 28610 29990 0 01994 60 62 0 0 25510 26150 34370 35230 .2 01995 0 0 0 0 32570 32570 44190 44190 0 0

Israel1985 1100 1508 675 925 10140 13890 6260 8579 10.9 10.81986 575 767 675 901 10810 14430 7154 9549 5.3 9.41987 2300 2977 900 1165 14360 18590 8454 10940 16.0 10.61988 1200 1498 750 936 15020 18750 9950 12420 8.0 7.51989 1200 1100 1100 1318 14370 17220 11070 13270 8.4 9.91990 600 690 625 718 16790 19300 11580 13300 3.6 5.41991 600 663 725 801 18660 20620 11920 13170 3.2 6.11992 800 861 550 592 20250 21780 13120 14110 4.0 4.21993 1100 1153 600 629 22620 23720 14830 15540 4.9 4.01994 600 615 725 743 25240 25870 16880 17310 2.4 4.31995 340 340 775 775 29580 29580 19050 19050 1.1 4.1

126


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Italy1985 240 329 1300 1782 87690 120200 76720 105100 0.3 1.71986 220 294 825 1101 99380 132600 97200 129700 .2 .81987 290 375 725 938 125700 162600 116700 151100 .2 .61988 330 412 480 599 138600 173000 127900 159600 .2 .41989 410 491 270 324 153000 183300 140600 168400 .3 .21990 240 276 200 230 182000 209100 170500 195900 .1 .11991 280 309 300 332 182700 201900 169500 187300 .2 .21992 120 129 370 398 188500 202700 178200 191600 .1 .21993 110 115 350 367 148300 155400 169200 177300 .1 .21994 120 123 140 144 169200 173400 191400 196200 .1 .11995 110 110 150 150 204100 204100 231300 231300 .1 .1

Ivory Coast1985 20 27 0 0 1749 2397 3198 4383 1.1 0.01986 0 0 0 0 2055 2743 3354 4477 0 01987 5 6 0 0 2370 3068 3110 4025 .2 01988 5 6 0 0 2080 2597 2770 3458 .2 01989 20 24 0 0 2111 2529 2807 3363 .9 01990 0 0 0 0 2098 2411 2817 E 3237 E 0 01991 0 0 0 0 2103 2324 2777 E 3069 E 0 01992 0 0 0 0 5347 5751 6220 6690 0 01993 0 0 0 0 2212 E 2319 E 3272 E 3430 E 0 01994 0 0 0 0 1600 E 1640 E 2900 E 2973 E 0 01995 5 5 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Jamaica1985 10 14 0 0 1111 1523 566 776 0.9 0.01986 5 7 0 0 972 1297 589 786 .5 01987 5 6 0 0 1238 1602 706 914 .4 01988 10 12 0 0 1440 1798 831 1038 .7 01989 10 12 0 0 1852 2219 967 1159 .5 01990 0 0 0 0 1859 2136 1135 1304 0 01991 10 11 0 0 1491 1648 1053 1164 .7 01992 10 11 0 0 1668 1794 1102 1185 .6 01993 5 5 0 0 2097 2198 1069 1121 .2 01994 5 5 0 0 2164 2218 1192 1222 .2 01995 0 0 0 0 2757 2757 1414 1414 0 0

Japan1985 1100 1508 130 178 130500 178800 177200 242800 0.8 0.11986 850 1135 170 227 127600 170200 210800 281300 .7 .11987 1200 1553 120 155 151000 195500 231300 299400 .8 .11988 875 1092 380 474 187400 233900 264900 330700 .5 .11989 1700 2037 180 216 209700 251300 273900 328200 .8 .11990 1100 1264 70 80 235400 270500 287600 330500 .5 01991 1100 1216 10 11 237000 261900 314800 347800 .5 01992 1200 1291 10 11 233200 250900 339900 365600 .5 01993 575 603 10 10 241600 253300 362200 379800 .2 01994 700 718 10 10 275200 282100 397000 407000 .3 01995 625 625 20 20 335900 335900 443100 443100 .2 0

127


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Jordan1985 625 857 0 0 2733 3746 789 1081 22.9 0.01986 600 801 40 53 2432 3246 733 978 24.7 5.51987 550 712 70 91 2710 3508 930 1204 20.3 7.51988 460 574 50 62 2732 3411 1019 1272 16.8 4.91989 330 395 10 12 2125 2546 1107 1326 15.5 .91990 130 149 0 0 2601 2989 1064 1223 5.0 01991 60 66 0 0 2508 2771 1130 1249 2.4 01992 20 22 0 0 3255 3501 1215 1307 .6 01993 30 31 0 0 3540 3711 1232 1292 .8 01994 40 41 30 31 3382 3467 1424 1460 1.2 2.11995 70 70 0 0 3698 3698 1769 1769 1.9 0

Kampuchea (see Cambodia)

Kazakstan1992 0 0 0 0 4080 4389 3166 3406 0.0 0.01993 80 84 0 0 3358 3520 3391 3555 2.4 01994 0 0 0 0 4019 4120 3285 3367 0 01995 280 280 20 20 3900 E 3900E 5100 E 5100 E 7.2 .4

Kenya1985 10 14 0 0 1436 1968 958 1313 0.7 0.01986 20 27 0 0 1613 2153 1200 1602 1.2 01987 20 26 0 0 1755 2272 961 1244 1.1 01988 180 225 0 0 1975 2466 1071 1337 9.1 01989 90 108 0 0 2148 2574 970 1162 4.2 01990 70 80 0 0 2124 2441 1031 1185 3.3 01991 10 11 0 0 1798 1987 1107 1223 .6 01992 20 22 0 0 1713 1843 1339 1440 1.2 01993 0 0 0 0 1711 1794 1336 1401 .0 01994 10 10 0 0 2156 2210 1609 1649 .5 01995 10 10 0 0 2948 2948 1883 1883 .3 0

Korea, North1985 380 521 350 480 1720 2357 1380 1891 22.1 25.41986 420 561 250 334 2000 2669 1700 2269 21.0 14.71987 420 544 400 518 NA NA NA NA NA NA1988 1000 1249 700 874 3100 3870 2400 E 2996 E 32.3 29.21989 600 719 420 503 2850 3415 1950 2336 21.1 21.51990 200 230 210 241 2620 E 3011E 2020 2321 7.6 10.41991 90 99 220 243 NA NA 1025 E 1133 E NA 21.51992 30 32 160 172 1900 E 2044 1300 E 1398E 1.6 12.31993 5 5 180 189 1930 2023E 1220 1279 .3 14.81994 90 92 60 62 1440 E 1476E 1240 E 1271E 6.3 4.81995 100 100 40 40 1710 E 1710E 1100 E 1100E 5.8 3.6

128


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Korea, South1985 470 644 180 247 31140 42670 30280 41500 1.5 0.61986 600 801 130 174 31580 42160 34710 46340 1.9 .41987 700 906 70 91 41020 53090 47280 61200 1.7 .11988 650 812 80 100 51810 64690 60700 75780 1.3 .11989 575 689 60 72 61460 73650 62380 74740 .9 .11990 650 747 130 149 69840 80270 65020 74720 .9 .21991 1100 1216 40 44 81520 90090 71870 79420 1.3 .11992 490 527 30 32 81770 87960 76630 82430 .6 01993 1100 1153 50 52 83800 87850 82240 86210 1.3 .11994 1400 1435 40 41 102300 104900 96010 98420 1.4 01995 1100 1100 60 60 135100 135100 125100 125100 .8 0

Kuwait1985 370 507 0 0 6005 8230 10490 14370 6.2 0.01986 200 267 0 0 5717 7631 7383 9854 3.5 01987 200 259 0 0 5493 7110 8264 10700 3.6 01988 130 162 10 12 6143 7670 7661 9565 2.1 .11989 240 288 0 0 6295 7543 11480 13750 3.8 01990 320 368 0 0 3972 4565 7042 8093 8.1 01991 290 320 0 0 4761 5261 1088 1202 6.1 01992 975 1049 10 11 7261 7810 6660 7164 13.4 .21993 925 970 0 0 7036 7376 10250 10740 13.1 01994 220 226 0 0 6697 6865 11610 11910 3.3 01995 900 900 0 0 7784 7784 12980 12980 11.6 0

Kyrgyzstan1992 0 0 0 0 419 451 316 340 0 01993 0 0 10 10 418 438 268 281 0 3.71994 0 0 10 10 459 471 339 347 0 2.91995 0 0 10 10 508 508 408 408 0 2.5

Laos c1985 100 137 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA1986 100 133 0 0 205 274 14 E 19 E 48.8 01987 140 181 0 0 219 283 24 E 31 E 64.0 01988 150 187 0 0 NA NA 56 E 70 E NA 01989 100 120 0 0 219 262 93 E 111 E 45.7 01990 40 46 0 0 238 E 274E 61 E 70 E 16.8 01991 10 11 0 0 215 238 97 107 4.7 01992 10 11 0 0 253 272 133 143 4.0 01993 30 31 0 0 432 453 241 253 6.9 01994 90 92 0 0 564 578 300 308 16.0 01995 0 0 0 0 587 587 348 348 0 0

Latvia1992 0 0 0 0 944 1015 825 887 0.0 0.01993 0 0 0 0 872 914 963 1010 0 01994 0 0 0 0 1251 1282 962 986 0 01995 5 5 0 0 1810 1810 1283 1283 .3 0

129


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Lebanon1985 50 69 0 0 2203 3019 482 661 2.3 0.01986 10 13 0 0 2203 2940 500 667 .5 01987 10 13 0 0 1829 2367 499 645 .5 01988 10 12 0 0 2390 2984 640 799 .4 01989 5 6 0 0 2267 2716 475 569 .2 01990 0 0 0 0 2521 2897 489 562 0 01991 5 6 0 0 3729 4120 547 605 .1 01992 0 0 0 0 4075 4383 450 484 0 01993 10 10 0 0 4371 4583 517 542 .2 01994 5 5 0 0 6000 6150 500 513 .1 01995 40 40 0 0 7300 E 7300 E 1000 E 1000 E .5 0

Lesotho1985 0 0 0 0 377 517 21 29 0.0 0.01986 0 0 0 0 393 525 25 33 0 01987 0 0 0 0 518 670 36 47 0 01988 0 0 0 0 523 653 66 83 0 01989 0 0 0 0 594 712 66 79 0 01990 0 0 0 0 640 736 59 68 0 01991 0 0 0 0 820 906 68 75 0 01992 0 0 0 0 900 E 968E 109 E 117 E 0 01993 0 0 0 0 869 E 911E 134 E 141 E 0 01994 0 0 0 0 843 E 864E 143 E 147 E 0 01995 0 0 0 0 986 E 986E 160 E 160 E 0 0

Liberia1985 10 14 0 0 284 389 436 598 3.5 0.01986 10 13 0 0 267 356 404 539 3.7 01987 10 13 0 0 308 399 382 494 3.2 01988 10 12 0 0 272 340 396 494 3.7 01989 5 6 0 0 323 387 460 551 1.5 01990 10 11 0 0 NA NA 1941 E 2231 E NA 01991 0 0 0 0 NA NA 482 E 533 E NA 01992 0 0 0 0 NA NA 771 E 829 E NA 01993 0 0 0 0 NA NA 615 E 645 E NA 01994 0 0 0 0 NA NA 530 E 543 E NA 01995 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Libya1985 1600 2193 90 123 4101 5621 10930 14980 39.0 0.81986 1200 1602 70 93 4177 5575 7720 10300 28.7 .91987 600 777 70 91 4338 5615 8052 10420 13.8 .91988 950 1186 60 75 5859 7315 6663 8319 16.2 .91989 1100 1318 40 48 4923 5899 8034 9626 22.3 .51990 370 425 60 69 5336 6133 13220 15200 6.9 .51991 410 453 20 22 5361 5924 11230 12410 7.6 .21992 80 86 10 11 5161 5551 9948 E 10700 E 1.6 .11993 0 0 0 0 5376 5636 8047 E 8436 E 0 01994 10 10 0 0 4204 4310 7200 E 7381 E .2 01995 0 0 0 0 4903 4903 NA NA 0 NA

130


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Lithuania1992 0 0 0 0 1084 1166 1145 1232 0.0 0.01993 10 10 0 0 2279 2389 2025 2123 .4 01994 0 0 0 0 2353 2412 2029 2080 0 01995 5 5 0 0 3083 3083 2707 2707 .2 0

Luxembourg1985 0 0 0 0 3144 4309 9980 13680 0.0 0.01986 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA1987 20 26 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA1988 5 6 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA1989 20 24 5 6 6210 7441 8386 10050 .3 .11990 20 23 0 0 7596 8729 7041 8092 .3 01991 20 22 0 0 8044 8889 7313 8081 .2 01992 10 11 0 0 8248 8872 6691 7198 .1 01993 5 5 0 0 7686 8058 5885 6170 .1 01994 0 0 0 0 8369 8579 6549 6713 0 01995 0 0 0 0 9746 9746 7748 7748 0 0

Macedonia1992 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA1993 0 0 0 0 950 996 1060 E 1111E 0 01994 10 10 0 0 1482 1519 NA NA .7 NA1995 0 0 0 0 1400 1400 1300 1300 0 0

Madagascar1985 30 41 0 0 402 551 274 376 7.5 0.01986 20 27 0 0 353 471 313 418 5.7 01987 30 39 0 0 302 391 331 428 9.9 01988 10 12 0 0 360 449 278 347 2.8 01989 30 36 0 0 342 410 316 379 8.8 01990 10 11 0 0 571 656 319 367 1.8 01991 0 0 0 0 450 497 305 337 0 01992 0 0 0 0 448 482 277 298 0 01993 0 0 0 0 468 491 261 274 0 01994 0 0 0 0 428 439 406 416 0 01995 5 5 0 0 499 499 364 364 1.0 0

Malawi1985 5 7 0 0 285 391 249 341 1.8 0.01986 10 13 0 0 260 347 248 331 3.8 01987 0 0 0 0 295 382 277 359 0 01988 10 12 0 0 406 507 288 360 25 01989 5 6 0 0 503 603 267 320 1.0 01990 0 0 0 0 581 668 417 479 0 01991 0 0 0 0 703 777 472 522 0 01992 0 0 0 0 718 772 383 412 0 01993 20 21 0 0 546 572 320 335 3.7 01994 0 0 0 0 491 503 325 333 0 01995 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

131


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Malaysia1985 470 644 0 0 12300 16860 15440 21160 3.8 0.01986 70 93 0 0 10820 14450 13750 18360 .6 01987 70 91 0 0 12700 16440 17940 23220 .6 01988 40 50 0 0 16550 20660 21110 26360 .2 01989 70 84 0 0 22500 26950 25050 30020 .3 01990 30 34 0 0 29260 33620 29420 33810 .1 01991 110 122 0 0 36650 40500 34350 37960 .3 01992 130 140 0 0 39930 42950 40710 43790 .3 01993 270 283 0 0 45660 47870 47120 49400 .6 01994 850 871 10 10 59580 61070 58760 60230 1.4 01995 750 750 40 40 77750 77750 74040 74040 1.0 .1

Mali1985 10 14 0 0 299 410 124 170 3.3 0.01986 5 7 0 0 444 593 212 283 1.1 01987 40 52 0 0 374 484 179 232 10.7 01988 70 87 0 0 503 628 251 313 13.9 01989 10 12 10 12 340 407 247 296 2.9 4.01990 10 11 0 0 602 692 359 413 1.7 01991 10 11 0 0 460 508 312 345 2.2 01992 0 0 0 0 608 654 343 369 0 01993 0 0 0 0 842 883 415 435 0 01994 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA1995 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Malta1985 0 0 0 0 759 1040 400 548 0.0 0.01986 0 0 0 0 887 1184 497 663 0 01987 0 0 0 0 1139 1474 605 783 0 01988 0 0 0 0 1353 1689 714 891 0 01989 0 0 0 0 1479 1772 844 1011 0 01990 0 0 0 0 1964 2257 1133 1302 0 01991 0 0 0 0 2130 2354 1234 1364 0 01992 0 0 0 0 2331 2507 1540 1656 0 01993 0 0 0 0 2174 E 2279E 1355 E 1421 E 0 01994 0 0 0 0 2448 2509 1518 1556 0 01995 0 0 0 0 2890 2890 1861 1861 0 0

Mauritania1985 0 0 0 0 234 321 374 513 0.0 0.01986 5 7 0 0 221 295 360 481 2.3 01987 0 0 0 0 235 304 428 554 0 01988 10 12 0 0 240 300 354 442 4.2 01989 30 36 0 0 222 266 437 524 13.5 01990 0 0 0 0 639 734 469 539 0 01991 0 0 0 0 502 E 555E 518 E 572 E 0 01992 0 0 0 0 NA NA 444 E 478 E NA 01993 0 0 0 0 378 E 396E 425 E 446 E 0 01994 0 0 0 0 355 E 364E 390 E 400 E 0 01995 5 5 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

132


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Mauritius1985 0 0 0 0 523 717 436 598 0.0 0.01986 0 0 0 0 676 902 662 884 0 01987 0 0 0 0 993 1285 884 1144 0 01988 0 0 0 0 1261 1574 994 1241 0 01989 5 6 0 0 1325 1588 986 1181 .4 01990 5 6 0 0 1618 1859 1194 1372 .3 01991 0 0 0 0 1576 1742 1195 1320 0 01992 5 5 0 0 1630 1753 1297 1395 .3 01993 5 5 0 0 1715 1798 1299 1362 .3 01994 0 0 0 0 1930 1978 1347 1381 0 01995 0 0 0 0 1959 1959 1537 1537 0 0

Mexico1985 30 41 10 14 13990 19180 22110 30310 0.2 0.01986 100 133 10 13 12000 16010 16350 21820 .8 .11987 60 78 10 13 12730 16480 20890 27040 .5 01988 60 75 10 12 19590 24460 20760 25930 .3 01989 90 108 10 12 24440 29280 23050 27620 .4 01990 110 126 20 23 29970 34440 27130 31180 .4 .11991 70 77 20 22 38120 42130 27320 30190 .2 .11992 100 108 20 22 48160 51800 27700 29800 .2 .11993 20 21 20 21 50150 52570 30240 31700 0 .11994 110 113 20 21 60980 62510 34530 35400 .2 .11995 20 20 20 20 46890 46890 48430 48430 0 0

Moldova1992 5 5 0 0 576 620 366 393 0.9 0.01993 0 0 0 0 912 956 332 348 0 01994 0 0 80 82 1251 1282 398 408 0 20.11995 0 0 40 40 822 E 822 E 720 E 720 E 0 5.6

Mongolia1985 5 7 0 0 1000 1371 388 532 0.5 0.01986 10 13 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA1987 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA1988 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA1989 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA1990 0 0 0 0 924 1062 661 760 0 01991 0 0 0 0 361 399 348 385 0 01992 0 0 0 0 418 450 389 418 0 01993 0 0 0 0 362 380 381 399 0 01994 0 0 0 0 223 229 324 332 0 01995 0 0 0 0 NA NA 400 E 400 E NA 0

133


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Morocco1985 120 164 0 0 3849 5275 2165 2967 3.1 0.01986 100 133 0 0 3803 5076 2454 3275 2.6 01987 400 518 0 0 4230 5475 2826 3658 9.5 01988 220 275 0 0 4773 5959 3603 4498 4.6 01989 120 144 0 0 5492 6580 3307 3962 2.2 01990 220 253 0 0 6800 7815 4265 4902 3.2 01991 60 66 0 0 6873 7595 4313 4766 .9 01992 90 97 0 0 7348 7904 3984 4285 1.2 01993 70 73 0 0 6760 7087 3991 4184 1.0 01994 110 113 0 0 7188 7368 4013 4114 1.5 01995 50 50 0 0 8563 8563 4824 4824 .6 0

Mozambique c1985 270 370 0 0 424 581 77 106 63.7 0.01986 170 227 0 0 543 725 79 105 31.3 01987 140 181 0 0 642 831 97 126 21.8 01988 170 212 0 0 736 919 103 129 23.1 01989 130 156 0 0 808 968 105 126 16.1 01990 140 161 0 0 878 1009 126 145 15.9 01991 50 55 0 0 899 993 162 179 5.6 01992 5 5 0 0 855 920 139 150 .6 01993 0 0 0 0 955 1001 132 138 0 01994 0 0 0 0 1140 E 1169 E 147 151 0 01995 0 0 0 0 784 784 169 169 0 0

Myanmar (see Burma)

Namibia1990 0 0 0 0 1163 1337 1084 1246 0.0 0.01991 0 0 0 0 1149 1270 1214 1341 0 01992 0 0 0 0 1283 1380 1342 1444 0 01993 0 0 0 0 1188 1245 1290 1352 0 01994 10 10 0 0 1196 1226 1321 1354 .8 01995 5 5 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Nepal1985 5 7 0 0 453 621 160 219 1.1 0.01986 0 0 0 0 459 613 142 190 0 01987 0 0 0 0 570 738 151 195 0 01988 20 25 0 0 681 850 190 237 2.9 01989 0 0 0 0 580 695 158 189 0 01990 10 11 0 0 686 788 210 241 1.5 01991 0 0 0 0 758 838 264 292 0 01992 0 0 0 0 792 852 374 402 0 01993 0 0 0 0 880 923 390 409 0 01994 10 10 0 0 1159 1188 364 373 .9 01995 0 0 0 0 1374 1374 348 348 0 0

