Document of FILE COPYThe World Bank

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

Report No. 217la-IN

INDIA

STAFF PROJECT REPORT

APPRAISAL OF THE

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

November 30, 1978

South Asia Projects DepartmentAgriculture Division C

This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance oftheir official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.

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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

US$1.00 = Rupees (Rs) 8.60 1/

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

Metric System

ABBREVIATIONS

AA - Agricultural Assistant(s)ADA (Ex-

tension)- Additional Director of Agriculture (Extension)ADO - Agricultural Development Officer(s)AEO - Agricultural Extension Officer(s)AI - Agricultural Inspectors

Amul - Karra District Cooperative Milk Producers' UnionARDC - Agricultural Refinance and Development CorporationASDAO - Assistant Subdivisional Agricultural Officer(s)ASI - Agricultural Sub-Inspector(s)

Asst. DA - Assistant Director of AgricultureAU - Administration Unit of DAEBDO - Block Development Officer(s)CIMMYT' - International Maize and Wheat Improvement CenterDA - Director of AgricultureDAE - Directorate of Agricultural ExtensionDAO - District Agricultural Officer(s)DDO - District Development Officer(s)

DES - District Extension Specialist(s) of HaryanaAgricultural University

DOA - Department of AgricultureDSAO - Divisional Superintending Agricultural Officer(s)DTC - District Technical CommitteeEEI - Extension Education Institute(s)FEU - Field Extension Unit of DAE

FIU - Farm Information Unit of DAE

GNP - Gross National ProductGOG - Government of GujaratGOH - Government of HaryanaGOI - Government of India

GOK - Government of Karnataka

1/ Until September 24, 1975, the Rupee was officially valued at a fixedPound Sterling rate. Since then it has been fixed against a "basket"of currencies. As these currencies are floating, the US Dollar/Rupeeexchange rate is subject to change. Conversions in this report havebeen made at US$1 to Rs 8.60.

FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY

HAU - Haryana Agricultural UniversityHAFED - Haryana Cooperative Marketing FederationHYV - High Yielding Variety/VarietiesIARI - Indian Agricultural Research InstituteICAR - Indian Council for Agricultural ResearchICRISAT - International Crop Research Institute for the

Semi Arid TropicsIRRI - International Rice Research InstituteJDA - Joint Director of AgricultureNARP - National Agricultural Research ProjectPAO - Principal Agricultural Officer(s)PWD - Public Works DepartmentSAU - State Agricultural University/UniversitiesSDAO - Subdivisional Agricultural Officer(s)SMS - Subject Matter Specialist(s)STC - State Technical CommitteeTDO - Taluka Development Officer(s)T&V - Training and VisitTU - Training Unit of DAEUAS - University of Agricultural Sciences (Karnataka)VEW - Village Extension Worker(s)VLW - Village Level Worker(s)ZOA - Zonal Agricultural Officer(s)

CROPPING SEASONS

Kharif - June to SeptemberRabi - October to FebruarySummer - March to May

FISCAL YEAR

GOI and all States April 1 to March 31

This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performanceof their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization.

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Table of Contents

Page No.

I. BACKGROUND ......................................... 1Introduction .................................. 1Agriculture in India .......................... 2Agricultural Extension ........................ 3Existing State Projects ....................... 4Directorate of Agricultural Extension ......... 6Key Points in Agricultural Extension Programs . 7

Transfer of VEW ............ ......... 7Exclusive Assignment of VEW to AgriculturalExtension ................................. 8

Incentives .................................. 8Sanctions and Budget Allocations .... ........ 8Phasing ..................................... 8

Agricultural Education, Research andthe Agricultural Universities .... ........... 8

National Agricultural Research Project ........ 9Linkages between Extension and Research ....... 10

IIr . THE PROJECT ....... ................................. 11A. General Description .......... .. .......... 11B. Detailed Features - State Components ..... 11

The Extension Methodology ............ .. 11Technical Support and Supervision ...... 12Incremental Staff Requirements ......... 12Housing, Offices and Other Buildings ... 13Transport .............. .. .............. 13Equipment and Incremental OperatingCosts ............... .. ................ 13Training .............. .. ............... 13Monitoring and Evaluation .............. 14

C. Detailed Features - Strengthening ofDirectorate of Agriculture Extension ... 14Program Supervision ......... .. ......... 15The Field Extension Unit (FEU) ......... 15Administrative Unit (AU) ............... 15Training Unit (TU) ......... .. .......... 16Farm Information Unit (FIU) ............ 16

III. COST ESTIMATES AND FINANCING .......... .. ........... 16A. Cost Estimates ........................... 16B. Proposed Financing ....................... 18C. Procurement ........ . ...................... 18D. Disbursement and Audit .... ............... 19

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Table of Contents (Cont'd)

Page No.

IV. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT ........... ............. 20A. State Components ......................... 20

Project Implementation .... ............. 20Supervision ............................ 20Coordination between Agencies .... ...... 20The State Technical Committee (STC) .... 21District Technical Committees (DTC) .... 21Seasonal Zonal Workshops .... ........... 21

B. Directorate of Agricultural Extension .... 22Substantive Supervision .... ............ 23Routine Supervision of Physical Progress 23Monitoring and Evaluation .... .......... 23

V. BENEFITS, JUSTIFICATION AND RISKS .... .............. 24Financial Benefits ............................ 24Economic Benefits ............................. 25Project Risks ................................. 25

VI. AGREEMENTS REACHED AND RECOMMENDATIONS .... ......... 26

ANNEXES

1. Gujarat ComponentTable 1. Summary of Project CostsTable 2. Civil worksTable 3. Vehicles and EquipmentTable 4. Training CostsTable 5. Incremental Staff SalariesTable 6. Incremental Operating CostsTable 7. Monitoring and EvaluationTable 8. Extension Staff RequirementsChart 19153 - Extension OrganizationChart 19154 - Linkages between Extension and Research

2. Haryana ComponentTable 1. Summary of Project CostsTable 2. Civil WorksTable 3. Vehicles and EquipmentTable 4. Training CostsTable 5. Incremental Staff Salaries and IncentivesTable 6. Incremental Operating CostsTable 7. Monitoring and EvaluationTable 8. Requirement of Extension Staff by YearChart 19151 - Extension OrganizationChart 19262 - Linkages between Extension and Research

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Table of Contents (Cont'd)

3. Karnataka ComponentTable 1. Summary of Project CostsTable 2. Civil WorksTable 3. Vehicles and EquipmentTable 4. Training CostsTable 5. Incremental Staff Salaries and IncentivesTable 6. Incremental Operating CostsTable 7. Monitoring and EvaluationTable 8. Requirement and Availability of Extension Staff

by DistrictTable 9. Requirement of Extension Staff by YearChart 19243 - Extension OrganizationChart 19549 - Linkages between Extension and Research

4. Training

5. Directorate of Agricultural Extension ComponentTable 1. Summary of CostsTable 2. Field Extension UnitTable 3. Training UnitTable 4. Farm Information UnitTable 5. Existing Staffing Pattern of Directorate of

ExtensionChart 19150 - Organization Chart

6. Supporting Tables -

Table 1. Main Performance Indicators of IDA-FinancedAgricultural Extension Projects

Table 2. Implementation ScheduleTable 3. Estimated IDA Disbursements

7. Reference Material Available in Project File

Map IBRD 13649R1

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

I. BACKGROUND

Introduction

1.01 The proposed project would be the seventh in a series of IDA-

assisted projects designed to reorganize and strengthen agricultural exten-

sion operations in India. 1/ Under the project, the governments of the states

of Gujarat, Haryana and Karnataka would undertake such a reorganization of the

extension services in their states. Active encouragement for this is being

given by the Government of India (GOI) which considers the nationwide adoption

of the Training and Visit (T & V) system of agricultural extension to be basic

to successful national agricultural policy. The project would include strength-

ening GOI's Directorate of Agricultural Extension to enable it to better assist

states in the implementation and operation of these services. The project

would also improve the ability of the Directorate to provide expanded services,

such as staff training, to the states. Staff from the Bank's Resident Mission

in India began a series of visits to these states from July 1977. They reviewed

existing extension operations, discussed principles with relevant state offi-

cials and suggested guidelines for project preparation. Preparation was

carried out by the state governments and as draft reports became available,

they were reviewed and modified as necessary. By February 1978, all states

and GOI had submitted final reports as a basis for appraisal. Appraisal took

place between March 6 and April 14, 1978. This report is based on the findings

of an appraisal mission comprising Messrs. J.H. Lindt, J.Q. Harrison and R.J.G.

Le Breton (IDA).

1.02 GOI considers the continuing involvement of IDA in the reorgani-

zation of agricultural extension services to be of high priority. IDA was

instrumental in introducing the T & V system in India by obtaining the serv-

ices of Mr. Daniel Benor to advise on its design and implementation. It

was implemented first on selected Bank Group financed irrigation projects

and later on a state-wide basis. In all these projects, IDA has provided

technical assistance--especially in training methods, applied research

planning, monitoring and evaluation.

