World History/Cultures World History/Cultures Chapter 15- Reaction & Nationalism Chapter 15- Reaction & Nationalism

Section 3- Bismarck’s RealmSection 3- Bismarck’s Realm

Otto Von BismarckOtto Von Bismarck

After German Unification- After German Unification- Bismarck’s RealmBismarck’s Realm

Bismarck & the ChurchBismarck & the Church Catholics join together & form Catholics join together & form

Center PartyCenter Party & express & express oppositionopposition

to Protestant Prussians.to Protestant Prussians. Bismarck engaged in a Bismarck engaged in a

Kulturkampf or Kulturkampf or cultural strugglecultural struggle with the Catholic Church.with the Catholic Church.

After German Unification- Bismarck’s After German Unification- Bismarck’s Realm con’tRealm con’t

Bismarck felt Catholicism was Bismarck felt Catholicism was antinationalistantinationalist and concerned about and concerned about papal papal infallibilityinfallibility . .

Bismarck expels Bismarck expels JesuitsJesuits in 1872. in 1872. Germany passes the Germany passes the May LawsMay Laws which which deprived Catholic bishops of authority. deprived Catholic bishops of authority. Pope Pius IXPope Pius IX breaks ties with Germany. breaks ties with Germany.

Center Party becomes stronger and Center Party becomes stronger and BismarckBismarck realized he needed their realized he needed their support to defeat challenge from support to defeat challenge from SocialistsSocialists..

Bismarck reconciles with Bismarck reconciles with CatholicsCatholics. . Most of the May Laws Most of the May Laws repealedrepealed and the and the KulturkampfKulturkampf ends in 1881. ends in 1881.

Industrial GrowthIndustrial Growth Prior to unification, Germany primarily Prior to unification, Germany primarily

agriculturalagricultural. End of 1800s Germany became . End of 1800s Germany became a major a major industrialindustrial power. power.

Factors for industrial growth:Factors for industrial growth: Zollverein- economic growth & Zollverein- economic growth &

transportation system improvementstransportation system improvements investment capitalinvestment capital factory systemfactory system deep-pit coal mining- cheap fuel for deep-pit coal mining- cheap fuel for

factoriesfactories growth of citiesgrowth of cities Benefits- highest standard of living for Benefits- highest standard of living for

middle/upper classes.middle/upper classes. Drawbacks- lower wages, high Drawbacks- lower wages, high

unemployment, crowded tenements, long unemployment, crowded tenements, long hours, dangerous working conditions.hours, dangerous working conditions.

Workers & SocialismWorkers & Socialism Poor working conditions prompt Poor working conditions prompt

workers to look toward a workers to look toward a democratic democratic social ordersocial order..

Ferdinand Lasalle established the Ferdinand Lasalle established the Universal German Universal German Workingmen’sWorkingmen’s AssociationAssociation in 1863. A socialist, in 1863. A socialist, Lasalle wanted Lasalle wanted political actionpolitical action to to change working conditions.change working conditions.

Lasalle consulted Bismarck on worker Lasalle consulted Bismarck on worker problems. Lasalle died in 1864 & problems. Lasalle died in 1864 & didn’t finish what he started. Party he didn’t finish what he started. Party he founded merged with the founded merged with the Social Social DemocraticDemocratic Party in 1875. Party in 1875.

Bismarck & SocialistsBismarck & Socialists Bismarck believed Bismarck believed SocialistSocialist Party Party

would change government.would change government. 1878, German legislature passed an 1878, German legislature passed an

anti-Socialistanti-Socialist bill that banned bill that banned socialist socialist meetingsmeetings and and publicationspublications..

Socialists not stopped. Bismarck’s Socialists not stopped. Bismarck’s efforts directed toward efforts directed toward workersworkers. . 1883 1883 SicknessSickness Insurance LawInsurance Law passed. passed. 1889 1889 Old Age Insurance LawOld Age Insurance Law passed. passed.

Socialists gain seats in Socialists gain seats in legislaturelegislature in in 1890 & Socialists do not renew 1890 & Socialists do not renew Bismarck’s Bismarck’s anti-Socialist anti-Socialist law.law.

Fall of BismarckFall of Bismarck William IIWilliam II becomes becomes emperoremperor after William I after William I

& Williams I’s son, Frederick III die. The new & Williams I’s son, Frederick III die. The new Kaiser supports Kaiser supports militarismmilitarism..

William II believed in William II believed in absolute authorityabsolute authority of of the emperor and came in conflict with the emperor and came in conflict with BismarckBismarck..

Bismarck, to get his way, threatened Bismarck, to get his way, threatened resignationresignation many times under William II. many times under William II. 1890 offers to resign and William II accepts.1890 offers to resign and William II accepts.

Under Bismarck’s rule, Germany prevented Under Bismarck’s rule, Germany prevented from developing a from developing a parliamentary democracyparliamentary democracy ..

Bismarck no longer in power, Germany Bismarck no longer in power, Germany became a major became a major industrial industrial andand military military power under William II.power under William II.

William IIWilliam II