134


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Netherlands1985 550 754 160 219 73270 100400 77860 106700 0.8 0.21986 550 734 130 174 78060 104200 83340 111200 .7 .21987 600 777 675 874 91310 118200 92850 120200 .7 .71988 900 1124 750 936 99470 124200 103300 129000 .9 .71989 575 689 230 276 104300 125000 108300 129700 .6 .21990 575 661 200 230 126100 144900 131800 151400 .5 .21991 460 508 100 111 125900 139100 133600 147700 .4 .11992 360 387 180 194 134600 144800 140300 151000 .3 .11993 130 136 250 262 124700 130800 139100 145900 .1 .21994 230 236 230 236 141400 145000 155600 159500 .2 .11995 220 220 230 230 175100 175100 194700 194700 .1 .1

New Zealand1985 80 110 0 0 5992 8212 5720 7839 1.3 0.01986 40 53 0 0 6063 8092 5880 7848 .7 01987 70 91 0 0 7276 9418 7195 9313 1.0 01988 70 87 5 6 7342 9167 8784 10970 1.0 .11989 60 72 0 0 8784 10520 8875 10630 .7 01990 40 46 0 0 9501 10920 9488 10900 .4 01991 80 88 0 0 8381 9261 9598 10610 1.0 01992 80 86 0 0 9202 9898 9824 10570 .9 01993 60 63 0 0 9636 10100 10540 11050 .6 01994 20 21 0 0 11910 12210 12180 12490 .2 01995 40 40 5 5 13960 13960 13740 13740 .3 0

Nicaragua c1985 280 384 0 0 964 1321 302 414 29.0 0.01986 600 801 0 0 857 1144 247 330 70.0 01987 525 680 0 0 827 1070 273 353 63.5 01988 650 812 0 0 805 1005 233 291 80.7 01989 340 407 0 0 615 737 311 373 55.3 01990 70 80 0 0 638 733 331 380 11.0 01991 80 88 0 0 751 830 272 301 10.7 01992 5 5 30 32 855 920 223 240 .6 13.51993 5 5 0 0 746 782 267 280 .7 01994 0 0 0 0 875 897 351 360 0 01995 0 0 40 40 962 962 520 520 0 7.7

Niger1985 0 0 0 0 369 506 259 355 0.0 0.01986 20 27 0 0 368 492 318 424 5.4 01987 10 13 0 0 311 402 312 404 3.2 01988 5 6 0 0 387 483 289 361 1.3 01989 5 6 0 0 363 435 244 292 1.4 01990 5 6 0 0 389 447 283 325 1.3 01991 0 0 0 0 355 392 307 339 0 01992 0 0 0 0 306 329 262 282 0 01993 0 0 0 0 309 324 225 236 0 01994 0 0 0 0 234 E 240 E 232 E 238 E 0 01995 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

135


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Nigeria1985 340 466 0 0 8877 12170 12559 17200 3.8 0.01986 330 440 5 7 4034 5384 5155 6881 8.2 .11987 270 349 0 0 3912 5063 7365 9533 6.9 01988 30 37 0 0 4727 5902 6876 8584 .6 01989 10 12 20 24 4190 5020 7871 9431 .2 .31990 20 23 0 0 5686 6537 13670 15710 .4 01991 130 144 0 0 9031 9979 12260 13550 1.4 01992 180 194 0 0 8119 8733 11890 12790 2.2 01993 50 52 0 0 7508 7871 9916 10400 .7 01994 0 0 0 0 6511 6674 9368 9603 0 01995 10 10 0 0 29990 29990 34180 34180 0 0

Norway1985 180 247 30 41 15560 21320 19980 27390 1.2 0.21986 220 294 30 40 20300 27100 18090 24150 1.1 .21987 380 492 40 52 22640 29300 21490 27820 1.7 .21988 470 587 50 62 23220 28990 22440 28010 2.0 .21989 370 443 50 60 23670 28360 27060 32430 1.6 .21990 430 494 20 23 27230 31300 34050 39130 1.6 .11991 340 376 80 88 25570 28260 34110 37690 1.3 .21992 320 344 40 43 25900 27860 35180 37840 1.2 .11993 140 147 60 63 23960 25110 31850 33390 .6 .21994 120 123 50 51 27310 27990 34690 35560 .4 .11995 140 140 20 20 32700 32700 41750 41750 .4 0

Oman1985 140 192 0 0 3153 4321 4705 6448 4.4 0.01986 120 160 5 7 2402 3206 2516 3358 5.0 .21987 160 207 0 0 1822 2358 3198 4139 8.8 01988 50 62 0 0 2202 2749 2625 3277 2.3 01989 60 72 0 0 2254 2701 4068 4874 2.7 01990 10 11 0 0 2678 3078 5501 6322 .4 01991 50 55 0 0 3190 3525 4865 5376 1.6 01992 10 11 0 0 3765 4050 NA NA .3 NA1993 140 147 0 0 4109 4307 NA NA 3.4 NA1994 290 297 0 0 3910 4008 NA NA 7.4 NA1995 460 460 0 0 4242 4242 NA NA 10.8 NA

Pakistan1985 470 644 40 55 5890 8072 2740 3755 8.0 1.51986 330 440 5 7 5374 7173 3384 4517 6.1 .11987 340 440 5 6 5822 7536 4172 5400 5.8 .11988 460 574 20 25 6590 8228 4522 5646 7.0 .41989 550 659 20 24 7143 8559 4709 5642 7.7 .41990 925 1063 40 46 7376 8477 5589 6423 12.5 .71991 220 243 80 88 8439 9325 6528 7214 2.6 1.21992 450 484 30 32 9379 10090 7317 7870 4.8 .41993 550 577 5 5 9500 9960 6688 7012 5.8 .11994 290 297 10 10 8889 9112 7365 7550 3.3 .11995 480 480 20 20 11460 11460 7992 7992 4.2 .3

136


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Panama1985 10 14 0 0 1392 1908 334 458 0.7 0.01986 10 13 0 0 1229 1640 349 466 .8 01987 20 26 0 0 1306 1690 358 463 1.5 01988 10 12 0 0 751 938 307 383 1.3 01989 10 12 0 0 986 1181 318 381 1.0 01990 5 6 0 0 1539 1769 340 391 .3 01991 5 6 0 0 1695 1873 358 396 .3 01992 0 0 10 11 2024 2177 502 540 0 2.01993 0 0 5 5 2188 2294 553 580 0 .91994 0 0 0 0 2404 2464 583 598 0 01995 0 0 0 0 2511 2511 625 625 0 0

Papua New Guinea1985 10 14 0 0 1008 1381 912 1250 1.0 0.01986 0 0 0 0 1080 1442 1033 1379 0 01987 10 13 0 0 1165 1508 1161 1503 .9 01988 30 37 0 0 1393 1739 1399 1747 2.2 01989 50 60 0 0 1530 1833 1404 1682 3.3 01990 10 11 0 0 1194 1372 1144 1315 .8 01991 10 11 0 0 1614 1783 1338 1479 .6 01992 60 65 0 0 1485 1597 1810 1947 4.0 01993 0 0 0 0 1299 1362 2491 2611 0 01994 0 0 0 0 1521 1559 2640 2706 0 01995 0 0 0 0 1451 1451 2654 2654 0 0

Paraguay1985 20 27 0 0 502 688 304 417 4.0 0.01986 20 27 0 0 578 771 234 312 3.5 01987 0 0 0 0 595 770 353 457 0 01988 30 37 0 0 574 717 510 637 5.2 01989 0 0 0 0 760 911 1009 1209 0 01990 5 6 0 0 1352 1554 959 1102 .4 01991 0 0 0 0 1460 1613 737 814 0 01992 10 11 0 0 1422 1530 657 707 .7 01993 10 10 0 0 1689 1771 725 760 .6 01994 10 10 0 0 2370 2429 817 837 .4 01995 0 0 0 0 2851 E 2851E 886 E 886 E 0 0

Peru1985 70 96 0 0 1835 2515 2979 4083 3.8 0.01986 170 227 0 0 2909 3883 2531 3378 5.8 01987 440 570 0 0 3562 4610 2661 3444 12.4 01988 30 37 0 0 3348 4180 2701 3372 .9 01989 170 204 0 0 2749 3294 3488 4179 6.2 01990 60 69 0 0 3470 3988 3231 3713 1.7 01991 70 77 0 0 4195 4636 3329 3679 1.7 01992 60 65 0 0 4860 5228 3484 3748 1.2 01993 40 42 0 0 4858 5093 3515 3685 .8 01994 60 62 0 0 6691 6859 4555 4669 .9 01995 280 280 0 0 9224 9224 5575 5575 3.0 0

137


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Philippines1985 40 55 10 14 5459 7482 4607 6314 0.7 0.21986 60 80 10 13 5394 7200 4770 6367 1.1 .21987 70 91 0 0 7144 9247 5649 7312 1.0 01988 90 112 0 0 8721 10890 7032 8779 1.0 01989 100 120 0 0 11170 13380 7755 9292 .9 01990 110 126 0 0 13040 14990 8068 9272 .8 01991 140 155 0 0 12790 14130 8767 9688 1.1 01992 140 151 0 0 15450 16620 9752 10490 .9 01993 60 63 0 0 18750 19660 11090 11630 .3 01994 90 92 0 0 22550 23110 13300 13640 .4 01995 90 90 0 0 28340 28340 17500 17500 .3 0

Poland1985 500 685 1300 1782 11850 16250 11490 15750 4.2 11.31986 1200 1602 2002 2002 11530 15400 12070 16120 10.4 12.41987 825 1068 1300 1683 11210 14520 12200 15800 7.4 10.71988 1000 1249 1200 1498 12710 15870 13960 17430 7.9 8.61989 625 749 400 479 10660 12770 13470 16130 5.9 3.01990 250 287 230 264 8413 9669 13630 15660 3.0 1.71991 0 0 110 122 15760 17410 14900 16470 0 .71992 0 0 20 22 15700 16890 13320 14330 0 .21993 5 5 10 10 18830 19750 14140 14830 0 .11994 5 5 50 51 21380 21920 17040 17470 0 .31995 90 90 40 40 29050 29050 22890 22890 .3 .2

Portugal1985 240 329 210 288 7652 10490 5685 7791 3.1 3.71986 50 67 220 294 9650 12880 7242 9666 .5 3.01987 70 91 60 78 13970 18080 9320 12060 .5 .61988 80 100 100 125 17870 22310 10990 13720 .4 .91989 190 228 60 72 19070 22850 12800 15340 1.0 .51990 360 414 10 11 25260 29030 16420 18870 1.4 .11991 550 608 5 6 26110 28860 16280 17990 2.1 01992 130 140 20 22 29580 31820 18350 19740 .4 .11993 150 157 10 10 24340 25510 15430 16180 .6 .11994 270 277 100 103 26940 27610 17900 18350 1.0 .61995 90 90 0 0 32340 32340 22620 22620 .3 0

Qatar1985 40 55 0 0 1139 1561 4203 5760 3.5 0.01986 5 7 0 0 1099 1467 2720 3630 .5 01987 0 0 0 0 1162 1504 1995 E 2582E 0 01988 30 37 0 0 1267 1582 2078 E 2594E 2.4 01989 180 216 0 0 1326 1589 2504 E 3000E 13.6 01990 100 115 0 0 1695 1948 3291 E 3782E 5.9 01991 20 22 0 0 1720 1901 3107 3433 1.2 01992 40 43 0 0 2015 2167 3736 4019 2.0 01993 0 0 10 10 1893 1985 3100 3250 0 .31994 0 0 130 133 1927 1975 2900 E 2973E 0 4.51995 50 50 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

138


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Romania1985 40 55 440 603 11270 15440 12170 16680 0.4 3.61986 500 667 330 440 11440 15270 9763 13030 4.4 3.41987 120 155 250 324 8978 11620 10490 13580 1.3 2.41988 30 37 220 275 8254 10310 11390 14220 .4 1.91989 10 12 80 96 9122 10930 10490 12570 .1 .81990 825 948 0 0 9843 11310 5870 6746 8.4 .01991 170 188 0 0 5793 6401 4266 4714 2.9 .01992 30 32 20 22 6260 6734 4363 4693 .5 .51993 0 0 10 10 6522 6837 4892 5129 0 .21994 0 0 40 41 7109 7287 6151 6305 0 .71995 0 0 20 20 9424 9424 7548 7548 0 .3

Russia1992 0 0 2500 2689 36900 39690 42400 45610 0.0 5.91993 0 0 3100 3250 43700 45810 58200 61020 0 5.31994 0 0 1500 1538 51600 52890 66600 68270 0 2.31995 0 0 3300 3300 55000 55000 77000 77000 0 4.3

Rwanda c1985 0 0 0 0 298 408 131 180 0.0 0.01986 0 0 0 0 349 466 189 252 0 01987 10 13 0 0 352 456 114 148 2.8 01988 10 12 0 0 370 462 108 135 2.7 01989 20 24 0 0 333 399 95 114 6.0 01990 0 0 0 0 194 223 112 128 0 01991 0 0 0 0 307 340 93 102 0 01992 0 0 0 0 287 309 67 72 0 01993 10 10 0 0 332 348 65 68 3.0 01994 80 82 0 0 125 128 29 E 30 E 64.1 01995 0 0 0 0 207 207 49 E 49 E 0 0

Sao Tome and Principe c1985 0 0 0 0 10 14 6 8 0.0 0.01986 20 27 0 0 17 23 10 13 117.6 01987 5 6 0 0 14 18 7 9 35.7 01988 0 0 0 0 14 17 10 12 0 01989 5 6 0 0 18 22 5 6 27.8 01990 5 6 0 0 21 24 4 5 23.8 01991 0 0 0 0 25 28 6 7 0 01992 0 0 0 0 25 27 5 5 0 01993 0 0 0 0 22 23 5 5 0 01994 0 0 0 0 24 E 24 E 7 E 7 E 0 01995 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

139


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Saudi Arabia g g1985 7100 9731 10 14 23620 32370 27480 37660 30.1 0.01986 6400 8542 20 27 19110 25510 20180 26940 33.5 .11987 7900 10230 20 26 20110 26030 23200 30030 39.3 .11988 6200 7741 10 12 21780 27200 24380 30430 28.5 01989 6000 7189 5 6 21150 25350 28380 34010 28.4 01990 6900 7930 0 0 24070 27660 44420 51050 28.7 01991 8400 9282 0 0 29080 32130 47800 52820 28.9 01992 7800 8390 5 5 33700 36250 50280 54080 23.1 01993 7600 7968 0 0 28200 29560 42390 44450 27.0 01994 6400 6560 20 21 23340 23920 42610 43680 27.4 01995 8600 8600 40 40 27460 27460 NA NA 31.3 NA

Senegal1985 5 7 0 0 826 1132 562 770 0.6 0.01986 5 7 0 0 961 1283 625 834 .5 01987 30 39 0 0 1024 1325 606 784 2.9 01988 10 12 0 0 1080 1348 591 738 .9 01989 5 6 0 0 1221 1464 693 830 .4 01990 0 0 0 0 1314 1510 762 876 .0 01991 10 11 0 0 1173 1296 702 775 .9 01992 10 11 0 0 1034 1112 673 724 1.0 01993 10 10 0 0 967 1014 457 479 1.0 01994 5 5 0 0 704 722 340 349 .7 01995 5 5 0 0 1385 E 1385 E 593 E 593 E .4 0

Serbia and Montenegro1992 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA1993 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA1994 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA1995 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Sierra Leone1985 0 0 0 0 151 207 130 178 0.0 0.01986 0 0 0 0 132 176 144 192 0 01987 10 13 0 0 137 177 130 168 7.3 01988 0 0 0 0 156 195 106 132 0 01989 0 0 0 0 183 219 138 165 0 01990 0 0 0 0 149 171 138 159 0 01991 0 0 0 0 163 180 145 160 0 01992 10 11 0 0 146 157 149 160 6.8 01993 0 0 0 0 147 154 118 124 0 01994 0 0 0 0 151 155 115 118 0 01995 0 0 0 0 135 135 25 25 0 0

140


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Singapore1985 120 164 40 55 26280 36020 22810 31260 0.5 0.21986 270 360 60 80 25510 34050 22490 30020 1.1 .31987 310 401 40 52 32560 42140 28690 37130 1.0 .11988 380 474 50 62 43860 54760 39310 49070 .9 .11989 180 216 90 108 49670 59510 44660 53520 .4 .21990 250 287 30 34 60900 69990 52750 60630 .4 .11991 380 420 50 55 66290 73250 59020 65220 .6 .11992 220 237 30 32 72180 77640 63480 68280 .3 01993 130 136 20 21 85230 89360 74010 77590 .2 01994 230 236 20 21 102700 105200 96830 99250 .2 01995 200 200 30 30 124500 124500 118300 118300 .2 0

Slovakia1993 230 241 40 42 6655 6977 5451 5715 3.5 0.71994 30 31 30 31 6823 6994 6587 6752 .4 .51995 290 290 70 70 9216 9216 8585 8585 3.1 .8

Slovenia1992 0 0 10 11 6142 6607 6142 6607 0.0 0.21993 0 0 0 0 6529 6845 6529 6845 0 01994 10 10 5 5 7304 7487 7304 7487 .1 .11995 30 30 5 5 9452 9452 8286 8286 .3 .1

Somalia c1985 80 110 0 0 112 153 91 125 71.4 0.01986 30 40 0 0 279 372 85 113 10.8 01987 20 26 0 0 132 171 104 135 15.2 01988 40 50 0 0 294 E 367E 126 E 157 E 13.6 01989 50 60 0 0 NA NA 120 E 144 E NA 01990 30 34 0 0 249 E 286E 150 E 172 E 12.0 01991 30 33 0 0 151 E 167E 91 E 101 E 19.9 01992 0 0 0 0 184 E 198E 118 E 127 E 0 01993 5 5 0 0 205 E 215E 117 E 123 E 2.4 01994 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA1995 0 0 0 0 NA NA 100 E 100 E NA 0

South Africa1985 20 27 90 123 11470 15720 16520 22650 0.2 0.51986 20 27 30 40 12990 17340 18450 24630 .2 .21987 220 285 20 26 15330 19840 23540 30470 1.4 .11988 200 250 130 162 18760 23420 21550 26900 1.1 .61989 350 419 200 240 18500 22160 22190 26590 1.9 .91990 260 299 50 57 18400 21150 23550 27060 1.4 .21991 350 387 10 11 18830 20810 23310 25750 1.9 01992 260 280 90 97 19760 21260 23410 25180 1.3 .41993 260 273 170 178 20020 20990 24260 25430 1.3 .71994 290 297 230 236 23390 23970 24990 25610 1.2 .91995 250 250 100 100 30550 30550 27860 27860 .8 .4

141


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Soviet Union1985 1200 1645 16700 22890 83310 114200 87200 119500 1.4 19.21986 1400 1869 21500 28700 88870 118600 97050 129500 1.6 22.21987 1400 1812 23100 29900 95970 124200 107700 139400 1.5 21.51988 1200 1498 22000 27470 107300 134000 110700 138300 1.1 19.91989 900 1078 18900 22650 114700 137400 109300 131000 .8 17.21990 100 115 15000 17240 139000 159700 101000 116100 .1 14.91991 0 0 6200 6851 78000 86190 68000 75140 0 9.1

Spain1985 180 247 575 788 29960 41070 24250 33230 0.6 2.41986 340 454 270 360 35060 46790 27210 36310 1.0 1.01987 1200 1553 575 744 49110 63570 34190 44260 2.4 1.71988 1100 1373 625 780 59640 74460 40340 50370 1.8 1.51989 1000 1198 180 216 70950 85020 44490 53310 1.4 .41990 550 632 350 402 87710 100800 55640 63950 .6 .61991 240 265 90 99 93310 103100 60180 66500 .3 .11992 250 269 180 194 99760 107300 64330 69200 .3 .31993 320 335 170 178 78630 82430 59550 62440 .4 .31994 550 564 360 369 92510 94830 73290 75130 .6 .51995 675 675 80 80 115000 115000 91720 91720 .6 .1

Sri Lanka1985 30 41 0 0 1843 2526 1293 1772 1.6 0.01986 20 27 0 0 1857 2479 1215 1622 1.1 01987 50 65 0 0 2058 2664 1368 1771 2.4 01988 20 25 0 0 2262 2824 1479 1847 .9 01989 10 12 0 0 2188 2622 1545 1851 .5 01990 10 11 0 0 2685 3086 1983 2279 .4 01991 60 66 0 0 3054 3375 2039 2253 2.0 01992 5 5 0 0 3445 3706 2455 2641 .1 01993 20 21 0 0 3991 4184 2859 2997 .5 01994 100 103 0 0 4776 4896 3208 3288 2.1 01995 160 160 0 0 5185 5185 3798 3798 3.1 0

Sudan1985 60 82 0 0 771 1057 374 513 7.8 0.01986 70 93 5 7 961 1283 333 444 7.3 1.51987 90 116 0 0 871 1127 504 652 10.3 01988 110 137 0 0 1060 1323 509 635 10.4 01989 80 96 0 0 900 1078 672 805 8.9 01990 100 115 0 0 619 711 374 430 16.2 01991 80 88 0 0 890 984 305 337 9.0 01992 110 118 0 0 821 883 319 343 13.4 01993 90 94 0 0 945 991 417 437 9.5 01994 70 72 0 0 1162 1191 524 537 6.0 01995 100 100 0 0 1185 1185 556 556 8.4 0

