WORLD HERITAGE CITIES OF SPAIN

www.ciudadespatrimonio.org

www.spain.info

www.spainheritagecities.com

PATR

IMONIO MUNDIAL

• WO

RLD

HERITAGE • PATRIMOIN

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ON

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Patrimonio Mundialen España

Organizaciónde las Naciones Unidas

para la Educación,la Ciencia y la Cultura

INTRODUCTION 1

WORlD HeRITage CITIes Of spaIN 3AlcaládeHenares 4Ávila 6Baeza 8Cáceres 10Córdoba 12Cuenca 14Ibiza/Eivissa 16Mérida 18Salamanca 20SanCristóbaldeLaLaguna 22SantiagodeCompostela 24Segovia 26Tarragona 28Toledo 30Úbeda 32

THeMeD ROUTes 34Conferences 36WorldHeritageCitiesandtheSpanishLanguage 40ModernandContemporaryArchitecture 42Naturalareas 44SephardicHeritage 46RomanHispania 50IslamicLegacy 52ReligiousTourism 54RenaissanceCities 58OliveOilTourism 60NauticalTourism 62ActiveTourism 64Golf 66

UsefUl INfORMaTION 68

Publishedby:

GrupoCiudadesPatrimoniodelaHumanidad

©Turespaña

MinisteriodeIndustria,EnergíayTurismo

2ndedition2014

Weprepareandreviseourtextswithgreatinterestinordertobeabletoprovidereliableandup-to-dateinformation.Evenso,takingintoaccountthetimepassedbetweenthedateofcompletionofthetextanditspublication,theremayhavebeenchangesorerrors.Ifyoufindanyerrors,pleasewritetousatinfosmile@tourspain.es.Thankyouforyourcollaboration.

Text:SilviaCastillo

Translation:DavidPugh

Photographs:ProvidedbyGrupoCiudadesPatrimoniodelaHumanidaddeEspaña

Layout:Kokorolab

NIPO:072-13-009-4

D.L.:M-10910-2013

PrintedinSpainby:A&MGráficas

Freecopy

ÚBEDA

SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA

ALCALÁ DE HENARES

TARRAGONA

SAN CRISTÓBAL DE LA LAGUNA

SALAMANCA

ÁVILA

CÁCERES CUENCA

IBIzA / EIVISSA

TOLEDO

MÉRIDA

SEGOVIA

CÓRDOBA BAEzA

INTR

OD

UC

TIO

N

CITIES IN SPAIN DECLAREDASWORLD HERITAGE SITESByUNESCO

REINVENTED CITIES

SpainhastheprivilegeofbeingamongthecountrieswiththelargestnumberofregistrationsinUNESCO’sWorldHeritagelist.TheWorldHeritageCitiesofSpainGroupbeganjoiningtheforcesofthecitiesinvolvedin1993,tocreateanot-for-profitassociationwiththepurposeofactingtogethertoprotectthehistoricalandculturalheritageofthosecities:alcalá de Henares, Ávila, Baeza, Cáceres, Córdoba, Cuenca, Ibiza, Mérida, salamanca, san Cristóbal de la laguna, santiago de Compostela, segovia, Tarragona, Toledo and Úbeda.

Thesefifteencitiesofferanextraordinarylegacy,aswellasmodernspaceswithrenewedinfrastructurestoenhancetheirmonumentalcharacterandmakethemclosertotheircitizens.Theyarereinventedcities,especiallydesignedtolivetheadventureofhistory.Punic,Celts,Romans,Visigoths,Jewish,Arabs,Christians...allthosedifferentcivilisationsandculturesthathavedominatedthepeninsulaanditsislandsoverthecenturies,havelefttheirtracesinthesecitieswiththeirarchitectureandhistory.Thislegacycanbefollowedaroundthecountryinthosetraces,viathethemedroutesdesignedbytheWorldHeritageCitiesofSpainGroup.

Atthesametime,thetouristic,sportsandsocialresourcesofeachcitygivethevisitorthepossibilityofcombiningthevisittotheirhistoricalcentreswithmanyotherentertainmentandsportsactivities,withvisitstolushnaturalareas.Furthermore,onecanattendcongressesandconventions,enjoysomeoftheirmostmodernarchitecturalfeatsortastesomeoftheirmany,diversegastronomicfeatures.

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CITIESAlcAlá de HenAres, ávilA, BAeZA, cáceres, córdoBA, cuencA, iBiZA / eivissA, MéridA, sAlAMAncA, sAn cristóBAl de lA lAgunA, sAntiAgo de coMpostelA, segoviA, tArrAgonA, toledo And ÚBedA.

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DON’T MISS:

UniversityCasadeCervantesMuseumComedytheatreComplutum/CasadeHyppolitusLosUniversosdeCervantesInterpretationCentreSemanaCervantina(CervantesWeek)andQuijoteMarket(monthofOctober)

EasterWeekinAlcaláDonJuaninAlcalá(1stNovember)CervantesAwardCeremony,AbrildeCervantes(23rdApril)

FestivaldeClásicos(monthofJune)

AlcaládeHenareswasthefirstcitytobebuiltasauniversitysiteandwasconsideredasanadaptedversionofthe“CityofGod”.ThecitybecameamodelforothereducationcentresinEuropeandAmerica,asitsboundariesprovidedshelterforthewiseman,feedingtheircreativityandprotectingthemsothatSpanishliteraturecouldbedefinedandenriched.In1547AlcalágavebirthtothemostcelebratednarratorinSpanishliterature,MigueldeCervantes,whowasbornlessthanhalfacenturyafterthecardinalCisnerosfoundedtheuniversity.

ThecitytransformedfromtheancientRomantownofComplutum,totheMuslimAlcaláandlatertoamixedenclaveintheMiddleAges.ThisisanexampleofMuslim,JewishandChristiancohabitationwhichexperiencedanartisticandculturalexplosioninthe16thand17thcenturies.Thisstrongtraceofheritagecanbeseenineverycornerofthecity,asthespiritoftheuniversitynotonlyshapedpeople’sconscience,butcompletelydefinedthecity’sdevelopment.

Thelimestonefacadeoftheuniversity,whichisalandmarkfromtheRenaissanceofSpain,thecourtyardsofSantoTomásdeVillanueva,FilósofosandTrilingüe,SanIldefonsochapel,whichhousesthetombofCisneros,andtheParaninfo(lecturehall),whichhasaMudéjarcofferedceiling,allcomposeanunforgettablesetting.Bywalkingthroughthecity’sstreetsandparksandenteringitschurchesandbuildingsyoucanfollowthesamestepstakenbythegreatthinkersinsearchofinspirationlikeJuandelaCruz,FrayLuisdeLeón,LopedeVega,CalderóndelaBarca,FranciscodeQuevedoandCervantes.

Thecitytreasuresitsabundantandvaluableheritage;withmedievalechoesaroundthePlaza de los Santos Niños,themaincathedralandthefourteenth-centurywalls.Thecity’shistoryrunsdeepinthePlazadeCervantes,theepicentreofthecity;inthearcadesoftheCalleMayor,intheCasadelosLizana,intheColegio de Mínimos,thepresentFacultyofEconomicsandinthePalaciodelosArzobispos(ArchbishopsPalace)inToledo.ItisherewhereChristopherColumbusfirsttoldtheCatholicMonarchshisplantoreachtheIndiesbysailinginastraightline,sixyearspriortodisembarkingintheNewWorld.ThisisoneofmanydreamsthatwereconceivedinAlcalá.

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A RENAISSANCE-STyLE CITyBUILTTOLODGETHEWISEMENOFTHEUNIVERSITyANDINSPIRETHEIRDREAMS.

DE HENARESALCALÁ 1.CALLEMAyOR

2.UNIVERSITy3.COFFEREDCEILINGOFTHE

UNIVERSITy’SPARANINFO4.COMEDyTHEATRE5.MAINCATHEDRAL

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Duetoitsexceptionalcondition,themedievalwallofÁvilaisanextraordinarymonument,whichisuniqueinEurope.Thestonewallenclosesahistoriccitywhichhasexpandedwithinitsboundaries,scatteredwithchurches,conventsandpalaces.Losingyourselfinthestreetsallowsyoutogetatasteofmedievallifeinthe21stcentury.

Ávilawasrebornafterthereconquista,whenitwasrebuiltbytheknights,whoconsidereditasanimpregnablefort.Thetwelve-centurywalldominatesthelandscapeandfromadistanceitmakesthosewhoseeitforthefirsttimeshudderwithfear,duetoits88crenelatedtowers,anditssolidstructureof2500metresinperimeter,12metresinheightand3inthickness.

Withinthewallsofthecityyouwillfindalabyrinthofsmallstreets,quietplazas,churches,palacesandstonypassages,whichrevealitsinteresting past.Thefighting spiritwhichrebuiltÁvilaiswellrepresentedinthecathedral,whichwasstartedinthe12thcenturyandstandswiththesolidarityofafortress.Otherbeautifulreligiousbuildingsarenearby,suchastheSantoTomásmonastery,andtheRomanesquechurchesofSanVicente,SanPedroandSanAndrés.

However,Ávilaalsohasamysticpast.Saint Teresaoccupiesthemostimportantpagesinthecity’shistorybooks,andeventoday,severalconventsofnunsfollowherteaching.Thesixteenth-centuryLaEncarnaciónmonastery,SanJosémonastery,whichhasaversionofthecellwhereTeresahadherrevelations,theSanta

TeresaconventandtheMuseoTeresiano(SantaTeresaMuseum)formpartoftheheritage.

ThelegacyofthesoldiersisalsoanessentialpartofÁvila’sheritage.Thepalace of Los Dávilastandsoutasasymbolofnobilityandpower,andisfoundagainstthecity’swall.Thepalaceisaccompaniedbyothernoblebuildings,suchastheTorreón de los Guzmanes(LosGuzmanestower),andthepalacesofdeLos Marqueses Velada,Los Verdugo,Los DeanesandLos Águila.

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DON’T MISS:

TheWallCathedralSantoTomásMonasteryandtheOrientalMuseum

Legendaryguidedtours,everySaturdayfromJunetoOctober

SantaTeresaConventLaEncarnaciónMonasteryEasterWeekinÁvila.DeclaredaNationalTouristAttraction

Theatreonthewall.DramatisednightvisitsinJulyandAugust

LasJornadasMedievalesdeÁvila(Medievalre-enactments).FirstFridayofSeptember

ÁvilaenTapasContest.LastweekendofJune

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ÁVILA

THEWALLANDITSTOWERSCREATEANUNUSUALLANDSCAPE,PROTECTINGTHISMySTIC AND WARLIkE CITy.

1.LASJORNADASMEDIEVALESDEÁVILA2.CALLEDELACRUzVIEJA3.PANORAMICVIEW4.SANTATERESACONVENT5.DRAMATISEDVISITSONTHEWALL

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Baeza,declaredWORLD HERITAGE CITysince2003,islocatedinthecentreoftheprovinceofJaen,notfarfromtheSierrasdeCazorla,SeguraandLasVillasNaturalPark.Asettlementsinceforgottentimes,theproofofwhichisinthearchaeologicalsitesfoundintheCerrodeAlcázar,thatshowitsevolutionfromprehistorythroughIberian,RomanandMuslimtimes.

Baeza,however,didnotreachitsmaximumarchitecturalandculturalapogeeuntilthe16th

century,duringtheRenaissance,alegacythatisstillpalpablenowadays.ThatwaswhenitsUniversitywascreatedand,aroundit,manynewreligiousinstitutionsappeared,aswellasagreaturgetoerectcivilbuildings.Therewasalsothepresenceofallkindsofcrucialpersonalities,noblemen,clergy,wisemenandsaints;architects,masons,paintersandsculptors;physicians,musiciansandpoetswhowouldturnitintooneofthemaincitiesinthesouthofSpain,anditwasgoingtokeepthispositionforafewcenturiesthereafter.

Thecityspreadsitsmonumentalsplendourbeforethevisitor’seyes.AwalkthroughBaezastreetsisaspectaculararchitecturalmasterclass.From

IsabellineGothictoRenaissance,manystylesarewellrepresentedhere,withsomeexceptionallybeautifulspecimens,suchasthePalaciodeJabalquintopalaceandtheNatividadcathedral.Inadditiontothis,thecityhidesjewelssuchasthechurchofSantaCruz,theonlyRomanesquetempleinHighAndalusia,andeveninterestingIberianartefacts,suchasthesculpturethatcrownstheFuentedelosLeonesfountain.

Still,todiscovertherealBaeza,thebestthingtodoistowalkthestreetsthatpoetAntonioMachadowalkedinhistime,andletthembringusbacktothepastwhilegazingatthemansions,thestatelyhouses,thestreetsandtheirhiddencorners.

Ba

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DON’T MISS:

Easter Week, declaredofNationalTouristInterest.

The Corpus Christi festival(June),whichisverypopularinBaeza.

Feria de Agosto festival,heldtohonourBaeza’sPatronSaint,OurLadyofAlcázar.

Cruces de Mayo festival (firstweekendinMay),setintheoldtown.Thefestivalmaintainstheoldtraditionoferectingshrinesandcrosses.

The Semana Machadianafestival(17thto23rdofFebruary),organisedtohonourthememoryofpoetAntonioMachado.

Celebration of the Anniversary of the city as World Heritage Site

UNIA Escena Baeza (Theatrefestival,7thto18thofJuly)

Summer courses of the Universidad Internacional de Andalucía,

Festival del Cómic Europeo de Úbeda y Baeza (EuropeanComicFestivalofÚbedaandBaeza).(17thto20thofOctober)

Otoño Cultural Flamenco (FlamencoCulturalAutumn)(OctoberandNovember)

Premio Internacional de Poesía Antonio Machado(AntonioMachadoInternationalPoetryContest).(FebruarytoNovember2014)

Festival de música Antigua de Úbeda y Baeza(ÚbedaandBaezaAncientMusicFestival).DuringDecember.

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ITS STREETS, ITS CIVIL AND RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS AREATRUECATALOGUEOFSPANISHRENAISSANCE.ABEAUTIFUL,EDUCATEDANDWELCOMINGCITy.

BAEZA 1.CELEBRATINGTHEDECLARATIONOFBAEzAASWORLDHERITAGECITy

2.INTERIOROFBAEzACATHEDRAL3.LATEROMANESQUERUINSOFTHESAN

JUANBAUTISTACHURCH4.BAROQUESTAIRCASEINTHE

JABALQUINTOPALACE5.MAINCHAPELOFSANFRANCISCO

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DeclaredasthethirdWorldHeritageCityandthefirstinSpain,Cáceressymbolisesanoble cityparexcellenceinthemedieval world.Hereyoucanenjoyawalkalongitsstreets,wherethecolour of the stoneisincontrastwiththeblue sky.