1/ The six previous projects are described in the Assam Agricultural Devel-

opment Project Report (No. 1535a-IN), Bihar Agricultural Extension and

Research Report (No. 1754a-IN), Madhya Pradesh Agricultural Extension

Project Report (No. 1442a-IN), Orissa Agricultural Development Project

Report (No. 1301a-IN), Rajasthan Agricultural Extension arud Research

Project (No. 1443a-IN) and West Bengal Agricultural Extension and

Research Project Report (No. 1288a-IN). The main principles of the

proposed extension reform are described in Agricultural Extension:

The Training and Visit System (World Bank, 1977). The overall targets

and present status of these projects are shown in Annex 6, Table 1.

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1.03 The success of agricultural extension will be determined by thequality and timeliness of advice given to farmers. The monitoring of thisis important both in existing projects and in those proposed in this report.The physical extent of the project areas (over a fourth of India), the rangeof cropping patterns and thus the diversity of the extension messages, makeit important that supervision of projects be focussed on the generation andeffective delivery of suitable extension messages. This calls for GOI andstate governments to establish procedures under which GOI's Directorate ofAgricultural Extension (DAE) would undertake a substantial part of the routinereview of state implementation and act as a control agency for routine reportsand reimbursement requests. The proposed enhanced role of DAE is spelled outin paras 2.12 to 2.17. This would allow IDA staff to concentrate on basicinstitutional or policy matters, to carry out supervision on the basis of spotchecks and to focus on problems and issues identified by DAE in the course ofits reviews. This type of arrangement is used successfully by IDA in othersectors and subsectors in India: examples are the Agricultural Refinance andDevelopment Corporation (ARDC), in the case of agricultural credit projects;and the Central Water Commission, in the case of several irrigation projects.

Agriculture in India

1.04 The area of India is 3.27 M km of which 49% is cultivable and about11% irrigated. India's population of over 630 M is growing at an annual rateof 2.1%. National income has grown at nearly 4% per annum since 1950, and theper capita GNP reached US$150 in 1976. Although average per capita income hasincreased, in general there has been little change in the living standardsof the vast masses of urban and rural poor, conservatively estimated at 250 Mpeople with incomes below the poverty line of US$70 per capita per year. Thus,GOI's development plans give priority to alleviating poverty and creatingemployment, especially in rural areas.

1.05 Agriculture is the dominant sector of the Indian economy and con-tributes about 45% of GNP. It engages about 70% of the labor force and pro-vides the base for about 60% of India's exports. During the last decade,GOI development plans have emphasized agriculture and sought to raise food-grain production by increasing the use of irrigation, fertilizers, plantprotection chemicals, and seeds of improved varieties. In support of this,GOI has modernized and expanded its agricultural credit institutions andaccelerated the development of irrigation. More recently, increased atten-tion has been given to the establishment of improved extension services andupgrading the research capabilities needed to support this extension effort.

1.06 Despite these endeavors and the impressive results of the GreenRevolution in some areas, primarily in the wheat-growing northwestern states,annual growth in total foodgrain production over the last 15 years has beenonly about 2.3%, or approximately equal to the population growth. Per capitaproduction of a number of other important crops, including cotton and oil-seeds, has fallen during the period. Furthermore, India's agriculture is

particularly susceptible to the vagaries of weather and foodgrain productioncan vary as much as 20% between successive years. Although expansion of irri-gation facilities to reduce this variation remains a priority, GOI recognizesthat the bulk of India's cropped area and over half of its farmers, cannot,in the foreseeable future, benefit from water-intensive agricultural techno-logies emphasized since the 1960s. Moreover, although much appropriate re-

search is available, yields under rainfed conditions have shown little or noimprovement over this period--a fact which prompts this project's emphasis onrainfed as well as irrigated farming.

Agricultural Extension

1.07 State Governments have direct responsibility for agricultural exten-sion; they operate through their Departments of Agriculture (DOA), generallywith the cooperation of other state departments, including Community Develop-ment. While organization varies between states, the extension service isgenerally headed by the Director of Agriculture who reports to the Secretaryof Agriculture. He is assisted by staff located at state, zonal and districtlevels. The Collector (the senior representative of the civil administrationat the district level) coordinates activities between the various agenciesof government, with the District Agricultural Officer (DAO) representingDOA. Below the district level, Agricultural Extension Officers (AEO) gen-erally report on routine matters to the Block Development Officer (BDO),an official of the state Community Development Department. In some states,locally elected councils (panchayats) also play a role and the BDO are respon-sible to these bodies. Given the multitude of local activities and lack ofdirect administrative control by DOA, AEO are often diverted to non-agricul-tural activities. The village level worker (VLW), a multipurpose worker andgenerally an employee of the Community Development Department, is supposed tospend 75-80% of his time on agricultural extension under the direction of theAEO. However, the VLW is administratively responsible to the BDO and the lackof a well-coordinated agricultural program, combined with the demands of hisother activities, generally result in his spending very little time on agri-cultural extension. The same is generally true of the AEO. What littleextension work is done is neither planned systematically, nor supervisedadequately.

1.08 Over the years, dissatisfaction with the effectiveness of the multi-purpose worker for increasing agricultural production has led to the develop-ment of a variety of special programs focussing on particular crops, areas,or techniques. Staff employed under these schemes are usually under theadministrative control of various subject matter departments of DOA. In agiven state, such schemes usually cover only a few districts and only part(e.g. one crop) of the farmers' operations. These schemes have tended todissipate extension efforts in many uncoordinated directions and divertattention and resources from the need to reform the main line extension agency.

1.09 There are usually too few staff to cover the farming communityadequately and they lack sufficient mobility to reach farmers systematicallyand regularly. In addition to the organizational problems mentioned above,

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the extension service often suffers from inadequate and outdated staff train-ing. Furthermore, linkages with research have been tenuous and irregular.All these factors have hampered effective extension work. They have resultedin a general stagnation in agricultural production with most extension per-sonnel having low status, low pay and poor morale.

1.10 With yields in irrigated and rainfed areas remaining at levelswell below potential, GOI has become increasingly concerned with improvingagricultural extension. A new system of extension--the Training and VisitSystem (T & V)--based on frequent and regular farm visits by full-time, ade-quately trained extension personnel was developed in 1974 with IDA assistance.Under this approach, a substantial portion of the multipurpose VEW are trans-ferred from Community Development Departments to DOA to work exclusively onagricultural extension. The results from the Chambal Irrigation Scheme inRajasthan, 1/ where the approach has been in operation since 1974, areimpressive.

Changes in yields in the Chambal Irrigation Scheme (Rajasthan)

Average Yields----------------- (tons/ha) -----------------

Crop Before Project 1975/76 1976/77 1977/78

Paddy (irrigated) 2.00 3.35 3.60 4.36Sorghum (rainfed) 0.44 0.40 0.66 0.83Wheat (80% irrigated) 1.17 2.26 2.11 2.31Gram (rainfed) 0.69 0.75 0.94 0.72 /aSugarcane (irrigated) 40.90 n.a. 59.40 60.50

/a Yields were low because of severe pod borer attack.

These results were so encouraging that the approach was adopted in six statesunder the projects discussed below.

Existing State Projects

1.11 Rajasthan Agricultural Extension and Research Project (Cr. 737-IN,US$13 M, effective in February 1978), was an outgrowth of the favorable resultsobtained with the new approach to agricultural extension pioneered under theChambal Command Area Development Project (Cr. 562-IN, effective September 1975)and Rajasthan Canal Command Area Development Project (Cr. 502-IN, effectiveDecember 1974). Government of Rajasthan is presently reorganizing and strength-ening extension and supporting adaptive research to serve 2.9 M of the state's3.7 M farm families in 17 districts where an immediate potential for improvingagricultural production exists. Project implementation was initially slow,but review missions report that field work is now progressing well and thereaction of farmers is favorable.

1/ This covered about 84,000 farm families and 360,000 ha of which abouttwo-thirds is irrigated.

1.12 As a result of first hand experience with improved extension

activities in the Chambal Command Area, Madhya Pradesh requested IDA to

assist in extending the reorganization to cover both irrigated and rainfed

areas in 15 of 45 districts in the state. (Cr. 712-IN, for US$10 M, effectiveSeptember 1977.) Although some staff are still to be recruited, progress todate has been very good. In Bilaspur district, for example, the adoption ofseed treatment has risen from about 20% of all farmers in 1977 to over 80% in

1978 when it was a recommendation of the T & V program. A full program of

training sessions for extension staff at all levels is being implemented bythe State Agricultural University (SAU) in the latter half of 1978.