142


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Suriname1985 10 14 0 0 299 410 329 451 3.3 0.01986 10 13 0 0 327 436 335 447 3.1 01987 0 0 0 0 294 381 306 396 0 01988 0 0 0 0 351 438 409 511 0 01989 0 0 0 0 443 531 542 649 0 01990 5 6 0 0 472 542 472 542 1.1 01991 0 0 0 0 470 519 420 464 0 01992 0 0 0 0 468 E 503E 391 E 421E 0 01993 0 0 0 0 436 E 457E 375 E 393E 0 01994 0 0 0 0 194 E 199E 294 E 301E 0 01995 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Swaziland1985 0 0 0 0 323 443 176 241 0.0 0.01986 0 0 0 0 352 470 267 356 0 01987 0 0 0 0 435 563 406 526 0 01988 0 0 0 0 516 645 453 566 0 01989 0 0 0 0 583 699 495 593 0 01990 0 0 0 0 663 762 557 640 0 01991 0 0 0 0 718 793 595 657 0 01992 0 0 0 0 866 932 639 687 0 01993 0 0 0 0 874 916 675 708 0 01994 0 0 0 0 928 951 746 765 0 01995 0 0 0 0 1017 1017 798 798 0 0

Sweden1985 90 123 180 247 28550 39120 30460 41750 0.3 0.61986 60 80 280 374 32690 43640 37260 49740 .2 .81987 140 181 750 971 40710 52690 44510 57610 .3 1.71988 120 150 825 1030 45630 56970 49750 62110 .3 1.71989 100 120 725 869 48970 58680 51550 61760 .2 1.41990 80 92 575 661 54260 62360 57540 66130 .1 1.01991 160 177 490 541 49990 55240 55220 61020 .3 .91992 30 32 250 269 50020 53800 56120 60360 .1 .41993 90 94 60 63 42680 44750 49860 52270 .2 .11994 300 308 80 82 51720 53020 61290 62830 .6 .11995 10 10 310 310 64440 64440 79910 79910 0 .4

Switzerland1985 750 1028 340 466 30700 42070 27430 37600 2.4 1.21986 550 734 310 414 41050 54790 37450 49990 1.3 .81987 340 440 350 453 50650 65560 45510 58910 .7 .81988 330 412 380 474 56360 70370 50700 63300 .6 .71989 600 719 140 168 58190 69730 51520 61740 1.0 .31990 625 718 60 69 69680 80080 63780 73300 .9 .11991 470 519 240 265 66480 73470 61520 67980 .7 .41992 270 290 450 484 61740 66410 61380 66020 .4 .71993 230 241 120 126 56720 59460 58690 61530 .4 .21994 40 41 110 113 64070 65680 66230 67890 .1 .21995 20 20 100 100 76980 76980 77650 77650 0 .1

143


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Syria c1985 1500 2056 0 0 3967 5437 1640 2248 37.8 0.01986 1100 1468 20 27 2728 3641 1325 1769 40.3 1.51987 2000 2589 0 0 2470 3197 1344 1740 81.0 01988 1300 1623 0 0 2216 2767 1336 1668 58.7 01989 1100 1318 0 0 2084 2497 2986 3578 52.8 01990 950 1092 0 0 2400 2758 4253 4888 39.6 01991 800 884 0 0 2694 2977 3618 3998 29.7 01992 380 409 20 22 3490 3754 3093 3327 10.9 .61993 270 283 0 0 4140 4340 3146 3299 6.5 01994 40 41 0 0 5467 5604 3547 3636 .7 01995 70 70 0 0 4616 4616 3970 3970 1.5 0

Tajikistan1992 0 0 0 0 100 E 108 E 100 E 108 E 0.0 0.01993 5 5 0 0 517 542 314 329 1.0 0.01994 0 0 0 0 900 923 413 423 0 0.01995 0 0 10 10 690 E 690 E 707 E 707E 0 1.4

Tanzania1985 50 69 0 0 1324 1815 247 339 3.8 0.01986 30 40 0 0 937 1251 361 482 3.2 01987 90 116 0 0 929 1202 289 374 9.7 01988 70 87 0 0 823 1028 275 343 8.5 01989 40 48 0 0 990 1186 365 437 4.0 01990 30 34 0 0 1027 1180 415 477 2.9 01991 10 11 0 0 1533 1694 341 377 .7 01992 5 5 0 0 1510 1624 416 447 .3 01993 5 5 0 0 1497 1569 450 472 .3 01994 10 10 0 0 1505 1543 519 532 .7 01995 0 0 0 0 1619 1619 639 639 0 0

Thailand1985 190 260 0 0 9242 12670 7120 9758 2.1 0.01986 180 240 0 0 9178 12250 8872 11840 2.0 01987 430 557 0 0 13020 16860 11650 15080 3.3 01988 550 687 10 12 20280 25330 15950 19920 2.7 .11989 300 359 10 12 25770 30880 20080 24060 1.2 01990 290 333 0 0 33380 38360 23070 26510 .9 01991 575 635 0 0 37590 41540 28430 31410 1.5 01992 370 398 0 0 40690 43760 32470 34930 .9 01993 140 147 0 0 46210 48440 36770 38550 .3 01994 390 400 0 0 54460 55820 45130 46260 .7 01995 1100 1100 0 0 70780 70780 56460 56460 1.6 0

144


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Togo1985 0 0 0 0 288 395 190 260 0.0 0.01986 10 13 0 0 312 416 204 272 3.2 01987 5 6 0 0 424 549 244 316 1.2 01988 5 6 0 0 487 608 242 302 1.0 01989 5 6 0 0 472 566 245 294 1.1 01990 0 0 0 0 581 668 268 308 0 01991 0 0 0 0 444 491 253 280 0 01992 0 0 0 0 395 425 275 296 0 01993 5 5 0 0 179 188 136 143 2.8 01994 0 0 0 0 222 228 162 166 0 01995 0 0 0 0 386 386 208 208 0 0

Trinidad & Tobago1985 0 0 0 0 1586 2174 2196 3010 0.0 0.01986 0 0 0 0 1345 1795 1376 1837 0 01987 0 0 0 0 1261 1632 1460 1890 0 01988 0 0 0 0 1123 1402 1391 1737 0 01989 0 0 0 0 1217 1458 1558 1867 0 01990 0 0 0 0 1121 1288 1718 1974 0 01991 0 0 0 0 1667 1842 1985 2193 0 01992 0 0 0 0 1434 1542 1869 2010 0 01993 0 0 0 0 1448 1518 1612 1690 0 01994 0 0 0 0 1131 1159 1867 1914 0 01995 0 0 0 0 1714 1714 2455 2455 0 0

Tunisia1985 310 425 0 0 2757 3779 1738 2382 11.2 0.01986 100 133 0 0 2890 3857 1759 2348 3.5 01987 60 78 0 0 3039 3934 2139 2769 2.0 01988 30 37 0 0 3689 4606 2395 2990 .8 01989 30 36 0 0 4373 5241 2930 3511 .7 01990 40 46 0 0 5542 6369 3526 4052 .7 01991 30 33 0 0 5190 5735 3699 4087 .6 01992 20 22 0 0 6431 6917 4019 4323 .3 01993 20 21 0 0 6214 6515 3802 3986 .3 01994 50 51 0 0 6581 6746 4657 4774 .8 01995 40 40 0 0 7903 7903 5475 5475 .5 0

Turkey1985 500 685 120 164 11340 15550 7958 10910 4.4 1.51986 700 934 0 0 11100 14820 7457 9953 6.3 .01987 1200 1553 10 13 14160 18330 10190 13190 8.5 .11988 1100 1373 10 12 14330 17900 11660 14560 7.7 .11989 1200 1438 20 24 15790 18920 11630 13930 7.6 .21990 1200 1379 10 11 22300 25630 12960 14890 5.4 .11991 1200 1326 30 33 21050 23260 13590 15020 5.7 .21992 1000 1076 20 22 22870 24600 14720 15830 4.4 .11993 1200 1258 20 21 29170 30590 15340 16090 4.1 .11994 1100 1128 30 31 23270 23850 18110 18560 4.7 .21995 700 700 60 60 35710 35710 21600 21600 2.0 .3

145


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Turkmenistan1992 0 0 30 32 1008 1084 2146 2308 0.0 1.41993 0 0 0 0 781 819 1286 1348 0 01994 0 0 0 0 884 906 1812 1857 0 01995 30 30 0 0 720 720 1737 1737 4.2 0

Uganda1985 10 14 0 0 327 448 387 530 3.1 0.01986 40 53 0 0 307 410 436 582 13.0 01987 80 104 0 0 848 1098 319 413 9.4 01988 90 112 0 0 887 1107 271 338 10.1 01989 60 72 0 0 271 325 273 327 22.1 01990 20 23 0 0 213 245 147 169 9.4 01991 20 22 0 0 196 217 200 221 10.2 01992 10 11 0 0 439 472 142 153 2.3 01993 0 0 0 0 384 403 179 188 0 01994 0 0 0 0 870 892 424 435 0 01995 0 0 0 0 1058 1058 461 461 0 0

Ukraine1992 0 0 0 0 7099 7636 8045 8654 0.0 0.01993 0 0 50 52 9533 9994 7817 8195 0 .61994 0 0 90 92 10750 11020 10300 10560 0 .91995 0 0 160 160 11380 11380 11570 11570 0 1.4

United Arab Emirates1985 220 302 0 0 6549 8976 14040 19250 3.4 0.01986 160 214 20 27 6422 8572 15840 21140 2.5 .11987 140 181 0 0 7226 9353 14160 E 18330 E 1.9 01988 130 162 0 0 8522 10640 13940 E 17410 E 1.5 01989 850 1018 10 12 10010 11990 17590 E 21070 E 8.5 .11990 1500 1724 5 6 11200 12870 23540 27060 13.4 01991 350 387 0 0 13750 15190 24440 27000 2.5 01992 340 366 0 0 17410 18730 24760 26630 2.0 01993 460 482 0 0 19520 20460 23660 E 24810 E 2.4 01994 400 410 0 0 21700 22240 25300 E 25930 E 1.8 01995 875 875 10 10 NA NA NA NA NA NA

United Kingdom1985 750 1028 1600 2193 109000 149300 101300 138800 0.7 1.61986 750 1001 3700 4939 102300 136600 107100 142900 .7 3.51987 700 906 5100 6601 154400 199900 131300 169900 .5 3.91988 550 687 4900 6118 189300 236400 145200 181200 .3 3.41989 850 1018 5000 5991 197700 236900 152300 182500 .4 3.31990 1100 1264 4600 5287 223000 256300 185200 212800 .5 2.51991 750 829 4900 5415 209900 232000 185000 204400 .4 2.61992 230 247 4700 5056 221600 238300 190000 204400 .1 2.51993 320 335 4600 4823 205400 215300 180200 188900 .2 2.61994 210 215 5100 5228 227000 232700 204900 210100 .1 2.51995 190 190 5200 5200 263700 263700 242000 242000 .1 2.1

146


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

147

United States h h e, h e, h1985 1800 2467 13800 18910 352500 483100 218800 299900 0.5 6.31986 1900 2536 11600 15480 382300 510300 227200 303200 .5 5.11987 2200 2848 17500 22650 424400 549400 254100 328900 .5 6.91988 2800 3496 14000 17480 459500 573700 322400 402600 .6 4.31989 1700 2037 15900 19050 492900 590600 363800 435900 .3 4.41990 1800 2069 14200 16320 517000 594100 393600 452300 .3 3.61991 1900 2100 14400 15910 508400 561700 421700 466000 .4 3.41992 1600 1721 13200 14200 553900 595800 448200 482100 .3 2.91993 1400 1468 15200 15940 603400 632600 464800 487300 .2 3.31994 1100 1128 11900 12200 689200 706500 512600 525500 .2 2.31995 1000 1000 15600 15600 771000 771000 584700 584700 .1 2.7

Upper Volta (see Burkina Faso)

Uruguay1985 0 0 0 0 708 970 909 1246 0.0 0.01986 0 0 0 0 870 1161 1088 1452 0 01987 0 0 0 0 1142 1478 1189 1539 0 01988 10 12 0 0 1157 1445 1405 1754 .9 01989 20 24 0 0 1174 1407 1594 1910 1.7 01990 20 23 0 0 1343 1543 1693 1946 1.5 01991 30 33 0 0 1637 1809 1605 1774 1.8 01992 10 11 0 0 2045 2200 1703 1832 .5 01993 5 5 0 0 2324 2436 1645 1725 .2 01994 0 0 0 0 2786 2856 1913 1961 0 01995 5 5 0 0 2867 2867 2106 2106 .2 0

Uzbekistan1992 0 0 0 0 1768 1901 1506 1619 0.0 0.01993 0 0 0 0 2245 2354 2050 2149 0 01994 20 21 20 21 2844 2915 2626 2692 .7 .81995 0 0 10 10 3602 3602 3367 3367 0 .3

Venezuela1985 525 720 0 0 8106 11110 14440 19790 6.5 0.01986 140 187 0 0 8504 11350 8660 11560 1.6 01987 110 142 0 0 9659 12500 10580 13690 1.1 01988 140 175 0 0 12730 15890 10240 12790 1.1 01989 230 276 0 0 7803 9349 13310 15950 2.9 01990 190 218 5 6 7335 8430 17500 20110 2.6 01991 200 221 0 0 11150 12320 15150 16750 1.8 01992 80 86 0 0 14070 15130 14180 15260 .6 01993 70 73 0 0 12200 12790 14690 15400 .6 01994 80 82 0 0 8921 9145 16090 16490 .9 01995 90 90 0 0 11970 11970 18460 18460 .8 0


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Vietnam1985 1500 2056 20 27 1590 2179 746 1022 94.3 2.71986 2100 2803 0 0 2155 2876 785 1048 97.4 01987 1900 2459 110 142 2191 2836 880 1139 86.7 12.51988 1500 1873 80 100 2616 3266 1073 1340 57.3 7.51989 1300 1558 0 0 3056 3662 1502 1800 42.5 01990 1100 1264 0 0 2752 3163 2404 2763 40.0 01991 200 221 0 0 2338 2584 2087 2306 8.6 01992 10 11 10 11 2541 2733 2581 2776 .4 .41993 10 10 0 0 3415 3580 2971 3115 .3 01994 80 82 0 0 4200 E 4305 E 3600 E 3690 E 1.9 01995 200 200 0 0 7500 E 7500 E 5300 E 5300 E 2.7 0

Yemen (Aden)1985 390 535 0 0 1448 1985 579 794 26.9 0.01986 110 147 0 0 483 645 290 387 22.8 01987 300 388 0 0 497 643 54 70 60.4 01988 380 474 0 0 598 747 82 103 63.5 01989 230 276 0 0 554 E 664E 114 E 136 E 41.5 01990i 0 0 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Yemen (Sanaa)1985 230 315 0 0 1313 1800 13 18 17.5 0.01986 290 387 0 0 1159 1547 8 11 25.0 01987 500 647 0 0 883 1143 48 62 56.6 01988 525 655 0 0 1384 1728 NA NA 37.9 NA1989 470 563 0 0 1300 1558 606 726 36.2 01990 550 632 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA1991i 40 44 0 0 1897 E 2096 E 1174 E 1297 E 2.1 01992 5 5 0 0 2245 E 2415 E 999 E 1075 E .2 01993 20 21 0 0 2156 E 2260 E 1001 E 1049 E .9 01994 250 256 0 0 1800 E 1845 E 1100 E 1128 E 13.9 01995 140 140 0 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA

Yugoslavia1985 30 41 450 617 12210 16730 10700 14660 0.2 4.21986 40 53 310 414 11750 15680 10350 13820 .3 3.01987 625 809 330 427 12630 16350 11440 14810 4.9 2.91988 50 62 250 312 13170 16440 12660 15810 .4 2.01989 120 144 220 264 14830 17770 13460 16130 .8 1.61990 10 11 280 322 18870 21690 14310 16440 .1 2.01991 5 6 190 210 14740 16280 13950 15420 0 1.4

148


YEAR

ARMS IMPORTS a

Million dollars

ARMS EXPORTS a

Million dollars

TOTAL IMPORTS b

Million dollars

TOTAL EXPORTS b

Million dollars

ARMS cEXPORTS

TOTALEXPORTS

%

ARMS cIMPORTS

TOTALIMPORTS


Constant1995

Constant1995

Constant1995

Zaire1985 40 55 0 0 793 1087 950 1302 5.0 0.01986 50 67 0 0 871 1163 1093 1459 5.7 01987 60 78 0 0 764 989 983 1272 7.9 01988 40 50 0 0 765 955 1121 1400 5.2 01989 30 36 0 0 849 1017 1254 1503 3.5 01990 70 80 0 0 886 1018 999 1148 7.9 01991 20 22 0 0 710 785 830 917 2.8 01992 0 0 0 0 420 452 426 458 0 01993 10 10 0 0 372 390 368 386 2.7 01994 0 0 0 0 382 392 419 430 0 01995 0 0 0 0 397 397 438 438 0 0

Zambia1985 30 41 0 0 654 896 784 1074 4.6 0.01986 80 107 0 0 648 865 517 690 12.3 01987 0 0 0 0 816 1056 873 1130 0 01988 0 0 0 0 835 1043 1179 1472 0 01989 60 72 0 0 906 1086 1347 1614 6.6 01990 5 6 0 0 1220 1402 1309 1504 .4 01991 20 22 0 0 948 1048 745 823 2.1 01992 0 0 0 0 1107 E 1190 E 756 813 0 01993 0 0 0 0 1119 E 1173 E 891 934 0 01994 5 5 0 0 845 E 866 E 758 777 .6 01995 0 0 0 0 NA NA 760 E 760 E NA 0

Zimbabwe1985 0 0 0 0 1031 1413 959 1314 0.0 0.01986 120 160 0 0 1132 1511 1054 1407 10.6 01987 90 116 0 0 1205 1560 1427 1847 7.5 01988 10 12 0 0 1304 1628 1406 1755 .8 01989 60 72 0 0 1633 1956 1542 1848 3.7 01990 60 69 0 0 1847 2123 1726 1984 3.2 01991 50 55 0 0 2055 2271 1532 1693 2.4 01992 90 97 5 5 2203 2370 1445 1554 4.1 .31993 10 10 0 0 1820 1908 1568 1644 .5 01994 10 10 10 10 2241 2297 1885 1932 .4 .51995 0 0 0 0 2315 2315 2119 2119 0 0

149


150

E Estimate based on partial or uncertain data. 0 Nil or negligible ($2.5 million or less). NA Not available.

a To avoid the appearance of excessive accuracy, arms transfer data by country are rounded, with greater severity for larger amounts. All country group totals for arms exports and arms imports shown here are the sums of rounded country data, except for world totals, which are the rounded sums of unrounded country data. This exception is made to preserve the equality of world arms exports and world arms imports; the rounded country data produce unequal world summations.

b Total imports and exports usually are as reported by individual countries and the extent to which arms transfers are included is often uncertain. Imports are reported “cif” (including cost of shipping, insurance, and freight) and exports are reported “fob” (excluding these costs). For these reasons and because of divergent sources, world totals for imports and exports are not equal.

c Because some countries exclude arms imports or exports from their trade statistics and their "total" imports and exports are therefore understated and because arms transfers may be estimated independently of trade data, the resulting ratios of arms to total imports or exports may be overstated and may even exceed 100 percent.

d In order to reduce distortions in grouped data trends caused by data gaps for individual countries and years (shown as “NA”), the totals for the world, regions, and organizations include rough approximations for the gaps.

e Includes US transfers to NATO agencies as such and to other international agencies and classified transfers, which are not attributable to individual recipient countries.

f Germany (The Federal Republic of) was known as West Germany through 1990, when data for East Germany ended.

g Includes major equipment purchased by the US Army Corps of Engineers for use in military construction projects in Saudi Arabia, recorded in US accounts as US imports.

h US arms exports data shown in the last two editions has been revised upward substantially from previous editions, as have US arms imports in the last five editions. (See Statistical Notes, Redefinition of US Arms Exports, Arms Imports.)

i The Yemens became unified on May 22, 1990. Arms purchases made by unified Yemen following this date are shown under Yemen (Sanaa).

