World History I (0-1500) Virginia SOL Curriculum Chris Anderson Randolph-Henry High School.
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Transcript of World History I (0-1500) Virginia SOL Curriculum Chris Anderson Randolph-Henry High School.
AD v. BC BC=before Christ
Dates go in reverse (ie. 255, 254, 253, etc) AD=Anno Domini (in the year of our lord)
Dates go normally
200 100 0 200100
BC AD
Vocabulary—early HumansArchaeologist
Study “stuff” (artifacts) left behind by early humans—ie. Pottery, tools, buildings, etc.
Anthropologist Attempt to discover the origins of humanity
Hominid Human like creature
Dating Artifacts (“stuff”) “Stratography”
Artifacts location can tell relative age Older artifacts are located deeper in the
soil
Dating Artifacts (“stuff”)Radio-carbon Dating
Can only be used for organic (once living) material
Measures the amount of Carbon 14 left in the material
The First HumansThe First HumansNovember 30, 1974—Dr. Donald
Johanson discovered “Lucy”—a nearly complete skeleton of a pre-historic female She was bipedal—walked on 2 legs Her discovery helped scientists in their
studies for the origins of humans
Australopithecus “Southern Ape”—not really human Lived in humid forests of Africa about 4
million years ago 31/2 to 4 feet tall Bipedal Small brain Flat nose Large teeth
AustralopithecusAfrica’s climate changed about 3 million
yea The climate became cooler and drier Tropical rainforests disappeared and were
replaced by grassy plainsAustralopithecus had to adapt or die out
Larger brained individuals survived
Large Brained HominidsLarge Brained HominidsClassified by the Latin prefix Homo
Homo habilis “Person with ability”
Homo erectus “Person who walks upright”
Homo sapiens “Person who thinks” All people today are in this group
Homo erectus Lived on the ground
Groups of 25-30 High death rates Life expectancy 20
years
Nomadic hunter-gatherers Followed their food
supply
Females gathered fruits, nuts, and seeds
Males looked for dead animals to scavenge—eww!!
Homo erectusHarnessed fire
Cooking heat
Moved into cavesDeveloped clothing from animal skins
Allowed Homo erectus to move to cooler places such as Europe and Asia
Began using real speech
Homo sapiensThe ultimate advancement of humanity
—usTwo different groups of Homo sapiens
developed Neanderthal Cro-Magnon
Homo sapiens--NeanderthalDeveloped in Africa100,000 years ago spread to Eurpe and
Asia 5.5 feet tall Large brains Stocky bodies Thick bones Muscular necks and shoulders
Homo sapiens--Neanderthal Hunter-gatherers Used fire Lived in caves Learned to build
shelters From wood and
animal skins
Buried their dead with tools and flowers
Homo sapiens—Cro-MagnonCro-Magnon
First existed ca. 40,000 years agoLooked like USAppeared 1st in Asia35,000 Cro-Magnon replaced
Neanderthal
Homo sapiens—Cro-MagnonCro-Magnon Known as “tool makers”—excellent tool
making skills Knife Chisel Bone fish hooks Bone needles Stone axe Canoe—allowed for transportation and trade Spear thrower Bow and arrow
Homo sapiens—Cro-MagnonCro-Magnon
N ew Too ls
In c re a se in P op u la ton
M o re fo od
D e ve lop m e n t o f Le ad e rs
O rga n ize d h u n ting
B o w a nd A rrowS p e ar th ro w er
Homo sapiens—Cro-MagnonCro-Magnon Created elaborate
cave art Created sculptures
from ivory, stone, and jade
Migration PatternsHomo sapiens’ larger brains allowed
them to adapt and migrate all over the world
The major factor allowing for migration was the Ice Ages
Migration Patterns Ice Ages
Earth has experience 4 ice ages between 2 million and 10,000 years ago
Earth’s temps. Fell, causing the polar ice caps to expand
Lots of water was need to create the ice—resulted in ocean levels dropping by 300 feet!
Falling ocean levels exposed land bridges between continents and other land masses
Between Japan and Korea Between Great Britain and Western Europe Between Asia and North America
Migration Patterns Ice Ages
Land bridges allowed people to migrate into unoccupied lands
Moving to warmer places Followed herds of animals
Neolithic RevolutionDefinition—a 5,000 year period when
people began to produce their own food through the domestication of crops and animals
The development of farming has been humanity’s most important accomplishment
Farming allowed humans to settle down and create civilizations
Neolithic RevolutionBefore raising crops, nomadic humans
began domesticated animals Dogs—to aid in hunting Goat—milk, meat, hides
Nomadic humans created new tools to help harvest (gather) wild crops Sickle—to cut grasses and wild grains Pottery—to carry harvested foliage
Neolithic Revolution Crop domestication soon followed Early agricultural villages developed near
rivers or in river valleys Different areas of the world grew different
crops Asia—rice North/Central America—corn (maize) Africa—bananas South America—potatoes Middle East—wheat and barley
Neolithic Revolution
Villages tow ns cities
Farming allowed early humans to produce more food, resulting in an increase in population
Neolithic RevolutionEarly farmers created new tools and
techniques to help produce more food Plow—pulled by oxen Fertilizers
Ashes Fish manure
Irrigation
Neolithic Revolution Specialization of labor and technological
advancements developed when early humans produced a stable food supply Loom invented—weaving of cloth Wheel invented—transportation Brick—better building material Metal work—weapons, tools, jewelry Calendars—planting and harvesting times Religion
Neolithic RevolutionArtisans—craftsworkers—were needed
to produce tools for farmers Early man began to use bronze (alloy of
copper and tin) for tools and weapons Bronze was very expensive
Merchants were used to trade agricultural goods for copper or tin
Development of Cities Early cities were structured in a way to
protect the most important individuals In the center—government and religious buildings
The priest lived in the religious building—he was the most important person
The government officials (ruling class) lived just outside the center
Outside the government officials lived the merchants
Outside the merchant lived the artisans City outskirts—farmers, fishermen, and sailors