World Meteorological OrganizationWorking together in weather, climate and water

The Role of WIS & WIGOS in supporting WMO Priority Areas

WIS Implementation Workshop

November 1, 2011, SOFIA

Dr W. ZHANG, D/OBS WMO

www.wmo.int

WMO

2

WMO Congress 16 decide 5 key priorities

for 2012-2015 GFCS Capacity building WIGOS/WIS Disaster Risk Reduction Aeronautical meteorology

The Role of WIS & WIGOS in the five main elements of the GFCS

1. WIS Role in GFCS

Role of CSIS within the GFCS• The CSIS is the means of

delivery of climate data and products.

• It comprises global, regional and national information centres and entities that generate/process climate information , and the exchange of data and products to agreed standards and protocols.

• It must be supported by observation and information programmes.

• Capacity building initiatives will increase ‘conductivity’ of data flow

Basic conceptual elements of GFCS --Climate Service Information System(CSIS)

• Chapter 2: OBSERVING SYSTEMS AND DATA EXCHANGE: Mechanisms for climate data exchange:

– A new World Meteorological Organization Information System is being developed to serve as the coordinated global infrastructure for the telecommunication and management of weather, climate, water and related data.

– The new Information System has been designed to meet global requirements for routine collection and dissemination not only of observed data but also of value-added analysis products. It will also support user needs for locating, accessing and transmitting data.

Addressing issues of data exchange and access (HLT report)

• The WMO is in the process of implementing an information system (WIS) capable of distributing observations and information globally as well as providing access to the same datasets on user request.

• This system has global hubs feeding regional nodes and offers the potential to be able to honour the national data policies of all data providers.

• It is expected that this system will be fully implemented by 2015, with some elements becoming available in 2012. The Global Framework for Climate Services should make use of this and other suitable information systems for exchanging data and information.

2) Climate Services Information System (CSIS)

• This is the system needed to collect, process and distribute climate data and information according to the needs of users as well as to the procedures agreed by governments and other data owners.

• It should be largely based on, or parallel to, the existing internationally-agreed systems for exchanging and processing meteorological data and information.

• These communication systems are often tailored to serve particular provider - user communities, although the proposed World Meteorological Organization Information System offers generic functionality well suited to providing access to climate services globally. (Show HLT report Figure 9.2)

The GFCS and WIS

• WIS metadata is not limited to describing data and products.– => WIS metadata for climate service discovery

• WIS data communication network can be used by all WMO programms (WWW, DRR,

WIS can provide the basic data transport and discovery infrastructure for the GFCS

2. WIGOS Role in GFCS

The Role of WIS & WIGOS in the five main elements of the GFCS

WWMOMO IINTEGRATED NTEGRATED GGLOBAL LOBAL OOBSERVING BSERVING SSYSTEM YSTEM

(WIGOS)(WIGOS)

Background: WMO Global Observing Systems

Global Observing Systems (WWW/GOS) RBSN, RBCN (>10,000 stations,1,000 upper-air) AMDAR (39754/day) Ship & Marine obs (30417/day) Surface-based remote sensing Meso-scale networks

WMO Space Programme Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) World Hydrological Cycle Observing System (WHYCOS) WMO Co-sponsored Observing Systems

GCOS, GOOS, GTOS

Courtesy:Tom Karl

Atmosphere

Land

Oceans

Space

The climate system:AtmosphereLandOceanCryosphere

Observations:

The climate system:AtmosphereLandOceanCryosphere

Observations:

A challenge:

The changing observing system

A challenge:

The changing observing system

The continuing changing observing systemCourtesy, S. Brönnimann

04/11/23 1616WIGOS

WMO

Need for WIGOS to support seamless prediction and services framework

Mid-1970s

Atmosphere

Mid-1980s

Atmosphere

Land Surface

Early 1990s

Atmosphere

Land Surface

Ocean & Sea Ice

Late 1990s

Atmosphere

Land Surface

Ocean & Sea Ice

SulphateAerosol

Present Day

Atmosphere

Land Surface

Ocean & Sea Ice

SulphateAerosol

Non-sulphateAerosol

Carbon Cycle

Early 2000s?

Atmosphere

Land Surface

Ocean & Sea Ice

SulphateAerosol

Non-sulphateAerosol

Carbon Cycle

DynamicVegetation

AtmosphericChemistry

Weather

Climate Change

ClimateVariability

Overview of Weather and Climate Models and the Required Observations

Need for Integrated Global Observing System beyond individual GOS, GAW,WHYCOS into WIGOS

• Historically the WMO observing systems have been developed and administered separately;

• This multiplicity of systems has resulted in some incompatibilities and deficiencies, duplication of effort, and higher overall costs;

• Present observing capabilities fall short of meeting current and future WMO Members needs and are not delivering their full benefits.