TABLE III. Value of Arms Transfer Deliveries, Cumulative 1993-1995By Major Supplier and Recipient Country

(In Millions of Current Dollars)

RECIPIENT

SUPPLIER TOTAL a UNITEDSTATES

UNITEDKINGDOM

RUSSIA FRANCE GERMANY CHINA OTHERNATO

MIDDLEEAST

OTHEREASTERNEUROPE

OTHERWESTERNEUROPE

OTHEREAST ASIA

OTHERS

WORLD TOTALS 88,915 42,775b 14,955 7,925 4,760 4,335 2,470 3,150 2,855 1,855 900 740 2,195—DEVELOPED(@) 35,140 21,220b 1,865 1,385 1,610 3,830 160 1,840 1,395 170 650 195 820—DEVELOPING 53,775 21,555b 13,090 6,540 3,150 505 2,310 1,310 1,460 1,685 250 545 1,375

OPEC(#) 29,555 12,385 10,875 1,830 1,950 230 590 535 100 230 150 195 485NATO 16,250 9,075b 1,415 400 1,160 985 100 1,490 535 5 195 195 695WARSAW PACT 1,705 20 0 1,295 0 120 0 0 95 170 0 0 5

AFRICA 3,350 370 10 795 360 10 105 215 910 165 80 70 260

NORTH AFRICA 740 230 10 260 70 0 0 50 10 80 0 10 10Algeria# 395 10 0 260 0 0 0 30 0 60 0 0 10Libya# 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0Morocco 235 140 0 0 0 0 0 20 10 10 0 0 0Tunisia 100 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0

SUBSAHAR. AFRICA 1,810 140 0 535 160 10 95 165 300 85 10 60 250Angola 1,060 0 0 525 0 0 0 140 100 40 0 60 170Benin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Botswana 40 5 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 30Burkina Faso 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Burundi 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Cameroon 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Cape Verde 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Central African Rep. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Chad 50 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Congo 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 10Djibouti 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Equatorial Guinea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Eritrea 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 10 0 0Ethiopia 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Gabon# 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Gambia, The 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Ghana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Guinea 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5Guinea-Bissau 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Ivory Coast 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Kenya 20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Lesotho 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Liberia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Madagascar 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Malawi 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Mali 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Mauritania 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Mauritius 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5Mozambique 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Namibia 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 5Niger 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Nigeria# 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Rwanda 100 80 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sao Tome & Principe 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

151

TABLE III. Value of Arms Transfer Deliveries, Cumulative 1993-1995By Major Supplier and Recipient Country — continued


RECIPIENT


UNITEDKINGDOM


MIDDLEEAST

OTHEREASTERNEUROPE

OTHERWESTERNEUROPE

OTHEREAST ASIA

OTHERS

SUBSAHARAN AFRICA - Continued

Senegal 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sierra Leone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Somalia 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Sudan 260 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 180 30 0 0 20Swaziland 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Tanzania 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Togo 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5Uganda 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Zaire 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Zambia 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Zimbabwe 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0

South Africa@ 800 0 0 0 130 0 0 0 600 0 70 0 0

AMERICAS:

CENTRAL AM. & CAR. 305 180 0 105 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5Barbados 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Belize 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Costa Rica 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Cuba 100 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Dominican Republic 30 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0El Salvador 100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Guatemala 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 5Haiti 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Honduras 40 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Jamaica 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Nicaragua 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Panama 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Trinidad & Tobago 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

NORTH AM. (NAFTA) 4,440 490 1,200 70 430 310 100 970 340 5 80 190 255Canada@ 710 400 0 0 290 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0Mexico 155 90 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 10 0 5United States@ 3,575 X 1,200 0 130 310 100 950 340 5 50 190 250

SOUTH AMERICA 2,230 370 150 120 250 200 25 275 385 270 0 50 135Argentina 75 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0Bolivia 15 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Brazil 430 80 80 0 60 160 0 30 0 0 0 0 0Chile 525 20 0 0 0 0 0 180 250 0 0 0 5Colombia 155 80 0 0 0 0 0 5 20 0 0 0 40Ecuador# 370 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 50 0 10 80Guyana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Paraguay 25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 10 5Peru 375 20 0 0 0 0 0 20 30 220 0 20 5Suriname 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Uruguay 10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Venezuela# 250 80 0 0 60 0 0 40 20 0 0 10 0

152



RECIPIENT


UNITEDKINGDOM


MIDDLEEAST

OTHEREASTERNEUROPE

OTHERWESTERNEUROPE

OTHEREAST ASIA

OTHERS

ASIA:

CENT. ASIA & CAUC. 535 0 0 445 0 0 0 0 0 70 0 0 20Armenia 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Azerbaijan 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 70 0 0 0Georgia 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Kazakstan 360 0 0 360 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Kyrgyzstan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Tajikistan 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Turkmenistan 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Uzbekistan 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20

MIDDLE EAST 36,940 18,415 11,450 1,715 2,020 380 840 465 30 740 175 245 465Bahrain 200 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10Cyprus 145 0 0 0 70 0 0 10 0 0 5 20 0Egypt 4,495 4,100 0 0 130 0 0 0 0 210 0 0 5Iran# 1,780 0 0 1,000 0 0 490 0 20 80 0 110 20Iraq# 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Israel@ 2,060 1,700 0 0 0 300 60 0 0 0 0 0 0Jordan 150 140 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0Kuwait# 2,055 1,600 160 240 0 0 0 0 5 10 0 0 30Lebanon 50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Oman 870 30 725 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 20 0 40Qatar# 55 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Saudi Arabia# 22,555c 10,100 10,300 0 1,400 60 90 450 0 0 150 0 5Syria 380 0 0 120 0 0 0 0 0 180 0 50 10United Arab Emir.# 1,735 500 260 280 270 0 0 5 0 30 0 50 340Yemen 410 0 0 — 0 0 160 0 0 230 0 10 5

EAST ASIA 15,895 8,130 1,670 2,235 170 1,650 535 380 445 255 70 115 240Brunei 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Burma 370 0 0 0 0 0 310 0 0 5 0 10 30Cambodia 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 10China—Mainland 1,610 40 0 1,200 0 0 X 0 310 50 0 0 0—Taiwan@ 3,215 3,200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Indonesia# 300 70 100 0 0 110 0 10 5 0 0 5 0Japan@ 1,960 1,900 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Korea, North 190 0 0 170 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0Korea, South@ 3,505 1,400 290 0 100 1,500 0 210 0 0 0 0 0Laos 110 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0Malaysia 1,920 40 1,200 550 0 0 0 20 0 0 20 70 20Mongolia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Philippines 240 160 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 10 0Singapore@ 560 220 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 0 40 0 150Thailand 1,575 1,100 0 0 0 0 110 110 10 180 10 5 30Vietnam 295 0 0 290 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0

SOUTH ASIA 2,660 115 120 740 430 0 865 35 30 160 10 15 135Afghanistan 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 20 0 0 20Bangladesh 120 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 5

153



RECIPIENT


UNITEDKINGDOM


MIDDLEEAST

OTHEREASTERNEUROPE

OTHERWESTERNEUROPE

OTHEREAST ASIA

OTHERS

SOUTH ASIA - Continued

Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0India 890 100 0 675 0 0 0 10 30 50 0 5 10Nepal 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Pakistan 1,300 10 90 0 430 0 625 20 0 40 10 10 60Sri Lanka 290 0 0 0 0 0 210 0 0 20 0 0 40

EUROPE 15,740 8,915 325 1,700 1,090 1,280 0 670 660 190 195 55 660

EASTERN EUROPE 2,470 30 0 1,315 0 125 0 70 465 190 10 50 215Albania 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Belarus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Bosnia & Herzegovina 320 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 240 0 0 40 0Bulgaria 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0Croatia 310 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 20 0 10 200Czech Republic@ 100 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 0 0 0 5Estonia 55 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 0Hungary@ 950 10 0 825 0 110 0 0 0 5 0 0 0Latvia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Lithuania 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10Macedonia 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Moldova 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Poland@ 100 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 80 0 0 0Romania 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Russia@ 5 5 0 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Serbia & Montenegro 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Slovakia@ 550 0 0 470 0 0 0 0 0 80 0 0 0Slovenia 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 10 0 0Ukraine 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

WESTERN EUROPE 13,270 8,885 325 385 1,090 1,155 0 600 195 0 185 5 445Austria@ 185 10 0 0 160 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0Belgium@ 775 300 0 0 280 0 0 170 0 0 20 0 0Denmark@ 220 190 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0Finland@ 375 40 100 0 160 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0France@ 370 260 0 0 X 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 70Germany@ 1,270 1,000 0 0 0 X 0 230 0 0 30 0 0Greece@ 2,195 1,200 0 0 60 525 0 20 0 0 50 5 330Iceland@ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Ireland@ 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 0 0 0 0 0Italy@ 330 250 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Luxembourg@ 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Malta 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Netherlands@ 560 525 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 10 0 0Norway@ 390 210 0 0 120 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0Portugal@ 515 410 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5Spain@ 1,580 1,300 0 0 0 0 0 0 190 0 0 0 0Sweden@ 395 100 0 5 0 280 0 0 0 0 10 0 0Switzerland@ 290 60 0 0 0 160 0 0 0 0 40 0 0

154



RECIPIENT


UNITEDKINGDOM


MIDDLEEAST

OTHEREASTERNEUROPE

OTHERWESTERNEUROPE

OTHEREAST ASIA

OTHERS

WESTERN EUROPE - Continued

Turkey 3,020 2,300 0 350 170 90 0 60 5 0 5 0 30United Kingdom@ 735 725 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10

OCEANIA 2,170 1,140 30 0 0 500 0 140 50 0 290 0 20Australia@ 2,030 1,100 0 0 0 500 0 80 50 0 290 0 0Fiji 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20New Zealand@ 120 40 0 0 0 0 0 60 0 0 0 0 0Papua New Guinea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Undistributedby Country X X 330 505 740 230 215 X X X X X X

155

@ Developed country (all others are “developing”). # OPEC country X Not applicable.0 Nil or negligible ($2.5 million or less), except that where "Supplier" (other than U.S.) and "Recipient" are single

countries, "0" may mean: $50 million or less. (See last line of the table for total amount not distributed by individual recipient.)

NOTE: To avoid the appearance of excessive accuracy, the entries in this table are independently rounded, with greater severity for larger numbers. Totals here are the sum of the rounded components.

a Comparable totals in Tables III and IV do not agree precisely due to the fact that rounding was done at different stages of aggregation.

b US arms transfers to the World, Developed, and Developing groupings include transfers to NATO agencies as such and to other international agencies and classified transfers, which are not attributed to individual recipient countries or regions.

c Includes major equipment purchased by the US Army Corps of Engineers for use in military construction projects in Saudi Arabia, recorded in US accounts as imports to the US. These purchases, not attributable to individual supplier countries, are included under "Others".

TABLE IV. Value of Arms Transfer Deliveries and Agreements, 1985-1995By Major Supplier and Recipient Region

(In Billions of Current Dollars)

RECIPIENT

SUPPLIER WORLD a UNITEDSTATES

UNITEDKINGDOM

RUSSIA

SOVIET UNIONb

FRANCE GERMANY CHINA ISRAEL OTHERWESTERNEUROPE

CANADA OTHEREASTERNEUROPE

OTHEREAST ASIA

OTHERS

WORLD c1985 52.9 13.8 1.6 16.7 7.1 1.4 0.7 0.7 0.6 3.5 5.1 0.7 1.71986 53.5 11.6 3.7 21.5 4.4 1.4 1.2 .7 .5 2.6 4.5 .6 1.51987 63.7 17.5 5.1 23.1 2.9 1.6 1.9 .9 .7 3.4 4.4 .8 2.21988 59.9 14.0 4.9 22.0 2.0 1.8 3.0 .7 .7 3.4 3.8 1.3 2.91989 53.8 15.9 5.0 18.9 2.4 1.3 2.7 1.1 .5 1.9 2.3 .8 2.21990 47.9 14.2 4.6 15.0 5.2 1.7 2.0 .6 .6 1.9 1.1 .5 1.11991 35.5 14.4 4.9 6.2 2.1 2.4 1.4 .7 .6 1.6 .7 .3 1.01992 29.2 13.2 4.7 2.5 1.8 1.0 1.1 .6 1.2 2.0 .3 .3 1.11993 30.7 15.2 4.6 3.1 1.1 1.7 1.1 .6 .8 1.2 .4 .3 1.21994 26.1 11.9 5.1 1.5 1.5 1.4 .7 .7 .3 1.2 .7 .2 1.61995 31.9 15.6 5.2 3.3 2.2 1.2 .6 .8 .3 1.1 .8 .2 1.5

Total 485.1 157.4 49.3 133.9 32.7 16.8 16.5 8.2 6.7 23.8 24.0 6.0 17.9

DEVELOPED c1985 15.1 8.0 0.5 2.2 0.4 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.5 1.7 0.1 0.41986 14.9 6.3 .8 3.3 .6 .7 0 .2 .5 .5 1.9 .1 .31987 19.6 10.7 1.0 2.5 .6 .6 0 .5 .7 1.3 1.8 — .61988 19.0 9.4 1.2 2.1 .9 .9 0 .5 .7 1.4 1.5 .1 .91989 18.8 11.3 .8 1.9 .9 .9 — .7 .4 .7 .9 .1 .81990 14.8 9.1 .8 .9 .6 1.3 — .4 .5 1.0 .1 .1 .41991 13.6 8.3 1.1 .1 .5 1.3 — .5 .6 1.1 — .1 .61992 11.4 6.6 .7 — 1.0 .8 — .4 .6 1.1 0 .1 .41993 13.7 7.7 1.0 1.0 .6 1.5 .1 .4 .4 .9 .1 .1 .41994 10.7 6.6 .5 .1 .5 1.3 — .5 .2 .7 — .1 .81995 10.6 6.7 .4 .3 .5 1.0 — .4 .2 .7 .1 .1 .4

Total 162.2 90.6 8.8 14.3 7.1 10.9 .2 4.7 5.4 9.9 8.1 .8 6.0

DEVELOPING c1985 37.8 5.8 1.1 14.5 6.7 0.8 0.7 0.4 — 3.0 3.3 0.7 1.31986 38.5 5.4 2.8 18.2 3.8 .7 1.2 .4 — 2.1 2.6 .6 1.21987 44.1 6.8 4.2 20.6 2.3 1.0 1.9 .4 .1 2.1 2.7 .7 1.61988 40.8 4.6 3.7 20.0 1.1 .9 3.0 .3 — 2.0 2.3 1.2 2.01989 35.0 4.7 4.1 17.0 1.5 .4 2.7 .4 .1 1.2 1.4 .7 1.41990 33.1 5.2 3.8 14.1 4.6 .3 2.0 .2 .1 .9 1.0 .4 .71991 21.9 6.1 3.8 6.1 1.6 1.1 1.4 .2 — .5 .7 .2 .41992 17.8 6.6 4.0 2.5 .8 .2 1.0 .2 .5 .9 .3 .2 .61993 17.0 7.5 3.6 2.1 .5 .2 1.0 .2 .4 .3 .3 .2 .81994 15.4 5.3 4.7 1.4 1.0 .1 .7 .3 — .5 .6 .1 .81995 21.4 8.8 4.8 2.9 1.6 .2 .6 .4 — .4 .7 .2 1.1

Total 322.9 66.8 40.5 119.5 25.6 5.9 16.2 3.5 1.3 13.9 15.9 5.2 11.9

156

DELIVERIES

TABLE IV. Value of Arms Transfer Deliveries and Agreements, 1985-1995By Supplier and Recipient Region — continued


RECIPIENT


UNITEDKINGDOM

RUSSIA

SOVIET UNIONb



OTHEREAST ASIA

OTHERS

AFRICA, ALL1985 5.5 0.4 0.2 3.2 0.4 0.1 — — — 0.4 0.6 — 0.11986 4.9 .2 .1 3.1 .3 .1 — — 0 .1 .6 — .21987 7.0 .3 .1 4.8 .2 — .1 .2 — .5 .5 .1 .41988 6.5 .3 .1 4.2 .1 — .1 .2 — .3 .5 .4 .61989 4.9 .2 — 3.3 .2 — .1 .3 — .2 .4 .1 .51990 2.9 .1 — 1.6 .1 — .2 .2 — .3 .1 .1 .31991 1.6 .1 .1 .6 .1 — .1 .3 0 .1 .1 — .41992 1.0 .1 .1 — .1 — .1 .2 0 .1 .1 0 .31993 .9 .1 — .1 .2 — — .2 0 .1 — 0 .41994 1.6 .2 .5 .1 — .1 .3 0 .2 — — .51995 .8 .1 — .2 .1 0 — .2 0 .1 .1 0 .3

Total 37.7 2.2 .9 21.7 1.8 .2 .9 2.2 .1 2.2 2.9 .8 4.0

—NORTH AFRICA1985 2.6 0.3 — 1.2 0.2 — — 0.0 — 0.3 0.5 — —1986 2.0 .1 0 1.3 .1 — 0 0 0 — .5 — —1987 1.8 .1 0 1.0 — 0 — 0 0 .3 .3 — 01988 2.0 .1 0 1.0 — 0 — 0 0 .2 .4 .3 —1989 1.8 .1 0 1.4 — — — 0 — .1 .3 .1 01990 .9 .1 0 .6 — 0 — 0 — .2 — 0 01991 .6 .1 0 .5 — — — 0 0 — — 0 —1992 .2 .1 0 0 — — — 0 0 — — 0 01993 .1 .1 — — — 0 0 0 0 — 0 0 01994 .3 .1 0 .1 0 0 — 0 0 — — — —1995 .3 .1 — .1 — 0 0 0 0 — .1 0 —

Total 12.7 1.1 0 7.2 0.5 0 0.1 0 0 1.0 2.1 .4 .1

—SUBSAHARAN AFRICA (excluding South Africa)1985 2.9 0.1 0.2 2.0 0.2 0.1 — — — 0.1 0.1 — 0.11986 2.9 .2 .1 1.8 .2 .1 — — 0 .1 .1 — .21987 5.0 .1 .1 3.9 .1 — .1 — — .2 .2 .1 .21988 4.3 .1 .1 3.2 .1 — — — — .1 .1 .1 .41989 2.7 .1 — 1.9 .1 — .1 0 — .1 .1 — .21990 1.7 .1 — 1.0 .1 — .1 0 — .1 — .1 .11991 .6 .1 .1 .1 — 0 .1 0 0 — .1 — .11992 .5 .1 .1 — — 0 .1 — 0 .1 — 0 .11993 .6 — 0 — .1 — — — 0 .1 — 0 .21994 1.0 .1 0 .4 — — — .1 0 .1 — — .31995 .3 — 0 .1 — 0 — 0 0 0 .1 0 .1

Total 22.5 1.0 .8 14.4 .9 .2 .7 .2 .1 1.1 .8 .4 1.9

157

DELIVERIES - Continued



RECIPIENT


UNITEDKINGDOM

RUSSIA

SOVIET UNIONb



OTHEREAST ASIA

OTHERS

AMERICAS:

—CENTRAL AMERICA and CARIBBEAN1985 2.9 0.2 0.0 1.3 — 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 — 1.3 — —1986 2.5 .2 — 2.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 .1 0 —1987 2.5 .2 0 2.2 0 0 0 — 0 0 — — —1988 2.5 .2 0 2.2 0 0 0 0 0 — .1 — 01989 1.7 .2 0 1.5 — 0 0 0 0 0 — — —1990 1.6 .2 0 1.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 — 01991 .7 .1 0 .6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01992 .2 .1 0 .1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 — 01993 .2 .1 0 .1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 —1994 .1 .1 0 0 — 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 —1995 0 — 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 14.9 1.5 0 11.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 .1 .1

—NORTH AMERICA (NAFTA)1985 1.9 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.0 — 0.21986 2.2 .2 .4 0 .4 .2 0 .2 .5 .3 0 .1 .21987 2.5 .2 .6 0 .3 .2 0 .2 .5 .3 0 — .21988 3.1 .3 .8 0 .3 .2 0 .1 .6 .3 0 — .51989 2.1 .2 .7 0 — .2 — .1 .4 .2 — .1 .11990 2.1 .2 .5 0 .1 .3 — .1 .5 .3 — .1 .11991 2.3 .3 .7 0 .1 .2 — .2 .4 .3 — .1 .21992 2.1 .2 .5 0 .1 .2 — .1 .2 .6 0 .1 .21993 1.6 .1 .5 — .1 .1 .1 .1 .2 .3 0 .1 .11994 1.5 .2 .4 — .2 .1 — .1 .2 .2 0 .1 .21995 1.3 .1 .3 — .1 .1 — .1 .2 .1 0 .1 .2

Total 22.7 2.2 5.7 .1 2.1 1.9 .2 1.4 4.3 3.3 0 .7 2.2

—SOUTH AMERICA1985 1.0 0.4 — — 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 — 0.1 0.21986 1.0 .2 — — .1 .2 0 .1 — .2 — — .21987 1.2 .2 — .1 .4 .1 0 .1 — .2 0 — .21988 1.3 .3 .1 0 .1 .5 0 .1 0 .2 0 — .11989 1.1 .4 0 .1 .2 — 0 .3 0 .2 — 0 .31990 .6 .2 — 0 .2 .1 0 .1 0 — — — .11991 .8 .1 .1 — .2 .2 0 .1 — .1 0 0 .11992 .5 .2 .1 — .1 .1 — — 0 — 0 0 .11993 .4 .1 — 0 .1 .1 — .1 0 — — — .11994 .5 .1 — — .1 0 — — — .1 — — .11995 1.3 .2 .1 .1 .1 .1 — .3 — .1 .3 — 0.3

Total 9.7 2.3 .4 .4 1.6 1.5 0 1.2 .1 1.2 .3 .2 1.8

158




RECIPIENT


UNITEDKINGDOM

RUSSIA

SOVIET UNIONb



OTHEREAST ASIA

OTHERS

EUROPE, ALL1985 10.0 3.8 0.2 3.1 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.1 — 0.2 1.8 — 0.21986 11.7 3.1 .4 4.8 .2 .7 0 .1 .1 .2 2.1 0 .11987 12.9 5.0 .5 3.7 .3 .7 0 .1 .1 .5 1.9 0 .11988 11.7 5.0 .3 2.5 .7 .9 0 .1 — .6 1.6 — .21989 12.7 7.0 .1 2.3 .8 .7 0 .3 .1 .4 .9 0 .31990 9.9 5.0 .3 2.4 .4 1.0 0 .1 .1 .4 .1 0 .11991 6.6 4.0 .3 .2 .4 1.1 0 .1 .1 .4 0 0 .11992 5.4 2.8 .2 .1 .7 .7 0 — .4 .5 0 0 .11993 6.3 2.9 .2 1.2 .4 .7 0 — .2 .5 .1 — .21994 4.5 2.9 — .1 .3 .5 0 .1 .1 .3 — — .41995 4.8 3.1 .1 .4 .4 .1 0 — — .2 .1 — .3

Total 96.6 44.7 2.6 20.7 4.7 7.6 0 1.1 1.2 4.3 8.7 0.1 2.1

—EASTERN EUROPE1985 4.8 — 0.0 2.9 0.0 — 0.0 0.0 0.0 — 1.8 0.0 0.01986 6.7 — 0 4.6 — 0 0 0 0 — 2.1 0 01987 5.3 — 0 3.4 — 0 0 0 0 — 1.9 0 01988 4.0 — — 2.4 0 0 0 0 0 — 1.6 — 01989 3.3 — 0 2.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 .9 0 01990 2.7 — 0 2.4 0 .2 0 0 0 0 .1 0 01991 .2 — 0 .2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01992 — — 0 — 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01993 1.3 — 0 1.0 0 .1 0 — 0 0 .1 0 0.21994 .3 — 0 — 0 0 0 .1 — — — — 0.21995 .8 — 0 .3 0 — 0 0 — — .1 — 0.3

