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How the World Bank Workswith Nongovernmental FO

OrganizationsA World Bank Publication

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Howthe World BankWVorks withNongovernmentalOrganizations

The World BankWashington, D.C.

Photo CreditsPhotos provided by Afnicare, CARE, Save the Children, Pages 12-13 clockwise from left: (Barbara Crowl), villageSOLIDARIOS. and the World Bank. Photographers' names well, Philippines: (Joe Loya), well digging, Ethiopia; villageappear in pareniheses. grain mills serve families in remote communities, Burkina

Faso. food-production and income-generating project,Pages 4-5 clockwise from bottom: (Rudolph von Bernuth), Bangladesh: (George Wirt), women build road in a food-for-girl drinking from a safe water supply, Haiti: (Nick Webber), work project, Bangladesh.fuel-efficient stoves, Somalia: (George Wirt), irngation sys- Pages 14-15 clockwise from left: small business makes chil-tem, Bangladesh: factory, Bogota, Colombia: (Yosef Hadar), dren's clothing, Medellin, Colombia: (Rudolph vonconstruction of Victona Dam. Sri Lanka: income-generating Bernuth), villagers dig trenches for sewer system, Haiti:project in which fishing helps a family supplement its monitoring children's weight helps to detect early signs ofincome, Bangladesh. malnutrition, Bangladesh: farmers shell peanuts before tak-

Pages 6-7 clockwise from left: women's group discussing ing them to market, People's Republic of the Congo: (Mikechildcare, Bangladesh; (Piers Cavendish), village well, Phil- Novell), women's training, Bangladesh.ippines; (Yosef Hadar), villagers discuss rural development, Pages 16-17 clockwise from left: (Rudolph von Bernuth),Burkina Faso: bicycle factory, Medellin, Colombia: cottage women work on a mohair-spinning project to supplementindustry. Colombia. their families' incomes, Lesotho; woman weaves mats in

Pages 8-9 clockwise from left: vegetable gardening coopera- Mali: (George Win), women prepare tree seedlings at a com-tive, Senegal: (Carolyn Redenins), women's weaving project, munity nursery, Kenya: (George Wirt), inigation system,Burkina Faso; community health center, Haiti: (Joe Loya), Bangladesh: clothing factory, Bogota, Colombia: publicvillage piped water system: (Jonathan Mitchell), suspension health cliniic, Bangladesh.bridge, Nepal.

Pages 10-1 I clockwise from left: (Tom Rosenberger), smallenterprise development project, Peru: (Rudolph vonBernuth), farmland, Niger: (Leigh Hean), same location afterfifteen years. Villagers planted 250 miles of windbreaks halt-ing Sahara's encroachment on farmland: water system, Hon-duras: Bowatenina Diversion Dam, Sri Lanka: village well,Nicaragua.

© 1990 The Intemational Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank1818 H Stree., N.WWashington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A.

All rights reservedManufactured in the United States of AmericaFirst printing June 1990

ISBN 0-8213-1577-3

C ontents1

The World Bank 5

Operational Cooperation 8

Getting Needed Information 13

Exchange of Views 14

Outlook 17

Boxes

iI The Project Cycle 72. Kenya Health and Family Planning 93. Bolivia Urban Development 1 0

. 4. Togo Grassroots Initiative 125. Resettlement in India 1 5

Appendixes

A. World Bank Field OfficeResident Representatives 1 8

B. Contacts for NGOs 22C. Some Bank Publications of

Interest to NGOs 23

4L 9 !S.@=- gt.1e World Baiikl ~VVorks with

0 | | N longovernlmental| k Organization4s

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[~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Throughout the developinig world, oppor- work effectively together. Their differencestunities arc growAi jg for nongovernmental -reflected mainly in their perspective andorganizations (NGOs) to work together approach to developmen-are preciselywith governments and intergovernmental what can make them apt partners. Theinstitutions in helping people improve the Bank works on a large scale, in close col-quality of their lives. Governments in laboration with governments, and with adeveloping countries arc becoming more strong emphasis on economic policy.aware of what NGOs can conitribute to NGOs often work on a small scale directlynational development. The World Bank, with low-income commtinities.too, is stepping up efforts to encourageinvolvement of NGOs in the activities itsupports. The Bank works mainly witlh its152 member goverllinments, but opportuni- The Bank is trying io open doors to fruitfulties are growing for NGOs to participate in inieraction between governments andBank-financed projects. NGOs and to encouLrage public policies

Over the last generation. there has been that foster effective NGOs. The Bank sel-significant worldwide growvth of NGOs. doom makes grants Airecily to NGOs, asand their capacity to contribute to the many other official development agenciesdevelopment process has expanded. More do. The Bank extenrds loans to memberrecently, cross-border communication governments in de veloping countries.networks among NGOs have helped to These loanis support investments andigalvanize public concern around social policy changes that contribute to eco-an(d environmental issues. Within these nomic growth and poverty reduction. Ininterniationial NGO nctworks, developinig- addition, the Banki advises its membercountry NGOs are asserting more indepen- governmenis on development policy anddence and influence. Meanvwhile therc is a encourages coordinalion among officialgrowinig recognitioni worldwide that the assistance agencies.public sector is limited in what it can do. The World Bank is composed of theAs societies come to terms with these lini- Interniational Bank for Reconstruction andtations, many look to citizcies' organiza- Developmenlt (IBRD) and its affiliates.tions and noniprofit groups to assume a IBRD raises the bulk of ils funds by bor-greater role. rowinig in the internatiotnal capital mar-