1.13 Eastern India, including Assam, Bihar, Orissa and West Bengal,is the country's "rice bowl." Despite its high potential, foodgrain yieldsare low and production has barely kept pace with population growth. The

stagnation of agriculture has been partly due to the inability of the exten-sion service to give meaningful advice to farmers; similarly, research hasfailed to focus on the majority need for simple, low cost practices. Orissawas the first state in the "rice bowl" to participate in a comprehensive agri-cultural development project (Cr. 682-IN, for US$20 M, effective June 1977).

Virtually all of the state's 3.4 M farmers are now covered by the program.DOA feels the reorganized extension service has been primarily responsiblefor the success of their efforts to increase the area under oilseeds (up 55%over 1976/77) and pulses (up 44% over 1976/77). While the impact achievedthrough reorganization of existing staff has been substantial, progress instrengthening the organization to sustain the momentum was slowed by the

delay of financial sanctions required for new posts, vehicles and construc-tion. Sanctions have now been approved and steady progress is being made.

1.14 During the preparation and appraisal of the West Bengal AgriculturalDevelopment Project (Cr. 541-IN, effective August 1975), which supports minorirrigation development in a portion of the state, one of the major constraintswas identified as a lack of effective agricultural extension. Consequently,the project included a component to strengthen extension in six districtsalong the principles established in the Chambal and Rajasthan Canal Areas.The initial impact was so favorable that the state decided to expand thecoverage. This was provided in Cr. 690-IN, for US$12 M, effective August1977. Initially the project was highly promising: 2,400 multipurpose work-ers were transferred from the Community Development Department to control ofDOA. Together with 1,200 extension staff from special schemes, they coveredapproximately 90% of West Bengal's 4.0 farm families. They were trained withspecific messages for the farmers and, together with DOA technical staff,worked with farmers in identifying and solving field problems. Among theirachievements was the identification of loose smut disease and the taking ofremedial measures which prevented its recurrence. The proportion of kharif

rice under HYV has risen from an almost constant level of less than 10%through the first half of the 1970s, to over 20% by the end of the 1977season. Production of kharif rice is estimated to have been 5.87 milliontons in 1977, substantially above the previous record of 5.18 million tonsachieved during the excellent monsoon of 1975. However, since mid 1977 therehave been delays in financial sanctions and appointment of key staff. IDAis in frequent contact with project authorities, but little progress can beexpected until a clear cut commitment has been made by the state government.

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1.15 Under the Assam Agricultural Development Project (Cr. 728-IN, forUS$8 M, effective September 1977), Assam became the third state in the easternregion to reorganize its extension service. The project is to cover all ofthe approximately 1.9 M farm families in Assam's plains districts in a phasedmanner over a period of three years. The system has been introduced morerapidly than originally planned and now covers about 1.4 M farm families. TheGovernment of Assam expects to cover the remaining areas within the year. InNowgong, an administrative subdivision of Assam where the approach has beenapplied since kharif 1976, the percentage of area planted to HYV in the mainpaddy season has risen from about 7% in 1975 to 36% in 1977. In the samearea, nitrogen fertilizer use has increased by 85% and disbursements of short-term crop loans increased to ten times their previous level. In 1978 bothAssam and West Bengal had surplus wheat for the first time ever. This indi-cates a substantial acceleration in the pace of agricultural production inthese areas. Discussions with farmers during field visits confirm theseimpressions.

1.16 The most recent extension project, the Bihar Agricultural Extensionand Research Project (Cr. 761-IN, for US$8 M), became effective in May 1978.Through a reorganization of existing staff, about 9,000 VEW would becomeavailable--sufficient to reach all of Bihar's 7.6 M farm families. Theproject is phased to cover the entire state over a period of five years.

1.17 Encouraged by the impact which the Training and Visit system ofextension is having in areas where it has started operating, GOI is seekingto apply it more generally throughout India. The beneficial results describedabove and in Annex 6, Table 1 have not been achieved without difficulty norare they being achieved with equal success in all areas. The decision totransfer control of considerable numbers of multi-purpose extension workersto DOA and assign them to work exclusively on agriculture requires a majorreorganizational effort. It is difficult for state governments to make thisadministrative decision and maintain it once made. In West Bengal, forexample, the Government still has not placed Village Extension Workers (VEW)fully under control of the Department of Agriculture. Hence, the service hasbeen less effective than it might have been. The Government of Bihar alsofaced difficulty in maintaining its commitment to transfer VEW. Generally,the State Departments of Agriculture have found it difficult to get full andtimely financial sanctions from their respective Finance Departments. Thishas delayed staff recruitment and procurement of vehicles and slowed projectimplementation. However, as shown in the Chambal figures above, there areindications that where the system is being implemented, significant and rapidincreases in production occur. Under this project, the GOI Directorateof Agricultural Extension (DAE) would have an increased capability to helpstates overcome implementation difficulties. Although the project is demand-ing from the viewpoint of IDA review and technical assistance, the very greatpotential for significant improvement in food production and increased incomefor the rural sector justifies IDA participation.

Directorate of Agricultural Extension

1.18 Within the Central Government's Ministry of Agriculture, DAE isresponsible for agricultural extension. Since agricultural extension is a

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state responsibility, DAE's role is limited. Its function is to improve the

effectiveness of state extension programs and to provide leadership andguidance in the fields of extension training and farm information services.

It also provides guidance and support to programs directed at farm women and

youth. Further, DAE is designed as a service organization to the Ministry of

Agriculture and Irrigation and assists various subject matter divisions intheir training and information programs. DAE also administers and supervises

GOI sponsored schemes which provide funding for selected components (staff

and vehicles) in state operated agricultural extension programs utilizing theT & V system. DAE is headed by a Joint Secretary (Extension) who reports to

the Secretary for Agriculture. The Directorate is presently made up of threeunits covering Administration, Training and Farm Information, each headed bya Director. The Administration Unit is responsible for the administrative

support in DAE, supervision of the centrally sponsored scheme, and for assist-

ance in carrying out monitoring and evaluation programs. The Training Unit is

responsible for the organization and administration of regional and nationaltraining courses for extension staff, including those at three regional Exten-

sion Education Institutes. The Farm Information Unit provides publications

and educational materials to all subject matter divisions in the Ministry of

Agriculture; it also plans and produces literature on agricultural topics for

field extension workers. The present staffing pattern of the Directorate is

shown in Annex 5, Table 5.

Key Points in Agricultural Extension Programs

1.19 Agricultural Extension alone is not enough to insure agricultural

development. Development is dependent upon these essentials:

(a) new and changing technology;(b) market demand and systems for crops and livestock;(c) adequate incentives for the farmers;(d) timely availability of inputs;(e) transportation to market; and(f) availability of long and short term credit where needed.

Agricultural extension and general education, group action by farmers, favor-

able government policies, and equitable land ownership and use patterns can

act as accelerators to development. In the discussion above (paras 1.11 -1.17) of the ongoing projects, other key points identified for successful

agricultural extension programs include the following.

1.20 Transfer of VEW. Transfer of sufficient VEW to the control ofDOA is a first step in a successful agricultural extension program. A poten-

tial pitfall lies in political resistance to the transfer of a large number

of multipurpose (VLW) workers from the Community Development Department tothe DOA. Later, indiscriminate and frequent transfer of personnel between

and within projects and departments may interfere with the implementation andoperation of the project; therefore, the participating governments were askedto carefully consider such transfers in view of their effect on the project.

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1.21 Exclusive Assignment of VEW to Agricultural Extension. Extension

personnel should devote all of their time to professional agricultural exten-

sion work. They should not be assigned regulatory duties nor should they be

involved in the delivery of supplies, approval of, or supervision of credit.

Although these duties are important, non-extension personnel such as the VLW

remaining with the Community Development Department or workers in other

agencies or cooperatives should perform them. One of the advantages of the

T & V system is the reduction in written reports and other administrative

activities which permit VEW to devote most of their time to field extension

work and maintain the quite rigid time-bound plan of their work.

1.22 Incentives. Assurances must also be provided to those transferred

that their pay, allowances, and promotional opportunities will not be dimi-

nished by transfer. In addition, the new extension workers must be provided

training, opportunity for self development, adequate supervision and other

appropriate incentives to develop and sustain job satisfaction. A number

of fringe benefits such as loans for motorcycles and bicycles, government

housing and/or allowances, travel allowances, additional pay, provision for

educational leave with pay, and the secondment of personnel have been iden-

tified as helpful incentives; these are provided for in the Credit.

1.23 Sanctions and Budget Allocations. The government is responsible

for the sanction and monetary support of the positions, civil works, vehicles

and equipment needed for the successful operation of the extension service.

These are frequently delayed due to the complex and time consuming adminis-

trative procedures.

1.24 Phasing. The transfer of large numbers of personnel will generally

need to be scheduled so that administrative supervision and technical support

and training by SMS is available at the same rate as staff becomes available.