Theabundanceofpalacesandtheheraldicshieldswhichidentifythem,theplazasandchurchesmakeupanintriguinglandscapewhichtakesyoubacktohistorictimes.Nowadays,thecity’sepicentreisthePlaza Mayor,whichwasfirstbuiltin1229andhas

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DON’T MISS:

OldTownofCáceresOldandNewJewishQuartersofCáceresVirgendelaMontañaSanctuaryOpen-airSculptureExhibitioninElPríncipePark

FundaciónMercedesCallesFundaciónHelgadeAlvearRodeoParkVostell-MalpartidaMuseum

beenthevenueforfairs,knightjoustingevents,processions,religiousceremonies,children’sevents,aswellasaromanticspotforlovers.Theplazaissituatedoutsidethecity’swallsandispresidedbytheAyuntamiento(Townhall).Itissurroundedbyporticoedhouses-whichhavebeenconvertedintotavernsandrestaurants–aswellasmonumentslikethe BujacoandLos Púlpitos towersandtheForo de los Balbos,theArco de la EstrellaandtheErmita de la Paz.

FromherethepathbeginstothemostnoblepartofCáceres,startingwiththeco-cathedral of Santa María,whichisessentiallyGothic,buthasRomanesqueandRenaissanceelements.Itisalsothelastingrestingplaceformanynoblemen,whoseimportancecanbeseenbytheproximityoftheirtombstothehighaltar.Thesemenweretheoldproprietorsofthepalacessurroundingthechurch,whichareatestimonytothevarietyofdesignsandarchitecturalelementsconceivedinthisperiod.

Thechurch of San Mateo,whosetowerstandsoverthestatelyhouses,canbefoundalmostatthetopoftheoldquarter.Ashortdistanceawayfromitsplateresquefacadethereisanothercollectionofpalaces,whichcrownanintriguingandcaptivatingcity.

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CÁCERES

THECITy’SRICH STONE ARCHITECTURESHAPESITSPEOPLE’SOPENANDFRIENDLyCHARACTER.

1.LASTRESCULTURASMEDIEVALMARKET2.SANFRANCISCOCULTURALCOMPLEX3.PLAzAMAyOR4.PLAzADESANJORGE

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Córdobasmellsoffreshgeraniumsandorangeblossom,withatasteofspicesandsecretkissesbehindthegrilles,asoundofchurchbells,laughterandthemurmurofwater;aglimpseoftheRoman,Jewish,ArabicandChristiantracesinitsmonuments,andwithawarmtouchofsilk,likeskinofthewomensketchedbyJulioRomerodeTorres.

Thecity’stwo-thousand-yearhistorycreatesawaveofsensations.CrossingtheGuadalquiviroverthesixteenarchesofthePuente Romano(romanbridge),passingtheTorre de la CalahorraandthencrossingthePuerta del Puenteisagreatexperiencetobeginthevisit.

However,Córdoba’sundoubtedgemisthemonumentwhichjustifiesavisittothecity,theMezquita-Catedral(Cathedral-Mosque).ItisherewherethePunics,Carthaginians,RomansandVisigothsallprayed.Amodestbasilicawasfirstbuiltonitsfoundations,whichwasreplacedwiththeMosquebytheUmayyadCaliphateandreconvertedintoacathedralafterthereconquista.

Itwasanintegratingtransition,whichdidnotdestroyitsexceptionalarchitectureofIslamicornamentationandrowsofcolumns.Evenitsbelfry,atthetopofthetowerwhichlooksoverCórdoba,waserectedatthepointwheretheoldIslamicminaretfinished.

Notfarway,youcandiscovertheessenceofCórdobaintheJewishquarter,whosenarrowwindingstreetsleadtothesynagogue,theAlcazar of the Christian kings,theHospital of San SebastiánandtheRenaissanceEpiscopal palace.

Intheoutskirts,wefindtheMedinaAzahara,theruinsofthelegendarypalacethatAbderramánIIIbuiltinthe10thcentury.Accordingtolegend,thepalace’sgardenswereplantedwithalmondtreeswiththeideathatwhentheyflowered,hisfavouriteAzaharawouldresemblethesnowysummitsofhisnativeGranada.

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DON’T MISS:

ConcursoPopulardeCrucesandFestivaldelospatiosCordobeses,declaredIntangibleCulturalHeritagebyUNESCOin2012(May)

NocheBlancadelFlamencoandFestivalInternacionaldeMúsicaSefardí(June)FestivalInternacionaldelaGuitarra(July)ThePassionandSpiritoftheHorseEquestrianShow(allyearround)GreenTriangle:BotanicalGardens,zooandCiudaddelosNiños(allyearround)Fourcultures,fourtemples:RomanTemple,Synagogue,MosqueandCathedral(allyearround)

ArchaeologicalHeritageofMadinatAl-zahra(allyearround)ElAlmadeCórdoba-Nightvisitofthecathedralandoldmosque(allyearround)Córdoba,laLuzdelasCulturas-Water,lightandsoundspectacleintheAlcázardeCórdoba(allyearround)

MercadoVictoria,CentroCulturalCulinario(allyearround)

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CÓRDOBATHECATHEDRAL-MOSqUEOFCóRDOBA,THEJEWISH qUARTER,THEROMAN BRIDGE,THEALCAzAR OF THE CHRISTIAN kINGS,THECOURTyARDSANDGRILLESFORMACITyOFMAGICALESSENCE.

1.ANDALUSIARABICHOUSE2.SyNAGOGUEOFCóRDOBA3.ALCAzAROFTHECHRISTIANKINGS4.CATHEDRAL-MOSQUE,DOMEOFTHEMIHRAB3

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ThestreetsinthehistoriccentreofCuencawindaroundasteephillinharmonywiththelandscape,forminganopenfortresswithtworiversweavingaroundwhichisolateandprotectit.

Thiscityinvitesthetravellertowalkarounditsquarters,tosearchthroughitsstreetsforviewpointstoadmirethebeautyoftheHuécarandJúcargorges,andtocrossthenarrowPuente de San Pablo,whichconnectsittoadesolateconvent,whichisnowtheParador.FromhereyoucanenjoythebestpanoramicviewofthecityandCasas Colgadas(hanginghouses),whosearchitecturedefiesgravity.

TherichandunexpectedcontemporaryspiritofCuencaisconferredbyMuseum of Spanish Abstract Art,whichhousesoneofthemostimportantavant-gardecollectionsinthecountryfromthe20thcentury,aswellasothersymbolicventuresliketheAntonioPérezFoundation.

Ashortdistanceawaywefind;theGothiccathedral,withplateresqueandRenaissance-styledomesandrejería(madefromiron)andmodernglassdoors,thePalacio Episcopal(EpiscopalPalace),whichenclosestheintriguingDiocesan Museum,andthePlaza Mayor,withitspotteryshops.

ThewondersofCuencadon’tfinishthere.ThereisstilltheTorre de Mangana(ManganaTower),whichhasaclocktomarkthepassingoftheseasons,andtheremainsoftheArabfortress,aswellastheJewishquarterandtheold quarter of Santa María.ThePlaza de la Mercedmustnotbemissed,withitschurch,conventandSeminario de San Julián,aswellasthequartersofElAlcázar,ElRetiro,ElSalvadorandLaTrinidad,leadingontoTiradoresandthelowerpartofthecity.

Finally,wemustgobackthesamewayandreturnuphilltotheBarrio del Castillo,toappreciateitsstonestreets,oldhouses,churchesandconvents.TheunforgettableviewsfromtheviewpointsofCamiloJoséCela,ontheRondadelJúcar,FlorencioCañasandHuécar,makeyouappreciatetheperfectunionbetweenlabourofmanandpowerofnature.

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CasasColgadasSpanishAbstractArtMuseumCathedralTheGorgesoftheJúcarandHuécarRiversReligiousMusicWeekSanMiguelChurchSanPabloConventPhotoEspañaAntonioPérezFoundationPuenteSanPablo

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THISHISTORIC CITyCOMPRISESAVANT-GARDE ARCHITECTURE,NATUREANDSTREET-LIFEANDREALITyANDLEGEND.

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1.HUÉCARGORGE2.JÚCARGORGE3.RONDADEJULIÁNROMERO4.CASASCOLGADAS5.CATHEDRAL

Alegendaryportforprivateers,Ibiza/Eivissatowncanbeseenfromadistancethankstoitscolossalsixteenth-centurywallsenclosealabyrinthiandistrictwhichisfulloflife.Bastions,smallwhitewashedhouses,alleyways,churchesandviewpointssetthestageforauniversalandcosmopolitanenvironment,whichisuniquetotheworld.

TheRenaissancefortressofDalt Vila,togetherwiththoseofMaltaandTerceiraIslandintheAzores,representsoneofthebestpreservedexamplesofbastionfortification.ItwasusedbyFelipeIIasamodelforthefortresseswhichwouldlaterbebuiltinCartagenadeIndiasandPuertoRico.Itsbastions,whichareconnectedbyhighandsolidstretchesofwall,formastar-shapedstructurewithsevenarrowheadsontheends.Allofthemarenamedaftersaintsandallowyoutoseespectacularviewsofthecity,theport,someofthebeachesandtheneighbouringislandofFormentera.Thehistoric enclosurealsoholdsanopen-airexhibitionwhichinformsthevisitorabouttheisland’slonghistory.

Aiboshim,thecityofBes,wasfoundedbythePhoeniciansinthe7thcenturyB.C.AfterthedestructionofCarthage,theRomanstookthecityandthentheVandalsandtheByzantines.LateritformedparteoftheAl-Andalus,untiltheCatalansreconquereditinthe13thcentury,makingitChristianland.ThetraceofallofthesecultureslivesontodayinIbiza/Eivissaandinitswalls,builtonstretchesoftheoftenvisibledefencewhichwasbuiltbypreviouscivilisations. Thecharmingfortifiedenclosuregoeswiththesmall

streetsaroundtheportinthequartersofLa MarinaandSa Penya,scatteredwithgrocer’sshopsandbars,alongwithartgalleries,exclusiveclothesshopsandlivelyterracesformingthisexotichotchpotch,whichissocharacteristicoftheisland.

Almostintheshadowofthewalls,wefindtheNecrópolis de Puig des Molins,whichhasseveralhypogeaandtreasure,datingbackfromthePhoenicianstotheIslamists,whichisexhibitedintheArchaeological Museum,nexttothecathedralintheupperpartofDaltVila.Thewallsandtheold“cityofthedead”formpartofthecollectionofitemsdeclaredasaWorld Heritage Site,alongwiththePhoenicianSa CaletainthetownofSantJosep,andtheposidoniameadowswhicharebetweenIbiza/EivissaandFomenteraintheSes SalinesNatureReserve.TheseareanimportantsourceofoxygenfortheMediterranean,aparadisefordiversandtheoriginoftransparentwatersandthesandyspotsofthebeaches.

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AwalkthroughthepavedstreetsofDaltVilaSea-life:spectacularseabedsMuseums:Fromarchaeologytocontemporaryart

MedievalIbiza/Eivissa(secondweekendinMay)

InternationalJazzFestival(July)ClassicalConcerts(SymphonyOrchestra,WindBandandCiudaddeIbiza/EivissaChoir)

LocalHolidays(5thand8thAugust)AwalkaroundthehistoricquarterofLaMarina:Adlibfashion,craftsandlocalcustoms

GastronomyofIbiza/EivissaNaturewalks

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ANExTRAORDINARy STONE FORTRESS,RISINGOVERTHEMEDITERRANEAN,SHAPEDByTHEPHOENICIANS,ROMANS,ARABSANDCHRISTIANS.

IBIZA/EIVISSA

1.DOMESOFSANTODOMINGOCHURCHINDALTVILA

2.SEABED3.DALTVILA4.DALTVILA,PANORAMICVIEW

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Visitthecity’sarchaeologicalheritageEnjoythevarietyofcollectionsinthecity’smuseumsExperiencetheFestivaldeTeatrodeMérida(MeridaTheatreFestival),heldintheRomantheatreFeelthepassionofVíaCrucis(StationsoftheCross)whichtakesplaceintheRomanamphitheatreAppreciatethemajesticmeadowsthatsurroundthecityExperiencetheevolutionofthecityonwalkthroughthegardensalongtheriverGuadiana,whereyoucanseehistoricremainsandavant-gardebuildings

WalkaroundtheilluminatedareaoftheRomanremainsatduskEnjoythestreetmusiciansandperformancesintheCarnavalRomano(RomanCarnaval)Visittheworkshopsofthecity’srenownedpottersandcraftsmenSamplethetypicaldishesofMerida’sgastronomy

AugustaEmeritawastheprecursoroftheRomanisationofthemostwesternpartofHispania,administrativelyconstitutedastheprovinceofLusitania.ItwasfoundedduringthefirstyearsoftheEmpireofAugustus,whentheRomancivilisationhadfullydeveloped,overcomingthelimitsimposedbytheoldRepublic.Thecityroseasadrivingforceofinnovationsthatwerepreviouslyunknownintheseterritories,innovationsincivilandmilitaryengineering.Thecityhasone of the longest and best conserved Roman bridges,anditmaintainsalotofstretchesofthewallwhichenclosedandennobledit,aswellasdamsandwaterspipes.

Intermsofpoliticalinnovations,Meridahashistoricareaswherethecuriaandsenatewereoncelocated,andbasilicasandcolossalchurches,whichwereusedfortheofficialcultsoftheempire.Intermsofreligious innovations,religionsfromallovertheempirewereestablished,witheachoneleavingitsstamponthecity(suchaschurches,votiveandcultobjects,tombs).Ludic innovationscanbeclearlyseeninthebestpreserved

buildingsonthepeninsulaforhostingspectacles,likethehippodrome,thetheatreandtheamphitheatre.Town planning innovationsarevisibleinthecomfortofthecity,withwell-plannedstreetswhicharescatteredwitharcades,aswellasthesewernetworkwiththecapacitytoevacuatethewaterfromthehouses,publicbuildings,especiallythethermalbaths,andindustrialfacilities.

However,theseinnovationsaremostevidentinthehouses,notonlyinthewaytheywerebuilt,butalsointheirdistributionanddecoration.Toappreciatethis,youshouldvisittheNational Museum of Roman Art,whichhasoneofthebestcollectionsofmosaicsandparietalpaintinginEurope.

Whenweaddtheinnovationsbroughtfromnewcultures,kingdomsandempires,uptothemostrecentaspectsofMerida,capitaloftheAutonomous Region of Extremadura,theresultisthishistoriccitywhereyoucanloseyourselfinitscollectionofmonuments.

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MÉRIDA

ROMEBUILTCITIESINITSOWNIMAGE.MERIDAISAREFLECTIONOFWHATTHISMEANTANDSTILLMEANSTODAyFORTHEWESTERNWORLD-THE GREATEST EMPIRE OF THE ANTIqUITy.

1.ROMANTHEATRE.MÉRIDATHEATREFESTIVAL2.NATIONALMUSEUMOFROMANART3.ROMANAMPHITHEATRE4.LOSMILAGROSROMANAQUEDUCT

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plateresque façade,whichcontainsahiddenfrog,thepatio de las Escuelas Mayores (Higher Schools courtyard),theHistorical Library of the University of SalamancaandtheLesser Schoolscomprisethecity’smostsymbolicspaces.

TheuniversityalsogaverisetoasecondcathedralinSalamanca.ThebeautifulRomanesqueLaVieja(OldCathedral),whichhasaMozarabictowernamedtheTorredelGalloandauniquealtarpiece,becametoosmallafterthearrivalofthenewstudents.TheconstructionofLaNueva(NewCathedral)beganinthe16thcentury.Thedesignfollowedthatofitspredecessor,butwasbuilttobewiderandhigher,becomingoneofthelatestGothiccathedralsinSpain.