Although NGOs and the Bank are mark- kets. It lend(s to creitrworthy developingedly differenlt, in somne situations they can

countries on more favorable terms than and implementation. Bank-financedmost could otherwise obtain. IBRD loans projects are designed and implemented byare repayable over fifteen to twenty years. government agencies or private entities,In fiscal 1990, IBRD lending is expected to with the Bank closely involved at eachbe about $15 billion. stage. While private organizations are

The World Bank's concessional affiliate, often involved in Bank-financed projects,IDA, works in the poorest developing IBRD loans and IDA credits are madc tocountries. These countries are not suffi- member governments, which then passciently creditworthy to obtain IBRD funds on to public or private implement-financing. II)As wealthier member coun- ing agencies.tries contribute funds, which IDA provides The Board of Executive Directorsas interest-fiee loans, called credits. approves loans and makes Bank policy.Credits are repayable in thirty-five to forty Member governments are the Bank'syears. IDA credits are expected to total shareholders, and their votes in the Execu-$5.7 billion in fiscal 1990. IBRD loans and tive Board are weighted in proportion toIDA credits arc administered by the same their contribution to the Bank's capital.staff. Five of the Board's twenty-two membcrs

Bank-financed projects develop irriga- are appointcd by the largest shareholderstion, agriculLural credit, extension, and (the United States, Japan, the Federalrural roads. 'Fhey build dams and encour- Republic of Germany, France, and theage energy conscrvation. They promote United IKingdom). Scventeen representindustry, and they support education, groups of the Bank's other member coun-health, family planning, and nutrition pro- tries and are elected by the governors rep-grams. Some projects help protect forests resenting those countries. The Bankor reduce air pollution. These are only a President prcsides over Board meetings,few of the many ways Bank-supported which are held regularly at headquartersprojects help to raise incomes, reduce pov- in Washington. The Bank's Board of Gov-crty, and protect natural resources in ernors, normally the finance ministers ofdeveloping countries. member governments, meets every year

The Bank provides financial and techni- in late September or early October.cal support to projects, but does not take The World Bank's staff number approxi-direct responrsibility for their preparation matcly 6,000, most of whom arc based in

Washington. There are also Bank offices inforty-five developing countries and inGeneva, London, New York, Paris, andTokyo (see appendix a). The parts of'theBank with which NGOs most often inter-

Box 1. The Project Cycle

The project cycle is the term used in the Bank Next, the Bank conducts an appraisal, orto describe the life of a typical project from detailed review, of the proposal. During thisidenltification of need until the final completion stage, Bank staff, usually with consultants, .of work and evaluation of results. The project examine the proposal in detail (including thecycle can take up to twelve years. At any stage, capacity of implementing agencies) and draft athere rmay be ways for NGOs Lo contribute. repon. Once this appraisal report is reviewed /

The Bank's ongoing economic and sector within the Bank and loan negotiations betweenstudies, carried out in close collaboration with the borrowing country and the Bank are com-counLry officials, help to identify needed pleted, project documents are submitted forprojects that might be suitable for Bank financ- approval to the Bank's Board of Executiveing. After project identification, the next stage, Directors. After the Board approves the loan,prcparation, transforms the idea into a detailed project implementation begins. The sixth, andproposal that takes into account social, finan- final, stage of Bank-financed projects is evalua-cial, technical, economic, and institutional tion, during which the outcome is measuredconsiderations. against the project's objectives.

act are organized under tvvo senior vice Bank includcs the clivision responsible forpresidents-for Operations and for Policy, liaison with NGOs--the International Eco-Research, and External Affairs. Opera- nomic Relations Division (EXTIE)-astions is the largest part of the Bank. its staff' well as some other units of special interestis divided into four regions-Africa; Asia; to NGOs, such as the Women in Develop-Europe, the Middle East, and North ment Division and the EnvironmentAfrica; and Latin America and the Carib- Department.bean-cach headed by a vice president.Within each region are country depart-ments that are responsible for the Bank'soperations in a group of countries (or The diversity of NGOs strains any simplesometimes a single country) and a sup- definition. They include many groups andporting technical department. The Policy, institutions that are entirely or largelyResearch, and External Affairs part of the

independen-t of'government and that have Field operations and policy dialogue areprimarily humaniitarian or cooperative, areas that invite cooperation betweeni therather than commercial, objectives. They Bank and NGOs. This booklet discussesare private agencies in industrial countries both and outlines ways for NGOs to takethat supporn international dcvelopment; part.indigenous groups organized regionally ornationally; and member-run groups in vil-lages. NGOs include charitable and reli-gious associations that mobilize private NGO involvement in Bank-financedfunids for development, distribute food projccts has risen sharply. Over the pastand family planning services, and pro- fifteen years, NGOs were involved, onmote comm.unity organization. They also average, in fifteen Bank-financed projectsincludc independent cooperatives, com- a year. But in fiscal 1 989, the number ofmunity associations, water-user societies, projects involvinig NGOs rose to aboutwomen's groups, and pastoral associa- fifty. Bank staff have identified 260tions. Citizen groups that raise awareniess upcoming projects with potential for NGOand influence policy about environimental involvement.and social issues are also NGOs. NGOs most often take part in Bank-

Some NGOs have effectively brought finance(d projects that have to do with-development services to low-incomc com- rural or urban development, family plan-munitics. In Kienya, for example, NGOs ning and health, the environment, foodare working with the government to security, women in development, small-deliver health and family planninig ser- scale cnterprises, appropriate technology,vices (see box 2). More and morc, NGOs low-cost housing, cducation, vocational orare interestcd in influencing development management training, and nutrition.programs and thinking on a national or Some governments have turned to NGOsinternational scale. They sometimes vwork for help with social programs associatedto make goverment-supported programs with econiomic adjustment or, in a fewmore respon-sive to the needs of the poor cases, for their views on the design ofand to environmental problems. They adjustment policies.may help organize low-incomne communi- In the past, NGOs worked in Bank-