Total 29.6 .2 0 19.6 0 .3 0 .1 0 .1 8.7 .1 0.7

—WESTERN EUROPE1985 5.2 3.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.1 — 0.2 — — 0.21986 5.0 3.1 .4 .2 .2 .7 0 .1 .1 .2 — 0 .11987 7.6 5.0 .5 .3 .3 .7 0 .1 .1 .4 — 0 .11988 7.7 5.0 .3 .1 .7 .9 0 .1 — .5 0 0 .21989 9.5 7.0 .1 0 .8 .7 0 .3 .1 .4 0 0 .31990 7.2 5.0 .3 0 .4 .9 0 .1 .1 .4 0 0 .11991 6.3 4.0 .3 0 .4 1.1 0 .1 .1 .4 0 0 .11992 5.4 2.8 .2 — .7 .7 0 — .4 .4 0 0 .11993 5.0 2.9 .2 .2 .4 .6 0 — .2 .3 0 — —1994 4.3 2.9 — .1 .3 .5 0 — .1 .2 0 0 .21995 4.0 3.1 .1 .1 .4 .1 0 — — .2 0 0 —

Total 66.9 44.5 2.6 1.1 4.7 7.2 0 1.0 1.2 3.5 0 0 1.4

159




RECIPIENT


UNITEDKINGDOM

RUSSIA

SOVIET UNIONb



OTHEREAST ASIA

OTHERS

ASIA:

—CENTRAL ASIA and CAUCASUS1992 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01993 .1 0 0 .1 0 0 0 0 0 0 — 0 01994 .1 0 0 — 0 0 0 0 0 0 .1 0 —1995 .3 0 0 .3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total .5 0 0 .4 0 0 0 0 0 0 .1 0 0

—EAST ASIA1985 6.1 2.7 0.2 2.3 0.1 0.1 — 0.3 0.0 0.4 — 0.1 0.31986 6.0 2.4 .2 2.9 .1 — — .3 0 .1 — — .31987 7.7 3.2 .2 3.0 — .1 — .3 — .6 — .1 .31988 7.3 3.0 .2 2.8 .1 .1 .1 .2 — .7 — .1 .21989 6.6 3.4 .1 2.5 .1 .1 — .2 — .1 — — .21990 5.4 3.0 — 1.7 .1 .1 .1 .2 0 .1 — — .21991 5.3 3.2 .3 .5 .1 .3 .5 .1 0 .2 .1 — .11992 4.8 2.7 .1 1.2 .2 — .3 .1 0 .1 — — .11993 4.1 2.3 .5 .4 .1 .4 .1 .1 0 .1 — — .11994 5.3 2.5 .8 .3 .1 .7 .2 .1 0 .3 .2 — .21995 6.4 3.3 .3 1.5 — .6 .2 .2 0 .2 — — .2

Total 65.0 31.8 2.9 19.0 .9 2.4 1.6 2.1 .1 2.9 .5 .6 2.3

—MIDDLE EAST1985 20.3 4.7 0.4 4.7 5.4 0.1 0.7 0.0 0.0 2.0 1.2 0.4 0.71986 19.4 4.4 2.3 5.4 2.3 .2 1.0 0 0 1.5 1.5 .5 .51987 23.9 7.1 3.5 6.2 1.3 .2 1.7 0 0 .7 1.8 .4 .91988 19.7 3.5 3.3 5.1 .7 .1 2.7 0 0 .8 1.6 .7 1.21989 16.0 3.1 3.9 3.2 1.1 .2 2.2 0 0 .3 .9 .4 .71990 17.1 3.0 3.6 2.8 4.2 .1 1.6 0 — .4 .9 .2 .31991 13.2 4.9 3.4 1.6 1.2 .6 .6 0 0 .1 .4 .2 .11992 12.6 5.9 3.7 .6 .5 — .3 0 .5 .6 .2 .2 .21993 13.2 6.9 3.3 1.0 .2 .2 .4 0 .4 .1 .2 .1 .21994 10.0 4.1 3.8 .3 .7 .2 .2 0 0 .1 .3 .1 .21995 13.9 7.4 4.4 .4 1.1 — .2 0 0 — .2 — 0.1

Total 179.2 54.9 35.6 31.4 18.8 1.9 11.5 0 .9 6.7 9.1 3.3 4.8

—SOUTH ASIA1985 3.8 0.3 0.3 2.1 0.7 0.2 — — 0.0 0.1 0.2 — —1986 4.9 .2 .1 3.2 .9 — .1 — — .1 .2 — —1987 4.8 .3 .1 3.0 .4 .2 .1 — 0 .5 .1 — —1988 6.3 .2 — 5.2 — — .2 0 — .5 .1 — —1989 7.5 .3 .2 6.1 0 — .3 — 0 .4 .1 .1 —1990 6.2 .8 .1 5.1 — — .1 0 0 — — — —1991 3.2 .1 0 2.6 — .1 .2 0 0 — .1 — —1992 1.2 — 0 .5 .1 .1 .3 0 0 — — 0 —1993 .9 — — .3 — — .5 0 0 — — 0 —1994 .7 .1 .1 .1 .1 0 .2 0 0 .1 — 0 —1995 1.1 — — .3 .3 0 .2 — 0 — .1 — .1

Total 40.7 2.3 .9 28.6 2.7 .6 2.2 .1 0 1.8 .9 .2 .3

160




RECIPIENT


UNITEDKINGDOM

RUSSIA

SOVIET UNIONb



OTHEREAST ASIA

OTHERS

OCEANIA1985 1.0 0.9 — 0.0 — — 0.0 — 0.0 — 0.0 0.0 —1986 .8 .6 .1 0 — — 0 0 0 — 0 0 —1987 1.0 .9 — 0 0 — 0 0 0 — 0 0 —1988 1.3 1.2 — 0 0 — 0 0 0 .1 0 — —1989 1.1 .9 — 0 0 — 0 — — .1 0 0 .11990 .9 .5 — 0 — 0 0 — 0 .4 0 0 —1991 .8 .3 — 0 — 0 0 — 0 .4 0 0 —1992 .4 .2 — 0 0 0 0 — 0 .1 0 0 .11993 .7 .4 — 0 0 .3 0 — 0 .1 0 0 —1994 .4 .4 — 0 0 0 0 — 0 0 0 0 —1995 1.0 .3 — 0 0 .3 0 0 .1 .3 0 0 —

Total 9.3 6.6 .2 0 .1 .6 0 .1 .1 1.4 0 0 .3

161




RECIPIENT


UNITEDKINGDOM

RUSSIA

SOVIET UNIONb



OTHEREAST ASIA

OTHERS

WORLD c1985 73.2 16.6 19.7 20.5 3.4 0.4 1.4 0.5 0.6 3.6 4.8 0.8 1.41986 52.2 10.0 1.6 21.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 .2 .6 4.5 6.4 .5 2.01987 65.3 12.8 1.7 24.7 3.5 2.6 4.4 3.6 .9 5.3 3.4 1.2 4.61988 66.3 16.2 21.6 14.8 2.0 1.2 2.5 .4 .7 1.8 2.5 1.4 1.71989 52.7 18.4 1.9 15.5 1.6 6.0 1.4 .8 1.6 1.9 1.8 .7 2.01990 44.3 18.3 2.2 11.6 2.9 2.0 2.2 .4 .5 1.6 .8 1.0 1.21991 43.2 26.1 1.1 6.0 3.3 1.7 .5 .3 .8 1.6 .8 .4 .91992 32.2 17.7 2.3 1.8 4.4 1.4 .5 .6 .2 2.0 .4 .3 1.11993 51.8 36.8 3.1 2.3 4.9 1.0 .6 .5 .4 .9 .4 .5 1.01994 34.7 15.3 1.1 3.7 8.8 1.3 .8 .3 .5 1.9 .4 .1 .81995 33.0 12.8 1.0 9.1 2.7 2.0 .2 .7 .4 1.8 1.0 .5 1.5

Total 548.9 201.0 57.3 131.1 39.4 21.4 16.3 8.3 7.1 27.0 22.6 7.4 18.2

DEVELOPED c1985 18.7 9.5 0.5 2.4 1.7 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.5 1.4 1.9 0.1 0.51986 16.3 6.3 .7 3.3 1.0 1.2 0 .1 .5 1.3 1.7 .1 .21987 24.2 8.6 1.2 2.2 .6 2.4 0 2.4 .9 4.3 1.6 .1 2.41988 17.4 8.7 1.2 2.0 1.1 .7 0 .3 .6 .8 1.5 .1 .71989 23.5 10.1 .9 2.7 .7 5.6 — .5 .5 1.0 .8 .1 1.21990 13.9 10.5 1.0 .2 .2 .3 — .3 .5 .5 .1 .1 .31991 16.9 10.1 .7 0 2.9 1.3 — .3 .8 .6 — .1 .51992 18.4 11.4 .5 .1 3.9 .7 — .5 .2 1.0 0 .1 .51993 24.1 19.1 1.0 1.0 .9 .9 .1 .1 .4 .4 .1 .1 .11994 13.5 9.6 .5 — .7 1.3 — .1 .2 .8 — .1 .41995 13.7 8.6 .5 1.0 .2 1.7 — .5 .3 .5 .3 .1 .6

Total 200.6 112.5 8.7 14.9 13.7 16.2 .2 5.3 5.4 12.6 8.2 .8 7.4

DEVELOPING c1985 54.6 7.1 19.2 18.2 1.8 0.2 1.4 0.2 0.1 2.2 2.8 0.7 0.91986 35.9 3.7 .9 17.7 1.0 .6 1.8 .1 .1 3.2 4.7 .4 1.81987 41.1 4.3 .6 22.6 2.9 .3 4.4 1.3 — 1.0 1.7 1.2 2.11988 48.9 7.5 20.4 12.7 .9 .5 2.5 .1 — 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.01989 29.2 8.4 1.1 12.8 .9 .3 1.4 .3 1.1 .9 .9 .6 .81990 30.5 7.8 1.1 11.4 2.7 1.7 2.2 .1 0 1.1 .7 .9 .91991 26.3 16.0 .4 6.0 .5 .4 .5 — 0 1.1 .8 .3 .41992 13.7 6.3 1.8 1.7 .5 .8 .5 .2 0 1.0 .4 .2 .61993 27.7 17.7 2.1 1.3 4.0 .1 .5 .4 0 .5 .3 .4 .81994 21.2 5.7 .7 3.7 8.1 — .8 .1 .3 1.0 .4 .1 .41995 19.2 4.2 .5 8.1 2.5 .3 .2 .2 .1 1.4 .7 .4 .9

Total 348.3 88.5 48.6 116.2 25.7 5.2 16.1 3.0 1.6 14.5 14.4 6.6 10.8

162

AGREEMENTS



RECIPIENT


UNITEDKINGDOM

RUSSIA

SOVIET UNIONb



OTHEREAST ASIA

OTHERS

AFRICA, ALL1985 5.2 0.3 — 3.3 0.5 — 0.0 — 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.21986 6.4 .3 — 4.1 .1 0 — — — .5 1.1 — .31987 8.6 .3 — 5.5 .3 — .1 1.8 0 .1 .1 .3 1.91988 3.9 .2 — 2.5 — — .1 0 — .2 .2 .2 .51989 4.8 .2 .3 2.6 .4 — .4 .1 — .3 .1 .1 .41990 1.2 .1 0 .6 .1 — .1 .1 0 — — — .21991 .6 .1 0 — — 0 .1 0 0 .1 .1 .1 —1992 .6 .1 — — .1 0 — .1 0 .1 0 — .31993 1.0 .1 0 .1 — — — — 0 .3 .1 — .21994 1.4 .2 — .6 .2 0 — 0 0 .2 .1 — .11995 .4 — — .2 — 0 — 0 0 0 .1 0 —

Total 34.2 1.9 .4 19.5 1.8 .1 .9 2.2 .1 2.4 2.1 .9 4.1

—NORTH AFRICA1985 3.5 0.1 — 2.5 0.3 — 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.1 — —1986 2.9 .1 0 1.5 — 0 — 0 0 .3 .9 0 —1987 .5 .1 0 0 0 0 — 0 0 .1 — .3 —1988 2.1 .1 0 1.6 — — 0 0 — .2 .1 .1 —1989 .8 .1 0 .5 0 0 — 0 0 .1 0 0 —1990 .3 .1 0 0 .1 — 0 0 0 — 0 — —1991 .4 .1 0 0 0 0 .1 0 0 — .1 .1 01992 — — — 0 — 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01993 .5 .1 0 .1 0 0 0 0 0 .3 .1 0 —1994 .6 .1 — .2 .2 0 0 0 0 — — — 01995 .1 — — — 0 0 0 0 0 0 — 0 —

Total 11.5 .9 0 6.4 .6 0 .2 0 0 1.4 1.3 .5 .1

—SUBSAHARAN AFRICA (excluding South Africa)1985 1.7 0.1 — 0.8 0.3 — 0.0 — 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.21986 3.5 .2 — 2.7 — 0 — 0 — .1 .2 — .31987 6.3 .1 — 5.5 .3 — — 0 0 — .1 — .11988 1.8 .1 — .9 — — .1 0 0 .1 .1 .2 .51989 3.6 .1 .3 2.1 .1 — .3 — — .2 .1 .1 .21990 .8 .1 0 .6 — 0 .1 0 0 0 — — .11991 .3 .1 0 — — 0 — 0 0 .1 — — —1992 .6 — — — .1 0 — .1 0 .1 0 — .31993 .5 — 0 .1 — — — — 0 .1 — — .21994 .7 .1 0 .4 .1 0 — 0 0 — — — .11995 .3 — — .1 — 0 — 0 0 0 .1 0 —

Total 20.1 1.0 .4 13.1 .9 0 .7 .2 .1 .8 .8 .4 1.9

163

AGREEMENTS - Continued



RECIPIENT


UNITEDKINGDOM

RUSSIA

SOVIET UNIONb



OTHEREAST ASIA

OTHERS

AMERICAS:

—CENTRAL AMERICA and CARIBBEAN 1985 2.9 0.3 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 — —1986 2.5 .3 0 2.1 0 0 0 — 0 0 .1 — —1987 2.5 .2 0 2.2 0 0 0 0 0 — — — —1988 2.6 .2 0 2.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 .1 — —1989 1.8 .2 0 1.6 — 0 0 0 0 0 — — —1990 1.5 .1 0 1.4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 — 01991 .6 .1 0 .5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 —1992 .2 .1 0 .1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01993 .2 — 0 .1 — 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 —1994 .1 — 0 0 0 0 0 — 0 0 0 0 —1995 — — 0 0 0 0 0 — 0 0 0 0 —

Total 14.8 1.5 0 11.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.5 .1 .1

—NORTH AMERICA (NAFTA)1985 2.2 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.0 — 0.21986 2.6 .2 .4 0 .4 .2 .0 .1 .5 .8 0 .1 .21987 2.5 .2 .6 0 .3 .2 .0 .2 .5 .3 0 — .21988 3.1 .2 .8 0 .4 .2 .0 .1 .6 .4 0 — .51989 2.1 .3 .6 0 — .2 — .1 .5 .2 — .1 .11990 2.3 .3 .5 0 .1 .3 — .1 .5 .4 — .1 .11991 2.3 .3 .7 0 .1 .2 — .2 .4 .3 — .1 .21992 1.8 .2 .5 0 .1 .2 — .1 .2 .3 0 .1 .21993 1.8 .2 .5 — .3 .1 .1 .1 .2 .3 0 .1 .11994 1.5 .2 .4 — .1 .1 — .1 .2 .2 0 .1 .21995 1.3 .2 .3 — .1 .1 — .1 .2 .1 0 .1 .2

Total 23.6 2.7 5.7 .1 2.2 1.9 .2 1.4 4.3 3.6 0 .7 2.3

—SOUTH AMERICA1985 0.8 0.2 — 0.1 — 0.1 0.0 0.2 — 0.1 — 0.0 0.31986 .9 .1 — 0 — .3 0 — — .3 0 0 .11987 .9 .2 .1 0 .2 0 0 .3 — .1 0 — .31988 .9 .3 .1 0 .2 — 0 .1 0 .1 — — .11989 1.7 .5 — .1 .4 .3 0 .3 — .1 — 0 .31990 .5 .1 — — — — 0 .1 0 .2 0 — .11991 .4 .1 .1 0 — — — — 0 — 0 0 .11992 .4 .2 — — .1 — — — 0 — — — .11993 .3 .1 .1 0 — 0 0 — 0 — 0 0 .11994 1.3 .2 .4 .1 — 0 — .1 .1 .3 — — .11995 1.7 .2 — .1 .1 .3 — .1 — .4 .3 — .2

Total 9.9 2.4 .8 .4 1.2 1.0 0 1.2 .2 1.7 .3 0.1 1.8

164




RECIPIENT


UNITEDKINGDOM

RUSSIA

SOVIET UNIONb



OTHEREAST ASIA

OTHERS

EUROPE, ALL1985 13.9 5.3 0.1 3.5 1.6 — 0.0 0.1 — 1.1 2.0 — 0.31986 12.2 3.2 .4 4.9 .6 .8 0 0 — .3 1.9 0 01987 11.7 4.3 .5 3.0 .4 .4 0 .4 .3 .5 1.9 — .41988 9.4 3.3 .1 2.4 .7 .8 0 .1 — .4 1.5 0 .11989 13.0 5.5 .3 3.8 .1 1.3 0 .3 .1 .7 .8 0 .31990 7.8 4.6 .3 .9 .3 1.3 0 — — .2 .1 0 —1991 5.2 3.9 — .2 .3 — 0 .1 .4 .1 0 0 .31992 8.9 6.5 — .4 .3 1.1 0 .1 0 .5 0 0 .11993 10.5 7.1 .5 1.0 .8 .2 0 .4 .1 .1 .1 — .51994 7.3 4.6 — — .6 1.2 0 — .1 .6 — — .21995 10.2 5.2 .1 1.4 .2 1.6 0 .4 .1 .4 .3 — .7

Total 110.1 53.6 2.4 21.6 5.8 8.8 0 1.9 1.2 4.9 8.7 .1 3.0

—EASTERN EUROPE1985 5.5 — 0.0 3.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.01986 6.4 — 0 4.5 0 0 0 0 0 — 1.9 0 01987 5.1 — — 3.0 0 .2 0 0 0 0 1.9 — 01988 3.9 — 0 2.4 0 0 0 0 0 — 1.5 0 01989 4.7 — 0 3.8 0 0 0 0 0 0 .8 0 01990 1.1 — 0 .9 0 0 0 0 0 0 .1 0 01991 .2 — 0 .2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 —1992 .2 — 0 — 0 0 0 .1 0 0 0 0 .11993 1.8 — 0 1.0 .1 .1 0 .4 0 0 .1 0 .51994 .1 — 0 — 0 0 0 — — — — — .11995 2.4 — — 1.1 .1 .1 0 .1 0 .3 .3 — .4

Total 31.3 .2 0 20.4 .2 .3 0 .5 0 .3 8.7 0.1 1.0

—WESTERN EUROPE1985 8.5 5.3 0.1 0.1 1.5 — 0.0 0.1 — 1.1 — — 0.31986 5.8 3.2 .4 .4 .6 .8 0 0 — .3 — 0 01987 6.6 4.3 .5 0 .4 .2 0 .4 .3 .5 0 0 .41988 5.5 3.3 .1 — .7 .8 0 .1 — .4 0 0 .11989 8.3 5.4 .3 0 .1 1.3 0 .3 .1 .7 0 0 .31990 6.8 4.6 .3 0 .3 1.3 0 — — .2 0 0 —1991 5.0 3.9 — 0 .3 — 0 .1 .4 .1 0 0 .31992 8.7 6.5 — .3 .3 1.1 0 0 0 .5 0 0 01993 8.7 7.1 .5 — .8 .1 0 0 .1 .1 0 — 01994 7.2 4.6 — — .6 1.2 0 — .1 .5 0 0 .21995 7.9 5.2 .1 .3 .1 1.6 0 .3 .1 .2 0 0 .3

Total 78.8 53.4 2.4 1.2 5.6 8.5 0 1.4 1.2 4.6 0 0 1.9

165




RECIPIENT


UNITEDKINGDOM

RUSSIA

SOVIET UNIONb



OTHEREAST ASIA

OTHERS

ASIA:

—CENTRAL ASIA and CAUCASUS1992 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.01993 .1 0 0 .1 0 0 0 0 0 0 — 0 01994 .1 0 0 .1 0 0 0 0 0 0 — 0 —1995 1.6 0 0 1.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 1.8 0 0 1.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 .1 0 0

—EAST ASIA1985 7.3 3.6 0.2 3.1 0.1 — — 0.0 0.0 0.2 — — —1986 6.0 2.8 .2 2.5 — .3 — 0 .1 .1 — — —1987 10.7 3.4 — 3.7 .1 1.9 .1 1.0 0 .1 — .2 1.01988 6.7 3.4 .2 2.6 — 0 .3 — 0 .2 — .1 —1989 6.1 3.4 .3 1.9 .1 .1 .1 — 0 .1 — — —1990 8.0 4.3 1.0 1.7 — — .6 — 0 .1 .1 — .11991 8.6 3.8 0 1.5 2.5 — .1 0 0 .4 — — .21992 11.5 4.9 1.0 .6 3.6 .1 .1 .2 0 .7 .2 .1 .31993 11.5 9.6 .6 .4 — .6 .2 — 0 .1 — 0 —1994 6.6 3.6 .1 2.0 .1 — .2 0 .1 .3 — — —1995 8.8 2.5 .4 4.7 .1 — — — .1 .6 .1 .2 .1