However,youmustkeepmovinginSalamanca,astherearesomanyhiddentreasurestobefoundineverycorner.TheCasa de las Conchas(HouseofShells),thecosyPlaza Anaya,theconvents of Las Claras and Las Dueñas,theCasa de las Muertes(HouseofDead),theTorre del Clavero(CloveTreeTower),Monterrey PalaceandtheCasa Lisareallworthseeing.

Salamancaisacitywith two cathedralsandPlaza Mayor(MainSquare)whichseemslikethecentreoftheworldduetoitsmagnificenthistory.Strollingthroughthestreetsandareasofthemonumentalcityletsyouexperiencethehistory,religionandwisdom.

ThestoneremainswhichadornthearchesofthePlaza Mayorpaytributetothethinkers,conquerorsandsoldiers,suchasUnamuno, Cervantes, PizarroandHernán Cortés.Thisremindsthevisitorthattheyareinacityoflegends,whichwasanepicentreforthethinkerintheoldEuropemanyyearsago.Thesplendourofthisopenspace,thewidestinthehistoriccentre,sustainstheperfectbalanceofavarietyofdetails,makingitarguableoneofthebestplazasintheworld.

Themagnificenceofthecitymustbecreditedtotheuniversity,whichistheoldestinSpainandmadeSalamancagrowlikenobodycouldhaveeverexpected.Itsmostimportperiodwasinthe15thand16thcenturies,withthebrillianceofitsteachersFray Luis de León, Francisco de Vitoria and Unamunoatthehead,iscombinedwiththeimpactofitsarchitecture.The

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TheatmosphereofthePlazaMayorTheUniversityIeronimus(Medievaltowersofthecathedral)ScalaCoeli.ClimbthetowersoftheClergyCuevadeSalamanca,theotheruniversityArtNouveauandArtDecoMuseum(CasaLis)HuertodeCalixtoyMelibea(Orchard)AsculptureofanastronautinthecathedralTheshellsoftheCasadelasConchasThegastronomyNightlife

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THECONTRASTOFTHEyOUTHFULSPIRITOFTHEUNIVERSITyANDTHEAGEOFTHESTONECANBESEENINACITyOFBEAUTyANDkNOWLEDGE.

1.TOWERSOFTHECATHEDRAL.IERONIMUS2.TOWERSOFTHECLERGy3.CASALIS-ARTNOUVEAU-ARTDECOMUSEUM4.PLAzAMAyOR

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LaLagunawasoncethemostimportantcityoftheCanaryIslands,withoverfivecenturiesofhistoryandthreeofthemasthecapitalofTenerife.Itisanon-fortifiedcity,withawell-structured town planwhichisstillintact,thatcontainsoversixhundredMudéjar-stylebuildings,andisthedirectprecedentofthemetropolisesfoundedintheNewWorld.

Itsorigindatesbacktothe15thcentury,aftertheSpaniardsdefeatedtheAborigines.Atthatprecisemoment,FernándezdeLugobecamegovernorandtookupresidenceintheValledeAguere,inthefertilelandsituatedbyalakeatanaltitudeofsixhundredmetres.HenamedtheplaceSanCristóbal.

Hisfirstorderwastheconstructionofthechurch of La Concepción,whichhasastonetowerwithasquarebase,nexttowhichthefirsthouseswerebuilt.Soonafter,hedecidedtomovehisresidencetoanearbyenclave,VilladeAbajo,meaningthatthecityaroseintheplacewhichistodayoccupiedbythePlaza del Adelantado.

Thedistributionofthestreets,churches,conventsandpublicbuildingswasconceivedandplannedwithgeometric precision,followingthephilosophicprinciplesofPlato’s lawsandwaslatermarkedoutinstraightlinesontheground.Theprojectwouldcover75hectaresandshelter6000citizens,establishingaterritoryforcultivationforeachfamilywithinitsestablishedlimits.

Thechurch of San Agustíncomprisesthegeometriccentreofthecity.Fromthispoint,thelocationoftherestoftheecclesiasticbuildingswasdecided,likethoseofSanBenito,SanFrancisco,SantoDomingoandSanJuan.

Thischarmingcity,designedformantolivein,enticestoexperienceitshistorybywalkingalongthestreetswhereyoucanfindsimple colouredhousesincontrastwithpalaceswithquietcourtyards,fullofplants.IncludedamongthemostbeautifulbuildingsofthiscolonialcollectionwefindtheCasa Salazar,thePalace of Lercaro,andtheformer convent of San Agustíno,theCasa Montañés.

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AwalkaroundthecolouredstreetsofthecitycentreDuskonthecoastofBajamarandPuntadelHidalgoThepapasarrugadasconmojo(potatodish)alongwithlocalsoups

ThespectacleofHolyThursdayThecloisteroftheformerconventofSanAgustínThecarpetsofflowersthatcoverthestreetsonCorpusChristi

ThelivelystreetsfortheRomeríadeSanBenito(areligiouscelebration)

TheFestivityofChristandthefireworksVisittheAnagaarea,anaturalwonderandgemoftheCenozoicera

Drinkahotbarraquito(averypopularcoffeedrink)

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AMETROPOLISOFIMPECCABLE GEOMETRyANDINSPIRATIONTHATPLATOWOULDHAVEDESIREDFORTHECOLONIALCITIESOFTHENEWWORLD.

DE LA LAGUNASAN CRISTÓBAL

1.CALLELACARRERA,CARPETSOFVOLCANICLAVAANDFLOWERSFORCORPUSCHRISTI

2.WALLOFTHECONVENTOFSANTACATALINA

3.CALLEOBISPOREyREDONDO,THEOLDCALLEDELACARRERA

4.ENTRANCETOTHECHURCH-CONVENTOFLASCLARAS

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ThejoyofthepilgrimswhohaveconcludedtheirjourneypervadesthestreetsofSantiagodeCompostelaatallhoursoftheday,everyday.Fewcitieshavebeenconceivedanddevelopedwiththeideaofreceivingthetraveller.ThismakesSantiagoanopen,universalandwelcomingcity,whereitsrichhistoryandatmosphereonitsstreetsliveinperfectharmony.

ThePraza do Obradoiroistheepicentreofthecity.Thisisanextraordinarymonumentwhichseemsasifitwascreatedtostimulatethestrongestsensationsofspiritualityinthetraveller.Thecathedralpresidesovertheplaza.ThisisanexampleofaRomanesquechurchofpilgrimage,whichwascreatedinordertoshelterhundredsofpilgrimswhostillheadtowardsthehighaltartoemotionallyembraceSantiagoeventoday.Likethecity,ithasbeentransformedoverthelast900years,

comprisingabalancedmixofmovementsandstyles.ItsPortico de la GloriaisaRomanesquemasterpiece.Thebaroque-style Obradoiro façadeisalsospectacular,aswellasthesharp-pointedroofsandtheBotafumeiro, the censer,whichspreadsitspurifyingaromaataheightoftwentymetresasitswingsandisthebiggestofitskindintheworld.

Intheareaaroundthechurchwecanfindothermonumentsofcarvedgranite.TheHostal dos Reis Católicos,anoldhospitalforpilgrimswhichiscurrentlyaParador;theenormousSan Martiño Pinario Monastery;thePraza da Inmaculada,homeofthejetartisans;thePraza da quintanaandthePraza das Prateríasarealllocatedinthiszone.

Santiagoisnotonlyspirituallyimportantbutalsoacademically,asithasauniversitywhichisfivehundredyearsold.Itsstudents,whomakeupaquarterofthepopulation,fillthestreetsandplazaswiththeiryouthfulspirit.Itssitecomprisesanunforgettablecollectionofhistoricalbuildings,withitsplaza,church,FacultyofGeographyandHistoryandtheschoolsofFonsecaandSanWerome.

youmusttakeawalkaroundthecity’sstreets,whicharelikeamedieval labyrinthoftavernsandarcadesandcatchaglimpseoftheancestralhousesontheRúa do VilarandRúa Nova.Itscounterpoint,themarket,iswherewomenfromthecountrysidecometoselltheirdelights,whichtheyhavecultivatedthemselvesunderthestonearches.Afterthat,youmustseethegreensideofSantiago,whoseparksarecarefullylookedafterandhavebeenplantedwithtreesfromtheconfinesoftheworld.

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VisittheroofsofthecathedralMixwiththepilgrims,marvelatthePórticodelaGloriaandembracetheApóstolVisitclothesshopsofGaliciandesignerslikeAdolfoDomínguez,PurificaciónGarcía,RobertoVerino,AntonioPernas,BimbayLolaandzara

VisitthemarketofthePrazadeAbastosBemovedbytheBotafumeirowhilstyouhearthesoundofthebaroqueorganSamplethelocalseafoodandpie,andtastetheAlbariñoorRibeirowineinoneofthetypicaltavernswhilsttakinginthenight-timeatmosphereofthecity

EscapetothenearbyestuariesandgreenGalicianforests,wheretheCaminodeSantiagopassesthrough

GototheViaStellaeconcertinamonumentalsettingandblendinwiththestudentatmosphereAdmirethefireworksonthe24thJulyfromthePlazadeObradoiro,declaredFiestaofInternationalTouristInterest

Admiretheviewsofthehistoriccityfromtheleafyparksandgardens

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AREAL GEMATEUROPE’SEND.THEDESTINATIONFORALLROUTESOFCHRISTIANITy’SMOSTIMPORTANTPILGRIMAGESINCEITSBEGINNINGINTHE10THCENTURy.

DE COMPOSTELASANTIAGO

1.APOSTLEFIREWORKS2.SPIRALSTAIRCASEOFTHEPOBO

GALEGOMUSEUM3.PRAzADEOBRADOIRO4.PANORAMICVIEWFROMALAMEDA5.PóRTICODELAGLORIA

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ThefirsthistoriansdefinedSegoviaasastoneship,strandedinthemiddleofaplateau,whichseemstobewaitingforthetwosurroundingrivers,theClamoresandEresma,tooverflowandmakeitsailaway.Segoviaisajubilantandfriendlycity,wherethevisitorexperiencesajourneythroughtime.Themonuments,thehistory,thelabyrinthofstreets,thenatureofitssurroundings,thedeliciousgastronomyandthewarmpeoplewhoareproudoftheirlandmakeSegoviaanunforgettableplace.

Beforeyouwalkthroughthecity’shistoricstreets,itisworthobservingitsenigmaticoutlinefromadistancewherethefairy-talelikeAlcázardominatestheview.Thelandscapecanbemadeoutfromthesurroundingfertileregionandravinesofthegreenvalleys,whoselinescanbefollowedtothemagicalmonuments,likethefifteenth-centurymonasteryof San Antonio El RealandthesolidRomanesque-stylechurchesofSan MillánandVera Cruz.

PassingthroughthearchesoftheRomanaqueduct,whichstandsatanimposing28metres,isoneofthemostspectacularsensationsSegoviahastooffer.Thisstrikingmonumentfedtheentrailsofthecitythroughthecanal,withthefreshwaterfromthemountains.

Afteryou’veseenthisRomansymbol,takeanotherleapbackinhistorytotheMiddleAgesbyfollowingtheCalleRealtothePlazaMayorandobservingthearchitectureoftheCasadelosPicosandthePlazadelasSirenas,withtheparishchurchofSanMartínandthetowerofLozoya.OnceinthePlazaMayoryouwillseethedominantcathedral,withitsbeautifulapse,hightowerandilluminatedinterior,wherethesandstoneturnsagoldencolouratdusk.

Onceyou’rewalkedaroundtheJewishquarterandseenthelargebrickhouses,youcometothe wall.Fromherewecancontinuethroughthenoblequarters,toseeLaTrinidadparishchurch,SantoDomingoconventandSanEstebanchurchuntilwereachtheAlcázar.Thisisthecity’scloister,whichhassharp-pointedturrets,makingitseemlikesomethingfromachivalricfantasy.

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TheAqueductThelightatduskinSegoviaTheplazasoftheenclosedarea:PlazadeSanMartínandPlazaMayor

TheJewishQuarterCasaMuseodeAntonioMachado(Museum)TheRomanesque-stylearchitectureElBalcóndelaMirada:ValledelEresma-Miradordezamarramala

TheAlcázarCulturalFestivalsThegastronomyandnight-timeinSegovia

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ANASTOUNDINGCITy,HOMETOTHREEOFTHEGREATTREASURESOFWORLDHERITAGE:THE ALCÁzAR, THE CATHEDRAL AND THE AqUEDUCT.

SEGOVIA 1.AQUEDUCTOFSEGOVIA2.ANORAMICVIEWOFTHECATHEDRAL

ANDALCÁzAR3.PANTOCRATOR.SANJUSTOCHURCH4.AREALVIEWOFTHECATHEDRAL

ANDALCÁzAR

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TarragonaLivingHistory-JulytoSeptember:AnexcitingjourneybackthroughTarragona’sRomanpastbymeansofthishistoricalreconstruction.

EasterWeek(declaredFiestaofInternationalTouristInterestbytheGeneralitatofCatalonia)

TarracoVivaFestival(secondhalfofMay)Beachesandcovesofcrystal-clearwater,andfinegoldensand

ThedistrictofElSerralloandthecityportFireworks(firstweekofJuly)SantaTeclaFiesta(secondhalfofSeptember)AbalconyviewoftheMediterranean,whereyoucanadmiretheRomanAmphitheatreandtheport

PlazadelaFontRamblaNova

TracesoftheRomanEmpirecanbefoundineverycornerofTarragona.Thestreets,buildingsandplazaspreservethesplendourofitscivilisationandsuggesthowthecityonceappeared,alongwithCorduba,thefirstRomancapitalonthepeninsula.

Intheyear218B.C.theRomanlegionsmadeTarracotheirmostimportantoperationscentreandbuiltthefirst Roman wall.Sometowers,liketheMinerva,andstretchesofthiswallstillremain,defyingthepassingoftime.

TheRomanpresenceissopowerfulthatithasshapedtheurbandevelopmentofthemetropolisoverthecenturies.Theformofthecitywasmarkedbytheenclosing walls,themedievalcathedralhousedtheold prayer assembly area,thebustlingmedieval streetsdevelopedintheold Foro de la Provincia(Romanforum)andthevaults of the circusbecameshops,plazasandrestaurants.

Thepresent-daymarketisfoundnexttowhatwasonceagreatRomanshoppingcentre,theForodelaColonia,theheadquartersofthelocalGovernmentintheformofaporticoedplazawhichhousespublic,civilandreligiousbuildings,decoratedwithstatuesofnoblefamilies.

Theregion’sterritorieswereadministeredfromtheForodelaProvincia,whichwasbuiltaroundtheyear73A.D.,inVespasiantimes.Intheurbanareawefindthetempleforworshipingtheemperorintheupperpart,ahugeplazasurroundedbyarcadesandgalleriesinthemiddlepartandthecircusinthelowerpart,wherechariotscompetedindangerousraces.