/ / / / | g ties to influence government programs financed projects primarily as implemen-that affect them. tors. BuLt increasingly, the insights that

some bring to project design and evalua-tion are being recognized. Those whowork closely with low-income communi-ties or have other relevant knowledge

Box 2. Kenya Health and Family Planning

NGOs have had a big hand in Kenya's efforts to youth, training community leaders to runcurb its population growth rate. More than fif- workshops, instructing couples about naturalteen NGOs have joined with the government in family planning, operating family planningefforts to provide information and family plan- clinics, and distributing contraceptives. Eachning services. Under the auspices of the has developed its own ways of reaching peopleNational Council for Population and Develop- with information ancl education on familyment (NCPD), about half of these NGOs receive planning, and each has continued to operateIDA funds. according to its own principles. All NGOs make

NGO involvement in the Integrated Rural quarterly reports to the NCPD.Health and Family Planning Project (Popula- Experience has shown that the governmenttion II) was important to its improved perfor- and NGOs work best together at the district andmance over Population 1, which had failed to local levels, where coordination is informalstem population growth. Among the shortcom- and is stimulated by personal relationships andings of the first project were heavy concentra- the need to share resources. Community lead-tion on the supply of services rather than ers serve on selection panels for local familyactivities that would stimulate demand, and planning agents and are often trained byexcessive reliance on the Ministry of'Health tor NGOs. Some community leaders work tomanagement and implementation. NGOs were enlcourage public interest, often drawing onable to help with both problems. NGO materials and staff. These elements have

The NCPD was established in 1982 to coordi- been taken into account in the design of thenate information and education activities to Bank's third and fourth population projects increate demand for iamily planning, comple- Kcnya.menting the Ministry of Health's service deliv- Many NGOs have experienced organiza-ery. The five NGOs that helped plan the NCPD tional strain as they have expanded their otherwere invited to be members, and as such were activities to include family planning programs.eligible for Bank funding under the project. In addition, the volunteer base on which manyOther NGOs were free to participate as they of them depend is considered a continuingdeveloped workable proposals. The govern- weakness for implemientation and sustainabil-ment has strongly supported the important role ity. Maintaining motivation in volunteers isthat NCJOs are playing. difficult when there are few resources-both

NGOs have helped implement the project by staff and vehicles-to spare for supervision.training teachers and church leaders to teachfamily life education and family planning to

Box 3. Bolivia Urban Development

The slum upgrading component of' the urban monitored implementation, and organized thedevelopment project in La Paz, Bolivia that the signing of cost-recovery contracts and contribu-

A .0l LSi Bank support.d in the early 1 980s demon- tions of labor.strates the synergy that can occLir when local A department of the municipality-Acci6ngovernment and neighborhood groups work Comunal-which had participated with low-

r together. The cost of the upgrading component income neighborhoods before, became thein the IDA-financed project was $8.2 million. It project unit. A core group of highly dedicatedimproved urtan services for about 100,000 professionals was a key to project success.people. Much of its success was because of the The project was not without difficulties.strong interaction between neighborhood asso- Although the project unit worked exception-ciations anid tI.ie municipal government, ally closely with neighborhoods, there were

The task was immensc. Roughly a third of still misunderstandings and failures of commu-La Paz's population lived in houses without nication, particularlv about how communitieswater and sewer connections. The project's would work together to address such commonapproach to providing urban services was a needs as street paving and community centers.radical departure from the ad hoc, populist Another problem was lack of attention to rent-approach that had been standard in Bolivia. ers, who were not adequately represented byThe project was offered to neighborhoods will- the neighborhood associations.ing to make rionthly payments to cover the After the Bank-funded project ended,city's cost for :improved infrastructure and upgrading conLinued with funds recoveredhousing loans. Because no government can from the first neighborhoods. Later, whenafford to subsidize housing and services for all Bolivia suffered hyperinflation, most neighbor-low-income urban people, this cost-recovery hoods revised the terms of their cost-recoverypolicy made it possible for the authorities to contracts upward-a remarkable testimony tomake a substantial inx'estment and to repeat their relationship with the project team.the process on the necessary scale. The Bank A follow-up Bank-financed urban project isptished for an approach that could improve supporting financial and institutional improve-conditions for all the urban poor. ments in the municipality of La Paz. The

Neighborhood associations had long agitated upgrading project unit has shared its approachfor better services. They took the lead in help- with mtinicipalities elsewhere in Bolivia.ing neighborhoods decide whether theywanited to be included in the projeci. Theynegotiated detailed design with city engineers,

might serve on governnmicin-NGO task pendent partners, involved in activitiesforces or work as consultants to the gov- that complement a Bank-financed project.ernment or the Bank during the project NGOs that participate in large-scale publicplanning stage. NGOs (especially organii- development efforts often find that effec-zations of the poor) can be a critical link tive interaction with official agencies callsbetween the official planners of a project for a significant commitment of their ownand its beneficiaries (as illustrated by the human and financial resources.Bolivian urban development project dis- When NGOs help carry out Bank-cussed in box 3). Bank and government financed projects, tiey are likely to bestaff can also learn from NGO assessments recipients of proceeds from Bank loans,of ongoing projects. which the governrment passes on to them

as loans or grants. Government fundingThe Nature of NGO Participation can help NGOs expand their work. But it ",x

may also entail contracts, accounting, andNGO insighits are iimiportanit to the social reportinfg requiremenlts that NGOs mightand environmental aspects of projects and consider onerous. Government fundingto their effectiveness in helping raise might divert an NGO from its original pur-incomes and production. In agriculture, pose or make it more bureaucratic.for example, organizations of farmers play An important aspect of the Bank's workvital roles in credit, marketing, extension, with NGOs is what the Bank does to helpirrigation management, and agroprocess- government authorities learn about NGOsing. These organizations and intermediary and to consider policies that will fosterNGOs that work with them are well placed effective grassroots organizations andto understand and interpret the views, other NGOs. In many countries, theinterests, and culture of rural communi- Bank's interest in NGOs has raised govern-ties. Their input is often crucial in the ment awareness about NGOs and, indesign and implementation of projects. some cases, prompted a new openness to

