20th Century US History

UNIT SIX PEOPLE & EMPIRES IN THE AMERICAS, 600-1600 ADWORLD HISTORYUNIT 6, LESSON 1Do Now Unit 6 Work Packets in your binders!!Lecture North American SocietiesNote CheckHonors and WarningsHW: Read Chapter 16, Section 1 and complete Guided Reading Worksheet, Section 1North American SocietiesBackgroundNorth American peoples come from Asia between 40,000 and 12,000 BC, but spread and adapt

Complex Societies in the WestUnlike Mesoamerica, North Americans never created great empiresThey did build magnificent buildings and long-distance trade routesNorth American SocietiesComplex Societies in the WestPeople of the Pacific NorthwestCulture of abundanceResourcesThe seaWhales for hunting in large canoesCoastal forestsShowed their wealth with a ceremony called the potlatch

North American SocietiesComplex Societies of the WestPeople of the Southwest Accomplished BuildersPeople of the Southwest face a harsh environmentHad contact with people from MesoamericaUse of pottery rather than basketsAnasaziBuilt impressive cliff dwellings and pueblosVillage of large houses on top of flat hillsShowed impressive organization and inventiveness Made of stone and adobeLargest Pueblo Bonito had 600 rooms

North American SocietiesWhere?

North American SocietiesMound BuildersEast of the Mississippi River in the woodlandsAround 700 BC the Mound-Builders begin to build large mounds of earth to bury their deadThe Mississippian Culture lasted until the 1500s ADVillages based on farming and tradeCahokia around 1,000 AD, a city of 30,000 people, near present-day St. Louis

North American SocietiesTribes of the NortheastWoodlands peoples clashed over landThe Iroquois Upstate New YorkPolitical alliance or league to promote defense and cooperation Most connections were economic (trade), religious or culturalReligionMost tribes believe in some kind of nature spirits, as well as rituals to promote peace and harmony Totems

Honors & Warnings QuestionsDid I do all my homework?Did Mr. Middleton need to remind me to do my hw?How did I do on quizzes 5.1 & 5.2?What is my attitude like in class?Do I participate in class in a positive way?Do I help other students out in this class?HONORS & WARNINGSFrom last time:Luis W Joey W Nick W William H David H

ImaniTao HONORS & WARNINGSNew:Luis T Joey T Nick W William H David H

Imani H Tao- H HONORS & WARNINGSFrom last time:Ciaran W Susanna H Jacob W Kiefer H OG Max H Austin T Jailene T Alexi H MZT H

GigiJudahJeremiaHangHONORS & WARNINGSNew:Ciaran W Susanna H Jacob W Kiefer H OG Max H Austin H Jailene H Alexi T MZT H New: Gigi H Judah W Jeremia H Hang T UNIT 6, LESSON 2Do NowHW ReviewFree Write HW: Reteaching Activity Worksheet Section 1Do Now1. What was the most important resource for the peoples of the Northwest? Why?

2. For what purpose did the Mound Builder cultures use earthen mounds?

3. Why did the tribes of upper New York form a political alliance? Free WriteWhat kinds of interactions did North American societies have with each other?

What evidence do we have of this?Free WriteWhat kinds of interactions did North American societies have with each other?

TradePolitical Alliances

What evidence do we have of this?

ArtifactsBurial SitesRuinsLegendsUNIT 6, LESSON 3Do Now Notecard activity (terms from section 1) HW ReviewLecture Maya Kings and CitiesNote CheckHW: Binder check, Read Chapter 16, Section 2 and complete Guided Reading Worksheet Section 2Do Now Terms from Section 1Potlach

Anasazi

Pueblo

Mississippian

Iroquois

TotemMaya Kings and CitiesMaya Create City-StatesMesoamericaYucatan PeninsulaBoth dry forest and dense junglesClassic Period250 to 900 ADTikalLarge city in Northern GuatemalaCenter for religious ceremonies and tradeOther citiesOver 50 other cities and sites Each city was an independent city-state, ruled by a god-kingSite of pyramids, temples, palaces, and tens of thousands of people

Maya Kings and CitiesTemple IV Tikal212 Feet TallTallest building in Pre-Columbian North America

Maya Kings and CitiesMaya Create City-StatesAgriculture & TradeCity-states linked through alliances and tradeFarmed maize, beans, and squash Traded goods Salt, feathers, shells, honey Traded craftsCotton textiles and jade jewelryCacao Beans sort of currency

Maya Kings and CitiesMaya Create City-StatesDynasties Successful farming leads to accumulation of wealth and division of classes1. Maya KingA holy figureHereditary position2. Noble classPriests and Warriors3. Merchants and specialized workers4. PeasantsMajority