Implementation schedules which recognize the need for productive utilization

of personnel as they become available are provided in the state annexes. The

identification and posting of SMS is vital in this regard and vigorous action

is required. It is essential that those identified as SMS are properly quali-

fied and that the necessary training for SMS is available.

Agricultural Education, Research and the Agricultural Universities

1.25 Responsibility in the states for higher education and research in

agriculture is normally vested in State Agricultural Universities (SAU).

The present structure of SAU in India (21 universities in 16 states, plus

the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) which awards postgraduate

degrees) has evolved over the past twenty years. These universities were

developed with the objective of creating a system of scientific education

which would serve the needs of the farming community. The inservice training

activities described in Annex 4 are the responsibility of DOA. They will need

to be supported by the SAU under a formal training plan and instructional

commitments. The faculties are involved in both teaching and research.

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1.26 SAU have assumed responsibility for most research and experimental

stations within their respective states. Participation in national coordi-

nated research schemes sponsored by the Indian Council for Agricultural

Research (ICAR) has provided access to greater amounts of genetic material for

plant breeding programs, contributed to exchange of information and experience

between scientists, both within and among states, and helped improve the

quality of experimentation. The SAU generally have a Department of Extension

Education which provides instruction in and studies of agricultural extension

methodology.

1.27 India has made significant progress in recent years toward the devel-

opment of a highly competent, professional, and effective agricultural research

system. When fully developed, this system should be capable of generating and

introducing the scientific and technological advances required for sustained

growth in agricultural productivity. It has already demonstrated its worth

and effectiveness in several very important areas, notably with wheat, rice

and maize. The recently approved IDA-assisted National Agricultural Research

Project (NARP) will build on these achievements and enhance the abilities ofSAU to develop practical research programs which will generate location-

specific recommendations relevant to the particular needs of the states they

serve.

National Agricultural Research Project (NARP)

1.28 The objective of NARP is to strengthen the capability of SAU to con-

duct locally important research. It would achieve this through a reform of

existing university based agricultural research and would concentrate, inparticular, on research oriented towards the needs of local agro-ecological

zones, with special emphasis on foodgrains (cereals and pulses) and oilseeds.Particular attention would be paid to foodgrains grown under rainfed condi-tions, and to the integration of cropping patterns and animal husbandry

practices. The project would supplement existing GOI/ICAR support of SAU

through the All-India Coordinated Research Projects, ad hoc projects anduniversity development grants.

1.29 It is expected that the overwhelming emphasis in the first NationalAgricultural Research Project will be devoted to the establishment or strength-

ening of zonal main stations. The initial formulation of a research programfor such a station will need to draw on the experience available within theuniversity and the Department of Agriculture, but it will be important for

the station continuously to improve its knowledge of the problems and oppor-tunities in the influence area. For this purpose, it is proposed that thefollowing features be incorporated in the program for a zonal main station.

(a) Appointment of an agronomist at the main research station tocollaborate with DOA in the design, supervision of execution,

and analysis of the field testing program carried out by DOA,and in the analysis of feedback from the extension work in theinfluence area of the station;

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(b) Appointment of agricultural economist(s) at the zonal mainresearch station to study farming situations and constraints,analyze adoption patterns, determine the economic viabilityand risks of research findings and to review alternativefarm plans;

(c) Conducting a small number (10-20) of trials in cooperationwith the extension service on DOA farms and farmers' fields(besides substations) to verify the impact of research recom-mendations under varying soil, climatic and topographicalsituations; and

(d) Field tests of research in 2-3 villages to allow thescientists themselves to work with farmers in differentresource situations in the improvement of farming systems.

1.30 It is proposed that a seasonal zonal workshop between the universityand DOA SMS (active in the zone in question) would be a major forum for apermanent mechanism for review and improvement of research programs and ofrecommendations to farmers. Apart from generating research ideas, the sea-sonal zonal workshop would review the objectives of all research and extensionproposals and recommend priorities in relation to the needs of the region as awhole. The workshop would be under the chairmanship of the Associate Directorof Research or the Zonal Director of Agriculture and would include regionalresearch staff, selected university crop coordinators and Heads of Departments,Zonal Directors of Extension and DOA SMS in the zone. Proposals developed inthe district and reviewed at state level seasonal workshops would be refinedand adopted to zonal needs by the zonal workshop (see para 4.08).

Linkages between Extension and Research

1.31 A clear definition of responsibilities between DOA and the SAUis now emerging in most states. GOI is promoting a policy whereby the uni-

versity is made fully responsible for the development of new technology,while state DOA assume responsibility for the transfer of technology tofarmers, including widespread testing of research recommendations on farmers'fields. The cooperatively developed zonal commodity research program of SAUwould continue to identify and select improved varieties of the most importantcrops obtained from national and international research institutions, and alsoidentify economically appropriate practices directed to substantially increas-ing crop production and, at the same time, lowering farmers' risk. Selectedvarieties and production practices would then be tested at research stations,

seed farms, and on farmers' fields located in various agro-ecological zones.SAU staff would work closely with district and subdivisional extension staff,

particularly SMS, as much of the work at zonal stations would be in responseto the needs of local extension staff and farmers. The extension staff wouldwork with the research workers in carrying out a program of field trials and

analyzing and interpreting the results. These adaptive trials would thus bethe focal point for testing and introduction of new practices and would alsobe used for training extension staff. NARP (paras 1.28-1.30) would provideassistance to SAU to develop their research capability.

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II. THE PROJECT

A. General Description

2.01 The project seeks to achieve early and sustained improvement inagricultural production throughout the states of Gujarat, Karnataka andHaryana. This would be accomplished by reorganizing and strengthening stateagricultural extension services. In addition, it would strengthen theDirectorate of Agricultural Extension (DAE) of the GOI Ministry of Agricul-ture. The five-year project would comprise:

(a) reorganization and strengthening of agricultural extensionservices in these states by providing additional staff,housing, equipment, vehicles and staff training; and

(b) strengthening of DAE to improve its ability to assistall state extension efforts by providing DAE with addi-tional staff, equipment, vehicles and funds for consult-ant services, and training.

2.02 While the basic approach to reform of agricultural extension serv-ices is common to all participating states, necessary adjustments have beenmade in each state to take account of differing administrative arrangements,levels of agricultural development, agro-ecological conditions, populationdensities and communications. Detailed proposals, outlining the particularfeatures of each state component, are given in Annexes 1-3 and those of DAEin Annexes 4 and 5.

B. Detailed Features - State Components

The Extension Methodology

2.03 Under the project, agricultural extension services would be reor-ganized and intensified throughout the three states (see Map 13649R1), follow-ing the pattern successfully employed in other Indian states over the past 2-3years. The project would provide farmers, on a regular and systematic basis,with up-to-date advice on farming practices best suited to their specificconditions and emphasizing proven practices having immediate impact on income.This would be brought about by a regular system of training and visits byfield staff, supported by professional advice from within the DOA and fromresearch institutions. To this end, two major organizational changes wouldbe made: (1) the establishment of a single line of command from the Directorof Agriculture (DA) to the village level worker (VLW) and (2) the merging ofthe transferred VLW and all agricultural field staff into a unified extensionservice, employed exclusively on agricultural extension. VLW would be re-designated as village extension workers (VEW) to reflect their new exclusivelyagricultural role. Concerned states issued an administrative order prior

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to negotiations transferring sufficient VLW to DOA and agreed to retain them

with DOA during the project period. The VLW remaining with the CommunityDevelopment Department will handle the existing non-agricultural activities.

2.04 The number of farm families covered by each VEW would vary depend-ing on population density and accessibility but would be normally between 700and 800. The families assigned to each VEW would be subdivided into 8 smallgroups, usually of about 100 farmers. Each group would be visited regularlyon a given day during a two-week cycle. VEW would work primarily through 8to 10 contact farmers selected within each group. The extension message tobe communicated to farmers at the initial stage would be simple, concentratingon the most important crops in the locality and the most important aspectsof crop cultivation at the time in question. Initially, emphasis would beplaced on improved cultural practices. At a later stage, use of inputs andmore sophisticated cropping systems would be recommended. VEW would be super-vised in the field by AEO (each AEO would supervise about 8 VEW) who wouldwork with them during field visits to convince farmers to adopt recommendations.VEW would receive the extension message at training sessions held on a regularday in each fortnight by SMS. Training and visits would take 9 days per fort-night and the three working days remaining in the two-week work period wouldbe devoted to field trials, making up missed visits and performing occasional

office work.