Another role in project implementation the possibilities of working together. Inthat NGOs regularly assume is that of some countries, such as Togo, the Bank isintermediary, channeling funds and infor- helping to set up governmental or quasi-mation to a project's beneficiaries and governmental institutions to help financeproviding feedback to government agen- NGOs (see box 4). 'In a few countries, thecies. NGOs also advise beneficiaries about Bank has helped governments considerapplying for project resources or help orga-nize local communities to use projectfacilities. In some cases. NGOs are inde-

Box 4. Togo Grassroots Initiative

The first freestandinig project to stipport NGO constituencies. The experimental stages wereactivities financed by the Bank came about in difficult and at times controversial. As the1985 because of the Togolese govemrnent's projects began, other difficulties-inadequatedecision to expand its partnership vwith NGOs technical capacity and institutionial weaknessesand to involv. village groups more in rural -were found and corrected. The NGOs thedevelopment activities. Financed by a Government, and the Bank learned in the$500,000 ads ance from the Bank's Special process and workcd together to design theProject Preparation Facility, this pilot program follow-up project.supported five NGO-managed community FourFyears after the pilot's initial ftinding, andevelopment activities: constrction of ani irri- IDA credit of $5 million was approved to sup-gation system and small dlam; building and port the Grassroots Development Initiativeequipping of two dispensaries. construction of Project. The government will pass through $3a school btiilding; and establishmenit of a water rnillion of the credit over four years to NGOs assupply program. grants for projects to improve the living stan-

To help the government and NGOs wvork dards arid productive capacity of' some of themore closely together, an institutional frame- poorcst and least accessible segments of' thework was developed, at the heart of which Togolese popUlation.vwere a steering committee and a special office NGOs have considerable liberty to definein the governrnent with responsibility for the what (levelopment aciivities they wish toprogram's adrministration. The NGO unit in the undertake. There are no foninal sectoral priori-government--the Program for Local and Panic- ties or limnits, but the main activities are antici-ipatory Developmerlt/NG0 Division-is il the pated to be training and informal education;Ministry of Planning and Mines. It coordinates small constnlctiot] and irrigation activities; andthe project and is the government's liaison with direct suppon, stIch as access to credit, for pro-NGOs. The steering committee brotight ductive activities. The goverineniet and NGOtogether representatives from goverinent and representatives agreed during credit negotia-NGOs into one decisionmaking body. It con- tions on srict eligibility and selection criteria.sists of two government and two NGO repre- NGOs and the comiTtinities who receive grantssentatives. The NGO represecinatives are must sign an agreement with the steering com-selected by the NGO umbrella group, Federa- mittee. lart of what they agree to do is to cornetion des Organisations Non-Gouvernementales up *vith 30 percent of Lhe project cost on theirau Togo (FONGTO). oWIn, either in cash or in-kind.

Building a government-NG0 partnership is The dynamnic and diverse NGO sector in Togonot easy. Governments and NGOs have very and the governnent's recognition of the impor-different ways of looking at and doing things. tant coniribLitioni that NGOs make to the coun-For the Togo pr-ogram, it took time for the steer- try's development were critical to theing committee to gain the confidence of' both its continuation of the program.

the benefits of reducing counterproductive Other contacts are country officers andrestrictions and regulations on NGO other staff in the country departments atactivities. headquarters. They travel frequently to the

borrowing country as projects progressGrant Funding and can meet with NGOs in country. They

can also be reachedi at the Bank's head-The Bank only otilrs very limited grant quarters (see appendix b). It is at least asfunding to NGOs, and lor particular pur- important for NGCs to become acquaintedposes. One is to strenlgtheni African popu- with the right staff in the national agencieslation NGOs for wvihich the Bank provides with primary responsibility for Bank-$500,000 a year, most of which is chan- financed projects cf interest.neled through the Internationial Planned EXTIE, which is responsiblc for oversee-Parenthood Federationi. Through its ing the Bank's relai ions with NGOs, regu-Women in Devclopment Division the larly publishes an tip-to-date list ofBank has made grants to NGOs doing pio- upcoming projects in which the Bank seesneering wvork on women's issues. potential for NGO participation. (The divi-

Through its modestly funded External sion's addrcss and the names of'key con-Grants Program, the Bank helps build tacts appear in appendix b.)institutional capacity, including that of' The Bank's Monthly Operational SummaryNGOs, to foster discussion of development (MOS) summarizes all projects that areissues. This program allocates $280,000 a being prepared for Bank finanicing.year and is administered by EXTIE. The Projects with environmental and resettle-emphasis is on funding developing- ment ramifications are designated as such,country institutions that contribute to the and morc detailed background on projectsdiscussion of dcevclopment issues. The that call for environmental assessment isprogram has also made some grants to added quarterly to the MOS. Providing thissupport development education in indus- information is another way of invitingtrial countries. NGOs and affected communities to partici-

pate in the planining of Bank-financedprojects. EXTIE rriails the MOS free ofcharge to NGOs that request it.

NGOs can take a number of'steps toengage in Bank-related activities. In devel-oping countries, one of the first steps is tomeet the Bank's rcsident representative,who can point out possible areas of'involveinent for locally active NGOs. (Res-ident representatives and their addressesare listed by couintry in appendix a.)