Total 91.8 45.4 4.0 24.6 6.8 3.2 1.7 1.3 .3 2.9 0.5 .8 1.8

—MIDDLE EAST1985 36.0 5.4 19.0 6.4 0.8 0.1 1.3 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.9 0.5 0.41986 15.3 2.2 .5 4.2 .5 .1 1.7 0 0 1.0 3.3 .3 1.41987 21.3 3.1 .1 8.6 2.3 .1 4.1 0 0 .5 1.2 .5 .71988 34.0 7.5 20.2 1.3 .6 .1 1.8 0 0 .6 .6 1.0 .41989 9.7 5.9 .3 .2 .4 — .4 0 .9 .3 .8 .5 .21990 15.5 6.8 .3 2.4 2.3 .2 1.0 0 0 .5 .5 .9 .51991 20.7 15.2 .3 1.9 .2 1.5 .2 0 0 .6 .6 .2 .11992 5.9 3.6 .8 .4 .1 — .1 0 0 .4 .2 .1 .11993 22.5 16.3 1.4 .6 3.6 .1 .2 0 0 .1 .1 .3 01994 12.7 4.3 .3 .8 6.6 0 .1 0 0 .3 .2 — —1995 5.6 3.0 — .2 1.9 — — 0 0 .2 .1 .1 .1

Total 199.2 73.4 43.0 27.0 19.3 2.3 11.1 0 0.9 5.6 8.4 4.5 3.9

—SOUTH ASIA1985 3.7 0.3 — 2.8 0.1 0.0 0.1 — — 0.1 0.3 — —1986 5.4 .2 0.1 3.2 .4 — .1 — — 1.3 — — —1987 2.8 .2 .4 1.7 — 0 .2 0 0 .1 .1 .1 —1988 4.7 .4 .1 3.7 — 0 .3 0 0 — .1 0 —1989 7.9 1.9 0 5.4 0 0 .6 0 0 0 — — —1990 5.6 .2 0 4.6 .1 .2 .5 0 0 — — — .11991 2.4 .1 0 1.9 .3 0 — 0 0 — .1 0 01992 .7 — — .3 .1 0 .3 0 0 — 0 0 .11993 .4 — .1 .1 .1 — .1 0 0 — .1 0 01994 1.8 .1 — — 1.1 0 .4 0 — .1 — 0 —1995 1.8 — — .9 .3 0 .1 .1 0 — .2 — .2

Total 37.2 3.5 .8 24.6 2.4 .2 2.4 .1 0 1.7 1.0 .2 .4

166




RECIPIENT


UNITEDKINGDOM

RUSSIA

SOVIET UNIONb



OTHEREAST ASIA

OTHERS

OCEANIA1985 0.9 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.01986 .8 .5 — 0 0 0 0 0 0 .2 0 — —1987 4.1 .5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.5 0 0 —1988 .6 .5 — 0 0 — 0 — 0 0 0 0 —1989 5.5 .5 .1 0 — 4.0 0 0 — .2 0 — .61990 .6 .4 0 0 0 0 0 .1 0 .2 0 0 .11991 .4 .3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 — 0 0 01992 .3 .2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 — 0 0 .11993 .5 .4 0 0 0 0 0 0 .1 0 0 0 01994 .3 .3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01995 .3 .2 — 0 0 0 0 — 0 — 0 — —

Total 14.2 4.6 .3 0 0 4.0 0 .1 .1 4.3 0 0 .9

167


— $3 to 50 million. 0 Nil or negligible (less than $3 million).

a Comparable totals in Tables III and IV differ slightly due to the fact that rounding was done at different stages of aggregation. The entry in the World column in Table IV exceeds the sum of the components in some rows due to certain imports by Saudi Arabia that cannot be attributed to specific suppliers. See Table II, footnote g.

b The estimated dollar value of the Soviet Union’s arms exports in this and the previous six editions are revised and are substantially larger than those in earlier editions. For further discussion, see Statistical Notes, Arms Transfers.

c US arms transfers to the World, Developed, and Developing groups include those to NATO agencies as such and to other international agencies and classified transfers, which are not attributed to individual recipient countries or regions.

TABLE V. Number of Major Weapons Delivered to Regions and Groups, By Supplierand Weapon Type, Cumulative by Period

WEAPONTYPE PERIOD

SUPPLIER a SOVIETUNION

RUSSIA b

OTHERWARSAW

PACT

UNITEDKINGDOM

UNITEDSTATES

GERMANYFRANCE OTHERNATO

CHINA OTHERDEVELOPING

TOTAL OTHERDEVELOPED

6589 2620 1090 939 100 60 410 40 1100 0 2305398 3200 750 758 40 40 130 30 120 40 2903960 1580 230 670 70 70 420 100 380 10 4302513 290 280 653 10 280 470 70 250 0 210

14422 3420 540 1122 20 5180 300 990 1010 830 101025133 3250 200 533 20 17670 10 280 1570 860 74013956 1190 500 266 10 8870 450 210 1970 220 2702425 440 100 525 150 10 350 430 250 120 50

15529 5010 5420 1009 60 870 60 1000 1050 60 9909325 5050 2560 445 40 340 0 70 480 30 3104900 2350 160 810 80 100 350 520 40 20 4707282 1630 410 1562 210 120 1740 1360 40 160 50

58 18 10 1 8 3 10 2 2 4 041 8 12 0 4 2 5 5 1 4 019 4 0 0 2 2 4 1 4 2 054 2 0 2 16 0 28 3 3 0 0

328 91 0 13 31 16 12 30 9 72 54271 46 2 2 11 13 11 29 13 46 98175 28 0 14 5 36 40 5 24 10 13149 11 10 13 10 16 15 21 12 28 13

22 4 0 0 0 1 7 0 10 0 08 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 4 2 04 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0

17 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 12 2 0

20 9 0 0 0 0 6 3 2 0 024 11 0 0 0 0 6 6 0 0 113 4 0 0 1 0 7 1 0 0 010 3 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0

1602 950 0 202 20 110 130 80 80 30 01441 520 0 531 30 80 50 10 70 60 901163 270 0 363 40 50 10 60 120 50 200692 100 10 282 10 10 70 30 100 10 70

288 110 0 108 30 20 0 0 10 0 10260 130 0 50 80 0 0 0 0 0 0168 0 0 88 40 0 0 20 0 10 10227 0 0 87 70 0 50 10 0 0 10

2412 310 1330 72 30 60 100 170 30 150 1601936 200 940 146 40 30 20 130 20 130 2801818 80 210 58 10 20 10 170 60 1090 110600 30 110 60 30 30 30 90 50 80 90

1657 620 410 167 10 300 30 40 0 10 701240 550 190 120 20 210 60 60 0 10 20645 160 40 155 20 150 30 50 0 10 30714 220 20 214 10 80 40 70 0 0 60

29206 14240 5000 1256 2140 4320 0 100 350 1800 022067 10720 610 1477 1060 4660 150 320 450 1120 15007953 1970 340 1713 0 2240 390 40 240 720 3008030 1570 590 610 300 4450 0 20 260 110 120

950 880 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 602190 1870 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 220680 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 0 16030 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30

1724 460 0 124 0 820 0 0 260 60 01592 450 0 532 180 110 0 0 160 150 10713 130 0 173 0 90 0 0 100 200 20572 20 0 342 0 120 0 20 60 0 10

168

WORLDLAND ARMAMENTSTanks 1984-86

1987-891990-921993-95

Artillery, Field 1984-86and Anti-Air c 1987-89

1990-921993-95

Armored Personnel 1984-86Carriers and 1987-89Armored Cars 1990-92

1993-95

NAVAL CRAFTMajor Surface 1984-86

Combatants d 1987-891990-921993-95

Other Surface 1984-86Combatants e 1987-89

1990-921993-95

Submarines 1984-861987-891990-921993-95

Missile Attack 1984-86Boats 1987-89

1990-921993-95

AIRCRAFTCombat Aircraft, 1984-86

Supersonic 1987-891990-921993-95

Combat Aircraft, 1984-86Subsonic 1987-89

1990-921993-95

Other Aircraft f 1984-861987-891990-921993-95

Helicopters 1984-861987-891990-921993-95

MISSILESSurface-to-Air 1984-86

1987-891990-921993-95

Surface-to-Surface 1984-861987-891990-921993-95

Anti-Ship 1984-861987-891990-921993-95

TABLE V. Number of Major Weapons Delivered to Regions and Groups, By Supplierand Weapon Type, Cumulative by Period — continued

WEAPONTYPE PERIOD


RUSSIA b

OTHERWARSAW

PACT

UNITEDKINGDOM

UNITEDSTATES




1263 200 330 323 0 0 410 0 0 0 0743 50 90 473 0 0 130 0 0 0 0613 0 0 233 0 0 270 100 0 10 0494 0 0 44 0 0 380 70 0 0 0

5763 270 270 43 0 5080 50 0 0 40 1015318 30 110 118 0 15000 0 10 0 50 0

894 0 0 184 0 30 450 180 0 50 0426 0 0 76 120 10 220 0 0 0 0

5542 530 4590 392 20 0 0 0 0 10 01456 110 1320 6 0 20 0 0 0 0 0498 80 0 38 0 0 10 210 0 0 160

2044 100 0 14 0 40 1550 340 0 0 0

8 1 6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 013 1 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 04 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0

15 6 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 2 08 3 0 0 2 0 3 0 0 0 0

18 0 0 0 1 0 17 0 0 0 03 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 07 2 0 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 07 0 0 0 1 0 5 1 0 0 05 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0

345 180 0 115 0 0 10 10 0 30 0642 150 0 382 0 30 30 0 0 20 30201 20 0 161 0 20 0 0 0 0 0255 40 10 135 10 10 30 0 0 0 20

54 20 0 34 0 0 0 0 0 0 055 20 0 15 20 0 0 0 0 0 020 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 086 0 0 26 10 0 50 0 0 0 0

1339 10 1220 19 0 0 20 20 0 40 101000 30 830 30 0 10 0 30 0 40 301307 0 150 37 10 10 0 80 0 1020 0192 0 10 22 20 20 20 30 0 40 30

546 90 370 26 0 50 0 0 0 0 10226 10 160 6 0 30 20 0 0 0 0181 0 0 71 20 80 0 10 0 0 0136 0 0 36 10 20 30 40 0 0 0

8965 3060 0 895 960 2980 0 20 0 1050 09030 1900 500 720 390 4300 0 180 0 1040 03414 160 40 1184 0 950 390 0 0 690 03968 0 0 348 0 3600 0 0 0 20 0

310 310 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0100 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

242 30 0 112 0 40 0 0 0 60 0703 0 0 463 140 0 0 0 0 100 0392 0 0 172 0 0 0 0 0 200 20364 0 0 294 0 40 0 20 0 0 10

169

DEVELOPED

LAND ARMAMENTSTanks 1984-86

1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


1993-95


Combatants d 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Submarines 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


Supersonic 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Other Aircraft f 1984-861987-891990-921993-95

Helicopters 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1987-891990-921993-95


Anti-Ship 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


WEAPONTYPE PERIOD


RUSSIA b

OTHERWARSAW

PACT

UNITEDKINGDOM

UNITEDSTATES




5326 2420 760 616 100 60 0 40 1100 0 2304655 3150 660 285 40 40 0 30 120 40 2903347 1580 230 437 70 70 150 0 380 0 4302019 290 280 609 10 280 90 0 250 0 210

8669 3150 270 1079 20 100 250 990 1010 790 10109825 3220 90 415 20 2670 10 270 1570 820 740

13072 1190 500 82 10 8840 0 40 1970 170 2701999 440 100 449 30 0 130 430 250 120 50

10007 4490 830 617 50 870 60 1000 1050 50 9907869 4940 1240 439 40 320 0 70 480 30 3104382 2260 160 772 80 100 340 310 40 10 3105228 1530 410 1548 210 70 190 1020 40 160 50

50 17 4 1 7 3 10 2 2 4 028 7 0 0 4 2 5 5 1 4 015 4 0 0 1 2 1 1 4 2 050 2 0 2 16 0 27 0 3 0 0

313 85 0 13 31 16 12 23 9 70 54263 43 2 2 9 13 8 29 13 46 98157 28 0 14 4 36 23 5 24 10 13146 11 10 13 10 16 15 19 12 27 13

22 4 0 0 0 1 7 0 10 0 08 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 4 2 04 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0

17 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 12 2 0

18 8 0 0 0 0 6 2 2 0 017 9 0 0 0 0 5 2 0 0 16 4 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 05 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0

1257 770 0 87 20 110 120 70 80 0 0799 370 0 149 30 50 20 10 70 40 60972 250 0 202 40 40 10 60 120 50 200427 60 0 147 0 0 30 30 100 10 50

234 90 0 74 30 20 0 0 10 0 10215 120 0 35 60 0 0 0 0 0 0148 0 0 88 20 0 0 20 0 10 10141 0 0 61 60 0 0 10 0 0 10

1073 300 110 53 30 50 90 150 30 110 150956 180 120 116 40 20 20 100 20 90 250511 80 60 21 10 0 10 90 60 70 110388 30 100 38 10 0 10 60 40 40 60

1101 530 40 141 10 250 20 40 0 10 601014 540 30 114 20 180 40 60 0 10 20464 160 40 84 0 70 30 40 0 10 30588 220 20 178 10 50 10 40 0 0 60

20241 11190 5000 361 1180 1340 0 70 350 750 013037 8820 110 757 670 360 150 140 450 80 15004539 1810 300 529 0 1290 0 40 240 30 3004072 1570 590 262 300 850 0 20 260 100 120

630 560 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 602100 1780 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 220680 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 0 16030 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30

1482 430 0 12 0 780 0 0 260 0 0889 450 0 69 40 110 0 0 160 50 10321 130 0 1 0 90 0 0 100 0 0208 20 0 48 0 80 0 0 60 0 0

170

DEVELOPING


1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


1993-95


Combatants d 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Submarines 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


Supersonic 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Other Aircraft f 1984-861987-891990-921993-95

Helicopters 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1987-891990-921993-95


Anti-Ship 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


WEAPONTYPE PERIOD


RUSSIA b

OTHERWARSAW

PACT

UNITEDKINGDOM

UNITEDSTATES




0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0270 0 0 0 0 270 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 083 0 0 23 0 20 0 30 0 10 016 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 10 020 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

60 0 0 0 0 60 0 0 0 0 020 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

270 0 0 0 0 0 0 260 0 10 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

30 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 20 069 0 0 49 0 0 0 10 0 10 020 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 020 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 10 0

10 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 020 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 031 0 0 21 0 0 0 10 0 0 010 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 041 0 0 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 038 0 0 38 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

171

NORTH AMERICA


1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


1993-95


Combatants d 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Submarines 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


Supersonic 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Other Aircraft f 1984-861987-891990-921993-95

Helicopters 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1987-891990-921993-95


Anti-Ship 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


WEAPONTYPE PERIOD


RUSSIA b

OTHERWARSAW

PACT

UNITEDKINGDOM

UNITEDSTATES




0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 040 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 40 040 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

135 0 0 15 0 0 0 40 0 80 080 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 60 086 0 0 6 0 20 0 0 0 0 60

133 0 0 53 30 0 0 0 50 0 0

170 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 0 15020 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 091 0 0 1 80 0 0 0 0 0 10

197 0 100 57 20 0 0 0 0 20 0

14 0 0 0 2 0 8 0 0 4 03 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 04 0 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 05 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2

18 0 0 8 0 0 4 0 0 6 024 0 0 8 0 0 2 10 0 4 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0

5 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 02 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

18 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 056 0 0 26 0 10 0 10 0 10 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

30 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0

12 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 026 0 0 16 10 0 0 0 0 0 091 0 0 61 0 0 0 20 0 10 065 0 0 55 0 0 0 10 0 0 0

111 0 0 21 0 20 0 30 0 0 40163 20 0 33 0 10 10 20 0 0 7086 0 0 6 0 0 0 20 10 20 3019 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

140 10 0 0 0 90 10 20 0 0 10137 10 0 17 0 90 10 10 0 0 0139 0 0 19 0 50 30 20 0 0 20116 20 10 36 0 30 0 10 0 0 10

120 0 0 0 120 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

240 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 2101580 750 590 0 0 0 0 0 70 60 110

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

90 0 0 0 0 90 0 0 0 0 060 0 0 0 0 60 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0

172

SOUTH AMERICA


1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


1993-95


Combatants d 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Submarines 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


Supersonic 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Other Aircraft f 1984-861987-891990-921993-95

Helicopters 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1987-891990-921993-95


Anti-Ship 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


WEAPONTYPE PERIOD


RUSSIA b

OTHERWARSAW

PACT

UNITEDKINGDOM

UNITEDSTATES




320 320 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0210 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0160 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 040 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

359 190 0 99 0 0 0 0 0 10 60345 300 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 10112 100 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 060 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

340 270 0 0 0 0 0 70 0 0 0254 250 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 070 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

120 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

39 29 0 5 2 0 0 0 0 0 324 14 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 81 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 011 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 010 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

18 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

69 20 10 9 10 0 0 10 0 0 1045 20 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 1011 10 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

111 50 0 61 0 0 0 0 0 0 082 50 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 10 016 10 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 06 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

470 470 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01250 1250 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 060 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 040 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 020 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

173

CENTRAL AMERICA and CARIBBEAN


1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


1993-95


Combatants d 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Submarines 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


Supersonic 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Other Aircraft f 1984-861987-891990-921993-95

Helicopters 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1987-891990-921993-95


Anti-Ship 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


WEAPONTYPE PERIOD


RUSSIA b

OTHERWARSAW

PACT

UNITEDKINGDOM

UNITEDSTATES




675 50 0 215 0 0 410 0 0 0 0653 50 0 473 0 0 130 0 0 0 0722 0 0 232 0 0 390 100 0 0 0562 0 0 22 0 0 470 70 0 0 0

5586 0 0 426 0 5080 50 20 0 0 1015114 0 0 54 0 15000 0 10 0 50 0

787 0 0 87 0 0 450 180 0 70 0668 0 0 198 120 0 350 0 0 0 0

89 10 0 29 20 0 30 0 0 0 036 10 0 6 0 20 0 0 0 0 0

823 80 0 23 0 0 350 210 0 0 1602701 170 0 11 0 0 1740 780 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 03 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 05 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 0

13 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 0 0 04 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0

18 0 0 0 1 0 17 0 0 0 02 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 04 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 06 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 0 0 01 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

284 10 0 44 0 0 130 80 0 20 0310 0 0 160 0 30 50 10 0 40 20236 0 0 146 0 20 10 60 0 0 0228 0 0 128 10 10 70 0 0 0 10

24 0 0 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 053 0 0 33 20 0 0 0 0 0 020 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 062 0 0 2 10 0 50 0 0 0 0

103 10 0 13 10 0 20 10 0 30 1088 0 0 8 0 10 10 10 0 10 40

1125 0 0 15 10 10 0 80 0 1010 087 0 0 17 0 10 0 30 0 0 30

45 0 0 25 0 10 0 10 0 0 071 0 0 21 0 20 20 10 0 0 082 0 0 42 0 30 0 10 0 0 0

139 20 0 39 10 0 10 60 0 0 0

5255 0 0 135 1270 2980 0 20 0 850 07647 1100 0 387 490 4300 150 180 0 1040 01954 0 0 374 0 460 390 40 0 690 02946 0 0 136 0 2810 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

137 0 0 77 0 0 0 0 0 60 0475 0 0 235 140 0 0 0 0 100 0265 0 0 45 0 0 0 0 0 200 20132 0 0 62 0 40 0 20 0 0 10

174

WESTERN EUROPE


1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


1993-95


Combatants d 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Submarines 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


Supersonic 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Other Aircraft f 1984-861987-891990-921993-95

Helicopters 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1987-891990-921993-95


Anti-Ship 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


WEAPONTYPE PERIOD


RUSSIA b

OTHERWARSAW

PACT

UNITEDKINGDOM

UNITEDSTATES




900 440 460 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0130 0 130 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

880 600 280 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0150 30 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 050 0 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

5150 560 4590 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01440 120 1320 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

50 0 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0120 100 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 2 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 013 1 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 06 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 08 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0

4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

210 210 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0190 170 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2070 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 050 40 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

50 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 030 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1280 10 1270 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0870 30 840 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0180 0 180 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 050 0 20 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0

470 90 370 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10190 30 160 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 050 0 0 0 0 0 30 10 0 0 10

3810 3810 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01430 930 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0200 160 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

410 410 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0240 240 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

90 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 050 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

175

EASTERN EUROPE


1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


1993-95


Combatants d 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Submarines 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


Supersonic 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Other Aircraft f 1984-861987-891990-921993-95

Helicopters 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1987-891990-921993-95


Anti-Ship 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


WEAPONTYPE PERIOD


RUSSIA b

OTHERWARSAW

PACT

UNITEDKINGDOM

UNITEDSTATES




273 110 110 53 0 0 0 0 0 0 0101 10 0 61 0 0 0 0 30 0 0183 20 0 73 0 0 0 0 80 10 062 0 40 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

883 290 0 153 0 0 250 50 30 110 0474 120 0 224 0 0 0 0 100 10 20316 30 0 56 10 30 0 0 110 80 0196 0 0 86 0 10 0 0 70 10 20