Technical Support and Supervision

2.05 To ensure satisfactory levels of supervision, training and guidance,staff at the subdivisional and district levels would have to be strengthened.Additional staff requirements would be met by upgrading AEO, by transferof other staff with required qualifications, or by hiring new staff. Staff atsubdivisional level would include a Subdivisional Agricultural Officer (SDAO),with Assistant SDAO (ASDAO) in large subdivisions so as to retain a ratio ofabout 6-8 AEO per supervisor. To strengthen technical support and training,the project would provide a team of SMS at subdivisional level (usually oneeach in agronomy, plant protection and training). At district level, aDistrict Agricultural Officer (DAO) would supervise the work of subdivisionalstaff, while a number of specialists would provide additional technical supportin such specialties as water management, farm implements, entomology or horti-culture. SMS would divide their time about equally between field visits (in-cluding guiding and supporting lower level staff), research (including fieldtrials) and training. Provision has also been made for support staff. Minorvariations on this general pattern are described in the individual state annexes.

Incremental Staff Requirements

2.06 Following the transfer of a number of multi-purpose extensionworkers to full-time work in agriculture and their merger with extension stafffrom special schemes, each state would still require additional staff to meetdesired staffing levels. Numbers required would vary between individual statesand assurances were obtained that staff appointments would be made in accord-ance with respective state annexes. It was agreed that VEW posts transferredto DOA, and incremental posts established, would be retained for the projectperiod and that emoluments, benefits and promotional prospects would not beadversely affected as a result of joining the extension services.

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Housing, Offices and Other Buildings

2.07 The proposed extension methodology is based on regular and frequent

farm visits by field staff. Therefore, it is essential, for field level

staff and their supervisors to live near their areas of work. Assurances

were obtained that states would ensure that VEW and AEO would live in or near

areas assigned for their operations and for this purpose states would provide

such low cost housing or rent allowances as necessary. All states would con-

tinue to encourage the use of rented accommodation wherever possible. However,

in some rural areas, housing, either institutionally owned or for rent, is

limited and the project would provide for the construction of low cost housing

in these areas. In general, the project would provide housing for 23% of VEW

and AEO. With increased staffing levels, certain states would need to con-

struct new field offices or to expand existing ones. The states agreed to

furnish IDA, at regular intervals (through DAE), information on the progress

in locating sites for housing and offices to be financed through the Credit.

In Haryana, an office allowance would be paid for office space in or adjacent

to VEW house. In addition, some states would need to develop their training

facilities to meet increased needs. The project would provide for these

requirements. Details are given in individual state annexes.

Transport

2.08 Adequate transport is essential to enable field extension staff

to maintain fixed schedules of visits and for supervisory staff to reach the

field easily and frequently. The project would provide for additional motor

vehicles at Headquarters, Zonal, District, and Subdivisional levels; motor-

cycles for AEO, SMS and other supervisory staff; and bicycles for VEW. Staff

would be provided loans by the state governments to purchase motorcycles and

bicycles. Credit terms and travelling allowances were reviewed at negotia-

tions and assurances were obtained that they would be improved, if necessary,

to ensure sufficient incentive for purchase and utilization of these vehicles

by field staff. Funds would also be provided for the operation and maintenance

of vehicles and for staff travel and subsistence allowances. Provisions for

each state are detailed in the respective annexes.

Equipment and Incremental Operating Costs

2.09 To meet increased needs for training and office equipment, the pro-

ject would provide for simple audio-visual aids to support field operations

and for necessary office equipment and furniture. The project would also

provide incremental operating costs such as vehicle operation, materials,

housing and travelling allowances. In addition, the project would provide

funds for printing various materials (field notebooks, charts, etc.) for VEW,

for the purchase of small samples of seeds and other inputs for farmer train-

ing and establishment of field trials, and for simple visual aids.

Training

2.10 The project would support a variety of training activities, depend-

ing on the requirements of each state. These would include the key training

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program--the fortnightly training of VEW by SMS (para 2.04), preservice train-ing, additional seasonal training programs and special short courses for VEW.For more senior staff, in-state training programs would be organized by DOAand SAU. In the case of the training institute to be provided in Haryana,Haryana and IDA would agree by June 30, 1979 on the location, training objec-tives, course outlines and syllabus. DAE would organize specialized coursesfor SMS (para 2.14) and short duration international training for a fewselected staff at or by international institutions such as IRRI, ICRISATand CIMMYT. Each state will identify an officer to coordinate trainingactivities with the SAU and DAE.

Monitoring and Evaluation

2.11 Monitoring (and reporting) of physical and financial inputs wouldbe the responsibility of the principal officer responsible for project imple-mentation in each state. To provide systematic evaluation of the performanceof the project, a small unit with staff responsible for carrying out regularsample surveys would be set up at each state headquarters under the control ofthe Secretary of Agriculture. The ongoing analysis of the surveys would besupplemented by ad hoc studies, focussed on specific topics. Detailed guide-lines for monitoring and evaluation procedures have been drawn up and agreedwith DAE. These procedures are described in World Bank Staff Working PaperNo. 272, "A System for Monitoring and Evaluating Agricultural ExtensionProjects," which was prepared to provide a uniform system of evaluating andreporting for states undertaking extension reorganization with IDA assistance;it may be modified as experience is gained with the system. Assurances wereobtained at negotiations that all states would undertake monitoring and eval-uation and that results would be forwarded (through DAE) to the Associationat least once a year.

C. Detailed Features - Strengthening of Directorate of Agricultural Extension

2.12 The project would strengthen DAE through:

(a) the appointment of a Joint Commissioner (as deputy toJoint Secretary responsible for DAE), who would assumefull-time responsibility for supervision of DAE activitieswhich support all IDA-assisted state level agriculturalextension programs;

(b) the establishment of a new Field Extension Unit capable ofproviding assistance to the states in project implementation,monitoring and evaluation and in solving specialized tech-

nical problems;

(c) the strengthening of the Training Unit to raise the qualityof training in the states through a larger number of care-fully developed practical inservice training courses,particularly for SMS, at leading Indian institutions; and

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(d) the strengthening of the Farm Information Unit in order to

improve its capability to train state extension staff in

the preparation and use of communication aids and to provide

states with audio-visual training materials.

Program Supervision

2.13 To enable the Joint Commissioner to carry out routine supervision

of the six states in the ongoing IDA-financed extension projects and the three

additional states to be covered under this project, funds would be provided

for support staff, their operating costs, and for short-term consultancies to

provide technical support for project supervision. Assurances were obtained

at negotiations that GOI would undertake project supervision of state exten-

sion projects, provide technical assistance as required, and submit periodic

progress reports, the content of which was agreed at negotiations. GOI sanc-

tioned the post of Joint Commissioner and will appoint the Joint Commissioner

and a Director of the FEU prior to credit effectiveness.

The Field Extension Unit (FEU)

2.14 The Field Extension Unit would be headed by a Director and would

consist of two sections, each headed by a Joint Director who will be appointed

by May 1, 1979. The first would assist states in project implementation and

provide advice on the solution of specialized technical problems. To carry

out this role, the project would provide suitably qualified staff, supple-

mented by funds to recruit consultants who are directly engaged in ongoing

extension projects in their own state, to visit other states and assist

in developing more effective project organizations. DAE staff and consultants

would undertake intensive field visits, and discuss methods of improving im-

plementation. On completion of the visit they would submit a detailed report

identifying areas requiring further action. Copies of reports would be made

available to IDA. Where necessary, DAE would also arrange for the services

of technical experts in selected areas of specialization to visit states. The

second section of FEU would be a monitoring and evaluation unit which would

collect, summarize, and assist the states in the utilization of monitoring

and evaluation reports. The FEU would also check on the execution of dated

covenants by the states participating in IDA-funded extension projects.

Administrative Unit (AU)

2.15 The existing Administrative Unit would continue to perform its pre-

sent duties in support of DAE activities in personnel, accounts, and internal

administration. It would coordinate all central plan schemes, centrally

sponsored projects and development projects under bilateral agreements with

foreign governments. AU would collect, verify and pass on to the Department

of Economic Affairs and/or IDA, progress reports and administrative and

financial data pertaining to state procurement, civil works, expenditures,

audits and requests for disbursements. Assurances have been obtained from the

states that the progress reports required would be presented to DAE for the

periods ending March 31 and September 30 in the form agreed at negotiations.

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Training Unit (TU)

2.16 Although training of extension personnel is a state responsibility,

the Training Unit (TU) would continue to be responsible for providing leader-

ship and guidance to states in planning, implementing, coordinating and eval-

uating training programs for extension workers. To this end, GOI agreed to

provide necessary staff and equipment. Further, GOI agreed that a Joint

Director would be assigned exclusively to coordinate DAE support of training

programs to be carried out under these projects. In addition to assist-

ing states, TU organizes All-India and regional training programs, particu-

larly for SMS and senior officers, at agricultural universities and central

research and training institutes. Under the project, funds would be provided

to enable TU to organize about 40 training courses yearly for SMS at selectedinstitutions throughout India in selected topics such as improved crop hus-

bandry practices, water management, crop protection, etc. In order to planand organize this training, TU staff would be strengthened through secondment

of technical specialists from ICAR, SAU, other departments within the central

Ministry of Agriculture or from state governments. Funds (US$625,000) would

also be provided to enable TU to arrange training by such organizations as

IRRI, ICRISAT and CIMMYT and for TU personnel to visit states and help in

the design of appropriate training courses. TU would continue to evaluatecentrally sponsored training programs. See Annex 4 for further details.