The Bank's Operational Directives and problems of cooperation in specific sit-(ODs), which set forth policies for how the uations. The Bank welcomes and oftenBank does its work, are primarily for the actively supports or helps to organize suchguidance of Bank staff, but are available on meetings. In India, for example, a Worldrequest. Sorme, such as the directives on Bank-NGO consultative committee meetsinvolving NGOs in Bank-supported activi- regularly. Clear possibilities exist for morcties (OD 14.70) and on environmental dialogue in borrowing countries throughassessment (Annex A of OD 4.00), are regular meetings between resident repre-likely to be of interest to NGOs. sentatives and local NGOs.

To preserve its close working relation-ship with member governments, the Bankdoes not release many of its internalreports to the public. However, partly in Discussion betwcen the Bank and NGOs inresponse to NGO queries, the Bank general has improved mutual understand-recently modified its policy on access to ing and influenced Bank policy, notablyinformation. When governmentofficials and regarding the environment and poverty.the Bank's country director agree, requesting Environmental NGOs helped to sensitizegroups may nlow receive country eco- public opinion and devclopment practi-nomic, sector, and project appraisal tioners, including the Bank, to the imupor-reports. The Bank routinely publishes tance of environmental issues in develop-much of its research and country analysis. mcnt. Indigenious and international NGOsThe Bank's annual Index of Publications lists together helped direct the attention of therecent studies, their prices, and how to Bank and its member governments to theobtain copies. Some publications of special environmental and social costs of someinterest to NGOs are listed in appendix c. large-scale projects (see box 5).

Meetings between Bank staff and NGO The Bank has substantially increased itsrepresentatives are an important channel environmental staff and strengthened theof communication. Increasingly, NGOs are environmental review of projects. It is alsoorganizing or taking part in meetings with funding more environmental investmentsofficials of government or international and including environmental concerns inagencies, or both, to explore opportunities its economic analysis. In developing its

resettlement policy, the Bank consultedextensively with NGOs. As the Bank looksfor ways to help tribal peoples benefit,instead of sufler, from development

Box 5. Resettlement in India

Historically, large numbers of people have been In Gujarat, where new state policies on reset-displaced or resettled involuntarily in India tlement and rehabilitation have been enactedbecause of pestilence. climate disturbance, par- and are widely acclaimed as models for Indiatition. or wvar. In recent years, displacement of' and among the best in the developing world,people because of development projects- certain NGOs together with the Bank playednotably large irrigation schemes and power constructive roles. Several NGOs-among themplants-has become the focus of'growing pub- the Anand Niketan Ashram of Rangpur; Nar-lic debate wvithin tndia and( abroad. mada Vahini Punarvasan Sangathan of Man-

In Bank- and IDA-financed projects under grol; and Shramik Vikas Sansthan ofway in India, several hundred thousand peo- Baroda-are actively involved in a uniqueple have been, or are being, resettled. Several Gujarat institution, a land purchase committee,thousand more could be affected by planned which negotiates and buys replacement landprojects. The projects are mainly in irrigation for displaced people. In a new water supplyand power. To ensure that resettlement is well and sewerage project, a Hyderabad NGO-theplanned and implemented in such projects, Centre for Economic and Social Studies-hasgovernment agencies and the World Bank have helped the local government prepare a reloca-been seeking advice from knowledgeable tion and resettlement plan for people aflectedNGOs-particularly those with extensive by the project.grassroots experience in areas where displace- Not all NGOs are satisfied with the Bank'sment has occurred or is likely. This process has work or approaches in India. Some are outrightbeen productive. In IKarnataka, lor example, opposed. The complexity of the situation iswhvere the LUpper Krishna trrigation Project compoin(led. becau se several states, with dif-recently began, MYRADA, an Indian NGO. has ferent interests and different policies, arehelped to prepare important resettlement and involved. Nevertheless, government agenciesrehabilitation plans, condticted stafl training and the Bank are making greater efforts tosessions fo(r participating government agencies, reduce and deal sensitively with resettlementand cvaluated pilot programs. problems and to work with NGOs.

L

projects, it is working closely with NGOs, In preparinig a major report on long-especially organizations of tribal people. term issues in Africa, the Bank engaged in

The Bank now insists on a more rigor- an extended consultation with many Afri-ous assessmrent of projects that might be cans within and outsidc governments,detrimental to the environment or affect with other international agencies, andtribal people. The 1 989 environmental with NGOs. The final report, which isassessment policy requires that projects be noted in appendix c, points to a need forevaluated for such impacts at key points, African governments to go beyond publicbeginning early in the project cycle. For finance, monetary policy, prices and mar-projects with important environmental ket issues to address basic questions aboutimpacts, the Bank now expects borrowing health and education, population growth,governments to consult with affected the enviironment, institutions, and gov-communities and local NGOs. and to take ernance. The report brings into focus thetheir views into account during design and need for greater ptiblic participation in theimplementation. design and implementationi of develop-

NGOs have also helped to sharpen the ment programs.Bank's focus on poverty, highlighting the One forum for the exchange of'views isdevastating impact of economic crisis on the NGO-Bank Committee, wlich is com-the poor. During the 1 980s, nearly all posed of senior Bank managers anddeveloping countries suffered financial twenty-six NGO leaders from around theproblems and slow economic growth. world (about three-fifths from developingUnder such circumstances, poor people countries). The NGO members of thegenerally suffer most. The Bank shifted Committee serve five-year terms. Eachresources to support adjustment programs year NGO members of'the Committeedesigned to recover financial stability and elect new members from NGO leadersgrowth, and now specifically reviews the who are interested in serving. The secre-poverty impact of'such programs. Policy tariat for the NGOs on the Committee is atchanges [hat arc important to economic the Internationial Council of Voluntaryefficiency, such as fair prices for farmers, Agencies in Geneva, Sxwitzerland (seeoften directly benefit the poor. appendix b).