1292 620 0 402 10 0 0 260 0 0 0515 70 0 35 0 0 0 0 410 0 0100 50 0 0 0 30 0 0 20 0 0333 0 30 43 110 40 0 0 0 110 0

8 3 0 0 3 0 2 0 0 0 05 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 06 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 4 0 0

28 0 0 0 0 0 26 0 2 0 0

34 24 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 041 8 0 0 2 0 3 2 0 26 014 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 335 9 0 0 0 0 9 0 4 13 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 07 2 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0

212 160 0 52 0 0 0 0 0 0 0227 40 0 157 0 0 0 0 0 10 2098 40 0 48 0 0 0 0 10 0 0

122 30 0 32 0 0 0 0 50 0 10

54 0 0 54 0 0 0 0 0 0 040 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 024 0 0 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 060 0 0 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0

146 30 0 6 0 20 10 20 0 60 052 10 0 22 0 0 0 20 0 0 0

126 10 10 36 0 0 0 20 10 30 10131 10 40 11 20 0 0 30 10 0 10

168 30 20 48 0 70 0 0 0 0 0118 20 0 58 10 30 0 0 0 0 0163 30 40 43 10 30 0 0 0 10 088 50 0 28 10 0 0 0 0 0 0

1578 480 0 558 490 0 0 50 0 0 01783 670 0 333 570 0 0 140 70 0 01526 0 0 736 0 600 0 0 170 0 201528 320 0 178 0 840 0 20 150 20 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

133 0 0 43 0 70 0 0 20 0 0176 0 0 176 0 0 0 0 0 0 0129 0 0 89 0 0 0 0 40 0 0253 0 0 233 0 0 0 0 20 0 0

176

EAST ASIA


1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


1993-95


Combatants d 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Submarines 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


Supersonic 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Other Aircraft f 1984-861987-891990-921993-95

Helicopters 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1987-891990-921993-95


Anti-Ship 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


WEAPONTYPE PERIOD


RUSSIA b

OTHERWARSAW

PACT

UNITEDKINGDOM

UNITEDSTATES




0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

210 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

30 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

20 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

350 350 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

177

CENTRAL ASIA and CAUCASUS


1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


1993-95


Combatants d 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Submarines 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


Supersonic 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Other Aircraft f 1984-861987-891990-921993-95

Helicopters 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1987-891990-921993-95


Anti-Ship 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


WEAPONTYPE PERIOD


RUSSIA b

OTHERWARSAW

PACT

UNITEDKINGDOM

UNITEDSTATES




950 740 0 100 0 0 0 0 110 0 01710 1660 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 01370 900 40 0 0 0 0 0 300 0 130300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 250 0 50

505 410 0 45 0 0 0 20 0 20 102408 1680 0 88 0 0 0 20 80 540 01107 720 100 17 0 0 0 0 230 0 40440 320 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 20

1579 1480 0 39 20 0 0 0 0 40 03530 3420 0 110 0 0 0 0 0 0 02020 1930 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 70160 30 0 0 20 0 0 20 40 0 50

7 2 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 013 5 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 4 03 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0

12 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 1 0 0

28 3 0 0 10 0 0 0 3 12 031 5 0 0 0 0 0 6 7 13 015 4 0 3 0 1 0 0 7 0 010 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 5 0 3

4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 02 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 010 6 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 04 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

234 130 0 34 0 40 0 0 30 0 0210 120 0 0 0 10 0 0 60 0 20240 70 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 50 6060 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 20

10 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 030 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 020 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

191 130 10 1 0 10 10 10 20 0 0130 110 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 090 50 0 0 0 0 0 10 30 0 072 0 10 12 0 0 0 0 30 20 0

160 150 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0180 160 0 0 10 10 0 0 0 0 090 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 050 30 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 10

1790 660 0 0 0 150 0 0 230 750 03180 3100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 02001 1590 300 101 0 0 0 0 10 0 0900 80 0 0 0 780 0 0 0 40 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01280 1280 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0380 380 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

92 60 0 2 0 0 0 0 30 0 0340 270 0 30 20 20 0 0 0 0 050 50 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

178

SOUTH ASIA


1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


1993-95


Combatants d 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Submarines 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


Supersonic 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Other Aircraft f 1984-861987-891990-921993-95

Helicopters 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1987-891990-921993-95


Anti-Ship 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


WEAPONTYPE PERIOD


RUSSIA b

OTHERWARSAW

PACT

UNITEDKINGDOM

UNITEDSTATES




2727 590 460 497 60 0 0 20 960 0 1401344 580 410 124 0 30 0 0 30 0 1701195 480 200 275 0 30 20 0 0 0 190979 120 230 609 10 10 0 0 0 0 0

3471 360 170 261 20 20 0 530 930 500 6804965 540 50 25 20 2500 0 100 1320 170 240

10062 290 320 82 0 8830 0 0 360 70 110737 10 20 167 0 0 0 430 0 110 0

4712 1050 720 472 0 450 0 380 1050 0 5902407 710 1100 237 0 90 0 70 30 0 1701392 200 0 762 0 20 0 310 0 0 1002236 550 0 1386 60 0 0 240 0 0 0

11 4 0 0 0 3 0 2 2 0 01 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 01 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

133 12 0 2 11 1 5 2 6 55 3986 6 2 0 5 5 6 5 0 2 5566 4 0 3 4 35 9 2 0 0 941 0 10 4 9 14 0 0 0 4 0

17 4 0 0 0 0 7 0 6 0 02 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 02 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0

10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0

5 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

320 190 0 20 10 60 0 0 40 0 0300 100 0 120 30 40 0 0 10 0 0456 60 0 156 40 40 0 0 30 0 130140 0 0 100 0 0 0 0 20 0 20

80 60 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 060 20 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1040 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 0

250 60 20 20 0 0 10 30 0 40 70327 10 20 17 40 0 0 30 10 60 140100 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 10 7080 0 50 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 20

313 140 0 23 10 70 10 10 0 10 40202 140 0 2 0 20 20 20 0 0 084 20 0 24 0 20 0 10 0 0 10

127 30 10 87 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

10823 4560 5000 103 0 1040 0 0 120 0 05477 2870 110 557 0 360 0 0 380 0 12001842 70 0 502 0 1180 0 0 20 0 70634 0 0 274 300 0 0 0 50 0 10

520 450 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 60670 350 0 0 0 0 0 0 100 0 220300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 140 0 16030 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30

920 110 0 0 0 600 0 0 210 0 0350 120 0 10 20 30 0 0 160 0 10210 60 0 0 0 90 0 0 60 0 0159 20 0 29 0 60 0 0 50 0 0

179

MIDDLE EAST


1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


1993-95


Combatants d 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Submarines 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


Supersonic 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Other Aircraft f 1984-861987-891990-921993-95

Helicopters 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1987-891990-921993-95


Anti-Ship 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


WEAPONTYPE PERIOD


RUSSIA b

OTHERWARSAW

PACT

UNITEDKINGDOM

UNITEDSTATES




274 90 50 74 0 60 0 0 0 0 0370 150 120 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 090 0 0 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

892 540 70 12 0 20 0 250 0 0 0397 60 30 57 0 140 0 110 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

822 470 70 12 0 160 0 100 0 10 0280 160 110 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 020 10 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0

420 160 200 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

13 2 0 0 8 3 0 0 0 0 013 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 019 0 0 0 0 0 9 3 7 0 04 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0

1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

72 60 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 031 20 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 019 10 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

80 10 10 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 1060 0 50 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 020 0 10 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 010 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0

40 20 10 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 080 50 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

48 20 0 18 0 10 0 0 0 0 0

1901 1540 0 311 0 30 0 20 0 0 0120 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0150 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

20 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

170 120 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

180

NORTH AFRICA


1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


1993-95


Combatants d 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Submarines 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


Supersonic 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Other Aircraft f 1984-861987-891990-921993-95

Helicopters 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1987-891990-921993-95


Anti-Ship 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


WEAPONTYPE PERIOD


RUSSIA b

OTHERWARSAW

PACT

UNITEDKINGDOM

UNITEDSTATES




460 270 0 0 40 0 0 30 40 0 80850 550 90 0 40 10 0 30 0 0 130200 20 0 0 70 0 0 0 0 0 11090 70 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10

1732 1040 20 102 10 60 0 90 50 110 2501097 530 0 27 0 0 0 0 70 0 4701500 60 80 0 0 0 0 40 1260 0 60121 60 40 1 0 0 0 0 20 0 0

1325 560 40 55 10 190 20 190 0 0 260823 310 30 53 40 200 0 0 40 10 140279 0 100 9 0 40 0 0 0 10 120655 500 60 5 0 70 0 0 0 20 0

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

52 11 0 5 0 12 1 12 0 0 1166 9 0 0 2 8 0 3 6 5 3314 8 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 0 119 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 4 10

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

202 180 0 2 20 0 0 0 0 0 090 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 2040 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 1010 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0

50 10 0 0 10 20 0 0 10 0 020 10 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 010 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

202 40 20 2 10 10 20 60 10 10 20102 10 30 2 0 0 0 20 0 20 2040 10 10 0 0 0 0 10 10 0 071 0 0 1 0 0 0 10 10 40 10

190 130 10 0 0 30 0 10 0 0 10160 100 0 0 0 40 0 10 0 0 1050 10 0 0 0 30 0 10 0 0 070 30 0 0 0 20 0 10 0 0 10

3100 2720 0 50 210 120 0 0 0 0 01190 690 0 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 300

30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 020 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

100 80 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 020 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

181

SUBSAHARAN AFRICA (including South Africa)


1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


1993-95


Combatants d 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Submarines 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


Supersonic 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Other Aircraft f 1984-861987-891990-921993-95

Helicopters 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1987-891990-921993-95


Anti-Ship 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


WEAPONTYPE PERIOD


RUSSIA b

OTHERWARSAW

PACT

UNITEDKINGDOM

UNITEDSTATES




0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 020 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

15 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 060 0 0 0 0 0 0 60 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 04 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 03 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 046 0 0 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

18 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 030 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 030 0 0 0 0 10 0 10 0 10 010 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

22 0 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 040 0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

15 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

182

OCEANIA


1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


1993-95


Combatants d 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Submarines 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95


Supersonic 1987-891990-921993-95


1990-921993-95

Other Aircraft f 1984-861987-891990-921993-95

Helicopters 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


1987-891990-921993-95


Anti-Ship 1984-861987-891990-921993-95


183

0 Nil or Negligible

a Suppliers include the six largest exporters of major weapons, as well as other major groups.

b Soviet weapon deliveries ended in 1991 in the main, although a small number were delivered in 1992 under prior-year agreement and are attributed here to Russia.

c Air defense artillery includes weapons over 23mm. Field artillery includes mobile rocket launchers, mortars, and recoilless rifles over 100mm.

d Major surface combatants include aircraft carriers, cruisers, destroyers, destroyer escorts, and frigates.

e Other surface combatants include motor torpedo boats, subchasers, and minesweepers.

f Other aircraft include reconnaissance aircraft, trainers, transports, and utility aircraft.

Coverage and Groups of Countries

The statistical tables report data for 172 countries(167 in 1995), including most members of the UnitedNations as well as nonmembers Switzerland and Taiwan.UN members not covered are generally small and not con-sidered militarily significant; relevant data for them are fre-quently unavailable.1

Countries are grouped into normally defined geo-graphical regions with the following exceptions: Egypt isassigned to the Middle East rather than to Africa; andOceania includes only Australia, New Zealand, Papua NewGuinea, and Fiji. Note the following redefined and newregions beginning with WMEAT 1993-1994: Mexico hasbeen added to Canada and the United States to form NorthAmerica in the “NAFTA” sense; Central America and theCaribbean and South America replace Latin America;Central Asia and the Caucasus contains eight republicsfrom the former Soviet Union (since 1992); WesternEurope consists of NATO Europe plus Austria, Finland,Ireland, Malta, Sweden, and Switzerland; Eastern Europecontains the former Warsaw Pact countries plus Albaniaand the successors to Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union,except those republics from the latter that are detached toCentral Asia and Caucasus. A full listing of specific coun-tries in each region may be found in Main Statistical TableIII (pages 151 - 155).

The following political and economic groups areincluded: NATO, the (former) Warsaw Pact, OPEC, and

OECD. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) con-sists of Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, WestGermany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, theNetherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, the UnitedKingdom, and the United States. Spain joined in 1982, andits membership has since been reaffirmed. Although itsparticipation is limited and still evolving, Spain has beenincluded in the NATO grouping since WMEAT 1991-1992.France also limits its military participation (since 1966), butis traditionally associated with NATO and is thereforeincluded in the group. The Warsaw Pact was formally dis-solved on July 1, 1991. It consisted of Bulgaria,Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania,and the Soviet Union. OPEC (Organization of PetroleumExporting Countries) includes Algeria, Gabon, Indonesia,Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, theUnited Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation andDevelopment) comprises the NATO countries andAustralia, Austria, Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary,Ireland, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Sweden, andSwitzerland.

The 33-country developed group was revised in the1995 edition (primarily on the basis of GNP per capita) byshifting the Czech and Slovak Republics, Greece, Israel,Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan from the developinggroup to the developed, and Romania from developed todeveloping. The developed group in this edition includesthe following countries: all Western Europe except Maltaand Turkey; in Eastern Europe, all former Warsaw Pactmembers (including Czechoslovakia’s successors andRussia) except Bulgaria, Romania, and the successor statesto the Soviet Union other than Russia; in East Asia, Japan,Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan; in Oceania, Australiaand New Zealand; and Israel and South Africa. The specif-ic countries in each region classed as developed are so des-ignated in Main Statistical Table III (pages 151 - 155).

All other countries are classified as developing.Besides the newly independent and transitioning economiesexcept Russia coming out of the Soviet Union andYugoslavia, this developing group includes: the other

185

Statistical Notes

These notes define the country groupings and variables employed in the Statistical Tables, identify the sources ofinformation, and explain the methods of handling data. A primary aim is to inform the reader of the main qualifica-tions to the data, much of which is not as accurate and reliable as uniform presentation in statistical tables mayimply. This is particularly true of the data on military expenditures, armed forces, and arms tranfers, which inmany countries are subject to severe limitations of incompleteness, ambiguity, or total absence due to governmentalsecrecy.

1 The UN member countries as of 1995 not covered are Andorra,Antigua and Barbuda, the Bahamas, Comoros, Dominica,Grenada, Liechtenstein, Maldives, Marshall Islands, Micronesia,Monaco, Montserrat, Palau, Saint Christopher and Nevis, SaintLucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, San Marino,Seychelles, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and Western Samoa.Also excluded are: nonmember countries Kiribati, Nauru,Tonga, and The Holy See; the territory with unresolved sover-eignty of Western Sahara; the dependencies and areas of specialsovereignty of Bermuda, Hong Kong, Macau, Puerto Rico, andnumerous others, many being very small islands in the Atlanticand Pacific Oceans.

recently or presently communist countries of Albania,Bulgaria, Cambodia, Mainland China, Cuba, Laos,Mongolia, North Korea, Romania, and Vietnam; all coun-tries in: Africa except South Africa, Central Asia andCaucasus, Central America and the Caribbean, SouthAmerica, South Asia, and the Middle East except Israel; therest of East Asia other than Japan, Singapore, South Korea,and China Taiwan; Fiji and Papua New Guinea in Oceania;and Malta and Turkey in Western Europe.

Most of the data are for calendar years. For somecountries, however, expenditure data are available only forfiscal years which diverge from calendar years. In suchcases, the fiscal year which contains the most months of agiven calendar year is assigned to that year; e.g., data forthe fiscal year April 1994 through March 1995 would beshown under 1994. Data for fiscal years ending on June 30are normally entered under the calendar year in which theyend.

Sources and Definitions

Military Expenditures

For NATO countries, military expenditures are fromNATO publications and are based on the NATO definition.In this definition, (a) civilian-type expenditures of thedefense ministry are excluded and military-type expendi-tures of other ministries are included; (b) grant militaryassistance is included in the expenditures of the donor coun-try; and (c) purchases of military equipment for credit areincluded at the time the debt is incurred, not at the time ofpayment.

For other non-communist countries, data are general-ly the expenditures of the ministry of defense. When theseare known to include the costs of internal security, anattempt is made to remove these expenditures. A wide vari-ety of data sources is used for these countries, including thepublications and data resources of other US governmentagencies, standardized reporting to the United Nations bycountry, and other international sources.

It should be recognized by users of the statisticaltables that the military expenditure data are of uneven accu-racy and completeness. For example, there are indicationsor reasons to believe that the military expenditures reportedby some countries consist mainly or entirely of recurring oroperating expenditures and omit all or most capital expendi-tures, including arms purchases. In the case of several coun-tries (Algeria, Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Egypt, Iraq, Iran,Libya, Nigeria, and Syria), special note of this possibility ismade in Table I.

In some of these cases (as indicated in the footnotesof Table I), it is believed that a better estimate of total mili-

tary expenditures is obtained by adding to nominal militaryexpenditures the value of arms imports (as shown in TableII and converted to local currency by current exchangerates). It must be cautioned, however, that this method mayover- or underestimate the actual expenditures in a givenyear due to the fact that payment for arms may not coincidein time with deliveries, which the data in Table II reflect.Also, arms acquisitions in some cases may be financed by,or consist of grants from, other countries.

In Statistical Table I, the symbol “E” denotes roughestimates such as those described above and others made onthe basis of partial or uncertain data. In a few cases of par-ticular interest, very rough estimates are also shown,marked with the symbol “R”. It should be understood thatthese estimates are based on scant information and are sub-ject to a wide range of error.

For countries that have major clandestine nuclear orother military weapons development programs, such as Iraq,estimation of military expenditures is extremely difficultand especially subject to errors of underestimation.

Further improvements in the quality of the militaryexpenditure data presented for countries throughout theworld will be difficult to achieve without better reporting bythe countries themselves. As has been noted elsewhere,“There is growing evidence that important amounts of secu-rity expenditures may not enter the accounts or the nationalbudgets of many developing countries.”2 Among the mech-anisms commonly used to obscure such expenditures are:double-bookkeeping, use of extra-budgetary accounts, high-ly aggregated budget categories, military assistance, andmanipulation of foreign exchange.

Particular problems arise in estimating the militaryexpenditures of communist countries due to the exceptionalscarcity and ambiguity of released information. As in pasteditions of this publication, data on the military expendi-tures of the Soviet Union are based on Central IntelligenceAgency (CIA) estimates. For most of the series, these areestimates of what it would cost in the United States in dol-lars to develop, procure, staff, and operate a military forcesimilar to that of the Soviet Union.3 Estimates of thistype—that is, those based entirely on one country’s pricepattern—generally overstate the relative size of the second

186

2 Nicole Ball, “Measuring Third World Security Expenditure: AResearch Note,” World Development, February 1984, pp. 157-164 (Pergamon Press, London).

3 See CIA, Soviet and US Defense Activities, 1971-80: A Dollar Cost Comparison, January 1981. The CIA dollar estimates as shown in this source have been updated and augmented by esti-mated retirement pay at US rates in order to improve compara-bility with expenditures by NATO countries, which include retirement pay.

country’s expenditures in intercountry comparisons.4 Also,such estimates are not consistent with the methods usedhere for converting other countries’ expenditures into dol-lars.5

Nevertheless, the basic CIA estimates are the bestavailable for present purposes; in fact, there are no alterna-tive estimates that can inspire confidence and have the capa-bility to detect relatively small changes over time, such asthe slowdown and decline in Soviet military spending thatthe CIA estimates have indicated. Soviet estimates for themost recent years are based on the change in the index ofCIA-estimated military expenditures in ruble terms, asreported in the Joint Economic Committee of Congressseries, Allocation of Resources in the Soviet Union andChina, op. cit.

For Russia, estimated military spending trends inrubles are used in conjunction with dollar estimates for ear-lier years to make very rough estimates of spending in dol-lars. (See also the section on the ME/GNP ratio, below.)

For former Warsaw Pact countries other than theSoviet Union, the estimates of military expendituresthrough 1989 are from Thad P. Alton et al.6 These esti-mates cover the officially announced state budget expendi-tures on national defense and thus understate total military

expenditures to the extent of possible defense outlays bynon-defense agencies of the central government, local gov-ernments, and economic enterprises. Possible subsidizationof military procurement may also cause understatement.The dollar estimates were derived by calculating pay andallowances at the current full US average rates for officersand for lower ranks. After subtraction of pay andallowances, the remainder of the official defense budgets innational currencies was converted into dollars at overallrates based on comparisons of the various countries’ GNPsexpressed in dollars and in national currencies. The ratesare based in part on the purchasing power parities (PPPs)estimated by the International Comparison Project of theUnited Nations, including their latest (Phase V) versions.

Estimates for these countries in 1990 and 1991 arebased on total military spending in national currency asreported by the respective governments to the UN (in mostcases) or the IMF. These expenditures in toto are convertedto dollars at the Alton GNP conversion rates for 1989 asadjusted to 1991 by the respective US and national GNPdeflators (per the World Bank), without estimating person-nel compensation separately at US dollar rates, as was donefor earlier years. The resulting military conversion rates (innational currency per dollar) are substantially higher thanthe implied rates for previous years, substantially lower thanthe 1991 market rate, and approximately the same as theimplied rate for GNP (see below).

Estimates for the newly independent states of the for-mer Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia andother former Warsaw Pact countries present difficulties dueto scarcity of reliable data in national currencies and toproblems in converting to dollars. The basic methodemployed for most of these countries was to establish theratio of military expenditures to GNP in national currencyand then to multiply this ratio by the World Bank’s estimateof GNP in dollars as converted to international dollars byestimated PPPs and reported in the World Bank Atlas 1997.This method implicitly converts military spending at theGNP-wide PPP, which, as with conversion by exchangerates, preserves the same ME/GNP ratio in dollars asobtains in national currency.