Farm Information Unit (FIU)

2.17 At present, FIU produces audio-visual training materials (flip

charts, posters, slides, films, etc.) and publications, organizes training in

effective use of audio-visual aids in extension work, and assists states inthe identification of appropriate equipment and materials for various types of

extension activities. Under the project, FIU would be strengthened to helpit meet the specific needs of states by assigning a full-time Joint Director

with a small support staff to assist in the production of training materialswhich would be difficult to produce at state level or would have general

application in a number of states. FIU would arrange training programs incommunication techniques in conjunction with TU. The project would provide

for the additional staff, operating expenses and equipment required. Thedetails and costs are specified in Annex 5, Table 3.

III. COST ESTIMATES AND FINANCING

A. Cost Estimates

3.01 Detailed cost estimates for each state, based on the incrementalcosts of carrying out the project over a five-year period, are given in

Annexes 1 to 3, Tables 1 to 7, and for DAE in Annex 5, Tables 1 to 4.

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Dir. ofGujarat Haryana Karnataka Ag. Extn. Total US$M

-------------------Rs '000------------------------

IncrementalStaff 36,914 37,720 60,421 1,932 136,987 15.9

Civil Works 18,249 18,272 38,562 - 75,083 8.7Equipment 2,972 2,010 5,598 780 11,360 1.3Vehicles 10,000 7,025 13,057 190 30,272 3.5Training 4,347 3,983 19,364 - 27,694 3.2IncrementalOperatingCosts 31,011 22,424 26,205 8,554 /a 88,194 10.3

MonitoringandEvaluation 2,260 3,487 4,636 - 10,383 1.2

Total BeforeContin-gencies 105,753 94,921 167,843 11,456 379,973 44.1

ContingenciesPhysical 2,718 2,403 5,216 509 10,846 1.3Price 18,035 16,205 32,743 2,087 69,070 8.0

Subtotal 20,753 18,608 37,959 2,596 79,916 9.3

Total ProJectCosts (Rs) 126,506 113,529 205,802 14,052 459,889

US$M 14.7 13.2 23.9 1.6 53.4 53.4

/a Foreign and local consultant services (US$100,000) and training(US$625,000) are included in operating costs for DAE.

The above costs, based on findings during appraisal and updated to October 1978,include about US$3.2 M in duties and taxes and an estimated US$4.0 M in foreigncosts. Physical contingencies of 5% have been applied to civil works, equip-ment and training, and office and vehicle operating costs. Price contingencieshave been applied cumulatively as follows:

(a) local equipment and operating costs, 7% per annum for 1978,6.5% for 1979 and 6% thereafter;

(b) civil works, 8% for 1978, 7.5% for 1979 and 7% thereafter; and

(c) incremental salaries and training costs, 4% for 1978 and 6%per annum thereafter.

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B. Proposed Financing

3.02 Finance to cover total project costs of Rs 459.9 M (US$53.4 M)including contingencies, would be provided as follows:

Local SupportComponent Source Amount IDA Total

-------------US$ million…---------

Gujarat GOG/GOI 7.7 7.0 14.7Haryana GOH/GOI 7.0 6.2 13.2Karnataka GOK/GOI 12.8 11.1 23.9DAE GOI .9 .7 1.6

Grand Total 28.4 25.0 53.4Percentage (53%) (47%) (100%)

The proposed IDA Credit of US$25.0 M would be to GOI on standard terms andconditions and would finance about 50% of project costs, net of taxes andduties, but including estimated foreign exchange costs of US$4.0 M. IDA fundsfor state components would be channeled through GOI to GOG, GOH and GOK inaccordance with GOI standard arrangement for the financing of state develop-ment projects. The balance of project financing, beyond IDA financing, wouldcome from state government sources and GOI.

C. Procurement

3.03 The main items to be financed are: incremental staff salaries;vehicles, including bicycles and motorcycles; equipment; houses for VEWand AEO; offices; consultant costs, and training. Civil works contracts(US$8.7 M), primarily for 2,400 houses, would be small and dispersed, bothgeographically and over time; therefore, they would not be satisfactory forinternational competitive bidding. Contracts would be awarded on the basisof competitive bidding following local advertisement. There are numerousqualified local contractors to carry out such work. Arrangements for pre-paring tenders and overseeing construction were discussed during negotiations.All contracts for civil works, vehicles, equipment and furniture estimated tocost $100,000 or more shall be reviewed by IDA before bids are invited.

3.04 About 370 motor vehicles (US$2.0 M) of various types would berequired under the project. They would be purchased in small quantitiesover five years and would be widely dispersed in rural areas. As adequatemaintenance and availability of spare parts would be of paramount importance,this would necessitate purchase of locally made vehicles of types alreadyused by government departments. Thus, procurement would be by local compet-itive bidding under existing government procedures. Motorcycles and bicycles(US$1.5 M) would be purchased by individual staff from loan funds provided bystate governments; they would be expected to repay the purchase price.

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3.05 Orders for purchase of minor equipment and furniture (US$1.3 M)

would be bulked wherever possible and purchased according to established

local bidding procedures, except where valued at less than US$50,000 when

they would be purchased by prudent shopping through normal trade channels.

Assurances on procurement procedures mentioned in paras 3.03-3.05 were

obtained during negotiations.

3.06 The balance of project costs (US$30.6 M) would consist of local

training and fellowships (US$3.2 M), incremental salaries and allowances

(US$15.9 M), monitoring and evaluation (US$1.2 M), and incremental operating

expenditures for offices and vehicles (US$10.3 M) which would not involve

procurement. All of the above figures exclude contingencies which amount

to US$9.3 M.

D. Disbursement and Audit

3.07 Disbursements under the Credit would extend over five years for:

(a) 100% of the cost of consultants services and foreign

training;

(b) 100% of the foreign expenditures for directly imported

vehicles and equipment, or 80% of locally procured

vehicles and equipment;

(c) 80% of expenditures for civil works; and

(d) Gujarat 15%, Haryana 20%, Karnataka 15%, and DAE 5% of

total eligible staff costs 1/. The percentages are cal-

culated to bring total IDA disbursements to about 50% of

the cost of each state component.

3.08 Disbursements against expenditures for locally procured vehicles

and equipment costing Rs 50,000 or less, and payments under civil works con-

tracts for one or more progress payment(s) not exceeding Rs 100,000 and item

(d) above would be against a certified statement of expenditures, the docu-

mentation for which would not be submitted to IDA for review but would be

retained by the states involved and DAE. These documents would be available

for inspection by IDA during the course of project review missions. Disburse-

ment against all other items would be fully documented. Certificates of

expenditures would be audited at least once every six months and a report

submitted to IDA promptly thereafter. All disbursement applications would

be forwarded and projected through the Department of Economic Affairs.

Schedules of implementation and projected disbursements are presented in

Annex 6, Tables 2 and 3.

1/ Total extension staff salaries eligible for partial reimbursement would

be the following: VEW, AEO, ASDAO, SDAO, DAO, ZAO, ADA and SMS at sub-

division, district and state levels, or their equivalents.

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3.09 Assurances were obtained that separate accounts would be kept ofexpenditures made under the project. These would be audited annually foreach fiscal year, in accordance with sound auditing principles consistentlyapplied. Accounts would be submitted for audit within six months of theend of the financial year, audited not later than 9 months after the end ofeach such year, and the audited reports submitted to IDA promptly. Certifi-cates of expenditures would be audited at least once each six months and thereports furnished to IDA. Such reports would show, inter-alia, that thefunds withdrawn were used for the purpose intended, that goods have beenreceived or work performed, and that payments have been made. All reportswould be submitted by states to DAE for onward transmission (through theDepartment of Economic Affairs) to IDA.

IV. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT

A. State Components

4.01 Project Implementation. Overall responsibility for implementationof the statewide extension programs would lie with the Director of Agriculture.

4.02 Supervision. Within each state, an Additional Director of Agricul-ture (ADA) (Extension) would be responsible for day-to-day administration andcontrol of the extension program, supported by the existing administrativemachinery of the Department. ADA (Extension) would be responsible for recruit-ment and training of staff, budgeting, procurement, disbursement of funds andsubmission of periodic progress reports to IDA. The reorganized extensionprogram would involve a single line of command from the Director of Agriculture,through ADA (Extension), zonal, district, subdivisional agricultural officersto AEO and VEW at field level. See Organization Chart at each State Annex.

