19/5/2011 B. Calpini CIMO

World Meteorological OrganizationWorking together in weather, climate and water

Since TECO 2010 in Helsinki…What was achieved ?

Its meaning for a National Met Service:WIGOS our new perspective

WMO

Bertrand CalpiniPresident of CIMO

Bruxelles, October 2012

B. Calpini CIMO

Promote:– high quality observational data– world-wide compatibility

by:– Defining technical standards, – Testing and calibration– Performing instrument intercomparisons, – Implementing quality control procedures. – Increasing expertise and Capacity-building

for:– Improving quality of products and services

CIMO mission

B. Calpini CIMO

In WMO High Priorities

• in the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) by improving systematic in situ observations and monitoring of climate

• in WIGOS by improving the availability, usefulness, quality and utilization of observational data and products of all WMO observing systems

B. Calpini CIMO

• (a) Standardization and Intercomparisons;

• (b) Remote-sensing and New Technologies;

• (c) Capacity-building.

CIMO working structure

B. Calpini CIMO

Siting of observing stations• QA observations relies also on proper siting

and maintenance of instruments.– CIMO-XV approved a siting classification for

observing stations– Tool for assessing which station to be used for

climate services• The CIMO siting classification together with

ISO TC 146 to become a common WMO-ISO standard.

Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss

Criteria vs Integration

Fully compliant All WMO/CIMO requirements fulfilled, useable for climatology,

meteorology and warning purposes

CompliantMost requirements fulfilled, useable for meteorology and warnings

Not compliantSome important WMO requirements not fulfilled! Be aware of the

limitations and use data with caution e.g. for weather warnings.

Each sensor is quality flagged using the following categories:

Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss

Fully CompliantNot Compliant

Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss

Round table discussion& TECO 2012

B. Calpini CIMO

Rainfall Intensity

• Final report on the WMO CIMO webpage

B. Calpini CIMO

Rain security network in the Alps / 2013 Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA

Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss

EU (ISO) norm on rainfall intensity obs

SPICE: Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment

• WMO/CIMO priority for the 2010-2014 intersession period

• Multi-sites experiment • Covers 5 continents, over two winter periods (2012-

2014)• MeteoSwiss contribution: set up of a reference site in

Alpine condition, jointly with the Swiss Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research (SLF)– Construction of a DFIR– Hosting one reference composite (3 Ott Pluvio2)– Hosting additional instruments under test – Using existing and additional ancillary information (wind,

temperature, webcam, etc.)

• 15 potential sites over 5 continents• 1 single site in Central Europe/Alpine region : Weissfluhjoch

Refercence site at Weissfluhjoch (2500 masl)

DFIRTest field

Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss

Double Fence Intercomparison Reference (DFIR) from Norway (exemple)

B. Calpini CIMO

Temperature and RH

19/5/2011 B. Calpini CIMO VEIG

LBOM

LLANLCOC

SCAE

SDAV

SSOCSYOUVDAV

VROT

VTHY VYOU

Field Intercomparison of Thermometer Screens/Shields and Humidity Measuring

Instruments (17*2 screens)

B. Calpini CIMO

Gardaia Results

• Even some low-cost screen appear with very good performance

• Consequences for climate services:– Maximum daily temperature delay: up to 3hrs – Maximum temperature error: up to 1.5deg

• Final report on the WMO CIMO webpage

B. Calpini CIMO

8th WMO International Radiosonde Comparison.Yangjiang, Guangdong, China

12 July – 3 August 2010

Participants: 11 manufacturers from

China, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, Korea, South Africa, Switzerland, USA

Radiosonde

19/5/2011 B. Calpini CIMO

Tropical/subtropical moist conditions

Tropopause & 16kmTemperature >> -90deg

19/5/2011 B. Calpini CIMO

Radiation Error on upper-air Temperature

WMO Intercomparison of HQRSYangjiang, China, 12 July - 3 August 2010

Night Day

J. Nash, T. Oakley, H. Vömel, LI Wei, WMO/TD-No. 1580, 2011

Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss

LDR_nLNR_nLUR_nT_n

Longwave Radiation Profiles during the Night Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA

Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss

Night flight: 23 Sep 2011, UT21:20 Day flight: 23 Sep 2011, UT10:13and

LDR_dLNR_dLUR_dT_dLDR_nLNR_nLUR_nT_n

Longwave Radiation Profiles during Night and Day Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA

Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss

Solar shortwave Radiation

Kiehl and Trenberth

SUR

Thermal longwave Rad.

Kiehl and Trenberth

168

Solar and Thermal Radiation Fluxes

LDRLURSDR

Surface Radiation Measurements

Satellite Radiation Measurements

LDRLURSUR SDR

Poster – P3(7) Philipona, Kräuchi, Brocard, GRL, 2012 doi:10.1029/2012GL052087

Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss

Measuring the Radiation Error in Flight

50 micron thermocouple temperature sensors unshaded and shaded

- Aluminium plate (brilliant / black) attached to SRS-C34

- Temperature sensors on both sides (5cm distance)

- Alternately one sensor is exposed to the sun

Referencesensor

Shaded and unshaded Temperature in Flight

SRSC34

front view

T sensor

Publication in preparation

19/5/2011 B. Calpini CIMO27. September – 15. October 2010, PMOD/WRC Davos, Switzerland

4. Radiation

19/5/2011 B. Calpini CIMO

•87 participants•40 countries•99 pyrheliometers

Final report on the WMO CIMO webpage

MeteoSwiss Payerne - June 2012Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss

