World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.
-
Upload
emma-blake -
Category
Documents
-
view
233 -
download
0
Transcript of World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.
![Page 1: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
World History
Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations
![Page 2: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
First, meet with another person who has the same role as you. Answer the questions on the following slide on a sheet of paper
Then, meet with a person who has a different role, and compare your “lives”
![Page 3: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Choice to Settle Down
Hunter-Gatherers and Farmers-Settler How do they feed themselves? Where and in what do you live? What jobs/roles are available? What are the dangers of this lifestyle? What are the benefits?
![Page 4: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
II. How Civilization Develops
A. Five Characteristics of Civilizations• Cities are the next step after farming• Cities are the beginnings of civilization
![Page 5: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
1. Advanced Cities
![Page 6: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
2. Specialized Workers
![Page 7: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
3. Complex Institutions
Institutions – systems of organization in a community
![Page 8: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
4. Record Keeping
Incan khipu
![Page 9: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
5. Improved Technology
Production chains allow for the development of more advanced technology
![Page 10: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The River Valley civilizations
The first four civilizations developed in river valleys.
![Page 11: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Mesopotamia – Chapter 2, Section 1 “meso” – Middle Mesopotamia - Land between the rivers – the
Tigris and the Euphrates Modern day Iraq
![Page 12: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Fertile Crescent
Region stretching from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers to the Mediterranean Coast
Fertile area surrounded by arid deserts and mountains
![Page 13: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Favorable environment – but prone to dry spells, flooding.
Few metals & timber Technology developed to overcome these
problems – irrigation, mud bricks, trade
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudbrick
![Page 14: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Culture of the Sumer City States1. Complex societies
located in about a dozen independent cities - Ur
2. Ziggurat temples at center of city
Polytheistic religion Gloomy afterlife
![Page 15: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
3. Achievements Math – base 60 system Cuneiform - oldest written language Wheel, chariot, sail Nails, hammers
4. The Epic of Gilgamesh – epic story about a king’s search for immortality
![Page 16: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Mesopotamian Empire builders As states grew, they came into
conflict with each other, two thousand years of war
1. Sargon of Akkad (2350 B.C.) – brought together northern and southern Mesopotamia
2. Babylonian Empire – (2000 B.C.) –
Hammurabi: ruler of Babylon at the peak of its empire, established a uniform code of law
![Page 17: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
II. The Nile Valley
A. Environment & Geography
1. Predictable, seasonal floods
2. Fertile valley surrounded by harsh desert
![Page 18: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Ancient Egyptian History
1. Old Kingdom - Unification of Egypt around 3100 BC, early pyramids
2. Middle Kingdom – 1985 B.C.
3. New Kingdom – 1500 B.C. military expansion of Egypt, new religious beliefs, Akenathen and Tutankhamun
![Page 19: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Egyptian Religion
1. Pharaohs viewed as gods
2. Polytheistic – Chief gods were Ra (Re) the Sun God, and Osiris, the God of the Dead, Isis, and Anubis – the god of the underworld
3. Afterlife was highly important. Mummification for the wealthy
![Page 20: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Achievements Bronze armor and weapons Hieroglyphics Math: decimals, approximation of pi Medicine: pain killers, stitching of wounds,
setting of broken bones
![Page 21: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Summary Questions
1. How did the Mesopotamians overcome the limitations of their environment?
2. How did the religion of the Egyptians influence their construction of citieds
![Page 22: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Planned Cities on the Indus and the Development of Hinduism and Buddhism 2000 BC – 250 BC
![Page 23: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Geography
Indian continent protected by mountains to the north
Diverse climate Deserts, jungles, plains Monsoons – seasonal
storms Unpredictable flooding
![Page 24: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Settlements and Buildings
2500 B.C. – planned cities built on a grid system, used mud bricks
Advanced water systems, sewers, plumbing
Harrapan Civilization
![Page 25: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Religious Beliefs
Theocracy Temple structures are not a
prominent part of the cities (we think!)
