WORLD HISTORYCHAPTER 9

GERMANIC KINGDOMS

BOARD QUESTIONS

1) WHAT GERMANIC TRIBE RULED SPAIN?

2) WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ROMAN LAW AND GERMANIC LAW?

3) WHY DID CLOVIS BECOME CHRISTIAN?

4) WHERE DID THE FRANKISH KINGDOM RULE?

5) WHAT GROUP IN 500 C.E. CONTROLLED BRITAIN?

BOARD QUESTIONS

1) WHAT IS A KNIGHTS JOB?

2) HOW DO YOU BECOME A LORD?

3) WHAT IS A FIEF?

4) WHAT ARE VASSALS?

5) WHAT IS THE FEUDAL SYSTEM?

FALL OF ROME

• BY 500 C.E. THE VISIGOTHS OCCUPIED SPAIN AND THE OSTROGOTHS HAD TAKEN OVER ITALY FROM THE ROMANS.

• THE WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE HAD BEEN SPLIT UP IT SEVERAL GERMANIC KINGDOMS.

• THE VISIGOTHS AND OSTROGOTHS KEPT THE ROMAN STRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENT.

THE FRANKS

• THE FRANKISH KINGDOM WOULD LAST THE LONGEST OUT OF ALL THE GERMANIC KINGDOMS.

• CLOVIS WAS THE RULER OF THE FRANKS AND HE WAS A STRONG MILITARY LEADER WHO AROUND 500 C.E. BECAME THE FIRST GERMANIC RULER TO CONVERT TO CHRISTIANITY.

FRANKS

• CLOVIS WAS IN A BIG BATTLE AND IT LOOKED LIKE HE WAS GOING TO BE DEFEATED, SO HE PRAYED THAT IF GOD GAVE HIM THE VICTORY HE WOULD MAKE HIS KINGDOM A CHRISTIAN KINGDOM AND HE WON.

CLOVIS

• CLOVIS WENT ON TO CREATE A VAST FRANKISH KINGDOM SPANNING MODERN DAY FRANCE AND WESTERN GERMANY.

• CLOVIS AFTER TURNING CHRISTIAN FOUND A NEW FRIENDSHIP WITH THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH WHICH WAS LOOKING FOR A STRONG KING TO HAVE A FRIENDSHIP WITH.

CLOVIS

• AFTER CLOVIS’ DEATH HIS SONS IN GERMANIC TRADITION SPLIT UP HIS KINGDOM AMONG THEMSELVES.

• THIS BEGAN A VERY PROBLEMATIC CYCLE THAT WILL LEAD TO THE FRANKISH KINGDOM BEING SPLIT INTO OVER ONE HUNDRED KINGDOMS.

GERMANIC SOCIETY

• IN ROMAN LAW IF A PERSON COMMITS A CRIME THAT CRIME IS AGAINST THE STATE AND SOCIETY.

• IN GERMANIC LAW BECAUSE THEIR FAMILY BOND IS SO CLOSE. A CRIME IS PERSONAL AND IS DEALT WITH BY THE FAMILY IN A VIOLENT WAY.

GERMANIC SOCIETY

• THIS LEAD TO VIOLENT BLOOD FEUDS. ONE FAMILY AGAINST ANOTHER WHICH COULD LAST YEARS.

• TO END THIS THE CONCEPT OF WERGILD WAS ESTABLISHED MEANING MONEY FOR MAN.

GERMANIC LAW

• IN GERMANIC LAW THEY BELIEVED DIVINE FORCES WOULD NOT ALLOW AN INNOCENT PERSON TO BE HARMED.

• SO THEY WOULD USE TACTICS LIKE HOLDING A RED HOT IRON OR OTHER PHYSICAL TRIALS THAT WOULD DECIDED A PERSONS INNOCENTS KNOWN AS ORDEALS.

THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH

• DURING THIS PERIOD THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH BECOMES VERY IMPORTANT TO SOCIETY.

• MONKS WERE WELL EDUCATED AND WERE AMONG THE FEW CITIZENS THAT COULD READ AND WRITE.

THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH• BISHOPS WERE SENT TO THE

DIFFERENT KINGDOMS TO GUIDE THEM IN THE CHRISTIAN RELIGION.

• THE POPE WAS THE HEAD OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND BELIEVED TO HAVE THE KEYS TO THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN PAST DOWN FROM PETER.

CHARLEMAGNE AND THE CAROLINGIANS• IN THE 600 AND 700 C.E. THE HEADS OF

THE KINGS HOUSE HOLD IN THE FRANKISH KINGDOMS BEGAN TO TAKE POWER FROM THE KING.

• PEPIN ONE OF THE HEADS OF HOUSE HOLD FINALLY TOOK KINGSHIP FOR HIMSELF AND HIS FAMILY.

