World History End of Course Test Review

What are the two conflicting ideals of the Cold War?

Democracy – United StatesCommunism – Soviet Union

During the Cold War, who dominated Eastern European countries such as East Germany and Poland?

Eastern European was dominated by the Soviet Union

What method did Gandhi and others used to gain independence and civil rights for all?

Nonviolent civil disobedience

The Nuremberg Trials was a major event in the 20th Century, what did the trials establish?

The Trials established principles of responsibility for human rights violations

Place the following events in order as the happened.

a. Victory in Japanb. Europe surrendersc. Bombing of Hiroshima and

Nagasakid. D-Daye. Invasion of Poland1

2

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5

The Nuremberg Laws lead to what major event during World War II?

The Laws led to the Holocaust

Why did Russia enter World War II?

Russia enters into WWII in response to German invasion

Japan’s industrialization leads to a demand for ________________.

natural resources

Explain the Roosevelt Corollary.

Gave the U.S. the right to intervene if Latin American independence was threatened

Why did the League of Nations fail (not work)?

No power to enforce its decisions

United States did not participate

What is an effect of the Treaty of Versailles?

The terms of the Treaty led to World War II.

What are the causes of the Russian Revolution of 1917?

Incompetent leadership by Czar Nicholas II

Peasants’ demands for land reform

Russia’s defeat in the Russo-Japanese War

High Russian casualties in World War I

What are the 2 reasons the U.S. ended the policy of isolationism and entered into World War I?

Sinking of the LusitaniaThe Zimmerman Telegram – Germany’s attempt to ally themselves with Mexico

List the causes of World War I.

assassination of the heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire

attack on the neutral country of Belgium by the German army

division of Europe into a system of two opposing alliances

Define imperialism. How does mercantilism fit into the idea of imperialism?

Imperialism – land grabMercantilism – for the home country to do all it could do to increase wealth through its colonies

Why do Europeans want to control the Suez Canal?

To establish a direct sea trade route from Europe to east Asia

Compare and contrast Capitalism, Socialism, and Communism.

Capitalism is controlled by free market system

Socialism is controlled by the society as a whole

Communism is controlled by the government.

Otto von Bismarck believed in the concept of _______________.

powerful state

What is the Columbian Exchange?

introduction of new foods to both Europe and the Americas

One of Napoleon’s major achievements left behind, which still influences politics today, is __________________________.

the codification of the law

How did the American Revolution influence the independence movement in South America?

providing an example of a successful colonial rebellion for Simon Bolivar and others to try to repeat

List the protections in the American Bill of Rights influenced by the Magna Carta.

life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness

How are the American and French Revolutions similar?

both favored representative governments

List John Locke’s beliefs.

people are born with unalienable rights

people’s individual rights should be protected by a government

What are the effects from the Industrial Revolution in Europe?

the growth of the middle class

What is the central idea behind the Scientific Revolution?

observation and experimentation

Explain Newton’s theory.

Theory includes the laws of motion and gravitation

Machiavelli’s political writings support what political idea?

absolute power

What is a similarity between the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation?

They create less religious tolerance

Martin Luther established a new religion, which led to _________________.

Protestantism

What are the major characteristics of the Renaissance?

classical cultures of Greece and Rome were revived and imitated

Compare and contrast the art of the Middle Ages and of the Renaissance.

Middle Ages – the Church and salvation

Renaissance – everyday life and family relationships

World History End of Course Test Review

Explain the event that takes place in 1066.

Battle of Hastings ◦Anglo-Saxon England was conquered by William of Normandy

List the causes and effect of the Crusades.

Cause◦to regain the Holy Land

Effects◦the growth of trade◦the growth of towns ◦creation of a banking system

Explain the Feudal system. Know the “Feudal System Pyramid”.

Explain how the Byzantine culture has influenced Russia. Why is Constantinople an important city?

The Byzantine – ◦emperor had absolute power◦emperor was the head of both the state and the church

◦style of architecture was greatly admiredConstantinople –

◦located on an easily fortified peninsula near the Black Sea

◦capital of the Byzantine Empire until the Ottoman conquest

Explain the importance of the Twelve Tables. Why were the Twelve Tables written?

Became a model for future law

Reason - To prevent patricians from abusing their positions

During the Punic Wars, what path did Hannibal take to invade Italy?

From Northern Africa through Spain then over the Alps into Italy

What are some of the achievements of Julius Caesar?

Formed triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus

Conquered GaulNamed dictator over Rome

Define Hellenism.

Greek and Macedonian cultures spread through conquest

Plato believed in a government ruled by an aristocracy, or __________________________.

an intellectual upper class

What was Socrates’ belief toward education? How could this be achieved?

Belief – learn to think for themselves

Achievement – through questioning everything

Who ruled the Greek city-state? What are three Greek words that describe the city-state?

Ruled – by the aristocraciesCity-state – polis, acropolis, agora

Explained the geography of Greece.

Greece’s mountains kept groups of Greeks separated.

Define the term “golden age”.

a period of exceptional prosperity and cultural progress

What is a Doric, Ionic, and a Corinthian?

Types of Greek Columns

List the characteristics of the Ancient China society.

Respect for eldersAncestor worshipCivil service examinations

What is Hammurabi’s Code? How is it related to the Chinese legalism?

Hammurabi’s Code –sometimes laws need to distinguish between social classes

Hammurabi’s Code and Chinese legalism both believe harsh laws are needed to control society

Describe the Phoenician civilization.

Developed the alphabetGreat sailors of the ancient world

Established colonies in Spain and North Africa

Why was government development necessary in early civilizations?

Government is needed to maintain order among soaring populations

Why did the humans settle in the Fertile Crescent?

Its many rivers and rich soil supported crops.

Also known as Mesopotamia

Why is the Rosetta Stone important?

helped decode hieroglyphics

Define commodities.

goods with value for trade

List the ways cultural diffusion happens. What determined the movement patterns of early humans?

Cultural diffusion happened through trade and war

Movement patterns of early humans follow animal migration

List the characteristics of a civilization.

Specialize division in jobsGovernment WritingCultureA belief system

How do archaeologists learn about ancient people?

Through artifacts

Explain the Neolithic Agriculture Revolution.

Discovery of agriculture – food could be grown from seeds which led to permanent civilizations

Hinduism Buddhism Judaism Christianity Islam

Founder

Sacred Text

Type of Religion

Important Cities

Basic Beliefs

Unknown

Vedas and Rig-Veda

Caste System

Reincarnation

Siddhartha

None

Four Noble Truths

Reincarnation

Nirvana

Abraham

Torah

10 Com-mandments

Jesus

Holy Bible

Holy trinity

Heaven and Hell

Mohammad

Quran

5 Pillars of Islam

Prayer 5 times a day

Polytheistic Polytheistic Monotheistic

Jerusalem

Monotheistic

Jerusalem

Monotheistic

Mecca