4.03 Coordination between Agencies. As neither extension nor researchcan function without close cooperation, these relationships would be formal-ized through regular meetings at state level and through close working rela-tionships at zonial and district level. Close coordination between extension,input supply, credit, adaptive research and SAU would be sought. Seasonalworkshops and a series of committees at state, zonal and district levelswould provide the mechanism.

4.04 To ensure adequate linkages between SAU and DOA, it was agreed atnegotiations that individual states would, by November 30, 1979, review and.where appropriate, strengthen arrangements for close cooperation betweenSAU and DOA. This would be promoted through state-, zonal- and district-leveltechnical committees (paras 4.05 and 4.06), informal contacts, exchange ofstaff, workshops, courses and collaboration in field testing programs. Also,under the T & V system of extension, SMS, employed by DOA, are expected tospend one third of their time in liaison with research. In addition, someSAU research staff at zonal stations are expected to allocate a certain pro-portion of their time for participation in DOA extension work. To further

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increase the exchange, it is suggested that the university and DOA should

reach agreement on the exchange of a certain number of staff for periods

ranging from 6 to 24 months. To bring together SMS in the two services,the university would be expected to arrange workshops at the zonal stations

(as discussed above) and statewide workshops for staff working on a particularcrop and/or in a particular discipline. Under the recently approved NARP,

zonal stations would be equipped to arrange courses for DOA extension

personnel in the zone.

4.05 The State Technical Committee (STC). Chaired by Director of Agri-

culture or Agricultural Production Commissioner and comprising senior officers

of both the university and DOA, this committee would meet twice a year. It

would provide a formal mechanism for review of university research and field

trials, and for review of proposed future research programs and extensionrecommendations from District Technical Committees.

4.06 District Technical Committees (DTC). Chaired by the DistrictAgricultural Officer (DAO), these committees would be established in each

district and comprise district level field staff, SMS, regional agronomists

of SAU (if practical, or their nominees in special subjects) and farmer rep-resentatives. DTC would meet at least twice yearly to review and formulate

recommended agricultural practices, including the identification of research

priorities and adaptive research and field demonstration programs, for onwardtransmission to the State Technical Committee.

4.07 Seasonal Zonal Workshops, chaired by the Zonal Director of Agri-culture or Associate Director of Research (SAU), would meet twice yearly,

before the kharif and rabi cropping seasons. These workshops would discuss

all implications of extension recommendations, ensure cooperation amongvarious input supply agencies and give due attention to problems of credit,

marketing and supply. The workshop would include representatives from SAU,

DOA, credit, marketing, agro-industries and other concerned agencies.

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4.08 The evolution of extension recommendations is shown below:

Function

District Technical Committee Reviews adaptive research(DAO/SMS/staff/farmers) and trials to generateLocal representatives proposed recommendationsof SAU and other and suggests field trials.organizations

Zonal Seasonal Workshop Assembles proposed recom-Zonal Directors and extension mendations from DTC instaff Associate Director of zone. Frames recommenda-Research SAU and staff tions after consideration

of research data, environ-mental and economic con-straints

State Technical Committee Reviews proposed recommen-Director of Agriculture (Chairman) dations passed from zonalADA (Extension) (Secretary) workshops. Approves orDirector of Research (SAU) suggests modification beforeDirector of Extension Education returning to DTC for imple-(SAU) Director, ICAR, Research mentationComplex (if any) Joint Directorof Agriculture (Field Trials)(if any)

District Technical Committee Adopts or rejects modifica-DAO-SMS-SDAO tions suggested by STC.

Formulates specific fort-nightly recommendations

B. Directorate of Agricultural Extension

4.09 Responsibility for the operation of DAE lies with the Joint Secretary(Extension), reporting to the Secretary of Agriculture through the AdditionalSecretary. He would be assisted by a Joint Commissioner (Extension) who wouldwork full time on the supervision of all IDA-assisted state level agriculturalextension programs. A Director would head each of the four units making upthe Directorate (See Organization Chart, Annex 5).

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4.10 The establishment of FEU would enable DAE to carry out adequate

project supervision and provide implementation and management assistance to

states. This would include, inter alia, the following activities.

(a) Substantive Supervision. This is the central supervision

activity. FEU would arrange for experienced advisors

engaged in extension programs in their own state to visit

another state to review all major aspects of field activi-

ties (particularly the regularity and quality of visits, the

relevance and quality of training, and the relevance of the

recommendations). Their terms of reference would be along

the lines of those used for such advisors when hired by the

Association for supervision. Each state would be visited by

such an advisor once each crop season (once every six months)

for about 15 days. The Joint Secretary or some other senior

officer from DAE would join each of these visits for at least

the last two days for round up discussions with state autho-

rities. The advisor's report would be available to the Asso-

ciation. Additional details, terms of reference and schedules

are available (see item B-5, Annex 7).

(b) Routine Supervision of Physical Progress. The Administra-

tive Unit of DAE and the FEU would receive semi-annual pro-

gress reports from each state. DAE is issuing instructions

to the states to insure the reports are submitted within two

weeks of the end of the reporting period. To assist the states

in preparing the reports correctly, DAE staff would visit each

state shortly before each substantive supervision described

above to review the state's most recent progress report and

resolve any questions arising. They would also review the

action taken on any dated covenants and assist in preparation

of withdrawal applications, including required documentation.

As the states gain expertise in this area, it may be possible

to reduce the frequency of this routine supervision. DAE will

process the progress report for each state every six months and

forward it to the Association.

(c) Monitoring and Evaluation. The DAE specialist to be appointed

in this area will visit each state at least once a year to

review and assist the state efforts to develop and utilize

systems of monitoring and evaluation. Normally this visit

would take place after the substantive supervision so that

evaluation efforts can be focussed on any issues raised in

that supervision. The frequency of visits may be changed

as experience warrants. A report on progress in establishing

the monitoring and evaluation procedures would be included in

the semi-annual report. A summary report on the evaluation

results from each state would be submitted to IDA each year.

(d) Training Unit and Farm Information Unit specialists would make

frequent visits to the states, as required.

- 24 -

(e) DAE would, by January 1, 1979, provide IDA with a detailedschedule of these activities, broken down by state, forthe subsequent 12 months and thereafter update this scheduleevery six months so that IDA and DAE supervision activitiescan be appropriately coordinated.

4.11 A breakdown of supervision responsibility among the administra-tive units of DAE is given below:

PrimaryImplementing Responsibility

Activity or Report Agency for Spn. & Review /a

Administrative Data of the States

Physical progress States FEUStaff recruitment States FEUVehicles and equipment

procurement States AU/FEUCivil works States AU/FEUFinancial expenditure States AU/FEUAudit States AU/FEURequests for disbursement States AU to DEA/IDADated Covenants States FEU to IDA

Administrative Data for DAE PeriodicReports DAE IDA

Monitoring and Evaluation Reports States FEU to IDA

Technical Activities

Supervision of program operation States FEUTraining VEW and SMS States TUAll-India and regional training TU TUApplied Research in existing

projects SAU/States FEU-ICAR-IDAExtension recommendations District StatesFarm information States FIU

/a FEU - Field Extension Unit; AU - Administrative Unit; TU - Training Unit;FIU - Farm Information Unit; DEA - Department of Economic Affairs.

V. BENEFITS, JUSTIFICATION AND RISKS

5.01 Financial Benefits. Total project costs over the five-year projectdevelopment period, excluding price contingencies, amount to about US$44 M

- 25 -

which is US$1.50/ha of cropped land or US$6.50 per farm family, assuming 6.8 Mbenefitting farm families of which 46% have farms of less than 2 ha. Thepoverty level income of US$70 per year corresponds to a farm of 2 to 4 hadepending on the availability of irrigation or dependable rainfall; 60% offarms would meet the poverty criteria. Incremental costs after the projectdevelopment period, to be met from state/GOI budget sources, would be aboutUS$6.6 M per annum or US$1.00 per farm family. Incremental costs would bepartly recovered by states through market levies on agricultural produceentering commercial markets. Stimulation of demand for agricultural inputswould also increase state revenues from sales taxes on these items.

5.02 Economic Benefits. Attributing a precise level of benefits to thistype of project is difficult since it is impossible to determine what propor-tion of the benefits expected from improved agricultural practices are due toextension alone and what are due to past research efforts, additional purchasedinputs, or more work by the farmer. In practice, it is often the combinationof all these, with extension playing a catalytic role, that brings the desiredbenefits. It is also difficult to estimate acceptance rates of recommendedpractices. However, since the project relies primarily on reorganization andstrengthening of an existing extension structure, the incremental cost of theproject is very low per ha and per farm family. Hence, even very small andslow production increases generate a high rate of return. For example, thisproject would generate a 50% rate of return if by 1985 foodgrain yields on halfof the cropped land were 12 kgs per ha (about 1%) higher than they would havebeen without the project. Where the extension system has been applied fora few years, yield increases have far exceeded these levels. Moreover, thepractices initially stressed by the extension service usually focus on im-proved cultural practices (timely operations, good land preparation, properseed rates, weeding, line sowing) which usually involve more work but littlecash outlay. They are thus often particularly well suited to the needs ofthe small cultivator.