LDR

LURSUR

SDR

Start UT 10:13 Start UT 21:20

Surface Radiation budget

Climate Monitoring: Biosphere

Stöckli et al. (2004) in Allen&Lord (2004) Nature, 432: 551-552

MODIS/TERRA satellite data from July & August 2003 versus 2000-2007

Land Surface Temperature Anomaly Leaf Area Index Anomaly

B. Calpini CIMO

2. Weather Radar

The Radar Quality Control and Quantitative Precipitation Estimation (QPE) Intercomparison Project

1st generation 1961 4th generation 2011

50 years of weather radar history in Switzerland

Albis radarLosses (Tx, Rx, Radome, NF):

old: 14.5 dBnew: 4.9 dB

Transmitted power: old: 270 kWnew: 470 kW (235 per channel) loss of 0.6 dB

9 dB more sensitivity thanks to

- receiver-over-elevation design, - digital receiver technology, and - cabin on tower

Higher sensitivity

2 new sites in the Alps Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss

Challenge vs the renewal of the weather radar network in the Alps

Real-time radar raingauge merging soon operational

Radar onlyusing advanced radar processing adapted for mountainous region

Radar + raingaugeusing co-kriging with external drift

and advanced filtering techniques

8 August 200721:00-22:00

I Sideris, R Erdin, M Gabella, C Frei, U Germann

Image: Ioannis Sideris

Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss

19/5/2011 B. Calpini CIMO

Challenges

• to inter-compare different algorithms for radar quality control with a focus on Quantitative Precipitation Estimation QPE applications

• to develop a method to assess the overall quality of precipitation products from radars globally

19/5/2011 B. Calpini CIMO

• (a) Standardization and Intercomparisons;

• (b) Remote-sensing and New Technologies;

• (c) Capacity-building.

CIMO working structure

19/5/2011 B. Calpini CIMO

Testbeds and Leadcenters

Raman Lidar• Automatic system• Day- and night-time operation• H2O, aerosols, and temperature profiles• Towards improved operationnal availability

One-year of humidity profiles

Technical problems (15%)Low cloudsRainData availability (55%)

2011

1. Laser source2. Cooling system3. Air conditioning

Technical problems:

Data availability Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA

Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss

Key to success:•Training of staff + well defined procedures•Spare part management•Preventive maintenance of all units (cooling sys., air cond., laser, PC, …)

Climatological maximum

Data availability Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA

Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss

-1.8 %/month

+0.13 %/month

+0.51 %/month

+0.12 %/month

Drifts:

Performance stability Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA

Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss

B. Calpini CIMO

(1) Testbeds are centers with experimental facilities to assess the capabilities of various remote-sensing technologies and to provide guidance on instrumentation from a variety of observing systems

(2) Lead centers are centers of excellence for instrument development and testing focused on a specific parameter

Testbeds and Leadcenters

2000

2001

2003Phenology & Pollen

2002Surface data (rain gauge measurements, AWS data, observations)

2004Aviation messages

2005Lightning data

2006International surface data (SYNOP)

2007National sounding measurements

2008Homogenized Data

2009National & International Upper Air Data

2010Gridded Datasets

Start of the MeteoSwiss Data Warehouse Project

Model Data2011

Metadata

WIGOS perspectiveFederal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss

WIGOS perspective

• measurement data• metadata • control data• quality tests

Allows an efficient and economic maintenance company-wide data integration platform for

the long term independant from technical realisation

specified in a uniform way, centrally administrated and configurable

Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHAFederal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss

B. Calpini CIMO

• (a) Standardization and Intercomparisons;

• (b) Remote-sensing and New Technologies;

• (c) Capacity-building.

CIMO working structure

B. Calpini CIMO

Capacity Building

•Intercomparisons•Training workshops

TECO 2012 &

Meteorological Technology World Expo 2012

B. Calpini CIMO

Capacity Building

B. Calpini CIMO

CIMO Guide 2010>2012• Major update of the CIMO Guide completed

and online.

• Further CIMO Guide chapter updates :– Upper air chapters – Lightning detection chapter– Ozone and atmospheric chemistry

chapters (courtesy CAS)– Satellite chapter (expanded to comprise a

new Part of the Guide)

B. Calpini CIMO

IOM rep. 2012>>

• In preparation:

– COST-727– Radar Database– Wind Profilers (Japanese perspective)– RA II traceability survey– AWS Transition

B. Calpini CIMO

>> to CIMO-XVI St Petersburg 2014

Working on:  * Common ISO/WMO standards* Involvement in EMRP ENV-03 (UV) and ENV-07 (Meteomet)* Major intercomaprison RQQI and most of SPICE* Another update of CIMO Guide (incl upper air, satellites, ozone, atmos chem)* Prepare for next intercomparisons (humidity? present weather? ceilometer? radiosonde? )* Work on the Cloud Atlas* Outcomes of CIMO Testbeds and Lead Centres* Reshape CIMO activities vs WIGOS framework implementation.

19/5/2011 B. Calpini CIMO

Many thanks to:

Alexander Haefele,Rolf Philipona

Yves-Alain Roulet Laurent Vuilleumier Dominique Ruffieux

Urs GermannReto Stoekli

Estelle GrueterJoel Fiesler

What was achieved ? WIGOS as

a National Met Service perspective

Many thanks to:

Our CIMO experts

And

Isabelle RuediRoger Atkinson

the WMO Obs Dpt