Ontheoutsideofthecity,wefindtheamphitheatre,withitssectionofstandscarvedintotherocky

slope,fromwhichthefightsofthegladiatorswereapplauded.Inthesurroundingareas,wecometotheCantera del Mèdol(ElMédolRomanQuarry),asourceofmaterialforRomanurbanconstruction;thestrategicaqueductofLes Ferreres,Los Escipiones Tower,theBerá Triumphal ArchandtheRomantownsofEls MuntsandCentcelles,whereyoucanseestatues,frescosandmosaics.

AlthoughTarragonastillhassomefeaturesoftheformerTarraco,andisauniqueenclaveforanexperiencingRome,itpreservesotherhistoricalinfluences.TheRomanesque-Gothiccathedral of Santa MaríaandtheJewish quarter,thestatelyCasa de CanalsandCasa Castellarnauanditscollection of modern architecturehaveallplayedtheirpartinshapingthecity.

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INROMANTIMESTHECITyWASNAMEDTARRACO,WHOSELEGACyTODAyISONEOFTHEMOSTSPECTACULARINTHEMEDITERRANEAN.

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1 1.SANTATECLAFIESTAS2.ROMANAQUEDUCT3.CATHEDRAL4.CITyOFTARRAGONA5.ROMANAMPHITHEATRE

ThemillenniumcityofToledowasnamedcapital city for Culture of PeaceanddeclaredaWorldHeritageCitybyUNESCOin1986.Ithasauniqueandhistoricheritagethankstothepresenceofthethree cultures,Arab,JewishandChristian,whichlivedtogetherinpeaceforcenturiesandprovidedanexampleofuniversaltolerance.

InToledo,thepeopletradedinHebrew,ArabicandSpanish,anditisherewhereAlfonsoXElSabio(TheWise)createdtheEscueladeTraductores(SchoolofTranslators).Thiswasanextraordinarymovementtowardsculturalcoexistence,whichallowedthegreatthinkersoftheOldWorldtobetransferredtoSpanish.

ThecitywasmodelledaroundtheriverTagus andisprotectedbyaconjunctionofravinesandwalls.ThegreatPuerta de Bisagra(Bisagragate),withadouble-headedeagleatthetop,isthemostemblematicthresholdofthisjourneythroughtime.However,theRoman AlcántaraBridge,San Martín Bridge,theRenaissance-style Puerta del Cambrón(gate)andtheSaracen gate of Alfonso VImeanthatitisnottheonlyone.

Toledo’surbanskylinehastwolandmarksthatstandout;thecathedralandtheAlcázar.Thecathedralwaserectedontheremainsofthegreatmosque.ItisessentiallyaGothic-styleconstruction,buthastouches

ofRenaissanceandbaroquestylestoo.Itshightower,thefiligreestonegates,theextraordinarychoirandvestrywithfrescosbyGiordanoandcanvasesbyElGreco,Caravaggio,Rubens,VanDyckandGoya,standoutamongotherthings.TheAlcázar(fortress)islocatedonthehighesthillinthecity,andisthepresentsiteoftheNationalArmyMuseum.ItwasamilitarybastioninRomantimes,aMuslimcastleandthenreconvertedintoaroyalpalacebyCarlosV,inthe16thcentury.

Thecity’sextraordinaryheritageisboostedbyMudéjar churches,monasteriesandsurprisingmonumentslikethechurch of Santo Tomé,whichishometothefamouspaintingbyElGreco,theBurialoftheCountofOrgaz.youcanalsoseetemplesofotherliturgies,suchasthemosques of El Cristo de la Luz,El SalvadorandTornerías,andthebeautifulsynagoguesofSanta María la Blanca, El Tránsitoandtheold main synagogue.ElTránsitowasonceknownasthesynagogueofSamuelha-LevíandistodayhometotheSephardic Museum.youcanalsofindromanticRenaissance-stylepalaces,cigarralesstatelyhouses,oldconventsandchurches,viewpoints,smallsquaresandquietcorners.

ToledoisaniconofimperialSpain,anddiscoveringtracesofitssplendourineverypartofthecityisamovingandunforgettableexperience.

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Renaissance-styleTaverahospital“RutasPatrimonioDesconocido”(UnknownHeritageRoutes)ofToledo

SanRománchurch.MuseumofCouncilsandVisgothicCulture

EasterWeekinToledo.DeclaredFiestaofNationalTouristInterest

BigWeekinToledo:SolemnProcessionofCorpusChristiinToledoandthevisitsofthecourtyardsonthedayoftheCorpus(nineweeksafterEasterSunday).DeclaredFiestaofInternationalTouristInterest.

ToledoInternationalMusicFestival(May/June)

SephardicWeekinToledo:EuropeanDayofJewishCulture(thirdweekendofSeptember)

MusicoftheThreeCulturesInternationalFestival(August)

JazzFestival(September)TapasDay(November)

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SITUATEDONTHEBANKSOFTHERIVERTAGUS,TOLEDOISACITy OF THREE CULTURES,WHEREARTANDKNOWLEDGECOMETOGETHER.

TOLEDO 1.PANORAMICVIEW2.ELENTIERRODELSEñORDEORGAz

(THEBURIALOFTHECOUNTOFORGAz)3.SHELTEROFSANTACLARA4.SHELTEROFSANTODOMINGO5.SANMARTÍNBRIDGE

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Aseaofolivetreessurroundsthecitythathasbeencalled“theMoorishqueen”,“modest”and“astounding”.Úbeda,foundedbytheArabsonprehistoricandRomansettlements,hasastonishedthevisitorforcenturies,butonlyblossomedintheRenaissance.

Amonumentalcityparexcellence,ithas48outstandingmonumentsandninebuildingsthathavebeendeclaredNationalMonument,aswellasafurther19classifiedasAssetsofCulturalInterest,inadditiontootherarchitecturaltreasures.

AlthoughthecityhaspreservedalmostinitsentiretytheoriginalMuslimplan-basedonanexternalperimeterwall,whichcircumscribedthemedievalcityandthatnowadaysisthelimitofmostofthehistoricalcentre-itwasduringtheRenaissancewhenÚbedabecamewhatitistoday,duetoitsrelationshipwiththeempireofCarlosIandtotheworkofgreatartists,likearchitectAndrésdeVandelvira,whosecreativityinterpretedHumanisminapersonalwayandwithunparalleledartisticquality.Itspalaces,churches,conventsandsquaresareproofofit.

SomeofthemostoutstandingRenaissancemonumentscanbefoundaroundthePlazaVázquezdeMolinasquare:TheSacredChapelofElSalvador;thePalaciodelDeánOrtegapalace,currentlyaParadordeTurismohotel;theMarquésdeMancerapalace;theChurchofSantaMaríadelosRealesAlcázares,withitsRenaissancefaçadeandGothiccloister;theFuenteRenacentistafountainandthePalacioVázquezdeMolinapalace,currentlytheCityHall.

Aroundthissquaretherearemanystreetsandstatelysquares,aroundwhichmanymorepalaces,churchesandconventsareset:theGothicchurchofSanPablo;theSanMiguelconventandtheOratoriodeSanJuandelaCruz,inwhichthemysticpoetdied;thechurchofSantísimaTrinidad,inBaroquestyle;thatofSanNicolásdeBari,withitsGothicplan,amongmanyotherRenaissancejewels.

AllthisheritageledtoÚbedabeingdeclaredHistorical-ArtisticEnsemblein1955,whilein1975itwasappointedasExemplaryCityoftheRenaissance.Lateron,in2003,itwasincluded,alongwithBaeza,inUNESCO’sWorldHeritageList.

Aperfectdestinationthatwillstaywiththevisitorasauniqueexperienceforthosewholoveart,culture,history,goodfoodandauthenticity.

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SacredChapelofElSalvador.PalacioJuanVázquezdeMolinapalace,currentlytheCityHall.ChurchofSantaMaríadelosRealesAlcázares.HospitaldeSantiago.Plaza1ºdeMayosquare.Artisanalworkshops(SanMillánarea).EasterWeek.FestivalInternacionaldeMúsicayDanza“CiudaddeÚbeda”(“CityofÚbeda”InternationalMusicandDanceFestival,inMayandJune)

MuestradeTeatrodeOtoño(AutumnTheatreFestival,OctobertoDecember).

FestivaldeMúsicaAntiguadeÚbedayBaeza(ÚbedaandBaezaAncientMusicFestival,NovemberandDecember)

JornadasGastronómicasenelRenacimiento(GastronomicRenaissanceSeminar,JanuarytoMarch).

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THECITySURROUNDEDByASEA OF OLIVE TREES,SETOUTONANARABICPLANANDTHATBLOSSOMEDINRENAISSANCETIMES.

1.”HOSPITALDESANTIAGO”EXHIBITONSANDCONVENTIONSCENTRE

2.PLAzADEANDALUCÍA3.OLDTOWNHALL4.PLAzAVÁzQUEzDEMOLINA:PALACIO

JUANVÁzQUEzDEMOLINAPALACE

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THEMEDROUTESconventions, World HeritAge cities And tHe spAnisH lAnguAge, Modern And conteMporArY ArcHitecture, nAturAl AreAs, sepHArdic HeritAge, roMAn HispAniA, islAMic legAcY, nAuticAl tourisM, Active tourisM, golF, renAissAnce cities, olive oil tourisM And religious tourisM.

AllofthesecitiesarealsomembersoftheSpainConventionBureau,whoseobjectiveisthejointpromotionofthesedestinationsintheconventionmarket,undertheslogan“ChosenbyHistory”.Thesesettingshaveawiderangeoffacilitiesandinfrastructuresfortheorganisationofevents,withtheaddedvalueofbeinggroupedtogetherwithhistoricbuildings.

Althoughthesesevencitieshaveahighdegreeofspecialisation,allthirteenmembersofthegrouphaveawidevarietyofpossibilitieswhenitcomestoorganisingaconvention.Thefactthatdevelopingprofessionalmeetingsinanyofthesesettingsimpliesenjoyingthepossibilityofcombiningworkwhilstappreciatingbeautifulmonumentsmustbeconsidered.Thatiswhyitiscustomaryforcompaniesandassociationstoparticipateinprogrammeswhichincludevisitstothehistoriccentres,aswellastothemuseums,cathedrals,enclosedareas,archaeologicalsitesandnaturalareas.

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INJANUARyOF2003THEALIANzA DE CIUDADES PATRIMONIO DE CONGRESOS DE ESPAñA WAS CONSTITUTED,WHICHCOMPRISESTHECONVENTION BUREAUxOFALCALÁDEHENARES,ÁVILA,CóRDOBA,CUENCA,SALAMANCA,SANTIAGODECOMPOSTELAANDTOLEDO.

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1.CóRDOBACONFERENCECENTRE2.TARRAGONACONFERENCECENTRE3.MÉRIDACONFERENCECENTRE4.LIENzONORTECONFERENCECENTRE.ÁVILA

inthequietoutskirtsandinruralareas.Theyareallequippedwithmultiplemeetingroomsandallthenecessarytechnicalservicesinordertoguaranteeasuccessfulconvention.

Thecities,throughtheirConventionBureauxortouristinformationoffices,proposethebestalternativesand

offerdetaileddescriptionsoftheavailableresourcesforholdingeventsandcomplementaryactivities.Thishelpsthecompaniesandgroupsinvolvedtofindtherightsolutionsdependingontherequirements.

HostinganytypeofeventinaWorldHeritageCityisaguaranteeofsuccess.

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Inrecentyears,theWorldHeritageCitieshavemadeimprovementstotheirfacilities,withimportantconferencecentresbeingbuilt,exhibitionsites,auditoriumsandotherfacilitiesfortheorganisationofhundredsand,insomecases,thousandsofattendees.Fromalogisticalpointofview,theseareexceptionallywellcommunicatedplaceswithdifferentconnectionpossibilities.Theexoticismoftheseplacesactsasanattractiveincentivetocomeandattendevents.

Thesecitiesalsospecialiseintherestorationofoldmonuments,whichnowcontainroomsofdifferentsizesforhostingevents.Thereareendlesspossibilities,fromassemblyhallsinhistoricuniversitiestoconvents,Episcopalpalaces,museums,oldhospitalsandbuildingsofregionalarchitecture.

Theevolutionofthesehistoriccentreshasattractedthebestdesignersinmodernarchitecturewhohaveconceivedmodernspaces,providingatouchofavant-gardetothemonumentalsettingofthesecities.Manyofthesespaceshavebeendesignedtoholdeventsandconventions.

ThereisalsoaveryextensivehotelsectoroftheWorldHeritageCitiesofSpainwhichadaptstoallneedsandbudgets.Therearehotelsinthehistoriccentres,

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1.SANTIAGODECOMPOSTELACONFERENCEANDEXHIBITIONCENTRE

2.SANFRANCISCOCULTURALCOMPLEX,CÁCERES3.CóRDOBACONFERENCECENTRE4.SALAMANCACONFERENCEANDEXHIBITIONCENTRE

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ALCALÁ DE HENARESTheCaminodelaLengua(RouteofSpanishLiterature)takesyouonajourneythroughthegreatSpanishlandmarks,fromwhenthelanguagewasbornaroundaboutthe10thcenturyinSanMilándelaCogolla,passingthroughdifferentplacesinCastileandLeonwhereitdeveloped,toAlcaládeHernares.Hereitreacheditsmaturity,broughttolifebytheliteratureoftheGoldenAgeandthepresenceofuniversalauthorslikeLopedeVega,Quevedo,TirsodeMolinaandCalderóndelaBarca.

However,AlcaláisfirstandforemostthecitywhereCervanteswasborn.Everyyear,thecitypaystributetothislegendaryfigureinCervantesWeek,inOctober,asitistransformedintoacityfromthe16thand17th

centuries.ThecityalsohoststheculturalprogrammeofElAbrildeCervantes;theextraordinarymuseumwhichtodayincludesthehousewheretheauthorwasborn,theRutaporlaCiudadLiteraria(CityofLiteratureRoute)andtheInterpretationCentre.TheUniversosdeCervantesInterpretationCentreisanexampleofthecity’spermanenthomagetoitshonorarycitizen.AlcaláisalsotheworldcapitalofHispanicWritings,asitishometothecentralofficeoftheInstitutoCervantes,wherethePremioCervantesdeLiteratura(CervantesLiteratureAward)ispresentedeveryyear,onthe23rdApril.

ÁVILAThewallsofÁvila,thecathedral,churches,conventsandmonumentalbuildingswerethesceneofthemysticexperiencesofSaintTeresaofJesusandSaintJohnoftheCross.Theimpactandintensityoftheirreligiousandliteraryworkhasmadethemundisputedreferencesofacitywherehistoryandquestforknowledgegohand-in-hand.

InÁvilawenotonlyfindtracesofbothauthors,butalsoofother,morecontemporaryonesfromthe19thand20thcentury.AuthorslikeUnamuno,GarcíaLorca,‘Azorín’and

Delibes,whofoundinspirationinthiscity,producedsomeofthemostbeautifulpassagesinSpanishliterature.EveryoneofthenewgatesofthewallofÁvilaletsyoucrossthebarrierofthepresentandthepastinsearchofhistoric,literaryandartisticadventures.