The Bank's dialogue with NGOs is notlimited to the Committee, but the Com-mittee allows for systematic and ongoingdiscussion with an international assembly

of NGOs. The Committee has recently wider results by working in various waysfocused on engaging NGOs in the Bank's with governments in developing coun-operations, on adjustment, and on public tries. Some governments will help themparticipation in development planning. expand their efforts, and in other cases

independent NGO activity can improvethe poverty and environmental impact ofofficial policies and programs. NGOs are

Over the past forty years, many develop- also networking internationally to mobi-ing countries have made important strides lize public support for more vigorousin raising incomes and reducing poverty. action on global development issues.There have been major improvements in The World Bank,, for its part, is focusinghealth and education among poor people more than in the past on economic policiesnearly everywhere, but the number of at the national and international levelspeople in poverty has not declined. Debili- and, at the same time, on the poverty andtating, dehumanizing poverty persists at environmental aspects of development.unacceptable levels in most developing The Bank welcomes the growing engage-countries. About one billion people world- ment of NGOs on broad issues of globalwide still live in absolute poverty. policy. In its operational work, the Bank

During the past decade, most develop- looks to more active participation by orga-ing countries have endured economic and nizations of the poor and other NGOs tofinancial difficulties. Economic prospects help strengthen the poverty and environ-remain somber in many countries, and mental impact of Bank-supportedenvironmental problems are mounting activities.worldwide. At the same time, there hasbeen a widespread resurgence of democ-racy. The work of international develop-ment cannot continue on a business-as-usual basis.

Some NGOs are increasingly dissatisfiedthat their traditional projects have too lim-ited an impact. Some see possibilities for

Appendix A.

-C -~ 'V >,t -

BANGLADESH Rio de Janeiro CAMEROON

Mr. Christopher R. Willoughby Mr. George Papadopoulos, Mr. Raymond Rabeharisoa,Chief, Resident Mission Representative Resident RepresentativeG.P.O. 97 c/o Fumas Centrais Boite Postale 1128Dhaka, Bangladesh Eletricas, S.A. Yaounde, CameroonOffice Phone No. 50 00 90-9 Rua Real Grandeza Office Phone No. 23 08 36,Telex No. 642302 219. Bloco C, Nono Andar 22 31 57Facsimile No. 863220 Rio de Janeiro, RJ24000, Brazil Telex No. 8307

Office Phone No. 226-8931 Facsimile No. 230722BENIN Telex No. 21239,21166,22428

Resident Representative Recife CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLICBoite PosRale 03-2112 Recife Mr. Jean-Paul Dailly,Cotonou. Benin Mr. Edward B. Rice, Resident RepresentativeOffice Phone No. 3 1-21-24 Resident Representative P. 0. Box 819Telex No. 5310 Edificio SUNENE. Bangui, Central African RepublicFacsimile No. 31 5839 Cidade Universitaria Office Phone No. 616138. 616577

50,000 Recife, PE. Brazil Telex No. 5347SBOLIVIA Office Phone No. 271-2 111, Facsimile No. 616087

Mr. Femando Mendoza, 271-3044Resident Representative Telex No. 812437 CHAD

Casilla 8692 Facsimile No. 2711594 Mr. Horst M. Scheffold,La Paz, Bolivia BURKINA FASO Resident RepresentativeOffice Phone No. 355006, P. O. Box 146355429, 360047, 360470 Mr. Claude R. Delapierre, N'djamena, Chad

Telex No. 2618 Resident Representative Office Phone No. 513247, 513360Facsimile No. 391038 Boite Posta]e 622 Telex No. 5281

Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso Facsimile No. 514484BRAZIL Office Phone No. 30-62-37,

Brasilia 30-62-38, 30-72-57 CHINAMr. George Papadopoulos, Telex No. 5265 Mr. Attila Sonmez, Chief,Resident Representative Facsimile No. 308649 Resident Mission

Setor Comercial Sul, Quadra 1, Bloco H URUNDI P. 0. Box 9509Edificio Morro Vernmelho-8 Andar B Beijing, ChinaBrasilia, DF 70.300, Brazil Mr. Maurice H. Gervais, Office Phone No. 831-2227,Office Phone No. 226-4820, Resident Representative 831-5768226-4784, 226-4827 Bolte Postale 2637 Telex No. 22934

Telex No. 613999 Bujumbura, Burundi Facsimile No. 8315902Facsimile No. 2264993 Office Phone No. 22443, 23269

Telex No. 5095 COLOMBIAFacsimile No. 26005 Mr. Padmanabha Hari Prasad,

Resident RepresentativeApartado Aereo 10229Bogota, D.E., ColombiaOffice Phone No. 218-3667,218-9711, 226-8427, 226-8384

Telex No. 41308Facsimile No. 257-205 1

CONGO GHANA INDONESIA S. F

Mr. Mamadou Dia, Mr. Silvio Capoluongo, Mr. Attila Sonmez, Director,Resident Representative Resident Representative Resident Staff in Indonesia

P. O. Box 14536 P. O. Box M27 P. O. Box 324/JKTBrazzaville. Congo Accra, Ghana Jakarta, IndonesiaOffice Phone No. 835500. 835502 Officc Phone No. 229681, Office Phone No. 517316Telex No. 5542 220837 Telex No. 62141Facsimile No. 835502 Telex No. 2207 Facsimile No. 5200438

Facsimile No. 227887COTE D' IVOIRE KENYA

Mr. Elkyn A. Chaparro. Chief. GUINEA Mr. Peter Eigen, Director,Regional Mission in Western Africa Michael J. Wilson, Regional Mission in Eastem Africa