• PEPIN’S SON TOOK HIS RIGHTFUL SPOT AS KING AFTER HIS FATHERS DEATH.

CHARLES THE GREAT

• CHARLEMAGNE WAS A VERY DETERMINED AND DECISIVE MAN WHO WAS HIGHLY INTELLIGENT AND CURIOUS.

• CHARLEMAGNE GROW HIS EMPIRE TO COVER ALL OF CENTRAL AND WESTERN EUROPE.

CHARLES THE GREAT

• TO GOVERN HIS KINGDOM HE GAVE NOBLES HIGH POSITIONS CALLED COUNTS. THEY WERE LIKE KINGS IN THEIR LOCAL TOWN.

• TO KEEP AND EYE ON THE COUNTS CHARLEMAGNE MADE ANOTHER POSITION FOR TWO PEOPLE CALLED THE MESSENGERS OF THE LORD KING ( MISSI DOMINICI).

CHARLEMAGNE

• IN 8OO C.E. WITH CHARLEMAGNE HAVING SO MUCH POWER IN EUROPE HE WAS NAMED EMPEROR OF THE ROMANS.

• CHARLEMAGNE DURING HIS RULE REVIVED CLASSICAL STUDIES, PRESERVED LATIN CULTURE, AND ESTABLISHED MONASTIC AND PALACE SCHOOLS.

THE VIKINGS

• NORSEMEN OF SCANDINAVIA OR BETTER KNOWN AS THE VIKINGS.

• THEY WERE OF GERMANIC DESCENT. THEY WERE GREAT SHIP BUILDERS AND A FIERCE PEOPLE.

• THEY BEGAN TO GET TO LARGE OF A POPULATION FOR THE AMOUNT OF FOOD THEY COULD GROW IN SCANDINAVIA.

THE VIKINGS

• IN THE MID 900’S C.E. THE VIKINGS BEGAN TO STEAL FROM VILLAGES IN FRANCE ALONG RIVERS.

• THE VIKINGS DRAGON SHIPS WERE VERY FAST FOR THEIR TIME AND WERE ABLE TO MOVE IN SMALL AREAS.

THE VIKINGS

• THE FRANKISH KING GROW TIRED OF THE VIKINGS ATTACKS, SO HE GAVE ONE VIKING LEADER A PIECE OF LAND ON THE SEINE RIVER KNOWN AS NORMANDY.

• THE FRANKISH KING USED THESE VIKINGS AS PROTECTION FROM OTHER VIKING GROUPS AND ALSO TAUGHT THEM CHRISTIANITY.

THE FEUDAL SYSTEM

• KING - RULER OF A LAND

• KNIGHT - PROTECTOR OF THE KINGS LAND AND LORD OF HIS LANDS GIVEN HIM BY THE KING.

• LORD - RULER OF A PORTION OF LAND GIVEN BY THE KING.

• VASSAL - SERVANT OF A LORD

• SERF - NOT A SLAVE BUT BELONGED TO THE LAND

THE FEUDAL SYSTEM

• FIEF - A PAYMENT OF LAND FROM A LORD TO A VASSAL

• FEUDAL CONTRACT - A STATEMENT OF LOYALTY FROM THE VASSAL TO THE LORD.

• A VASSAL WOULD HAVE TO SERVE PROTECTIVE DUTIES FOR THEIR LORD ABOUT 40 DAYS A YEAR.

THE FEUDAL SYSTEM

• WHEN SUMMONED A VASSAL WOULD HAVE TO SHOW UP TO A LORD’S COURT TO GIVE ADVICE TO THE LORD.

• CHIVALRY - A CODE OF ETHICS THAT KNIGHTS WERE SUPPOSED TO UPHOLD.

THE FEUDAL SYSTEM

• UNDER CHIVALRY KNIGHTS SHOULD ONLY FIGHT FOR GLORY NOT MATERIAL GAIN.

• TO KEEP THEIR SKILLS SHARP, KNGHTS WOULD COMPETE IN COMPETITIONS ALL OVER EUROPE IN DIFFERENT KINGDOMS TO SEE WHO WAS THE BEST KNIGHT.

NORMAN CONQUEST

• OCTOBER 14, 1066 - WILLIAM OF NORMANDY LANDED ON THE COAST OF ENGLAND AND DEFEATED KING HAROLD AND HIS FOOT SOLDIERS AT THE BATTLE OF HASTINGS.

• WILLIAM WAS CROWNED KING OF ENGLAND.

KING WILLIAM OF ENGLAND

• KING WILLIAM - GIVE HIS KNIGHTS PARCELS OF LAND IN ENGLAND AS FIEFS.

• IN RETURN KNIGHTS HAD TO SWEAR LOYALTY TO KING WILLIAM AS SOLE RULER OF ENGLAND.