SALAMANCASalamancawitnessedthebirthofthefirstgrammarstructureofamodernEuropeanlanguage.ThiswastheworkoftheuniversityprofessorElioAntoniodeNebrija,whoedited“GramáticadelaLenguaCastellana“in1492.ItmeanttheestablishmentofthefoundationoftheSpanishlanguage,whilstitspreadaroundtheNewWorld.

TheUniversityofSalamanca,foundedin1218,hasplayeditspartinspreadingtheSpanishlanguageoverthecenturies.Today,itisthecentreofattractionforthousandsofstudentsfromallovertheworld,whowanttolearnSpanishoninternationalcourses.Beforethesestudents,camewriterslikeUnamunoandGóngora,andSaintJohnoftheCrossandFrayLuisdeLeónwholefttheirlegacyontheuniversity.ThishistoricpartoftheCaminodelaLenguacomprisesamixtureofrealandfictitiouspeopleandcharacterslikeLazarillodeTormes,SaintTeresaofJesus,BeatrizGalindoandelLicenciadoVidriera,aswellastheOrchardofCalixtoandMelibeaandtheoldclassroomsoftheuniversity.

ÚBEDAÚbedacanalsobediscoveredthroughitswriters,followingthevariousstreetsandsquaresinwhichtheliteraryhistoryofthecityhasbeenmade.TheplaceswherethetracesofauthorssuchasSaintJohnoftheCross,whoarrivedinÚbedaonthe28thofSeptember,1591,to“cureaslightfever”butendedupdyingintheConventoftheDiscalcedCarmeliteFriarsofÚbeda.TheconventnowhousestheMuseo San Juan de la Cruz,theonlydevotedtohonourthesaint’smemory.Thismuseumexhibitsvariousrelicsandmementoesand,throughoutitstwelverooms,thevisitorcanlearnaboutthelifeandideasofthismysticpoet.

ThereisalsoalibraryspecialisedinthelifeandworkofSaintJohnandinspirituality,whichorganiseseveryyear,inthesecondweekofNovember,the“Semana Sanjuanista”,aneventincludingactivitiessuchasseminarswiththeparticipationofthemostremarkablenationalandinternationalspecialistsonSaintJohnoftheCross.

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FOLLOWINGTHEHERITAGECITIES’WAKEWILLLETTHEVISITORDISCOVERTHEBIRTHPLACEOFTHECASTILIANLANGUAGEANDFINDTRACESOFTHEKNOWLEDGELEFTBEHINDByTHEGREATESTWRITERSOFOURLITERATURE:CERVANTES, LOPE DE VEGA, SAINT JOHN OF THE CROSS, MIGUEL DE UNAMUNO.

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1.STATUEOFLAzARILLODETORMESANDSANTIAGOCHURCH,SALAMANCA2.CELLOFSANTATERESA.LAENCARNACIóNMONASTERy.ÁVILA3.BAPTISMALFONTOFCERVANTES.LOSUNIVERSOSDECERVANTES

INTERPRETATIONCENTRE.ALCALÁDEHENARES

AND THE SPANISH LANGUAGEWORLD HERITAGE CITIES

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MÉRIDAMéridaofferssurprisingremnantsofthenewarchitecturaltrendsfromthemiddleofthe19thcenturyuptothepresentday.Thecity’srailwaybridgeisanexampleofironengineeringfromthelastpartofthe19thcentury.ThereisalsoabridgedesignedbyCarlosFernándezCasado,whowasoneofthebestSpanishengineers,andanotheronecalledtheLusitaniaBridge,bySantiagoCalatrava.ThesilooftheoldServicioNacionaldelTrigo(NationalWheatService)andthePlazadeToros(bullring)aretwoimportantmonumentsoflocalarchitecture.ThecityisalsoscatteredwithbuildingsdesignedbyfamousarchitectslikeJuanNavarroBaldeweg,SáinzdeOíza,RafaelMoneo,FuensantaNietoandEnriqueSobejano.

SALAMANCASalamancahaswonsomeimportantawardsinavant-gardearchitecture.TheConferenceandExhibitionCentre,designedbyNavarroBaldeweg,wasthedeservedwinneroftheNationalAwardforArchitectureandtheGoldMedalforArchitecturein2008,liketheCentrodelasArtesEscénicasdelaMúsica(MusicandScenicArtsCentre)byBayónÁlvarez;theLiceoTheatrebyFernándezdelCastillo;andtheCerrodeSanVicente(archaeologicalsite)andtheFacultyofPharmacy.ThecityisalsofullofcuriousrestorationsliketheEpiscopalpalaceandthebullring.Thereisalsoasignificantpresenceofmodern-stylearchitecture,thankstotheMercadodeAbastos(supplymarket)andtheCasaLis.

SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELAÁlvaroSiza,JeanNouvel,ArataIsozaki,NormanFoster,GallegoJorreto,GiorgioGrassi,JohnHejduk,JosefPaulKleihues,AlbertoNoguerol,AndrésPerea,PeterEisenman,CésarPortela,LópezCotelo,AlbertViaplana,HelioPiñónandothershaveenrichedtheurbanlandscapeofSantiagooverthelasttwodecades,withoutstandingexamplesofcontemporaryarchitecture,givingyouanotherreasontovisitthecity.TheParliamentofGaliciabuilding,theconferenceandexhibitioncentre,theauditoriumandGalicianCentreofContemporaryArt,alongwithnewfaculties,librariesandsportscentresaresomeexamplesthatmustbeseen.PeterEisenmann’sCityofCulture,whosefirstphasewasinauguratedinJanuary2011,willbethecity’sgreatestworkofcontemporaryarchitecture.www.cidadedacultura.org

TARRAGONAThemodernsideofTarragonaoffersthevisitoraninterestingtour,startingwiththefortsofSantJordiandLaReinaMaríaEstuardoonthetipofElMilagrobeach.HerethestatelyhomesofCanals,MontoliuandCastellarnaudatebacktothisperiod.Fromtheendofthe19thcenturyto1920,thecitywastheobjectofthreeextensionplanswhichshapedtheappearanceofthepresent-daycity.TheartistswhopowerfullyintroducedthepreceptsofmodernarchitecturewereJosepMariaJujol,AntoniGaudíandLluísDomènechiMontaner.JujolwastheauthoroftheMetropolTheatre,theladychapeloftheconventofLosPadresCarmelitasDescalzosandtheCasaXimenis;GaudídesignedthechapeloftheNuestraSeñoradelSagradoCorazónsanctuaryandDomènechthecreatorofthetombofKingJaumeI.

TOLEDOApartfromToledo’sextraordinaryheritage,thecityalsohasseveralnewconstructionsandoldbuildingswhichhavebeenrestored.Theseprojectshavereceivedseveralawardsastheyhaveharmonisedtheidentifyingmarksofthefortifiedcitywiththeaestheticsandfunctionalityofthe21stcentury.LaGranjaEscalatorandbuildingsliketheCasaToledana,themunicipalarchiveandtheCentroTecnológicodelaMadera(technologycentre)comprisesomeofthemostspectacularexamples.Privateandpublicsectorcompanieshavealsobeeninvolvedintherestorationofsymbolicbuildingswhicharenowrestaurants,privatehomes,leisurefacilitiesandhometodifferentorganisations.

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1.JUANXXIIIBUSSTATION,SANTIAGODECOMPOSTELA2.METROPOLTHEATRE,TARRAGONA3.CASALIS-ARTNOUVEAUANDARTDECOMUSEUM,SALAMANCA

ALTHOUGHWEPLACEHUGEIMPORTANCEONMAINTAININGTHEHISTORIC ASPECTSOFOURCITIES,THEREALFOCUSOFTHESEISUNDOUBTEDLyTHEIRFUTURE.

Ourstrongcommitmenttoourhistoricalheritagedoesnotfreeusofthehugeresponsibilityofenrichingoururbancentreswithdefiningarchitectural,artisticandscenicelementsthataresuitableforourera.Buildingsofcontemporarydesignactasadrivingforceforthehistoricbuildings,astheyareadaptedtotheneedsofthelocalpopulation,creatingmoretouristresourcesatthesametime.

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CUENCATheareaaroundCuencahasawiderangeofnaturalresourceswhichmakeitapreciousplacetovisit.ElHosquilloHuntingParkandLasHocesdelCabrielNatureReservecompriseextraordinarilybeautifullandscapesandcontainverydiversefauna.ThesourceoftheRiverCuervo,wherethewaterdropsfromthehighrocks,istrulyspectacular.Theareaisalsoknownforitsrockyspotsthathaveerodedovertime,suchasthemagnificentCiudadEncantadaandtheCallejonesdelasMajadas.youmustalsoseetheareacomprisingthecaved-inTorcasdelosPalancaresandthecavepaintingsofVillardelHumo.

IBIzA/EIVISSAThankstoitsmonumentalandnaturalheritageanditslandscape,whichistheresultofcenturiesofsymbiosisbetweenmanandnature,Ibiza/EivissahastheonlyjointproclamationontheUNESCOWorldHeritageList.Theposidoniameadows,mainlyconcentratedinSesSalinesdeIbiza/EivissaandFormenteraNatureReserve,aretheecologicalresourcesofthePineIslandsarchipelago.Theseunderwaterforestsoxygenatetheseaandmakethewatersclearandpure.Inadditiontothis,theyformthousand-year-oldreefsthatprotectthecoast,theyfacilitatetheformationandstabilityofthebeachesandsanddunes,andtheyprovideauniquehabitatwherehundredsofmarinespeciesreproduce.

MÉRIDATheRomansmadeMéridaoneoftheirmostsymboliccitiesontheIberianPeninsula.Itwaschosenbecauseofitsspecialgeographiclocation,closetonaturalareasandfertilelands.ItsmostsignificantecologicalresourcesarethemeadowsoftheCornalvoNatureReserveandPradodeLabara;themountainousareaofSanServant;GraderandPena’sBlanca’s,arockyareaofMediterraneanvegetation;thewetlandsoftheGuadiana,Albumen,Algarrobas,CatchallsandMitchellriversandtheLangereservoir.Thesespotshavelargeareasofextensivecultivation,withapredominanceofcereal,olivegroveandvineyard,andintensivecultivationonirrigatedlandbetweenLasVegasAtlasandLasVegasBaja’s,inthecentreofExtremadura.

SAN CRISTÓBAL DE LA LAGUNASanCristóbaldeLaLagunaisimmersedinauniquenaturalenvironment,whichcontainsAnagaRuralPark.ThismassifisoneofthethreevertexesofTenerife.Ithasextraordinarylandscapes,remotebeaches,poolsoflava,spectacularcliffsandleafyforests.Theseforestsarescatteredwithcountryhousesthatareadaptedtothelandandinhabitedbyaminimalpopulation,whichlivesfromtheagriculture.Thelandscapeisexceptionalandincludessomeofthewildestareasoftheisland.Thelaurisilvaandthefayal-brezal,aswellasthemiddle-elevationjuniperwoodlandsandcardonales-tabaibalesareexcellentexamplesofwellconservednaturalhabitats,withnumerousprotectedspeciesandoverthirtythreatenedones.

SOMEWORLDHERITAGECITIESCOMBINEMONUMENTALWEALTHWITHBEAUTIFUL STRETCHES OF LANDSCAPE,WHICHLINKTOSOMEOFTHEMOSTREPRESENTATIVENATURAL AREASINTHECOUNTRy.

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ÁVILALikeinmanyinSpanishmedievalcities,Jews,MudéjarsandChristianscoexistedinÁvila.ThereisanabundanceofdocumentationontheprominenceoftheJewishcommunitythatexistedhere,withtheJewishquarterasthemostimportantenclaveofitsheritage.TheHebrewsweretheownersofagoodpartofthehomesbetweentheGrandeandChicomarkets,meaningthattheirshopswerelocatedontheCallesDonJerónimo,AlemaniaandReyesCatólicos.

OntheCalleReyesCatólicowefindtheoldBelforadsynagogue,whichwasreconvertedintotheChristianchurchofLaVirgendelasNieves.IthasanoldRabbihome,whichisnowoccupiedbyahotelandagoodpartoftheoriginalareasofthehomehasbeenconserved.InthePlazadelPocillo,thepointedarchofthegatemarksthelocationoftheoldfifteenth-centurysynagogueofDonSamuel,whichisnowaprivatehome.AftertheexpulsionoftheJewsin1492,theareabecamedepopulated,transformingintoamarginalareaofsmallhousesandorchards.BeyondthePuertadelaMalaventurayoucanstillseethegardenofMosesdeLeón,whowastheauthorofthezohar.

CÁCERESInthe13thcentury,whentheChristiansreconqueredCáceres,thecityhadamajorJewishquarterandinthe15thcentury200familiesformedpartofit.Itissituatedintheshelterofthecitywalls,inthelowestandsteepestareaoftheinnerprecincts.Thebuildingsherearesmall,withsmallwindows,archeddoors

andwhite-washedfacades,astheslopedstreetsconsiderablyinfluencedtheirinitialdesign.TheunevenstreetscontrastwiththearistocraticostentationofthepalacesandcoatsofarmsoftheoldnobleCáceres.ThechapelofSanAntonioisthecentralbuildingofthequarter,wherethesynagoguewasalongtimeago.

ThenewJewishquarterbegantotakeshapein1478,whenalltheJewswereorderedtomeetinonearea,ontheoutskirtsofthecity,aroundthePlazaMayor.Accordingtotradition,thesynagoguewassituatedonthesitewhichispresentlyoccupiedbytheMarquésdelaIslapalace.DifferentdocumentsalsoprovethatthereweregroupsofhousesandshopsthatbelongedtoJewsinthePlazaMayor,thecity’sprincipalcommercialcentre.

CÓRDOBABetweenthe10thand12thcenturies,therewasastrongresurgenceofSephardicJudaismunderMuslimpowerinCórdoba,thecapitalofAl-Andalus.WhenAbd-ar-RamanIIIdeclaredhimselfasCaliphofCórdobain929,apolicyofreconciliationbegan,whichfavouredtheJewishcommunity.Thisgaverisetoasignificantculturaldevelopment,characterisedbyimportantpeoplelikeHasdayIbnShaprut,whowasthecaliph’spersonaldoctorandprotocolchief,andMaimonides.WhenFernandoIIIrecapturedthecity,healsoestablishedapolicyoftolerance.ThesynagogueofCórdobaisontheCalleJudíos.Thisisoneofthemosthistoricandattractivesynagoguesintheworldandthe

SEPHARDIC

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DISCOVERINGTHESEPHARDIC HERITAGECOMPRISESONEOFTHEMOSTSURPRISINGROUTESOFFEREDByTHEGRUPO DE CIUDADES PATRIMONIO DE LA HUMANIDAD DE ESPAñA.

TheroutewhichlinkstheJewishquartersofÁvila,Cáceres,Córdoba,SegoviaandToledo,letsyouexperiencethesemedievaldistrictsbystrollingaroundthenarrowandwindingstreetsandseeingthemagnificentsynagogues.

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TOLEDOTheJewishquarterinToledoissituatedinthesoutheastofthecity,occupyingatenthofthefortifiedzone.Itsmedievalappearancehasbeenpreserved,withitswalkways,smallstreets,archesandpavedslopes.