![Page 26: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Economic Life
India traded cotton cloth for precious metals Used rivers for transporting goods Used east-west monsoons to trade with
Arabs & Persians
![Page 27: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Founder/Origins - Hinduism
No single founder Devolved from a collection of diverse beliefs
of ancient Indians, the Aryans
![Page 28: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Key Beliefs – Hinduism
One must learn one’s relationship to the Brahmin, the world soul
Your soul is reincarnated until you achieve this enlightenment, called moksha
Karma, one’s good and bad deeds, follows you through this life and the next
![Page 29: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Gods & Deities - Hinduism
Polytheistic Brahman – eternal, infinite and ultimately
beyond human perception or description Trimurti – the holy trinity of Hinduism
Brahma – the creator Vishnu – the protector Shiva – the destroyer, the pure, the all knowing
![Page 30: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Brahma
![Page 31: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Shiva
![Page 32: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Vishnu
![Page 33: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Sacred Literature - Hinduism
Vedas – Stories or mantras by the ancient Indians
Upanishads – commentaries on the Vedas by Hindu scholars
![Page 34: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Effect on Society - Hinduism
Ideas about karma and reincarnation reinforced caste system People were born into lower classes for a reason
Hinduism dominated one’s social role
![Page 35: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Modern Day Traditions - Hinduism Role of the caste system is highly debated in
modern India Largest religion in India, 3rd largest in world Vegetarianism – at the very least NO beef
![Page 36: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Founder/Origins - Buddhism
Siddhartha Gautama, born 563 B.C.
Wealthy, young nobleman Prophecy at his birth At age 29, he left home to
search for enlightenment Found it after meditating for
49 days under a tree
![Page 37: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Key Beliefs – Buddhism
Four Noble Truths First: Life is filled with suffering and sorrow Second: The cause of all suffering is people’s selfish desire
for material pleasure Third: The way to end suffering is to end desire Fourth: The way to overcome desire is to follow the
Eightfold Path Good actions lead to spiritual enlightenment Reincarnation Nirvana – enlightenment, release from pain and
suffering
![Page 38: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Gods - Buddhism
Some Buddhists treat Buddha as a god, others do not
Some claim that Buddhism is a way of life and not a religion.
![Page 39: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Sacred Literature - Buddhism Dharma – religious teachings of Buddha
![Page 40: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Effect on Society - Buddhism
Encouraged people to reject materialism Opposed the caste system Buddhist monks and missionaries spread
Buddhist ideas to China thru trade and travel
![Page 41: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Modern Day Traditions - Buddhism Relatively few Buddhists in India
today Supporters of pacifism and
environmentalism 350 million worldwide Dalai Lama – believed by Tibetan
Buddhists to be the reincarnation of Buddha
![Page 42: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Ancient China
Chapter 2, Section 4
Chapter 4, Section 4
![Page 43: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
1. Geographic Features
Steppes & deserts to the north and west
Two major rivers, Huang He (Yellow) and Yangtze
![Page 44: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
2. Environmental Challenges
Massive, unpredictable floods by Huang He (Yellow River)
“China’s Sorrow” Only 10% of China is arable
(farmable)
![Page 45: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
3. Settlements
Shang Dynasty built Anyang Used wood, earthen walls
![Page 46: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
4. Social Classes
Sharp division between nobility and peasants
![Page 47: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
5. Role of Family
Respect for parents important Women were treated as inferiors
![Page 48: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
6. Religious Beliefs
A supreme god, Shang Di, and many lesser gods
Ancestor & nature worship – family gods
![Page 49: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
7. Writing System
Pictograph Writing – each symbol represents an idea
Had to know 1,500 character to be barely literate
![Page 50: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
8. Technological Advances
More advanced than the other river valley civilizations Cast iron Roads and canals First use of coined money
![Page 51: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
9. Artistry
SKIP
![Page 52: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Confucianism
Founder: Confucius (551-479 B.C.)