04/11/23 17

Why WIGOS is needed?

04/11/23 18

Why WIGOS is needed?

• Service Demand for a wide range of high-quality observational data, products & information for the benefit of society & sustainable development, esp. improving services:

to extreme weather events & disasters (Japan, Australia, Brazil), and

to climate services & climate change(melting glaciers - the simplest indicators of climate change);

to water resources

Basic conceptual elements of GFCS --Observations and Monitoring

• The purpose of this element of the Framework is to ensure that climate observations necessary to meet the needs of climate services are generated.

• Key tasks for the Framework will be to define the gaps that most crucially affect climate services, to bring attention to these deficiencies and to assist in efforts to fill them.

• They are also likely to include past data and can be addressed through “data rescue” and the conversion of historic, paper-based records to electronic formats.

Observations to meet GFCS needs

Understanding

Models andPrediction

Service Delivery

ConsequencesValidation &

InitiationOutput

Monitoring

Analysis

Observations

The availability of new observations strongly motivates advances in understanding, prediction, and application.

Major Gaps in the Three Domains

AtmosphereOcean

Terrestrial Polar Regions (all three domains)

Gaps in global observation systems:

Atmosphere Domain

• Basic conventional network coverage is poor for many developing nations (GSN& GUAN).

• Urban areas will require improved observations to support urban-specific adaptation decisions

• All countries should give high priority to the need for sufficiently resourced observation networks.

• Good design, effective planning, progressive and sustainable implementation.

Major Gaps Implementation strategy

Why a Framework for Climate Services?

Gaps in global observation systems:

Ocean Domain

• The ocean observation system require substantial additional national efforts to build and sustain their implementation.

• The fragility of the financial arrangements supporting most of the present effort is of particular concern, and very limited progress in establishing national oceanic institutions.

• The major challenges to success in the coming decade can be reduced to the need for long-term funding and improved international and national organizational structures to build and sustain a truly interdisciplinary, coherent, systematic and sustained ocean observing system.

Major Gaps Implementation strategy

Global Ocean Observations: How to sustain and further improve to meet GFCS needs ?

Current coverage

Gaps in global observation systems:

Terrestrial Domain

• Progress in establishing institutional support for in situ networks has been slow, leading to networks that are still poorly coordinated and harmonised

• The satellite community needs encouragement in continuing their efforts to monitor Essential Climate Variables in the terrestrial domain.

• Efforts need to be made to ensure that observations crucial to our understanding of terrestrial systems, including the hydrosphere, biosphere and cryosphere, are moved from the largely research-driven funding base to a secure, longer-term monitoring network

Major Gaps Implementation strategy

Tiksi, Russia

Alert, Canada

Barrow, Alaska

Eureka, Canada

Summit, Greenland

Ny-Alesund, Svalbard

How to coordinate these research networks to ensure sustained observations and data sharing for GFCS

Major challenges in four Areas

Data policy & sharingQuality and long-term consistence

Historical Data RescueNew Observing Capability & Impact

Approaches to global data policy

• HLT Principle 6: The Framework will promote the free and open exchange of climate-relevant observational data while respecting national and international data policies, and clarify climate data policies

Accuracy, PrecisionRepresentativenessMeasurement traceabilityLong-time series stabilityReducing uncertainty……

Ensure the quality of the observations to meet GFCS requirements, data rescue

Maximizing Data Quality and UsabilityA Example: climate monitoring from space

UsersUsers

Satellites Satellites & sensors& sensors

Satellite Satellite data data

Essential Essential Climate Climate productsproducts

GOSGOS GSICSGSICS

ConsisteConsistentntCalibrateCalibratedddata setsdata setsSCOPE-CMSCOPE-CM

• Sustained CO-ordinated Processing of Sustained CO-ordinated Processing of Environmental satellite data for Environmental satellite data for Climate Monitoring (SCOPE-CM)Climate Monitoring (SCOPE-CM)

• Global productsGlobal products• Sustained into the futureSustained into the future• Coordinated globallyCoordinated globally• Basic system for the climate monitoring from Basic system for the climate monitoring from

spacespace

Trend: N10 = - 0.40 K Dec-1, N11 = 0.80 K Dec-1,

N12 = 0.36 K Dec-1, N14 = 0.43 K Dec-1

248

249

250

251

252

253

1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

NOAA10

NOAA11

NOAA12

NOAA14

Linear (NOAA10)

Linear (NOAA11)

Linear (NOAA12)

Linear (NOAA14)

Multi-satellite Intercalibration improves MSU time series

Trend: N10 = -0.39 K Dec-1, N11 = 0.58 K Dec-1

N12 = 0.43 K Dec-1, N14 = 0.31 K Dec-1

248

249

250

251

252

253

1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

NOAA10

NOAA11

NOAA12

NOAA14

Linear (NOAA10)

Linear (NOAA11)

Linear (NOAA12)

Linear (NOAA14)

Operational Calibration

Improved calibrated radiances using SNO- improveddifferences between sensors by order of magnitude.