TheexistenceoftheJewsinToledocanbetracedbacktotheRomansin4thcenturyA.D.,althoughduetothedifferentdiasporas,theyundoubtedlyarrivedpreviously.TheJewsfirstsettledinthedistrictofSanMartín,betweenthePuertadelCambrónandtheriverTagus.TheArabsallocatedthemthisplacesothattheycouldsetupliturgicalbathsorMikveh,Kasherslaughterhouse,primaryschoolorBeitSefer,breadovensandmarkets.Intheyear920,theyerectedawallfortheirprotection.Thequartercomprisedaframeworkofwallsandstreetsclosedoffwithdoors,withseverallinkingpassagesandalleyways.youcanstillseethehouseofIshaq,wholoanedmoneyto

IsabellaIinordertofinancetheexpeditiontotheNewWorld,aswellastheArquillodelJudío(arch)andthePuertadelCambrón,amongotherenclaves.

Toledoalsostandsoutbecauseofitssynagogues,withoverteninthecityatonepoint.Thebiggestone,presentlyknownasSantaMaríalaBlanca,wasbuiltinthe13thcenturyandisnowamonumentofexceptionalvalueinthehistoryofSpanish-Arabicart.Ontheotherhand,ElTránsitoSynagogue,formallyknownastheSamuel-ha-LeviSynagogue,wasachurchforcenturiesandtodayishometotheSephardicMuseum.Themuseum’sroomsillustratetheevolutionofthecultureintheoldSepharad.Thebuildingwasconstructedinthe14thcenturybythepowerfulSamuelLevi,thetreasurerofKingPedroIElCruel(thecruel),whichcontainsabeautifulprayerassemblyroom,profuselydecoratedinaMudéjar-styletypicalofToledo.

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onlyoneinAndalusia.Itwasbuiltin1315inthetypicalMudéjarstyleofthisperiod,withacourtyard,pointedarchandarabesquedesign.In1885itwasdeclaredaNationalMonument.

TheJewishquarterwascreatedinthetimeofArabcontrolandislocatedverynearthemosque-cathedral.Itischaracterisedbyitsnarrow,zigzaggingandlabyrinthianstreets.However,notalltheJewsinhabitedthisdistrict.SomesettledinnearbyChristianhousesandalsointhecommercialareas,inthedistrictsofSanSalvadorandSanAndrés.Theyinhabitedthisareauntil1391,whenitwasstormed.Thiseventcausedthecommunitytoenditsisolation,withamassconversiontoChristianitytakingplace.

SEGOVIAStrollingaroundtheJewishquarterisoneofthemostpopularactivitiesforvisitorstoSegovia.Thismedievaldistrictislocatedinthesouthoftheenclosedarea,inthesectorcomprisedbetweenthePlazadelCorpusChristiandLasCanonjíasdistrict.ItisenclosedbysevenbrickarchesanditsmainaxispassesthroughthetwoJewishquarters:LaNueva(theNew)andLaVieja(theOld).Botharecomprisedofnarrow,unevenandsteepstreets,whichcharacterisesEasternurbanplanning.Thepopulationresidedinsmallmasonryhouses,aswellashousesmadeoflimestoneandofbrickswithwoodenframeworkswithinteriorcourtyardsandsmallgardens.Thereisastretchofthewallwhichhasawalkwaywhereyoucanpassalongtoseethemagnificentviewsofthedistrict.

ThefivesynagoguesintheJewishquarterareevidenceofhowimportanttheareabecame.Despitebeingdestroyedbyabigfirein1899,theoldmainsynagogueontheCalleRealisthebestexampleofawellpreservedoriginalstructureofitskind.Thebuilding,

whichwasrestoredin2004,hasatypicalcourtyardentrance,definedintheinteriorpartbythreenavesthatareseparatedbyhorseshoearchesonoctagonalpillars.In1419itwasconsecratedtoCatholicworship.TodayitisaconventfortheSistersofPenitence.TheJewishnecropolisinSegoviaisalsoanimportantplacetovisit.Itislocatedontheoutsideofthecity,inaspotknownasElPinarillo.

However,tobeabletounderstandthecity’sJewishhistory,youmustvisittheCentroDidácticodelaJudería(JewishQuarterEducationCentre),intheCasadeAbrahamSeneor.

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ALCALÁ DE HENARESTheancientComplutumistheonlyRomancityintheComunidaddeMadrid(autonomousregionofMadrid).ItwassituatednexttoamajorroadwhichconnectedAugustaEméritatoCaesaraugusta,makingitoneofthemostimportantmetropolisesonthepeninsula.Theworkofarchaeologistshasrevealedsomeremarkablefindings.Thesefindingsincludethecityforum,whereyoucanseethebasilica,thermalbaths,cryptoporticus,marketandmonumentalfacade;theCasadeHippolytus,thefirstvisitablearchaeologicalsiteintheMadridregiontobemadeintoamuseum,whichwasanoldschoolforlocalchildren;andtheCasadelosGrifos,whichhasanextraordinarycollectionofwallpaintings.

TheRegionalArchaeologicalMuseumoftheComunidaddeMadridhousesmanyofthetreasuresofthisgreatRomansplendour.

CÓRDOBACórdobawasconqueredbytheRomansinthe2ndcenturyB.C.,undertheleadershipoftheGeneralMarcusClaudius.Córdoba,underAugustus,becamethecapitaloftheprovinceofHispaniaBaetica,untiltheendofthe4thcenturyA.D.Thefruitfromthecountrysideandthemineralsfromthesierramadethecityaplaceofconstanteconomicactivity,whichleadtotheconstructionofimportantbuildings.TheseincludedtheRomantemple,thepublicforum,theCasadelBailío,theVilladeSantaRosa,thepalaceofMaximian,themausoleumandtheamphitheatre,whoseremainscanstillbeseen.

MÉRIDATheRomanlegacyofMéridaseemstoappearineverycornerofthecity.Itstandsoutbecauseofitsexcellent

conditionandbecausealltheimportantoperationalelementsofthecityconverge.Méridacomprisesanunforgettablearchaeologicalcollection,whichincludesforums;defensivestructureslikethecitywall;leisureandcompetitionfacilities,likethecircus,amphitheatre,theatreandthermalbaths;infrastructuralconstructionslikebridges,damsandaqueducts;andthestreets,arcades,sewers,fountainsandseveralmonuments.

SEGOVIAThepresenceofRomeintheprovinceofSegoviacanbetracedbacktothe2ndcenturyB.C.Theterritorywasstructuredaroundthreemunicipalities,withseveralsmallersettlementsbeingestablishedaroundthecities.Atthistime,constructionbeganontheaqueductofSegovia.Thiscreationbroughtgreatprestigetothebuildersandtothetownitself.Aroundthehighpartofthistherewerestatelyhomesandthermalbaths,whoseremainscanstillbepartiallyseen.ThefindingsoftheexcavationsofthelastdecadescanbeviewedintheMuseumofSegovia.

TARRAGONAGnaeusCorneliusScipiodisembarkedinTarragonainthe3rdcenturyB.C.andsetupagarrisonwhichwouldlaterbecometheprincipalmilitarybaseofHispania.Thecityhadbeenstructuredinthe2ndcentury,withastreetnetworkandthecitywall.Thewallwas3500metreslongandtodayyoucanstillseeathirdpartofit,assomeofthesectionsandthreetowershavebeenwellpreserved.OtherfacilitieswerealsobuiltatthistimeinTarraco,includingtheprovincialforum,thetempleofAugustus,thecircus,theamphitheatre,thermalbaths,theCentcellesRomanvillaandtheearly-Christiannecropolis.

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FOLLOWINGTHE TRACES OF THE ROMAN EMPIREAROUNDTHEIBERIANPENINSULAISATRULyUNIQUEEXPERIENCE.

ThislegacyisespeciallyfascinatinginthefivecitiesdeclaredasWorldHeritageSites:AlcaládeHenares,Córdoba,Mérida,SegoviaandTarragona.

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CÁCERESAfter1142,CáceresbecamethemainstrategicpointinExtremadurafortheAlmohads.Therefore,inthethirdpartofthe12thcenturywiththeprincipalaimofdefendingthecity,arectangular-shapedwallwasbuilt,whichwascrenelatedandhadasurroundingwalkway.Thefortificationhassomecrenelatedtowers,somethatareattachedtothewallandsomedetachedones,mostofwhichhavebeenpreserved.TheBujacotowerstandsoutbecauseofthematerialusedforitsconstruction,itsstoneworkandashlars,whilstthetowersofElHorno,Layerba,LaRedondaandtheDesmochadaarealsoimpressive.

IntheArabperiodtherewasafortresssituatedintheupperpartofthecity.ItswatercisternhasbeenpreservedandwasclassifiedasthefirstoneinSpaintobebuiltandthesecondoneintheworld,duetoitspreservedcondition.youmustpaythismonumentavisitifyouwanttolearnaboutthepastandpresentlifeofthecityofCáceres.

CÓRDOBAAftertheMuslimsdefeatedtheVisigothsintheyear711theygainedcontrolofthecityofCórdoba,transformingitintothecapitaloftheprovinceoftheIslamicworldwhichwouldbeknownasAl-Andalus.In756thecitygainedindependencefromDamascusformingthe

IndependentEmirateofCórdobaunderthecontrolofAbdalRahmanI.In785theemirmadewhatwouldturnouttobeanimportantdecisionforthehistoriclegacyoftheOmeyas,theconstructionoftheMezquita(mosque).ThiswasbuiltonthefoundationsoftheVisigothbasilicaofSanVicente,andwasextendedatvariousstages.IthasbeenaWorldHeritageSitesince1984andtodayitisthethirdlargestmosqueintheworld.

MuslimCórdoba’sgreatestsplendourwascompletedwiththearrivalofAbd-ar-RahmanIIIinthe10thcentury,makingCórdobathemostthriving,culturedandpopulatedcityinEurope.HewasalsoresponsibleforthebuildingofthepalatineMedinaAzahara,whichwasagovernmentbaseandplaceofresidence.

Thenever-endinglistofwisemenandartistswhogatheredinMuslimCórdobaincludesthepoetsIbnHazamandIbnzaydun,theprestigiousophthalmologistAl-Gafequi,themusicianziryabandthephilosophersAverroesandtheJewMaimonides.Thecaliphatebegantofallapartandceasedtoexistin1013.ThiswasduetothecivilwarswhichfinishedwiththecentralpowerandledtotheformationoftheTaifaKingdomsalloverAl-Andalus.ItwaslaterreconqueredbytheChristiansinthe13thcentury.

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THEERAOFMUSLIM DOMINATIONCOMPRISESONEOFTHEMOSTHIGHLIGHTEDPERIODSINTHECOUNTRy’SHISTORy,INWHICHABIGPARTOFTHESPANISHLANDINTEGRATEDINTOAHUGETERRITORyKNOWNASAL-ANDALUS.

LiketheRomanHispania,theMuslimcivilisationlefttracesofitssplendourwithaheritagethatenrichesnumerouscities.AnessentialpartofthisArablegacyisconcentratedintwooftheWorldHeritageCitiesinSpain,CáceresandCórdoba.

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(WATERCISTERN)3.TORREDELAyERBA,CÁCERES4.HAMMAN,ARABBATHS,CóRDOBA

isreflectedinthecity’surbanrenovation,remodellingofthetemplesandinthenewfoundations,allofwhichwasaresultoftheeconomicandsocialrevival.ThereisarouteoftheplacesinrelationtoTeresa,suchastheconventsofSantaTeresaandSanJosé,themonasteryofLaEncarnaciónandtheMysticismInterpretationCentre.

Inadditiontothis,someofthemostoutstandingpagesofthemysticHebrew,IslamicandChristianlanguageswerewritteninÁvila.HereyoucanfollowthetracesofhistoricpeoplelikeTeresadeCepedaAhumada(SaintTeresa),JohnoftheCross,PederdeAlcántara,MosesdeLeón,NissimBenAbrahamandMancebodeArévalo.

BAEzATheEasterWeekceremonies,declaredofNationalTouristInterestinthelate‘70s,isremarkablysoberandrecollected.OneofitshighlightsaretheconcertsbytheCoral BaezanaontheHolyTuesdayattheCathedral,duringwhichthepublicwillenjoytheMiserere byHilariónEslava,composedspecificallyforthischurch.TheprocessionsinBaezahaveanaddedinterestintheartisticvalueofthestatues,mostofwhicharefromGothicorRenaissancetimes.TheCorpus Christi Festival,carriedoutinJune,isalsoverypopularinBaeza.Thehistoricalcentreisadornedwithshrinesandflowercarpets,thebuildingshavetheirfaçanesdecoratedandthestreetsarecoveredwithawningstopreparethewayfortheCorpusprocession,inwhichtheMonstrance-aworkbygoldsmithGasparNúñezdeCastro,from1714-takestheplaceofhonour.

CUENCACuenca’sextraordinaryheritagecanbeseenbestinitsreligiousbuildingsinthehistoriccentreandthesurroundingdistricts,whicharefullofchurchesandconvents.EasterWeekhereiscelebratedtothefullanddatesbacktothe17thcentury.IthasbeendeclaredFiestaofInternationalTouristInterest.Theextraordinarybeautyoftheprocessionreachesitssummitintheevening,asitpassesthroughthecity’sstreets,immersedinthemedievalatmosphere.

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ALCALÁ DE HENARESInthe4thcenturyasignificanteventmarkedthebeginningoftheAlcalá’sdeepreligiosity.ThecitizensofComplutumwitnessedhowtwoyoungboyssufferedmartyrdomforrefusingtoabjuretheirChristinafaith.ThiscoincidedwiththepersecutionsagainsttheChristiansatthecommandoftheRomanEmperorDiocletian.Fromthenon,thecitybecameacentreforpilgrimageandworshipsthetwomartyrs,theSaintsJustusandPastor.

Thevenerationofothersaintsfollowed,likethoseofSanDiegodeAlcaláandtheVirgendelVal.Inadditiontothese,othermembersofreligiousorders,likeSantoTomásdeVillanueva,SanJosédeCalasanzandSanIgnaciodeLoyola,whowouldberaisedtothealtar,wereinitiallyattractedtothecitybyitsuniversity.Theirtracescanbefollowedalloverthecity,aswellasthoseofothersaintslikeSanFranciscoCaracciolo,SanJuandelaCruzandSantaTeresa,wholivedhereinthesecrucialtimesofdevotion.AlcaláalsoholdsanexceptionalweekofEastercelebrationsFiestaofNationalTouristInterest,whichcanbeenjoyedbyfollowingtheRutadelasProcesiones(RouteofProcessions).

ÁVILAÁvilaisperceivedasaspiritualplaceandisthecityofSaintTeresaofJesus.Teresawasbornin1515andlivedinÁvilathroughoutherinfancy,youthandadultlifewheresheshapedherideasandnurturedherdreams.ShelivedduringtheÁvilaGoldenAge,which

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THETRACES OF SAINTS,ANDTHEARTISTIC GRANDEURPRODUCEDByTHETHREELARGESTMONOTHEISTICRELIGIONS,PROVIDETHEBASISTOGATHEREIGHTOFTHEWORLDHERITAGECITIES-ALCALÁDEHENARES,ÁVILA,BAEzA,CUENCA,SANTIAGODECOMPOSTELA,SEGOVIA,TOLEDOANDÚBEDA-INAROUTEWHERESPIRITUALITy AND FAITHARETHEMAINATTRACTIVE.