![Page 53: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Basic Ideas
Respect for family Best able, not best born should rule) Courtesy & respect towards others Not a religion
![Page 54: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Influence on Society
Development of a bureaucracy (professional leaders)
![Page 55: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Daoism
Founder: Lao Tzu
![Page 56: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Basic Beliefs
Natural order is more important than social order
Universe is made up of balancing forces Up/down, male/female
![Page 57: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Seafaring Traders
The Minoans
1. Located on the island of Crete in the Aegean, capital at Knossos
2. Named for King Minos, and the legend of the Minotaur
3. Practiced goddess worship, along with bull idolatry
![Page 58: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Minoan Map
![Page 59: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
4. Minoan civilization decline began in 1200 B.C. Natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanoes
5. Possible origin of the mythical Atlantis
![Page 60: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
The Phoenicians
1. Emerged around 1100 B.C. after the decline of the Minoans
2. Located in the area now known as Lebanon
3. Incredible seafarers and traders –
4. Tin, Glass, Murex
![Page 61: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Trade Routes
![Page 62: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Phoenician Contributions
1. First known civilization to sail past Gibraltar – all the way to Britain and around Africa
2. Colonies along entire Mediterranean rim
3. Developed an alphabet – a phonetic writing system – adapted later by the Greeks
![Page 63: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
The Origins of Judaism
Abraham – Father of the Jews
1. Torah – First five books of the Hebrew Bible
Tradition says it was revealed to Moses
Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, numbers, Deuteronomy
![Page 64: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
2. How were the Hebrews treated in Egypt? 150 B.C.: Great Famine Due to Josephs high position, Hebrews were
well treated. A later Pharaoh felt threatened by the large Hebrew population
![Page 65: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
3. Why is Moses an important figure? Led the Hebrews from slavery into the
Promised Lands (Canaan) Delivered God’s laws to the Jews
![Page 66: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
4. What were the achievements of Saul and David? Saul – first king of Israel and Judah David – Saul son in law, great king,
warrior, poet Traditional author of the Psalms
![Page 67: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
5. Why did King Solomon build a great temple in Jerusalem? To be a permanent home of
the Ark of the Covenant Contained the stone tablets of
Moses
![Page 68: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
6. What were the reasons for the division? The Northern Kingdom
was conquered by the Assyrians in 750 B.C.
![Page 69: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
7. Who was Nebuchadnezzar? Babylonian King of Chaldean Dynasty Conquered Jerusalem, enslaved the Jews “Babylonian Captivity”
![Page 70: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
8. What ruler allowed the Hebrews to return to their homeland? Cyrus the Great
![Page 71: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
The Persian Empire – Chapter 4, Section 3 Located in Present Day Iran Most powerful empire neighboring the
Mediterranean for hundreds of years
![Page 72: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
King Cyrus
Expanded the Persian Empire Respected local religions Allowed Jews to return to Israel
![Page 73: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
King Darius
Dealt with revolts in his empire Fervent worshiper of Ahura Mazda
(Zoroastrianism) Built the Royal Road Father of Xerxes
![Page 74: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Both
Created Satraps (governors) to rule provinces
Fought with Lydian Greeks
![Page 75: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Writing for a Purpose
Satraps – officials appointed to rule a province.
Royal Road – road that stretched across Persian Empire. Connected to Silk Road
![Page 76: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Zoroastrianism
Ahura Mazda: Supreme God Zarathustra – the Prophet Universal conflict between good and evil
![Page 77: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
IV. The Origins of Judaism
Importance of the lands along the Eastern Mediterranean
Ancient Names: Canaan Modern Countries: Lebanon, Israel,
![Page 78: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
A. Abraham & the Hebrews
The Hebrews are the people of the Torah (Old Testament) – which tells their history
1. Abraham
2. Moved from Ur to Canaan
3. Early Jewish beliefs Monotheism, began as henotheism Covenant with God (Yahweh) Protection in this world
![Page 79: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
B. Moses & the Exodus
1. Migration to Egypt & later slavery
2. Torah says that Moses led the Hebrews out of slavery
3. Moses and the new covenant with God – the 10 Commandments
4. Arrival in Canaan Judges ruled the 12 tribes The Lost tribes
![Page 80: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
C. Principles of Judaism
Settling in Canaan allowed
1. Observance of Jewish law Dietary requirements Sabbath
2. Observance of matters of faith Monotheism Belief in the prophecies
![Page 81: World History Unit: The Rise of Ancient Civilizations.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061616/5697bf731a28abf838c7ee31/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
D. The Kingdom of Israel
1. Saul2. David – son in law3. Solomon (900s B.C.)
Traded with Phoenicians Built the Temple in Jerusalem
4. Split into Israel (N.) and Judah (S.) Northern kingdom captured by Assyrians
5. Babylonian Captivity (586 B.C.) Destroyed temple, survivors exiled to Babylon Released by Persians 50 years later Beginnings of Jewish messianic prophecy