World Geography Chapter 3 – “Weather and Climate”.
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Transcript of World Geography Chapter 3 – “Weather and Climate”.
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World GeographyWorld Geography
Chapter 3 – “Weather and Chapter 3 – “Weather and Climate”Climate”
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Chapter 3, Section 1: “Factors that Chapter 3, Section 1: “Factors that affect climate”affect climate”
• I. The Sun and Latitude:– Tilt of the earth as the planet revolves around
the Sun.• Determines which hemisphere receives the most
direct sunlight, which causes changing seasons.• Sun’s energy:
– ½ of the energy is absorbed in the atmosphere– Earth’s surface absorbs the other ½– Solar (form the Sun) energy is converted into heat and
measured according to temperature.
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The Sun and Latitude cont.The Sun and Latitude cont.
• Greenhouse Effect: earth’s atmosphere traps heat energy.
• The greenhouse effect helps keep the planet warm, but recent evidence shows that the Earth has gotten noticebaly warmer. What might cause this?
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The Sun and Latitude cont.The Sun and Latitude cont.
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• So what activities might be causing global warming?
Eric Cartman’s backside?
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• Animals?
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• No, humans probably, activities like:
1. Burning coal or fossil fuels.
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2. The oil industry
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Burning oil, coal, natural gas, and other fossil fuels add CO2 to our atmosphere. And CO 2 absorbs heat, thus raising the temp.
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II. “Atmospheric Pressure”II. “Atmospheric Pressure”
• The air around you is constantly pushing you, a force called atmospheric pressure, or air pressure.
• As you climb a mountain, there is less air pushing you down, thus the air gets thinner is harder to breath as humans.
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Air pressure cont.Air pressure cont.
• At such high altitudes, air is too thin to breath, that is why plane’s are air sealed and pressurized.
• When you fly on a plane, your ears pop because of the changes in air and cabin pressure.
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Hopefully this doesn’t happen to you on a plane, because of the air pressure change.
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Air pressure cont.Air pressure cont.
- Low pressure area: when air is heated it expands, becomes less dense, and rises, creating a low- pressure area. As the air rises and cools, the water vapor it carries forms into clouds.
- Low pressure usually accompanies unstable weather conditions.
- Centers of low pressure are called cyclones.
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• Cold air is dense and sinks towards Earth’s surface, creating centers of high pressure.
• High pressure systems usually bring more stable weather conditions.
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Global Wind BeltsGlobal Wind Belts
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Global wind belts cont.Global wind belts cont.
• Prevailing winds: winds that blow from the same direction most of the time.
• Sailors use the prevailing winds to guide trips.
• The zone of winds along the equator is calm, with no prevailing winds called the doldrums.
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Global wind belts cont.Global wind belts cont.
• A front occurs when two air masses of vastly different temperatures collide.
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III. Oceans and CurrentsIII. Oceans and Currents
• Oceans also affect climate.
• Location in respect to an ocean changes climate. Landlocked areas will be cooler than locations near oceans because of warm currents that carry heated waters.
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Chapter 3, Section 2, “Weather Chapter 3, Section 2, “Weather Factors”Factors”
• I. Precipitation: – The process with which water changes from
liquid to a gas is called evaporation.– The amount of water vapor in the air is called
humidity.– Condensation is the process with which water
vapor changes from gas to a liquid.
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StormsStorms
• Hurricanes: the most powerful and destructive tropical cyclones.
• Typhoons: hurricanes in the Western Pacific Ocean areas (Asia).
• Tornadoes: twisting spirals of air in the middle- latitude areas.
• The U.S. has more tornadoes than any other country.
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• So, weather, how bout it?
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Section 3.3 “Climate and Section 3.3 “Climate and Vegetation Patterns”Vegetation Patterns”
• “Tropical Climates”– Tropical Humid Climates
• Example: Vietnam, Indonesia• Areas close to the equator• They never have truly cold weather.
– Because the warm air is always rising, this unstable air leads to almost daily thunderstorms and heavy rainfall.
– In some parts of the tropical humid climates all rainfall is concentrated into a wet season, similar to…
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Conditioner is better, I make the Conditioner is better, I make the hair silky and smooth.hair silky and smooth.
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Section 3.3 cont…Section 3.3 cont…
• Tropical wet and dry climates:– Just to the N and S of the tropical humid
climate.– Also called the tropical savanna climate.
• A savanna is an alternating pattern of wet and dry season.
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Section 3.3 cont…Section 3.3 cont…
• “Dry Climates”– Arid climates – stable sinking dry air all year.– Locations include: Mexico, Southern Africa,
and South America for example.– Soils tend to be thin and rocky.
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• Since this topic can be so…
• Dry…
• Zing!
• It’s time for one of Stecken’s riddles…
• Try to figure out the answer to the following pictures by combining them.
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Considering something… In deep thought…
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• Any ideas????
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If peeing your pants is cool… Consider me Miles Davis.
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• Semiarid climate:– Receive more moisture than Arid climates but
less than more humid areas.
– Humid subtropical climate:• Found on the eastern side of continents where
there are warm air ocean currents.• Usually contains forests.
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Section 3.3 cont…Section 3.3 cont…
• Deciduous forests – trees that lose their leaves during part of the year
• Coniferous forests – remain green all year.
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Section 3.3 cont.Section 3.3 cont.
• High latitude climates-– Subarctic climate – Canada, Greenland,
Northern Russia, parts of northern Europe.– Cold climate, but also supports vast
evergreen forests.
– Tundra climate – permanently frozen soil called permafrost.
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Section 3.3 cont…Section 3.3 cont…
• Ice Cap climate – found on Earth’s polar regions.