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RELIGIOUS

TOURISM1.BOTAFUMEIRO,SANTIAGODECOMPOSTELA2.SIXTEENTH-CENTURyCHOIRGRILLESOFTHE

CATHEDRAL-MAGISTRAL,ALCALÁDEHENARES3.HUÉCARGORGEANDSANPABLO

CONVENT,CUENCA4.EASTERWEEKPROCESSIONINTHEPLAzADE

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SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELAAfterJerusalemandRome,SantiagodeCompostelaisconsideredthethirdholiestcityinChristendom.LegendhasitthattheremainsoftheApostleJameslieinthiscity,whichreceivesthousandsofpilgrimsfromallovertheworldeveryyear.Thecity’shistorygoesbacktowhentheApostlewasexecutedinJerusalemintheyear44andhisremainswerebroughttoGaliciaduetothefactthatthiswasnotpermittedintheoriginalplaceofdeath.Thesiteofhisshrinewastransformedintothecathedral,whichtodaylooksoverthePrazadoObradoiro.

IntheMiddlesAges,severalconventsandmonasterieswerebuiltaroundtheElApóstolbasilica.ThesewereofvariousreligiousorderssuchastheBenedictines,Franciscans,Dominicans,StClare,CarmelitesandJesuits,andcanbeseenonseveralavailabletours.

Theseorderswereresponsibleforthesafekeepingofthetombaswellastheboardandlodgingofthepilgrims.Thisledtothemtosharetheirknowledgeofpharmacyandmedicinewiththepeopleofthecity,leadingtotheoriginofSantiago’smedicaltradition.Thefoundationoftheuniversitycanalsobeputdowntotheeducationalcontributionoftheseorders.

ÚBEDATheEasterWeekcelebrationshaveadefined,particularprofilethatinÚbedahaveledtoanextraordinarymagnificenceandemotion.Theprocessionsinwhich

thefraternities(cofradías)parade,someofwhichcanbetracedbacktothe16thand17thcenturies,areunparalleledintheirsolemnityandbrilliance.Thestatuesparadedaretheworkofthebest20thcenturyreligioussculptors(MarianoBenlliure,FranciscoPalmaBurgos,JacintoHigueras...),andareaccompaniedbylargecrowdsofthefraternitiesmembersintheirpenitencestops,bythesoundofdrumsandbuglesandthepeoplefillingthestreets,andalsobythedecoratedbalconiesandwindows,thescentofincense,thecolourofflowersandpenitentialhabits...makingofthewholecitythemostbeautifulstageforanamazingplay.

Amongthemostmovingmoments,ofthemanythattheÚbedaEasterWeekoffers,isthedepartureoftheNazareneatdawnonGoodFriday,famousbecausethe“Miserere”isplayedwhilethecrowdskeepanimposingsilence;also,thebriskclimboftheCuestadelaMercedhillcarryingthestatueoftheVirgendelaSoledad(OurLadyofSolitude)anditsmass“Despedida”(farewell)bytheCofradíadelSantoEntierro(HolyInternmentFraternity)and,lastbutnotleast,theProcesiónGeneral,animpressivechronologicalrepresentationofthePassion,wheretwentythronesandabout3,000penitentstakepart.TheÚbedaEasterWeekhasbeendeclaredofTouristInterest.

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ThehighlightoftheseistheCaminodelCalvarioprocession,popularlyknownas“LasTurbas”.

Besidesthis,CuencaorganisesoneofitsmostimportantannualeventstheReligiousMusicWeek,whichhasalsohasbeendeclaredFiestaofInternationalTouristInterest.ThefestivalprogrammeisthefourtholdestinSpain.Itincludesseveralperformances,byorchestras,choirsandsingersofinternationalstaturewhoperformcompositionsofChristianmusic.

TOLEDOTheextraordinaryresemblancebetweenToledoandJerusalemmaketheSpanishcityauniquesettinginEasterWeekforrememberingtheeventsofovertwothousandyearsago.

ThecelebrationofCorpusChristiisequallyimpressive.Itdatesbackto1342andwasdeclaredFiestaofNationalTouristInterestin2006andFiestaofInternationalTouristInterest.ItbeginswiththeraisingoftheawningswhichcomprisetheprocessioncanopyfortheCustodiadeArfe(monstrance)andconcludeswiththeSolemnProcessionandtheaccompanyingcolourfulbrotherhoodprocessions.Thestreetsaretransformedintoanopen-airchurch,decoratedwithlights,garlands,sixteenth-centurytapestriesandbanners,whilstastrongaromaofthyme,rosemary,lavenderandpervadestheatmosphere.ThecityisalsotheonlyplaceonthepeninsularwheretheMozarabic

Riteiscelebrated.ThiswasintroducedbythefirstChristiansonthepeninsularandisnowperformedonadailybasisintheMozárabechapelandonCorpusChristiinthecathedral.

SEGOVIASegoviacomprisesauniquesettingforfollowingthefootstepsofseveralhistoricsaints.ThecavewhereSaintDominictookshelter,thestagewhereSaintVincentFerreroncepreached,thepaththatSaintJohnoftheCrosstookfromthemonastery,wherehisremainslay,totheupperpartofthecitysetthestage.TheconventwhereSaintTeresaofJesuswrote“LasMoradas”and“ElCastilloInterior”,andthefontwhereSaintAlfonsoRodríguezwasbaptisedmustalsobeseen.

InSegoviathereareseveralmonasteries,conventsandchurchesthatarefullofworksofart,likethemonasteriesofSantaMaríadelParralandSanAntonioelReal.ThissacredartisbroughttothestreetsbythecelebrationslikethatofEasterWeek,whoseprocessiononGoodFridaymarchesfromthecathedraltotheaqueduct.

HereChristianitycoexistswithsignificanttracesofotherreligions,whichcanbeseeninseveralbuildings.AgoodexampleofthisistheJewishquarterofSegovia,whichgivesyouagoodideaofhowthecitywasinJewishtimes.Therearefrequentlyheldculturalandreligiousactivities,includingthemagnificentHolyMusicWeek.

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1.SEGOVIACATHEDRAL2.CHAPTERHOUSE.PRIMADADESANTAMARÍACATHEDRAL,TOLEDO

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BAEzABaeza’salleysandsquaresconformamonumentalarchitecturalensemblethatrepresentstheSpanishRenaissance.Baezareacheditsmaximumarchitecturalandculturalsplendourduringthe16thcentury.ThatwaswhenitsUniversitywascreated,andarounditmanynewreligiousinstitutionsappeared.Thepresenceofallkindsofcrucialpersonalities,noblemen,clergy,wisemenandsaints;architects,masons,paintersandsculptors;physicians,musiciansandpoetswouldturnitintooneofthemaincitiesinthesouthofSpain,anditwasgoingtomaintainthisplaceforafewcenturiesthereafter.

ThePlazadeSantaMaríaisasquarearoundwhichthereisalargenumberofmonuments:theCathedral,theCityHall(CasasConsistorialesAltas),theFuentedeSantaMaríafountain,theSeminariodeSanFelipe-withitspicturesquefaçadecoveredinancientgraffitti-or,behindtheCathedral,theCasa-PalaciodeRubíndeCeballospalace.Otherbuildingsarealsoworthvisiting,suchasthePlateresquefaçadeoftheCouncil-anold,16thcenturyprison-,andthePlazadelPópulo,alsoknownastheLion’ssquare,withtheancientAudiencia(theCourt)andtheCarniceríasReales(RoyalButcher)ortheSanFranciscoconvent-consideredoneofthemainworksbyVandelvira,alongwiththerenovationoftheCathedral-,aswellasseveralpalaces,suchastheJabalquintopalace.

AwalkthroughBaezaleadsthevisitortodiscoveritsmagnificentmonumentalensembleateverystep,bothinitsreligiousandcivilbuildings,amongwhichitisworthmentioningthePlazadelPaseodelaConstituciónsquare,thecity’smeetingpoint,surroundedbyporticosandgalleries,liketheBalcóndelConcejoandtheAlhóndiga.

ÚBEDATheRenaissanceemergedintheworkofartists-likearchitectAndrésdeVandelvira-whobuiltinÚbedapalaces,churches,conventsandsquares,aworkthatisstilltheretodayforustorestoreit,enjoyitandlookafterit.f

AtthesouthernmostendofthecityisthePlazaVázquezdeMolinasquare.SomeofthemostoutstandingRenaissancemonumentscanbefoundhere:theSacredChapelofElSalvador;thePalaciodelDeánOrtegapalace,currentlyaParadordeTurismohotel;theMarquésdeMancerapalace;theChurchofSantaMaríadelosRealesAlcázares,withitsRenaissancefaçadeandGothiccloister;theFuenteRenacentistafountainandthePalacioVázquezdeMolinapalace,currentlytheCityHall.

Aroundthissquaretherearemanystreetsandstatelysquares,aroundwhichmanymorepalaces,churchesandconventsareset:theGothicchurchofSanPablo,inthepleasantPlazadelMercado(orPrimerodeMayosquare),insidewhichthereisanexquisiteexhibitionofRenaissancegrillwork;theSanMiguelconventandtheOratoriodeSanJuandelaCruz,inwhichthemysticpoetdied;thechurchofSantísimaTrinidad,inBaroquestyle,witharenaissancecloisterboastingadoubleporticoedgallery;thechurchofSanNicolásdeBari,builtonaGothicplanbutwithRenaissancegrillesanddoorway;thechurchofSanPedro,alsofromGothictimeswithaRenaissancedoorway;theSantaClaraconvent,oneoftheoldestreligiousinstitutionsinthecity;thechurchofSanLorenzo;theCasadelasTorres,apalacewithaCastilianstylecoveredincoatsofarms,bas-reliefsandsymbolicsculptures;thePalaciodelMarquésdelaRambla,etc.

RENAISSANCE

CITIES

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OURCITIESHAVELIVEDTHROUGHVARIOUSHEyDAySANDSHOWTODAyTHEREMAINSOFTHEMANyCIVILIzATIONS,CULTURESANDEMPIRESTHATSHAPEDTHEM.TWOOFTHEM,SISTERCITIESOFANDALUSIA,AREASPLENDIDCATALOGUEOFTHEBESTOFSPANISHRENAISSANCE.SOUTHERNSPAINWASANEXTRAORDINARyCENTREOFRENAISSANCEPRODUCTIONINARTISTICANDARCHITECTURALTERMS.OFWHICHÚBEDAANDBAEzAARETHELIVINGPROOF.

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1 1.PLAzAVÁzQUEzDEMOLINA(ÚBEDA)2.SANTAMARÍAFOUNTAIN(BAEzA)3.SANNICOLÁSCHURCH(ÚBEDA)

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Oliveoiltourismisawaytogettoknowtheoliveoilmoreindepth,notjustregardingitspropertiesforthehealthandbeauty,butalsoitscharacteristics,tasteandscent,andtheancientmethodsusedforitscollectionandelaborationcomparedtothoseusedtoday.

BAEzASinceanincreasingnumberofpeoplearebecominginterestedinextravirginoliveoil,theMuseodelaCulturadelOlivo(OliveTreeCultureMuseum)inHaciendaLaLagunahasbegantocarryoutactivitiesaimedattheintroductiontotheknowledgeandsamplingofoliveoil,withthepurposeofdisseminatingtheoliveoilculture.Thisinitiativehasreceivedthenameof“Oleoturismoenelmuseo”(OliveOilTourismintheMuseum).

TheMuseodelaCulturadelOlivooffersaguidedtourtothemuseumalongwithaworkshoponoliveoiltasting,addressedbothatadultsandatthelittleones.Tistouristeeproductisenlargedduringthecollectionperiodwitha“DesayunoMolinero”(Miller’sbreakfast)madeupoftypicalproduceoftheJaénprovince,guidedtourstoalmazarasorpresent-dayoliveoilfactoriesandevenwalksthrougholivetreegrovesandJaenfarmstoseefirst-handalltheprocessesinvolvedinthecollectionandelaborationofthe“liquidgold”.

ÚBEDAInÚbeda,capitalcityofthemainoliveoilproducingareaintheprovinceofJaénandtheworld’sfirstoliveoilproducer,thevisitorcanfindanInterpretationCentreonOliveOilandTrees,wheretheycanliveauniqueexperiencearoundtheExtraVirginOliveOilandtheolivetreegroves.Thecentreislocatedinaparticularlybeautiful17thcenturybuildingknownas“laCasadelaTercia”,makingittheperfectplacetogettoknowthismillenarycultureindepth.Aspecialisedshopoffersthevisitoraselectionofthebestextravirginoliveoils,varioustypesofolivesanddailytastingsessions,aswellasothertypicallocalproducts:food,cosmeticsandcrafts.

Onyourownorinorganisedtrips,Úbedaoffersagreatrangeofpossibilitiestoincludeoliveoiltourisminyourplansandmakeofitauniqueexperiencethatyouwillsurelyenjoy.

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1.OLIVETRESINTHEGUADALQUIVIRVALLEy.ÚBEDA2.INTERPRETATIONCENTREONOLIVEOIL.ÚBEDA3.OLIVETREECULTUREMUSEUM.BAEzA4.MILLATWORK.ÚBEDA

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ROMERECEIVEDITSOILSUPPLIESFROMANDALUSIA,INPARTICULARFROMTHEGUADALQUIVIRVALLEy.OTHERPARTSOFSPAIN,SUCHASTARRAGONA,ALSOSHAREDTHEPASSIONROMANSHADFORTHESPAINLIQUIDGOLD.THROUGHCITIESLIKEBAEzA,TARRAGONAANDÚBEDA,WECANREACHTHEESENCEOFTHEOLIVECULTURE.

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IBIzA/EIVISSA Ibiza/EivissaTownandthesurroundingcoastalzoneweredeclaredaWorldHeritageSiteduetothearea’sextensiveposidoniameadows.Hereyoucanenjoytheluxuriousbeaches,smallislands,steepcliffsandpractiseseveralseasports.Therearetwomarinasinthetownandadivingcentre.ThebeachesofTalamanca,SesFigueretesandPlatjad’enBossaareidealplacesforlearningsailing,canoeingandmanyotherwatersports.

ThemajorityofposidoniameadowsareconcentratedinSesSalinesNatureReserve.ThiscomprisespartofthecoastalzoneofIbiza/EivissaandFormentera,aswellasnumeroussmallislandsscatteredaroundtheareasinbetween.Theseposidoniameadows,whichwereincludedinthedeclarationasaWorldHeritageSite,oxygenatethesea,provideauniquehabitatwherehundredsofmarinespeciesreproduceandfacilitatetheformationofsanddunes.Thespectacularlandscapesmaketheareaadreamplaceforgoingsailing.Severalpristinebeachescanbefoundinthisparadise,likeSesSalinesandEsCavalletinIbiza/Eivissa,andIlletes,inFormentera.