Maya Kings and CitiesMaya ReligionPolytheisticPracticesDesired to keep the world in balance Made offerings to the godsFood, flower, incense, piercings, their own blood, human sacrifice Math and ReligionEach day was the burden of a particular godImportant to know which god was in charge each day, to predict behavior 260-day religious calendar, as well as a 365-day solar calendarTold the best time to plant crops, to attack enemies, to crown rulers, etc.Very accurate

Maya Kings and CitiesWritten LanguagePreserves HistoryMost advanced in the ancient Americas800 glyphsSome are words, others syllablesRecorded in bark-paper book called a codex (only 3 exist)Popol Vuh book written after arrival of the Spanish about creation

Maya Kings and CitiesMysterious DeclineAround 800, they abandon many of their citiesInvaders from the north move into the lands, but the high civilization disappears

TheoriesWarfare between city-states disrupts trade Population growth and over-farming damages the environment famine

Spanish arrive in the 1500s Maya were already diminished

UNIT 6, LESSON 4Do NowBinder CheckHW ReviewIndependent Work: Reteaching Activity, Section 2Pop Review Main Ideas Questions

HW: Study for quiz on Sections 1-2 (focus on Main Ideas Questions in text book)

Do NowDefine these terms:

Tikal

Glyph

Codex

Popol Vuh BINDER CHECKCheck plus your binder has four sections (class notes, handouts, homework, old quizzes & tests), and has these three things: UNIT 6 WORK PACKET, NOTES FROM YESTERDAY & QUIZ 5.2

Check your binder doesnt have sections, but has everything required

Check minus your binder is disorganized and you cant find what you need

Zero you have no binderMAIN IDEASWhat was the basis of Maya life?

Why was the calendar important for the Maya religion?

What three explanations have been given for the collapse of the Maya civilization? UNIT 6, LESSON 5Take Quiz (26 Minutes)Maya Architecture (quiz each other with questions)HW: Catch-Up, Honors Packet Work

UNIT 6, LESSON 6Do NowLecture The Aztecs Control Central MexicoNote CheckHW: Quiz Corrections (if under a 90%)Must be on a separate sheet of paper, stapled to old quizDo NowWhat have we learned about Mexican history so far?

The Aztecs Control Central MexicoThe Valley of MexicoTodays Mexico CitySite of the greatest empire of Mesoamerica the AztecAdvantages:Fertile SoilAccessible resourcesLarge lakesObsidian green or black volcanic glass, used to make sharp edges

The Aztecs Control Central MexicoThe Valley of MexicoBefore the AztecTeotihuacan large city-state200,000 peopleGiant Pyramid of the Sun Avenue of the DeadDid not try to create an empireThe ToltecsLike other civilizations (pyramids, temples, etc.)Legend of Quetzalcoatl and TopiltzinLeads to exile of followers, legend become relevant laterThe Aztecs Control Central MexicoQuetzalcoatl

Avenue of the Dead

Pyramid of the Sun

The Aztecs Control Central MexicoThe Aztec EmpireAztecs arrive in the Valley of Mexico around AD 1200. (Also called the Mexica)Originally a nomadic people from the harsh deserts of Northern MexicoHow might this have affected them??Aztec founding legendGod of sun and warfare said to look for an eagle on a cactus, holding a snake in its mouthThey found this place on an islandHere they founded the city of Tenochtitlan

The Aztecs Control Central MexicoMexican Coat of Arms

The Aztecs Control Central MexicoAztecs Grow StrongerIn 1428, they joined with two other city-states to form the Triple AllianceGained control over the neighboring areasEmpire (definition: ___________________ )Atlantic to Pacific5-15 million peopleAztec RuleTake tribute from people they conquered But allow local rulers to govern in their own wayThe Aztecs Control Central MexicoNobles Rule Aztec SocietyEmperorNobody looked him in the eye or wore shoes in his presence Nobles own vast estates, which they ruled like lordsPriests and military leaders, as well as govt officialsCommoners Merchants, artisans, soldiers, farmers SlavesCaptivesThe Aztecs Control Central MexicoTenochtitlan Pop of 200,000-400,000 people by 1500 Bigger than London or Madrid Causeways connect the island to the mainlandCanoes were used to bring goods to the huge market at the city centerCenter of the cityMassive, walled complex with palaces, govt buildlings and the Great TempleThe Aztecs Control Central MexicoGroup ReadReligion Rules Aztec Life

Problems in the Aztec EmpireUNIT 6, LESSON 7Do Now Questions and TermsIndividual Work: Guided Reading Section 3ReviewHW: Reteaching Activity, Section 3

The Aztecs Control Central MexicoDO NOW QUESTIONS:1. On what was Teotihuacans power and wealth based??