Trend = 0.17 K Dec-1

250

251

252

253

254

1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

Combined

Linear (Combined)

Trends for nonlinear calibration algorithm using SNO cross calibration

0.20 K Decade-1

Improved Calibration

New Observing Capability & Impact

A example: Sea level Observations: 100 fold improvement in 30 yearsA example: Sea level Observations: 100 fold improvement in 30 years

CCl Management Group meeting, Geneva 18-21 May 2010

The ENSO

• The predictability

• Seasonal climate predictions require information below the surface for many tens of metres depth,

• For decadal climate prediction, information from the full depth of the ocean may be needed.

data

• New science and technology in data utilization for climate: Fully utilize observational data and develop value-added products, information to meet many user sector needs.

products information

knowledge

WMO Cg 16 Decision to establish

ICG WIGOS/ WIGOS Project Office

The overall observing system is rather complex and needs thoughtful, in-depth, careful, efficient integration of large, but disperse observing systems of WMO and partner organizations to meet ever-increased requirement for timely and acurate information demanded by Members.

WIGOS implementation is crucial for WMO´s future and essential for meeeting the emerging requirements for WMO activities related to integration and delivery of observations for:

• Global Framework of Climate Services; • Disaster Risk Reduction; • Aviation Meteorology; • Capacity Building; and • ..... cooperation with partner organizations

( Outline of the WIGOS brochure )

WIGOS: Our Planet's Future Hub for Weather, Climate and Water Observations

What is WIGOS?

Why We Need WIGOS

How WIGOS Links to WMO Future Priorities

The Roadmap: How WIGOS Would Work

Requirements: Technology: Quality: Management Efficiency: Capacity Building:

Who Will Build WIGOS?Members; Regional Associations; Technical Commissions;

(The Secretariat); Partner Organizations

Benefits of WIGOS

More information at: www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/wigos/index_en.html

3. WIS & WIGOS must go hand in hand

39

Standardization & Quality Management

Three key areas on Standardization:

Instruments and Methods of Observation;

WIS information exchange and discovery;

Quality

Management Framework.

WIS &WIGOS go hand in hand

• WIS Metadata: Books Catalogues of a Library

• WIGOS Metadata: Table content of books

• WIGOS data and products: the quality assured content of the books (through standardization, QMF, new science and technology for value-added products)

• GISICs: need to host all the WIS and WIGOS metadata, esp data and products from co-sponsored systems (GCOS, GOOS, GTOS, GEOSS..)

• DCPCs and NCs: need to generate and host all the quality data and products produced by WIGOS

• WIS: Ensure Members and users can find out the right data, products and information they needed (pull through DAR)

• WIS: Disseminate all data, observing and model products to identified users in a timely manner (Push)

• More ………

• Without integration, NMHSs can not afford further services expansion;

• Integration will seek high degree standardization and inter-operability, to form powerful basic system for supporting all WMO Programmes

The Tower of Babel

WIGOS: Our Planet's Future Hub for Weather, Climate and Water Observations

It is very important to consider that WIGOS and WIS need be enhanced altogether. Data and information have to be timely available to users. All Observations need be integrated and of highest quality for maximum benefit.

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WMO

Complex and multiple Observing systems need be well coordinated and integrated:

- WMO and partner organizations -

WIGOS

GOS

SATELITESIn-SITUSHIPS

BUOYSAIRCRAFTS,

RAIN GAUGES

Given the observations:

Adequate analysis, processing, meta-data, archival, access, and management of the resulting data and the data products create further challenges in spite of the new computational tools.

Given the observations:

Adequate analysis, processing, meta-data, archival, access, and management of the resulting data and the data products create further challenges in spite of the new computational tools.Volumes of data continue to grow and the challenge is to distill informationinformation out of the increasing numbers.

Great Advances in Global and Regional Weather Forecasts: Credit of WIS and WIGOS

WIS & WIGOS Our Organization's Foundation and

Future Hub for Weather, Climate and Water Information

services

Thank you!

More information at: www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/wigos/index_en.html