SAN CRISTÓBAL DE LA LAGUNAAlthoughSanCristóbaldeLaLagunaisatanaltitudeof550metres,itcomprisesastretchofcoastlinecontainingtwoquietandfriendlycoastalareasthatmustbevisitedwhenontheislandofTenerife.BajamarandPuntadelHidalgoarelocatedaboutfifteenkilometresawayfromLaLagunainthecoastalzone

aroundtheMacizodeAnaga,oneoftheoldestrockformationsinTenerife.youcanexperiencethepleasureofwalkingbythecliffs,whilstobservingthearea’svegetationofBalsamSpurge,CanaryIslandSpurgeandpalmgroves.

However,BajamarandPuntadelHidalgoareespeciallyrenownedforpossessingtheintriguingnaturalphenomenonofnaturalpoolsformedbypetrifiedlavaasitfloweddowntothesea.Aswimhereinthesaltywaterswillgiveyouauniqueexperienceyouaresuretorememberfortherestofyourlife.

TARRAGONATarragonaenjoysamildclimateallyearround,makingittheperfectplacetodoallkindsofwatersports,includingsailing,kayaking,waterskiingandscubadiving.Hereyoucanfindavarietyofcompaniesofferingtheseactivitiesinthismagnificentsetting,aswellasamarinaandPuertoTarraco,aportfromwhichluxurycruiseshipdepart.

Theareaextendstooverfifteenkilometresofcoast,whereyoucanfindnumerouseasily-accessiblecovesandbeachesbathedincrystal-clearwater.TheseincludePlayadelMiracle,laArrabassada,PlayaLarga,PlayadelsCapellans,CalaRomana,CalaFondaandCalaJovera.ThesurroundingprotectednaturalareassuchasPuntadelaMora,themouthoftheRiverGaiáandTamaritbeachcompriseabreath-takinglandscape.

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APARTFROMTHEIRMONUMENTAL UNIqUENESS,THEWORLDHERITAGESITESOFIBIzA/EIVISSA, SAN CRISTÓBAL DE LA LAGUNAANDTARRAGONAALSOHAVEANEXCEPTIONALVARIETyOFNAUTICAL TOURISM,WHICHALLOWSyOUTOPRACTISESEA SPORTSANDENJOyTHELUxURIOUS COASTAL SETTINGS.

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NAUTICAL

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1.BAJAMAR,SANCRISTóBALDELALAGUNA2.CALAFONDA,TARAGONA3.POSIDONIAMEADOWS,IBIzA/EIVISSA

Thesedestinationshaveactivetourismprogrammesaimedatholidaymakerswhowanttobeincontactwithnature.Herethereisanabundanceofpossibilitiesincludinghorseriding,rambling,bikerides,mountainskiing,waterskiing,photographicsafaris,scubadivingandriverdiving,adventureparks,climbingwalls,hot-airballooning,canoeexcursions,archeryandotherfunnauticalactivities.

However,ifyou’relookingforsomethingmoredaringyouwon’thaveanyproblemsfindingextraactivitieslikeultralightaircraftflights,mountaineering,rafting,canyoning,rockclimbing,bungeejumpingandquadbikeridinginanyofthesemonumentalcity’ssurroundings.

Thesecanbecombinedwithawiderangeofmoreinformativeculturalandecologicalactivities,whichteachyouaboutthenaturalandsocialsurroundings.Thesecouldbeworkshopsonornithology,mycology,astronomyoraromaticandmedicinalplants,aswellasvisitstowineriesandranchesorcapeas(bullfightswithyoungbulls).

Moreinformationontheseactivitiesandothertouristeventscanbeobtainedinthetouristinformationcentresinthesecities.ThewebsiteoftheGrupoCiudadesPatrimonio,aswellasthoseofeachdestination,allowsyoutoconsiderthedifferentpossibilitiesonofferandgetintouchwiththespecialisedcompanies.

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SIXOFTHESPANISHCITIESDECLAREDASWORLDHERITAGESITESALSOOFFERAWIDERANGEOFPOSSIBILITIESANDFACILITIESSOTHATyOURCULTURAL ExPERIENCECANBECOMBINEDWITHALLKINDSOFLEISURE,ADVENTUREANDSPORTS ACTIVITIES.

ThespectacularnaturalareassurroundingCáceres,Cuenca,Ibiza/Eivissa,Salamanca,SanCristóbaldeLaLagunaandSantiagodeCompostelacompriseavarietyoflandscapesrangingfromhighmountainstosheercoastlines,withbeaches,islands,rivers,forests,deserts,gorgesandravines.

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1 2 3 1.CHINAMADAINANAGARURALPARK,SANCRISTóBALDELALAGUNA

2.RIVERJÚCAR,CUENCA3.ARANCHFORFIGHTINGBULLS,SALAMANCA4.PLAzADOOBRADOIRO,

SANTIAGODECOMPOSTELA5.PARAGLIDING,CUENCA6.DIVING.IBIzA

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youcanplayaroundofgolfonavarietyofcourseswitharangeoflevelsofdifficulty,someofwhichweredesignedbythemostprestigiousexpertsintheworld.Severalofthesecourseshaveon-siteschoolsrunbyrenownedprofessionals,aimedatanyoneofanyagefrombeginnerstoplayersatamoreadvancedstage.AllthisiscomplimentedwithdifferenttrainingfacilitiesandotherservicesastheGrupoCiudadesPatrimoniodelaHumanidadaimstocoverallthenecessarythingsthatmayberequired.

Apartfrombeingsituatedintheadjoiningareasofthesemonumentallocations,thesegolfcoursesarealsosurroundedbypicturesquelandscapes.Thefairwaysandgreensrunthroughoakwoods,flowthroughagriculturalfieldsandpassovervalleysofdensevegetationdividedbybeautifulstreams,riversandlakes.youcanplaygolfinthemiddleofmountainousareaswithviewsofthesea

ortryingtoavoidtheravinesandbridgesthatgetinyourway.Thefavourableclimatemeansyoucanplayintheseareasallyearround.

AroundofgolfintheseWorldHeritageSitesisundoubtedlyagreatwaytocomplimentyourculturalexperience.

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THEMAGNIFICENT SURROUNDING AREASOFTHETHIRTEENCITIESDECLAREDASWORLDHERITAGESITESARETHEPERFECTPLACETOBEIMMERSEDINTHERICHHISTORyANDCULTURE.

AlcaládeHenares,Ávila,Baeza,Cáceres,Córdoba,Cuenca,Ibiza/Eivissa,Mérida,Salamanca,LaLaguna,Santiago,Segovia,Tarragona,ToledoandÚbedaofferyouacombinationofmonumentalwealthandawiderangeoffacilitiesforalltypesofleisureactivities.Oneoftheseisgolf,asalloftheseplaceshaveseveralcoursesandofferthenecessarycomplementaryservices.

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GOLF 2

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1 1.VILLAMAyORGOLFCOURSE,SALAMANCA2.DONTELLOGOLFCOURSE,MÉRIDA3.VILLAMAyORGOLFCOURSE,SALAMANCA4.NORBAGOLFCLUB,CÁCERES5.NATURÁVILAGOLFCOURSE

aRgeNTINaBuenos Aires

aUsTRIaViena

BelgIUMBrussels

BRaZIlSao Paulo

CaNaDaToronto

CHINaBeijing (Peking) Cantón

DeNMaRKCopenhagen

fINlaNDHelsinki

fRaNCeParis

geRMaNYBerlinDusseldorf

FrankfurtMunich

INDIaMumbai

IRelaNDDublin

IITalYMilanRome

JapaNTokyo

MeXICOMexico City

NORWaYOslo

pOlaNDWarsaw

pORTUgalLisbon

RUssIaMoscow

sINgapOReSingapore

sWeDeNStockholm

sWITZeRlaNDzurich

THe NeTHeRlaNDsThe Hague

UNITeD KINgDOMLondon

UNITeD sTaTesChicagoLos AngelesMiamiNew york

For any information, kindly address your request to:

www.spain.info/contact

TOURIST OFFICES ABROAD

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TRANSPORT

Canary Islands from the mainland, Europe, Africa and the American continent.The port of Santa Cruz unites some of the mainland ports and is also the base for cruise ships.

SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELACentral Tourist Office:Rúa do Vilar, 63 T. 981 555 129www.santiagoturismo.com

Several national and international airlines go to Santiago airport. You can also arrive by train or bus, or by car by any of the roads to the city.

SEGOVIAVisitor Reception Centre:Azoguejo, 1. 40001 Segovia T. 921 466 720info@turismodesegovia.comwww.turismodesegovia.com

Reservation Centre:T. 921 466 721info@reservasdesegovia.comwww.reservasdesegovia.com

From Madrid, by car or bus on the A-6 and the AP-61 connection road or on the N-603; by train, by the suburban trains or by the AVE, in lees than 30 minutes.

TARRAGONAMunicipal Tourist Office:Carrer Major, 39T. 977 250 795

www.tarragonaturisme.cat

The AVE from Madrid to Barcelona stops in Camp de Tarragona station.

TOLEDOCity Council Tourist Office:Plaza del Consistorio, 1 T. 925 254 030Municipal Tourist Office“Casa del Mapa”:Plaza de Zocodover, 6www.toledo-turismo.com

From Madrid, along the AP-41 toll road, the A-42 road or by AVE, as well as the daily coach service which connects the two cities.

ÚBEDATourist Information Office

Plaza Vázquez de Molina, s/n23400 Úbeda (Jaén) T. 34 953 750 440 Ext:5 promocion@ubeda.eswww.turismodeubeda.com

This city, located in a crossroads, is a communication hub between Levante and western Andalusia. Úbeda is very well communicated both by road and by railways. It is only 1h 15 min from Cordoba and its AVE train station, and 1.5 hs from Granada and its international airport. Madrid lies 3hs away by the N-IV highway. The Linares-Baeza train station is the easiest way to get there by train.

AENA(Spanish Airports and Air Navigation)T. 902 404 704+34 913 211 000www.aena.es

ADIFAdministrator of Rail Infrastructures

T. 902 432 343www.adif.es

RENFENational Spanish Train NetworkT. +34 902 243 402 (for international information)+34 902 240 202 (for national information)www.renfe.es

AVANzABUST. 902 020 052informacion@avanzabus.comwww.avanzabus.com

TRASMEDITERRÁNEAFerries to the Balearic Islands, The Strait of Gibraltar, Canary IslandsT. 902 454 645www.trasmediterranea.es

BALEÀRIABoats to the Balearic IslandsT. 902 160 180reservas@balearia.comwww.balearia.com

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USEFUL TELEPHONE NUMBERSEmergencies T. 112 Citizen’s advice bureau T. 010

TURESPAñA

www.spain.info

USEFUL INFORMATION

tourist inForMAtion

INTERNATIONAL DIALING CODE

GRUPO CIUDADES PATRIMONIO DE LA HUMANIDAD DE ESPAñA

T. 920 35 40 00turismo@ciudadespatrimonio.org www.SpainHeritageCities.com www.ciudadespatrimonio.org

PARADORSCentral Reservation OfficeT. 902 547 979www.paradores.es

INFORMATION

ALCALÁ DE HENARESTourist Office:Callejón de Santa María, 1 T. 918 892 694Plaza de los Santos Niños s/n T. 918 810 634www.turismoalcala.eswww.ayto-alcaladehenares.escturismo@ayto-alcaladehenares.es

Alcalá de Henares is located only 30 kilometres from Madrid, a journey which can be comfortably made on the A-2 road. A frequent bus and local train link connects the two cities and the Madrid-Barajas International Airport is only 14 kilometers away..

ÁVILAVisitor Reception Centre:Avda. de Madrid, 39 T. 920 354 000/920 354 045 turismo@ayuntavila.comwww.avilaturismo.com www.avila.es

Ávila is situated 100 km from Madrid, from which the city can be accessed by car, on the A6 and then the AP51. Barajas Airport is only one hour away from the city. From the capital, you can also arrive by train or by bus.

BAEzATourist Information OfficePlaza del Pópulo s/n T. 953 77 99 82 turismo@baeza.netwww.baeza.es

This city, located in a crossroads, is a communication hub between Levante and

western Andalusia. Úbeda is very well communicated both by road and by railways. It is only 1h 15 min from Cordoba and its AVE train station, and 1.5 hs from Granada and its international airport. Madrid lies 3hs away by the N-IV highway. The Linares-Baeza train station is the easiest way to get there by train.

CÁCERESMunicipal Tourist Office:Olmos, 11 T. 927 247 172www.caceres.es

Cáceres is located in the centre of a triangle formed by the main cities of the Iberian Peninsula, Madrid-Lisbon-Seville. It has a modern road system which connects with the first two of these through the A-5 road (Madrid-Lisbon), through Trujillo; and following the route of the old Vía de la Plata, today the A-66, Cáceres is connected to the north via Salamanca and to the south via Seville. In terms of public transport, the city is well connected with the rest of Spain, both by train and by bus.

CÓRDOBAVisitor Reception Centre and Tourist Assistance:Puerta del Puente T. 902 201 774www.turismodecordoba.org

You can arrive by car or bus from Madrid, Málaga, Seville or Granada. You can arrive by AVE from Madrid in two hours, Málaga and Seville in 40

minutes, and other types of trains. The Seville Airport is one hour away and the airports of Málaga and Granada are under two hours away.

CUENCATourist Office:Plaza Mayor, 1 T. 969 241 051www.turismocuenca.comFundación de Turismo de Cuenca:Avda. Cruz Roja, 1 T. 969 241 050

Cuenca is 167 km from Madrid, from where you can arrive by Car by the A-3 road, and then the A-40. The journey can also be made by bus, on the route connecting Madrid with Valencia.

IBIzA/EIVISSATourist Office:Edificio de la Cúria, Plaça de la CatedralT. 971 399 232www.ibiza.eswww.eivissa.es

There are several airlines that Fly to Ibiza/Eivissa from different cities in Spain and Europe. By boat, you can arrive from Mallorca, Denia, Valencia and Barcelona, as well as from several other Mediterranean ports with the companies, Transmediterránea and Baleària.

MÉRIDA Municipal Tourist Office:Paseo Álvarez Saénz de Buruaga s/n.06800-MéridaT. 924 330 722

Sociedad Mixta de Turismo (Tourism Joint Venture):Ifeme ( Calle Manuel Nuñez s/n.)T. 924 372 530www.merida.es

Mérida can be easily accessed. From any part of the country due to the cities communication connections. The A-5 road (Madrid-Lisbon), the A-43 (Lisbon-Valencia) and the A-66 (Vía de la Plata) on route from Gijón to Seville, all pass through here. It is also an essential junction for train connections, as trains from Madrid, Lisbon, Seville, Badajoz, Cáceres and Ciudad Real stop here.

SALAMANCAMunicipal Tourist Office:Plaza Mayor, 32 T. 923 218 342informacion@turismodesalamanca.comwww.salamanca.es

From Madrid on the A-6 and the N-501. From Valladolid on the AP-62 and the N-620. There are different train lines passing through here and flights from several cities to Matacán Airport, 15 kilometres from Salamanca.

SAN CRISTÓBAL DE LA LAGUNATourist Information Centre:C/ La Carrera, 7 T. 922 631 194turismolaguna@aytolalaguna.es www.aytolalaguna.com

There are many airlines flying to Tenerife and the

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