World History

Chapter Fourteen

Section One

Why Explore?

• People from Europe wanted luxury goods from the East (Asia)

• Items such as: spices, silk, perfumes, medicine

• Europeans wanted a direct trade route to Asian lands

• Why? To cut out the middle men

• To gain more land to settle

Prince Henry

• Sponsored exploration for Portugal• Wanted To:• Conquer and convert Africans to

Christianity• Find riches that Muslims controlled• Find easier path to Asia – sent ships

around the coast of Africa to map it• Bartholomeu Dias – rounded tip of Africa

– Cape of Good Hope

Vasco de Gama

• Explored Farther

• Went around the Cape of Good Hope

• Reached the spice port of Calicut, India

• Many sailors died of hunger, thirst, scurvy

• Sold spices for enormous profit

• Portuguese seized ports in and around India to create a trading empire

Christopher Columbus

• Italian navigator from Genoa, Italy• Wanted: • To reach East Indies (Asia) by sailing

East across Atlantic• Columbus knew the world was round but

underestimated the size of the earth• Spain’s Isabella and Ferdinand agreed to

finance him• Wanted to bring wealth to the country

Columbus’ Voyage

• Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria• Good weather and wind • Food ran low, no land sighted for weeks• Oct. 12th – spotted land and explored

islands for months• Was a hero in Spain and went back to

explore several more times• Eventually realized that they were not

Indies (Asia)

Dividing Globe

• Spain appealed to Pope to claim lands• Line of Declaration – divided non-

European world into two parts • Spain had trading and exploration rights to

the lands west of the line• Portugal had the same rights east of the

line• Spain and Portugal signed the Treaty of

Tordesillas

Amerigo Vespuci

• Italian sea captain wrote a journal about a trip to Brazil

• “America” – named after Amerigo Vespuci• Americas used to refer two both continents of

the Western Hemisphere• Islands Columbus found were called the West

Indies

Ferdinand Magellan

• Left Spain to reach the Pacific ocean• Sailed to South America• Spent months exploring the bays along the

coast• Finally found a passage to the Pacific –

Strait of Magellan• He renamed South Sea – Pacific Ocean

– peaceful

Drawn and Quartered

• 2 captains of ships sailing with Magellan mutinied – did not work

• Dragged on a hurdle (a wooden frame) to the place of execution.

• Hung by the neck for a short time or until almost dead• Disemboweled and emasculated - the genitalia and

entrails burned before the condemned's eyes• The body divided into four parts (quartered) then

beheaded

Magellan

• Crew wanted to return home• Magellan pushed on thinking he would find the

Spice islands in a few weeks• Four months later they reached the

Philippines• Tried to convert natives – was successful with

some • Natives – rejected Christianity – fought –

Magellan shot with a poison arrow, surrounded and killed with spears and knives

Circumnavigate

• Rest of the crew carried on until they reached Spain on Sept. 8th, 1522.

• They were the first people to circumnavigate the globe – sail around the world

• Believed no one would ever do it again

• Almost three years on ships