KING WILLIAM OF ENGLAND

• THE RULING CLASS OF ENGLAND NOW SPOKE FRENCH.

• NORMAN AND ANGLO-SAXON NOBILITY GRADUALLY MERGED INTO A NEW ENGLISH CULTURE.

• KING WILLIAM DEVELOPED A BETTER TAXATION SYSTEM AND ROYAL COURT SYSTEM.

DOMESDAY BOOK

• KING WILLIAM TOOK A CENSUS, THE FIRST CENSUS IN EUROPE SINCE THE ROMAN TIMES.

• DOMESDAY BOOK - THE RECORDING OF THE CENSUS, IT INCLUDED, PEOPLE, MANORS, AND FARM ANIMALS.

HENRY II

• HENRY II INCREASED ROYAL POWER BY TRING CRIMAL AND PROPERTY CASES IN ROYAL COURT RATHER THAN LOCAL COURTS.

• COMMON LAW - LAWS THAT WERE COMMON TO THE WHOLE KINDOM, THESE BEGAN TO REPLACE LAW CODES THAT VARIED FROM PLACE TO PLACE.

HENRY II

• KING HENRY BELIEVED THE ROYAL COURT SHOULD BE ABLE TO TRY CLERICS FOR WRONG DOING.

• THOMAS BECKET THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY, STATED ONLY THE ROMAN CATHOLIC COURT COULD TRY CLERICS.

POWER OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH• KING HENRY II SHOUTED IN RAGE

CAN ANYONE RID ME OF BECKET.

• 4 KNIGHTS TOOK HIM UP ON THIS AND RODE TO CANTERBURY WERE THEY KILLED BECKET.

• THIS OUTRAGED THE PUBLIC AND HENRY WAS FORCED TO BACK DOWN IN HIS FIGHT AGAINST THE CHURCH.

MAGNA CARTA

• THE NOBLES OF ENGLAND WERE MAD AT THE ONGOING GROWTH OF POWER BY THE KING.

• 1215 C.E. - THE ENGLISH NOBLES DEFEATED KING JOHN AND FORCED HIM TO PUT HIS SEAL ON THE MAGNA CARTA OR GREAT CHARTER.

MAGNA CARTA

• MAGNA CARTA - A FEUDAL DOCUMENT, FEUDAL CUSTOM HAD ALWAYS RECOGNIZED THAT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KING AND VASSALS WAS BASED ON MUTUAL RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS.

MAGNA CARTA

• THE MAGNA CARTA GAVE WRITTEN RECOGNITION TO THAT FACT AND WAS USED IN LATER YEARS TO STRENGTHEN THE IDEA THAT A MONARCH’S POWER WAS LIMITED, NOT ABSOLUTE.

PARLIAMENT

• UNDER EDWARD I BEGAN THE DEVELOPMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT.

• PARLIAMENT - TWO KNIGHTS FROM EVERY COUNTY, TWO PEOPLE FROM EVERY TOWN, AND ALL OF THE NOBLES AND BISHOPS FROM THROUGHOUT ENGLAND.

PARLIAMENT

• LATER PARLIAMENT WILL BECOME THE MAJOR SOURCE OF POWER IN ENGLAND.

• HOUSE OF LORDS - NOBLES AND CHURCH LORDS.

• HOUSE OF COMMONS - KNIGHTS AND TOWNSPEOPLE.

• THE PARLIAMENT GRANTED TAXES AND PASSED LAWS. (LIKE CONGRESS)

THE MAKING OF FRANCE

• AFTER THE NORMAN CONQUEST ENGLAND RULED MUCH OF FRANCE.

• THIS LEFT FRENCH KINGS VERY WEAK BECAUSE THEY DID NOT HAVE MUCH MONEY FROM TAXES DO TO THE SMALL LAND MASS THEY RULED.

• PHILIP II WAGED WAR AGAINST ENGLISH RULE IN FRANCE AND GAINED BACK MOST OF THE TERRITORY TAKEN BY THE ENGLISH.

MAKING OF FRANCE

• BY THE 13OO C.E. FRANCE HAD ESTABLISHED ITSELF AS THE LARGEST AND BEST GOVERNED MONARCHICAL STATE IN EUROPE.

• PHILIP IV ESTABLISHED A NEW GOVERNING BODY IN FRANCE KNOWN AS THE ESTATES GENERAL.

ESTATES GENERAL

• ESTATES GENERAL - ESTABLISHED IN 1302 - THE FRENCH PARLIAMENT. MADE UP OF THE THREE SOCIAL CLASSES OF FRANCE.

• ESTATE ONE - CLERGY

• ESTATE TWO - NOBLES

• ESTATE THREE - TOWNS PEOPLE AND PEASANTS.