Boite Postale 1850 Resident Representative P. 0. Box 30577Abidjan 01, C6te d'lvoire Boite Postale 1420 Nairobi, KenyaOffice Phone No. 44 22 27; Conakry. Guinea Oflice Phone No. 338868, 2439132 90 06; 44 20 38 Office Phone No. 4-50-61 Telex No. 22022

Telex No. 28132 Telex No. 22444 Facsimile No. 338464Facsimile No. 441687 Facsimile No. 42674

LONDONETHIOPIA GUINEA-BISSAU Mrs. Janet Hickman,

Mr. Theodore J. Goering. Mr. Yves J. Tencalla, Resident Administrative OfficerResident Representative Resident Representative New Zealand House-I 5th Floor

P. 0. Box 5515 P. 0. Box 78 HaymarketAddis Ababa. Ethiopia Bissau, Guinca-Bissau London, SW I Y4TE, EnglandOffice Phone No. 514200, Office Phone No. 21-42-85, Office Phone No. 71-930-8511

510115,513434,517647 21-24-32 Telex No. 919462Telex No. 21154 Telex No. 109 Facsimile No. 9308515Facsimile No. 511441 Facsimile No. 21-49-25

MADAGASCARGENEVA INDIA Mr. Jose A. Bronfman,

Mr. Jean Baneth, Director Mr. Jochen Kraske, Chief. Resident RepresentativeP.O. Box 104 Resident Mission Boite Postale 41401111 Geneva 20 CIC, Switzerland P. 0. Box 416 Antanananivo 101, MadagascarOffice Phone No. 7332120 New Delhi 110001, India Office Phone No. 289.17Telex No. 28883 Office Phone No. 617241, or 287.77Facsimile No. 7332617 619496,616738 Telex No. 22456

Telex No. 3161493 Facsimile No. 32902Facsimile No. 619393

MALAWI MOZAMBIQUE PAKISTAN

Mr. John M. Malone, Mr. Nils 0. Tcheyan, Mr. Abdallah El Maaroufi,Resident Representative Resident Representative Chief. Resident Mission

P.O. Box 30557 Caixa Postal 4053 P.O. Box 1025

Lilongwe, Malawi Maputo, Mozambique Islamabad, PakistanOffice Phone No. 733-456, Office Phone No. 4213 12 Ofiice Phone No. 819781-6732-466 Telex No. 6728 Telex No. 5827

Telex No. 44529 Facsimile Number 421318 Facsimile Number 824807

Facsimile No. '734072 NEPAL PARIS-EUROPEAN OFFICE

MALI Mr. Nigel Roberts, Mr. Olivier Lafourcade, Director

Mrs. Monique P. Garrity, Resident Representative 66, avenue d'16naResident Representative P.O. Box 798 75116 Paris, France

Boitc Postale 1364 Kathmandu, Nepal Office Phone No. 140-69-30-50Bamako, Mali Office Phone No. 226792 Telex No. 620628Office Phone No. 222283, Telex No. 2228 Facsimile Number 47201966223201 Facsimile Number 225112 PHILIPPINES

Telex No. 2402Facsimile No. 226682 NEW YORK Mr. Rolando R. Arrivillaga,

Mr. G. David Loos, Rcsident RepresentativeM4AURITANIA Special Representative Ccntral Bank of the Philippines

Mr. Sunil Mathrani. to United Nations, New York Multi-Storey BuildingResident Representative The World Bank Mission Room 200, Roxas Boulevard

Boite Postale 667 to the United Nations Manila, PhilippinesNouakchott. Mauritania 747 Third Avenue, 26th Floor Office Phone No. 52 1-2726Office Phone No. 251017, New York, New York 10017 Telex Number 27337251334 Otfice Phone No. 963-6008 Facsimile Number 521 1317

Telex No. 708 Facsimile Number 308-5320 RWANDAFacsimile Number 251334

NIGER Mr. Emmaniuel Akpa,MEXICO Mr. Whitney P. Foster, Residcnt Representative

Mr. Marko Voljic, Resident Representativc P.O. Box 609Resident Representative Boite Postale 12402 Kigali, Rwanda

Nacional Financiera, S.N.C. Niamey, Niger Office Phone No. 72204,Isabel la Catolica No. 51 Office Phone No. 735929 74835Primer Piso Telex No. 5355 Telex N um ber 22571Colonia Centro Facsimile Number 735506 Facsimile Number 7638506006 Mexico, D.F. MexicoOffice Phone No. 518-1680, NIGERIA SAUDI ARABIAext. 354 Mr. Tariq Husain, Mr. John R. Bowlin, Director

Telex No. 177-2809 Resident Representative P.O. Box 5900Facsimile Number 518-4098 P.O. Box 127 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 1 1432

Lagos, Nigeria Office Phonie No. 465-9630Office Phone No. 616016 Tclex Number 200363Telex No. 21174 Facsimile Number 4655842Facsimile Number 616360

SENEGAL THAILAND UGANDA 21

Mr. Francois-Marie Patomi, Mr. Philippe Annez, Mr. Grant Slade,Resident Representative Chief. Regional Mission Resident Represcntative

Bolte Postale 3296 Udom Vidhya Building (5th Floor) P.O. Box 4463Dakar, Senegal 956 Rama IV Road Kampala, UgandaOffice Phone No. 23-36-30 Sala Daeng Office Phone No. 242139,Telex No. 21814 Bangkok 10500, Thailand 232533, 230094Facsimile Number 236277 Office Phone No. 235-5300-6 Telex No. 61388