2. How did the Aztecs rule their empire?

3. Who or what is ?ObsidianQuetzalcoatlTriple Alliance Montezuma IIUNIT 6, LESSON 8Do NowHW Review Reteaching Activity, Section 3Lecture The Inca Create a Mountain Empire Note checkHW: Read Section 4 & Complete Guided Reading, Sect 4

DO NOWWhat do you remember about the history of Peru??

The Inca Create a Mountain EmpireAztecs ruled the Valley of Mexico, while

A new people create an equally powerful state in South AmericaThe IncaBuild an empire tat stretched from Ecuador to ChileLarges to ever exist in the AmericasBuilt on the cultural foundations of the Chavin, Moche, and NazcaThe Inca Create a Mountain EmpireInca BeginningsNomads from the highlands of PeruEventually settle in the Valley of CuzcoDevelop their own small kingdom by the AD 1200s

Pachacuti Builds an EmpirePachacuti takes the throne in 1438Under his leadership, the Inca conquer all of PeruEmpire grew to 16 million people and 80 provincesHow?Diplomacy before attacking they offered an honorable surrender, after an attack they tried to gain the loyalty of the defeated peopleMilitary force used their powerful force only when necesssary

The Inca Create a Mountain Empire

The Inca Create a Mountain EmpireIncan Government how did they do it?Rulers divided territory into small unitsCentral bureaucracyRoad system ties it togetherImposed a single official languageQuechuaGovernment and Incan CitiesTo gain control, the Inca built cities in all conquered areas Architecture of govt buildings was uniform everywhereAll roads led to Cuzco what is this similar to?? Built huge and grand buildings without iron tools or the wheelThe Inca Create a Mountain EmpireTotal control over economic/social lifeRegulated the production and trade of goods (unlike the Maya or Aztecs)Compare to the modern welfare stateAyllu extended family groupTook on big tasks, like irrigation or food storageAyllu groups were divided into 10s, 100s, 1,000s, and 10,000s with a chief at each level chain of commandTributeIncan subjects were made to pay, usually in labor (called mita)

The Inca Create a Mountain EmpireReligion of the IncaReinforced the power of the statePracticesPriests led sun-worship services along with unmarried nunsThe Kind was considered a descendent of the sun-godSacrifice of llamas and other gifts offered to the godsGreat CitiesTemple of the Sun in CuzcoCovered in gold The Sweat of the SunMachu PicchuDiscovered in 1912Isolated and mysterious religious center, ORAn estate of Pachucuti, ORA retreat for rulers or nobilityInti the Sun God

Llama

The Inca Create a Mountain EmpireDiscord in the EmpireHeight of glory is the early 1500sAfterwards a powerful ruler Huayna Capac died of smallpox or other diseaseThe empire was split in two between his sonsThey were jealous of each other and fell into civil warThe Spanish arrived at the end of this war, and took advantage of it to conquer the whole empireThe Inca Create a Mountain EmpireMachu Picchu

UNIT 6, LESSON 9Do NowHW Review Guided Reading, Section 4Classwork QuestionsHW: Study for quiz on Chapter 16, Sections 3-4Do Now Write a Caption!!

The Inca Create a Mountain EmpireCLASSWORK QUESTIONS:1. How were the Inca able to conquer such a vast empire??

2. What methods did the Inca use to create unity among the diverse peoples in their empire?

3. What role did the Mita play in building the Inca Empire?

3. Who or what is ?PachacutiAylluMitaQuipuUNIT 6, LESSON 10Take Quiz (26 Minutes)Work on Building Vocabulary Worksheet (finish for HW)

UNIT 6, LESSON 11Do Now Binder CheckHW ReviewClasstime Catch-Up DayWork Packets (test grade) and Honors Packets are due next day of classIf finished, Word Search for Extra CreditHW: Quiz Corrections (if under a 90%)Must be on a separate sheet of paper, stapled to old quizBINDER CHECKCheck plus your binder has four sections (class notes, handouts, homework, old quizzes & tests), and has these three things: UNIT 6 WORK PACKET, QUIZ 6.1, QUIZ 6.2, LECTURE NOTES

Check your binder doesnt have sections, but has everything required

Check minus your binder is disorganized and you cant find what you need

Zero you have no binderUNIT 6, LESSON 12Collect all HWWatch movieFill out What? So What? WorksheetHW: Make-up all owed HW.UNIT SEVEN WORLD HISTORY