Data for China are based on US Government esti-mates of the yuan costs of Chinese forces, weapons, pro-grams, and activities.7 Costs in yuan are here converted todollars using the same estimated conversion rate as used forGNP (see below). Due to the exceptional difficulties in

4 This tendency is widely recognized in both government and non-government circles. For detailed commentaries by academicand government witnesses on this and other problems in esti-mating and comparing Soviet military expenditures, see theseries of Hearings held before the Subcommittee on NationalSecurity Economics and the Subcommittee on Technology andNational Security, Joint Economic Committee, Congress of theUnited States, Allocation of Resources in the Soviet Union andChina. See also Hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversightof the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, Congress ofthe United States, “CIA Estimates of Soviet Defense Spending,”Ninety-Sixth Congress, Second Session; Donald F. Burton.“Estimating Soviet Defense Spending,” Problems ofCommunism. March-April 1983; and Richard F. Kaufman.“Causes of the Slowdown in Soviet Defense” (with commentsby others), Soviet Economy, January-March 1985.

5 An alternative series employing the same basic data but reflect-ing both the US and Soviet price patterns was provided in previ-ous editions of this publication. See table captioned “AlternativeEstimates of Soviet Military Expenditures,” World MilitaryExpenditures and Arms Tranfers 1969-1978, p.27; and theessay, “Soviet Military Expenditures,” World MilitaryExpenditures and ArmsTransfers 1968-1977, pp. 13-19.

6 The estimates are updates and substantial revisions of those intheir article, “East European Military Expenditures, 1965-1978,” (published in the Joint Economic Committee ofCongress Compendium, East European Economic Assessment,Part 2, July 10, 1981, pp. 409-433) and particularly in their mostrecent Occasional Papers, Nos. 115-119 (published by theResearch Project on National Income in East Central Europe).

7 Edward P. Parris, Chinese Estimated Expenditures, 1967-83. (Defense Intelligence Agency), November 1984. See also theseries of Hearings before the Subcommittee on Priorities andEconomy in Government of the Joint Economic Committee, USCongress, “Allocation of Resources in the Soviet Union andChina,” op. cit.

187

both estimating yuan costs and converting them to dollars,comparisons of Chinese military spending with other datashould be treated as having a wide margin of error.

Other published sources used include theGovernment Finance Statistics Yearbook, issued by theInternational Monetary Fund; The World Factbook, pro-duced annually by the Central Intelligence Agency; TheMilitary Balance, issued by the International Institute forStrategic Studies (London); and the SIPRI Yearbook: WorldArmaments and Disarmament, issued by the StockholmInternational Peace Research Institute.

For the benefit of users concerned with accuracy,table entries based on inadequate data and/or simplisticmethods and yielding approximative estimates that are notfully comparable with those for earlier years are marked“R” for “rough estimate”.

Gross National Product (GNP)

GNP represents the total output of goods and ser-vices produced by residents of a country, valued at marketprices. The source of GNP data for most non-communistcountries is the International Bank for Reconstruction andDevelopment (World Bank).

For a number of countries whose GNP is dominatedby oil exports (Bahrain, Kuwait, Libya, Oman, Qatar, SaudiArabia, and the United Arab Emirates), the World Bank’sestimate of deflated (or constant price) GNP in domesticcurrency tends to understate increases in the monetary valueof oil exports, and thus of GNP, resulting from oil priceincreases. These World Bank estimates are designed tomeasure real (or physical) product. An alternative estimateof constant-price GNP was therefore obtained using theimplicit price deflator8 for US GNP (for lack of a betternational deflator). This is considered appropriate because alarge share of the GNP of these countries is realized in USdollars.

GNP estimates of the Soviet Union are by the CIA,as published in its Handbook of Economic Statistics 1990and updated. GNP estimates for other Warsaw Pact coun-tries through 1989 are from “East European MilitaryExpenditures, 1965-1978” by Thad P. Alton and others, op.cit., as updated and substantially revised by the authors.These estimates through 1989 have been extended to 1990and 1991 on the basis of estimates for those years in theCIA’s Handbook of Economic Statistics, 1992.

Estimates of GNP in 1992-1994 for successor statesto the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia are

based on World Bank estimates of GNP per capita employ-ing PPPs and of population, as published in the World BankAtlas 1997.

GNP data for China are based on World Bank esti-mates in yuan. These are in line with estimates of GDP inWestern accounting terms made by Chinese authorities.Converting estimates in yuan to dollars is highly problemat-ic, however, due to the inappropriateness of the officialexchange rate and lack of sufficient yuan price informationby which to reliably estimate PPPs. (The ratio of the high-est to the lowest estimates by various sources of China’sGNP is on the order of 6 or 7 to 1, which would make theworld rank of China’s GNP vary between about 3rd or 4thand 12th.) The conversion rate used here is based on a PPPestimated for 19819 and moved by respective US and Chinaimplicit GNP deflators to 1994.

GNP estimates for a few non-communist countriesare from the CIA’s Handbook of Economic Statistics citedabove. Estimates for the other communist countries arerough approximations.

Military Expenditures-to-GNP Ratio

It should be noted that the meaning of the ratio ofmilitary expenditures to GNP, shown in Table I, differssomewhat between most communist (or previously commu-nist) and other countries. For non-communist countries,both military expenditures and GNP are converted from thenational currency unit to dollars at the same exchange rate;consequently, the ratio of military expenditures to GNP isthe same in dollars as in the national currency and reflectsnational relative prices. For communist countries, however,military expenditures and GNP are converted differently.Soviet military expenditures, as already noted, are estimatedin a way designed to show the cost of the Soviet armedforces in US prices, as if purchased in this country. On theother hand, the Soviet GNP estimates used here aredesigned to show average relative size when both US andSoviet GNP are valued and compared at both dollar andruble prices. The Soviet ratio of military expenditures toGNP in ruble terms, the preferred method of comparison, isestimated to have been 15-18% in that country's latest years.

The estimated ratio for Russia derived here in dollarsis probably somewhat overstated, since military spending indollars is related to earlier estimates for the Soviet Union,

8 The implicit price deflator is the ratio of GNP in current prices to GNP in constant prices.

9 Jeffrey R. Taylor, Dollar Estimates for China, Center forInternational Research Staff Paper No. 59, US Bureau of theCensus, March 1991. This PPP appears to be carefully con-structed from detailed Chinese data and yields an intermediateresult. When moved to 1993, this parity (1.293 yuan/dollar) isused to produce dollar values in the same manner as the 1993exchange rate for other countries. (See below, Conversion ofNational Currencies to Dollars.)

188

while GNP estimates (at PPPs) are by the World Bank.Russia’s burden ratio in ruble terms is preferably estimatedto be under 10%.

For Eastern European countries before 1992, theratios of military expenditures to GNP in dollars were abouttwice the ratios that would obtain in domestic currencies.(See Alton and others, op. cit.) However, since official mil-itary budgets in these countries probably substantiallyunderstated their actual military expenditures, the largerratios based on dollar estimates are believed to be the betterapproximations of the actual ratios.

Central Government Expenditures (CGE)

These expenditures include current and capital(developmental) expenditures plus net lending to govern-ment enterprises by central (or federal) governments. Amajor source is the International Monetary Fund’sGovernment Finance Statistics Yearbook. The categoryused here is “Total Expenditures and Lending minusRepayment, Consolidated Central Government”.

Other sources for these data are the InternationalMonetary Fund, International Financial Statistics (month-ly); OECD, Economic Surveys; and CIA, The WorldFactbook (annual). Data for Warsaw Pact countries arefrom national publications and are supplied by Thad P.Alton and others. For all Warsaw Pact countries and China,conversion to dollars is at the implicit rates used for calcu-lating dollar estimates of GNP.

For all countries, with the same exceptions as notedabove for the military expenditures-to-GNP ratio, militaryexpenditures and central government expenditures are con-verted to dollars at the same rate; the ratio of the two vari-ables is thus the same in dollars as in national currency.

It should be noted that for the Soviet Union, China,Iran, Jordan, and possibly others, the ratio of militaryexpenditures to central government expenditures may beoverstated, inasmuch as the estimate for military expendi-tures is obtained at least in part independently of nominalbudget or government expenditure data, and it is possiblethat not all estimated military expenditures pass through thenominal central government budget.

Population

Population estimates are for midyear and are madeavailable to ACDA by the US Bureau of the Census.

Armed Forces

Armed forces refer to active-duty military personnel,including paramilitary forces if those forces resemble regu-lar units in their organization, equipment, training, or mis-sion. Reserve forces are not included unless specificallynoted.

Figures for the United States and all other NATOcountries are as reported by NATO. Estimates of the num-ber of personnel under arms for other countries are providedby US Government sources. The armed forces series for theSoviet Union includes all special forces judged to havenational security missions (e.g., KGB border guards) andexcludes uniformed forces primarily performing noncom-batant services (construction, railroad, civil defense, andinternal security troops).

Arms Transfers

Arms transfers (arms imports and exports) representthe international transfer (under terms of grant, credit,barter, or cash) of military equipment, usually referred to as“conventional,” including weapons of war, parts thereof,ammunition, support equipment, and other commoditiesdesigned for military use. Among the items included aretactical guided missiles and rockets, military aircraft, navalvessels, armored and nonarmored military vehicles, com-munications and electronic equipment, artillery, infantryweapons, small arms, ammunition, other ordnance, para-chutes, and uniforms. Dual use equipment, which can haveapplication in both military and civilian sectors, is includedwhen its primary mission is identified as military. Thebuilding of defense production facilities and licensing feespaid as royalties for the production of military equipmentare included when they are contained in military transferagreements. There have been no international transfers ofpurely strategic weaponry. Military services such as train-ing, supply operations, equipment repair, technical assis-tance, and construction are included where data are avail-able. Excluded are foodstuffs, medical equipment, petrole-um products and other supplies.

Redefinition of US Arms Exports. The scope of USarms exports data was modified in the WMEAT 1995 edi-tion. These exports include both government-to-governmenttransfers under the Foreign Military Sales (FMS), MilitaryAssistance Program (MAP), and other programs adminis-tered by the Department of Defense, and commercial (enter-prise-to-government) transfers licensed by the Departmentof State under International Traffic in Arms Regulations.Under the previous practice, the materiel component (arms,

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equipment, and “hardware” items) of FMS and MAP saleswas included, while the military services component wasexcluded (although the magnitude and general destinationof the omitted services was reported in these StatisticalNotes).

Beginning with the previous edition, both themateriel and the military services components of FMS andother government-to-government sales (such as theInternational Military Education and Training Program—IMET) are included in total US arms exports as reportedhere. The commercial sales category, covering both materieland military services, was included in its entirety.

The omission of FMS and other military servicesprior to the previous edition had been intended to improvecomparability with available estimates of the arms exportsof other countries, which tended to contain a much smallerservices component and/or were subject to significantunderestimation (services being less easily observed). Theincreasing importance of these services and the desire topresent a full picture of US arms exports consistent withother sources prompted the change to inclusion. Usersshould be aware, however, of both the lower true share ofservices in other countries’ arms exports and the tendencyto underestimate them. It should also be noted that a portionof the IMET program is devoted to programs that promoteimproved civil-military relations.

The change in scope of US arms exports increasedtheir overall volume by amounts ranging over the lastdecade from $2.3 billion (current dollars) to $3.7 billion fordeliveries and $2.3 billion to $7.3 billion for agreements.

The statistics contained in Tables II, III and part ofIV are estimates of the value of goods actually deliveredduring the reference year, in contrast both to payments andthe value of programs, agreements, contracts, or orders con-cluded during the period, which are expected to result infuture deliveries. However, summary data on arms transferagreements are presented in part of Table IV. Both deliver-ies and agreements data represent arms transfers to govern-ments and do not include the value of arms obtained by sub-national groups.

Figures for US arms exports are for fiscal years asreported by the US Departments of Defense and State. Dataon US arms export agreements shown in Table IV have thesame coverage as deliveries data. Commercial agreementsare here taken to equal deliveries, since agreements data assuch are not available and data on commercial licensesissued are not considered sufficiently indicative.

US Arms Imports. US arms import data in this andthe previous four editions are revised upward substantiallyfrom earlier editions. The present series consists of dataobtained from the Department of Commerce, Bureau of

Economic Analysis (BEA), including (a) imports of mili-tary-type (formerly “special category”) goods, as compiledby the Bureau of the Census, and (b) Department ofDefense direct expenditures abroad for major equipment, ascompiled from DOD data by BEA. The goods in (a)include: complete military aircraft, all types; engines andturbines for military aircraft; military trucks, armored vehi-cles, etc.; military (naval) ships and boats; tanks, artillery,missiles, guns, and ammunition; military apparel andfootwear; and other military goods, equipment, and parts.

Data on countries other than the United States areestimates by US Government sources. Arms transfer datafor the Soviet Union and other former communist countriesare approximations based on limited information.10

It should be noted that the arms transfer estimates forthe most recent year, and to a lesser extent for several pre-ceding years, tend to be understated. This applies to bothforeign and US arms exports. In the former case, informa-tion on transfers comes from a variety of sources and issometimes acquired and processed with a considerable timelag. In the US case, commercial arms transfer licenses arenow valid for three years, causing a delay in the reporting ofdeliveries made on them to statistical agencies. Data for themost recent two years in Main Statistical Tables II, III, andIV therefore can be expected to undergo some upward revi-sion in succeeding editions.

Close comparisons between the estimated valuesshown for arms transfers and for GNP and military expendi-tures are not warranted. Frequently, weapons prices do notreflect true production costs. Furthermore, much of theinternational arms trade involves offset or barter arrange-ments, multiyear loans, discounted prices, third party pay-ments, and partial debt forgiveness. Acquisition of arma-ments thus may not [necessarily] impose the burden on aneconomy, whether in the same or in other years, that isimplied by the estimated equivalent US dollar value of theshipment. Therefore, the value of arms imports should becompared to other categories of data with care.

Total Imports and Exports

The values for imports and exports cover merchan-dise transactions and come mainly from InternationalFinancial Statistics published by the IMF. The trade figuresfor presently and formerly communist countries are fromthe CIA's Handbook of Economic Statistics, 1996 edition.

10 Soviet arms transfers and foreign trade data are taken fromsources that present them directly in dollars; hence, particularcaution should be used in comparing these statistics for armstransfers and foreign trade with other Soviet data.

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Estimates for “NAs”

The "NA" entries in the Main Statistical Tables for agiven country/variable/year signify that data considered suf-ficiently valid and reliable for presentation as such is notavailable. However, in all such cases, a rough or approxi-mative estimate has been made and is used in aggregativeestimates for the world, region, or other country group.This is done in order that the absence of data for a givencountry/year/variable not distort group totals unduly, and topermit the inclusion of the country in a ranking. Such "fill"estimates are based on a variety of grounds, such as avail-able fragmentary information, previous trends, or assump-tions as to the relationships between known and unknownvariables.

Conversion of National Currencies to Dollars

All value data in the report are expressed in US dol-lars. For most countries, this requires the conversion intodollars of amounts expressed in national currencies at cur-rent (or “then-year”) prices. Available methods for doingso are less than satisfactory in all respects. The approachadopted in this series of reports relies on market or parexchange rates. In this method, current-price national cur-rency data for an entire series of years is converted to cur-rent US dollars through the use of a single (base-year)exchange rate and two price indexes, one national and oneUS.

Basic Steps

The conversion approach used here consists essen-tially of three steps:

a) Each country’s data, expressed originally in the nation-al currency and at current prices, are “deflated” or putinto constant-price terms, usually by means of thecountry’s implicit deflator for GNP as a whole. ThisGNP price index is used also for other variables—mili-tary and central government expenditures—becausemore appropriate price indices for those sectors are notgenerally available. National currency data for allyears are expressed in prices of the conversion baseyear (1995 in this issue).

b) These data are then divided by the average exchangerate in the base year between the national currency andthe US dollar and thus converted into constant base-year (1995) dollars. Exchange rates are provided bythe World Bank and are usually the annual averagepar/market rate, (the “rf” rate as designated by theInternational Monetary Fund).

c) Data in constant dollars are then expressed in currentdollars by multiplying by the US implicit GNP deflator.

The calculation may be illustrated by an example,assuming the following data:

1985 national military expenditures, in nationalcurrency at current (1985) prices..........................4,600

1985 implicit GNP deflators (1995 = 100):National..................................................................55.5US..........................................................................77.7

1995 exchange rate, national currency unitsper dollar..............................................................15.92

Then, 1985 national military expenditures:

In constant 1995 dollars = 4,600 ¸ .555 ¸ 15.92 = 520.6In current (1985) dollars = 520.6 x .777 = 404.5

Advantages and Disadvantages

The use in this report of the same rate for convertingall variables from national currencies to US dollars (withthe exceptions noted below) means that the relationshipsamong variables in national currency terms remain the samewhen those variables are expressed in dollars.

The conversion method used here has an advantagein that it takes into account national differences in thebehavior of prices and, within each edition, avoids the dis-torting effect that can result from changes in exchange ratesduring the decade. It does not, however, allow for a numberof other factors. One is that any within-country differencesbetween the price indices for military or central governmentexpenditures and for GNP are not taken into account. Forexample, indices for compensation of military personnel orprices of imported arms might behave differently from theoverall index.

A more serious problem is that exchange rates inmany cases do not adequately reflect the relative purchasingpower of currencies. This has been demonstrated by adetailed study of purchasing power parities (PPPs) for theGNPs of a large number of countries.11 This study foundthat the greater the disparity in the per capita income ofcountries, the greater the tendency for exchange rates tounderstate the value of the poorer country’s product, andthat the understatement can be very large, reaching as much

11 These PPPS have been estimated by the United NationsInternational Comparisons Project, a cooperative undertaking ofthe United Nations, the World Bank, and the University ofPennsylvania. See Irving Kravis, Alan Heston. and RobertSummers, World Product and Income: InternationalComparisons of Real Gross Product, published for the WorldBank by the Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore andLondon, 1982.

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as threefold in some cases. However, since this study didnot estimate PPPs for military expenditures as such, it doesnot shed much light on how PPPs specific to militaryexpenditures or arms purchases might differ from exchangerates or from either overall or other sector-specific PPPs.12

A disadvantage of the method used here in WMEATis that the resulting conversion to current dollars for a givenyear can vary from edition to edition, despite the absence ofany change in data for that year itself. The change is duesolely to the rolling up of the exchange rate base year so asto make it more up-to-date, which usually means a changein the exchange rate used.

Such changes have been exceptionally large and fre-quent recently. This was due to two major factors: (1) thechange from an appreciating and overvalued US dollar(until 1985) to a depreciating one and (2) the very highinflation rates and concomitantly large exchange rate move-ments occurring in a number of developing countries,together with the tendency of the exchange rate changes toundercompensate or overcompensate for relative pricemovements.

For a discussion of the extent of the changes andtheir impact on inter-country comparisons and group aver-ages, see WMEAT 1988, pp. 135-136. The changes inexchange rates have not been as extensive in recent years,except for the growing number of high inflation countries.

Exceptions

There are several exceptions to the general conver-sion procedures discussed above. Data on arms transfers invalue terms for all countries obtained by this Agency arealready expressed in current dollars. (Original data in for-eign currencies have generally been converted by the sourceat current exchange rates.) These current dollars are con-verted to constant 1995 dollars in the manner shown above.For the Soviet Union, GNP estimates in rubles are convert-ed by the source into constant dollars at what is in effect anaverage US-and-Soviet-weighted PPP for GNP as a whole.This same conversion rate is also used for Soviet centralgovernment expenditures. Soviet military expenditures arein effect converted by the source at a military-sector PPPusing only Soviet weights. (See also the discussion ofMilitary Expenditures, above).

For other Warsaw Pact countries and China, theavailable estimates for GNP and military expenditures are

also already in terms that accounted for domestic pricechanges and have been converted to constant dollars usingestimated purchasing power parities, rather than officialexchange rates.

For successor states to the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia,and Czechoslovakia and other former Warsaw Pact coun-tries, GNP in dollars is based on estimates of GNP per capi-ta converted at PPPs and published by the World Bank in itsWorld Bank Atlas 1997. Other variables are converted todollars by multiplying a ratio of the variable to GNP innational currency by GNP in dollars. This is equivalent tousing the GNP PPP to convert the other variable fromnational currency to dollars.

It should be noted that in all cases the relationshipbetween current and constant dollars in this report is deter-mined entirely by the US GNP deflator index. To facilitatereconversion to other constant-dollar bases if desired, thisindex, rebased here to 1995=100, is as follows:

1985 72.96 1990 87.011986 74.92 1991 90.501987 77.26 1992 92.971988 80.10 1993 95.391989 83.46 1994 97.55

Growth Rates

The average annual rates of real growth shown inTables 1-5 of the Highlights are based on data in constant1995 dollars from Main Tables I and II. The rates are calcu-lated by a least-squares fit to all years of the period of thelog form (to the base 10) of the following “compound inter-est” equation:

Y = A(l + r/100)T,

or

LogY = LogA + Log(l + r/100) x T,

where Y is military expenditures (or other variable) in agiven year, A is the initial value for year 0, T is time inyears, and r is the growth rate in percent. This formula wasused in all cases to provide a consistent measure of changeand is not intended to provide the best fit for projection pur-poses.

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12 A United Nations expert group has studied the feasibility ofconstructing purchasing power parities and price indices for mil-itary expenditures (A/40/421, 13 August 1985). However, practi-cal prospects for the future availability of usable military PPPsare poor due to the lack of underlying national data, especiallyon military prices.

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