Telex No. 82817 Facsimile Number 230092SOMALIA Facsimile Number 2366467

Mr. Luciano Borin, ZAREResident Representative TOGO Mr. Jcrome F. Chevallier,

P.O. Box 1825 Mr. Emmanuel Mbi, Resident RepresentativeMogadishu, Somalia Resident Representative P.O. Box 14816Office Phone No. 22685 Boite Postale 3915 Kinshasa, ZaireTelex No. 3703 Lome, Togo Office Phone No. 20177,

Office Phonc No. 21-55 -69, 20178, 20210SRI LANKA 21-57-77 Telex No. 21104

Mr. Hari C. Aggarwal, Telex No. 5009 Facsimile Number 20176Resident Representative Facsimile Number 217856 ZMI

P.O. Box 1761 ZAMBIAColombo, Sri Lanka TOKYO Mr. Sarshar Khan,Office Phone No. 21840 Mr. Nobuaki Kemmochi. Director Resident RepresentativeTelex No. 21410 Kokusai Building, Room 916 P.O. Box 35410Facsimile Number 540357 1 -I, Marunouchi 3-chome Lusaka, Zambia

Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100. Japan Office Phone No. 226774,SUDAN Office Phonc No.214-5001 229046Mr. Abhay Deshpande, Telex No. 26838 Telex No. 44530Resident Representative Facsimile Number 2143657

P.O. Box 2211 ZIMBABWEKhartoum East, Sudan TURKEY Christiaan J. Poortman,

Oflice Phone No. 78043 Mr. Luis de Azcarate, Resident RepresentativeTelex No. 22215 Chief, Resident Mission P.O. Box 2960Facsimile Number 71069 Ataturk, Bulvari, No. 211 Harare, Zimbabwe

TANZANIA Gama-Guris Building Kat 6 Office Phone No. 729611,06683, Kalvaklidere 729612, 729613

Mr. Ian C. Porter, Ankara, Turkey Telex No. 2704Resident Representative Office Phone No. 1684527-30 Facsimile Number 708659

P.O. Box 2054 Telex No. 46722Dar-es-Salaain, Tanzania Facsimile Number 168-4526Otfice Phone No. 36240,23543

Telex No. 41273Facsimile Number 36410

Appendix B.

Conticts for NGOs

22 The World Bank Mr. David BeckmannPrincipal Intemational Relations Officer

County offcersand oher ashinton- Regions of Special Interest: Asia andbased staff can be reached by calling the Nr AmeriaBank's main switchboard (202-477- North Amenca1234) or by writing to them at 1818 H St., Mr. Aubrey WilliamsN.W., Washington, DC 20433. For calls Senior International Relations Officeroriginating outside the United States Regions: Africa and Westem Europephone (202-473- 1000).

The division in the Bank with overall Ms. Kris Manrtinresponsibility for relations with NGOs is ASSiStant International Relations Officerthesponsibilitema Affairs relatio ith s In a Region: Eastem Europe, the Middle East,the External Affairs Department's Intemna- and North Africational Economic Relations Division(EXTIE). Its resource center includes a Mr. Chris Hennindata base with information on 6,000 Assistant Intemational Relations OfficerNGOs; more than 400 NGO directories; Region: Latin America and the Caribbeanand an NGO consultants roster. NGOs canrequest that their names and addresses be NGO--Bank Committeeentered into the data base-although this The NGO-Bank Committee is a forum foris not required to become involved in the exchange of views between NGOs andBank-financed projects-or they can the Bank. The secretariat for NGOs on therequest information. EXTIE staff listed at Committee is at the Intemational Councilright may be helpful contacts. of Voluntary Agencies in Geneva, Switzer-

land (ICVA). For information about Com-mittee membership, NGOs should contactICVA at 13, rue Gautier, 1201 Geneva,Switzerland, or call (22) 732-6600.

Appendix C.

Sonme BankPublicatlons ofInterest to NGOs

Environment and Development: Implementing World Development Report 1990 (Poverty). 23the World Bank's New Policies. Development Hardcover Stock No. 60850 (English).Committee Pamphlet No. 17. 1988. Stock Paperback Stock Nos. 60851 (English),No. 11095 (English). 11504 (French), 11505 (Spanish). ArabicFunding for the Global Environment. Develop- ( 11506), Chinese (11 507), Germanment Committee Pamphlet. Forthcoming. (11508), Japanese (11509), and Portu-How Adjustment Programs Can Help the Poor. guese (11510) editions will be published

tgWAdjustment Programs Can Help the Poor: in September 1990.The World Bank's Experience. Helena Ribeet al. World Bank Discussion Paper No. 71. For information on how to order theseStock No. 11434 (English). and other Bank publications write to

Index of Publications. The World Bank. Stock World Bank Publications, 1818 H St.,No. 11404 (English). N.W.. Washington, D.C. 20433. If outsideNongovernmental Organizations and Local the United States, please write to the dis-Development. Michael M. Cemea. Discus- tributor in your area (see inside backsion Paper No. 40. 1988. Stock Nos. cover). If no distributor has been named20040 (English), 11347 (Spanish). in your country, please write to World

Bank Publications at the WashingtonStriking a Balance: The Environmental Chal- address. Bank publications are also inlenge of Development. 1989. Stock No. II1271 ades akpbiain r loi(Eng lish) depository libraries worldwide. Bank resi-

(English). dent representatives can provide furtherSub-Saharan Africa: From Crisis to Sustainable information.Growth. 1989. Stock Nos. 11349 (English),11350 (French), 11351 (Portuguese).

The Project Cycle. Warren C. Baum. RevisedEdition. 1982. Stock Nos. 10022 (English),10134 (French), 10135 (Spanish).

World Bank Annual Report. 1989. Stock No.11300 (English).

Distibutors 9f World PubEcatons

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