5.03 Project Risks. The transfer of multipurpose field workers and theestablishment of a single, unified, professional extension service marks amajor departure from past practice in India. The fact that such a significantreform is underway in large parts of the country reflects a strong commitmentto developing an extension system capable of serving all farmers well. Never-theless, it is difficult for governments to make and maintain such decisions.The main risk, therefore, is that the various state governments will findit difficult to maintain a single line of command from extension headquartersto full time VEW who work exclusively on agriculture, following a systematicprogram of training and farm visits. To reduce these risks, substantialefforts were made during project preparation and appraisal to ensure fullunderstanding of the importance of this by the state governments. Duringnegotiations, assurances were obtained that VEW would remain as full timeagricultural extension workers under DOA throughout project execution.

5.04 Experience in other states has shown other risks to be minimal.Farmer responsiveness to recommendations has been generally excellent wherevervisits are made systematically. The ability of the service to develop anddisseminate recommendations leading to yield increases well above the 12

- 26 -

kg/ha needed for a 50% rate of return has also been demonstrated. Initially,at least in most situations, technology has not been a major constraint asthere is a backlog of research findings as yet not widely adopted. Justbringing the production of the average farmer up to that of the best bringsmajor yield increases. To reduce the risk of technological constraintslowering anticipated project benefits, the project supports programs offield testing and the development of good working relationships with SAU.A separate project, NARP, is directed at strengthening research facilitiesof the SAU to ensure a continuous stream of recommendations adapted tospecific zonal problems.

VI. AGREEMENTS REACHED AND RECOMMENDATIONS

6.01 During negotiations, assurances were obtained from GOI and theinvolved states on the following matters:

(a) The states and DAE assured that they would fill incrementalstaff positions in accordance with the schedules in therespective annexes (para 2.06).

(b) The states assured that all extension positions assigned tothe administrative control of the DOA under this projectshall be used exclusively for agricultural extension andretained under administrative control of DOA during projectexecution (para 2.06).

(c) The states assured that staff assigned to carry out exten-sion work under the project shall not be adversely affected,in respect of their entitlement to emoluments, benefitsand promotional prospects, by reason alone of such assign-ment (para 2.06).

(d) The states assured that they would ensure that village ex-tension workers and agricultural extension officers willlive in or near the areas assigned for their operations and,to this end, shall provide said workers and officers withsuch low cost housing or rental allowances as may be neces-sary for such purpose (para .2.07).

(e) The states assured that they would furnish to the Association,through DAE, at regular intervals, all such information as theAssociation shall reasonably request concerning the progressin locating sites for the houses and offices to be financedout of the proceeds of the credit (para 2.07).

(f) The states assured that credit and travelling allowances wouldbe made available to staff on such terms and conditions as tocreate incentive for the purchase and use of motorcycles orbicycles (para 2.08).

- 27 -

(g) The states assured that they would undertake monitoring andevaluation of the project in the form already agreed withDAE. Further, the states would forward to IDA (via Depart-ment of Economic Affairs) a yearly summary of results(para 2.11).

(h) GOI assured that, through DAE, it would undertake projectsupervision in all states participating in IDA-supportedprojects, would provide technical assistance as the statesmay require, and would submit periodic progress reports ina form acceptable to IDA (para 2.13).

(i) GOI assured that by May 1, 1979 it would establish, in amanner satisfactory to the Association, a separate FieldExtension Unit in DAE with the appointment of, inter alia,two Joint Directors (para 2.14).

(j) Each state assured that it would prepare, and present toDAE for transmission to IDA, administrative and financialdata pertaining to state procurement, civil works, expen-ditures, audits and requests for disbursements in accordancewith the time schedules agreed at negotiations (para 2.15).

(k) GOI assured that DAE would provide the Training Unit andthe Farm Information Unit, existing within DAE, with thenecessary staff and equipment, in a manner satisfactoryto the Association (paras 2.16-2.17).

(1) The states assured that, by November 30, 1979, they wouldreview and, where appropriate, strengthen arrangements forclose cooperation between DOA and SAU and thereafter, fromtime to time as the Association shall reasonably request,discuss with the Association the adequacy of said arrange-ments (para 4.04).

(m) Haryana assured that, by June 30, 1979, it would agree withIDA on the location, training objectives, course outlinesand syllabus of the Extension Training Institute (para 2.10).

(n) Haryana assured that it would pay office allowances to AEOand VEW only when office space is in or adjacent to theirhouse (para 2.07).

6.02 A condition of Credit effectiveness would be that GOI would appointa Joint Commissioner (Extension) and a Director of the Field Extension Unitin DAE (para 2.13).

6.03 To encourage the prompt implementation of the project and to recog-nize the early initiatives taken by Gujarat to implement the project, it isrecommended that retroactive financing up to a total of US$325,000 be madeavailable to Gujarat for expenditures after April 1, 1978; US$368,000 toKarnataka, and US$245,000 to Haryana for expenditures after October 3, 1978.

- 28 -

6.04 With these conditions and assurances the project would be suitablefor a Credit of US$25.0 M to GOI on standard IDA terms.

November 30, 1978

- 29 - ANNEX 1

Page 1

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

GUJARAT COMPONENT

I. General Description

1. The State of Gujarat, located along the northwestern coast of India,is characterized by low and highly variable rainfall and an extreme suscep-tibility to droughts and famine. The state, covers an area of 19.6 M ha, andhas a population of about 30.7 M (1977). It is relatively urbanized and hasa large modern manufacturing sector; but agriculture, which in a normal yearcontributes about 40% of the state income, has a predominant influence on thestate's economy. Continuous economic progress is largely dependent on theremoval of constraints to agricultural production, particularly through theexpansion of irrigation and farmer use of improved technology.

2. Agriculture employs about 65% of the labor force. Farmers (2.4 Mfarm families) are progressive and oriented towards cash crop production. Dueto low rainfall and limited irrigation facilities, yields are relatively low,but as a result of improved farming practices, they have increased faster inGujarat than in most other parts of India. Cultivation of high value cropsand relatively advanced farming practices make the productivity per agricul-tural worker the fourth highest in India.

3. Gujarat has a tropical monsoon climate with temperatures that aresuitable for year-round cropping. Daily minimum and maximum temperaturesrange from 13 -270C in January to 27 -41 C in May. Annual rainfall rangesfrom less than 300 mm in the northwest to over 2,000 mm in a small areain the southeast. Most parts of the state receive between 500 and 800 mm.About 95% of the rainfall occurs during the June-September monsoon. However,variations in timeliness and amounts are great and rainfall is highly unre-liable over more than 60% of the state.

4. The state divides naturally into three geographical units: theGujarat mainland, the Saurashtra Peninsula, and Kutch. Mainland Gujaratcomprises extensive alluvial plains flanked by hills in the east. Most ofthe southern mainland has deep black soils. The central mainland has sandyloam soils in the western part and medium deep black soils in the easternpart. The soils of the northern mainland range from sandy alluvium in thehilly areas along the Rajasthan border to sandy loam at lower elevations.

5. The central portion of the Saurashtra Peninsula is characterizedby low hills with coarse and shallow residual soils, underlain by porousweathered rock, alternatively with deep clay loam or alluvial basins.

- 30 -ANNEX 1Page 2

The Kutch land mass soils are generally derived from sandstones and lime-stones and are coarse in texture with satisfactory internal drainage. Largeareas are affected by salinity and the Ranns of Kutch are unsuitable foragriculture.

6. About 9.8 M ha (52%) of the land is under cultivation. Croppingintensity (107%) is one of the lowest in India. However, this figure givesa somewhat misleading picture of the intensity of land use since almost one-fifth of the area is cultivated with either two seasonal or perennial crops.Given the low rainfall, the intensity of cultivation cannot be significantlyincreased without irrigation. Further increases in agricultural income areprimarily dependent on continued yield increases in rainfed areas, expansionof irrigation and shifts in cropping patterns to higher value crops.

7. There are three cropping seasons in Gujarat: kharif (June-October),rabi (November-February), and hot weather (March-May). Most of the croppingis done during kharif, utilizing the monsoon rainfall. Rabi crops are grownon residual soil moisture or with irrigation. Except in limited areas withperennial irrigation, there is no cultivation during the hot weather season.

8. The climate and soils are suitable for many crops including cotton,groundnuts and tobacco. Gujarat produces about one-quarter of India's cottonand groundnuts and one-third of its tobacco. Cereals--primarily pearl milletand sorghum--and pulses account for less than half the cropped area. As aresult, Gujarat is seriously deficient in foodgrains; in a normal year pro-duction is about 4.5 M tons compared to estimated requirements of 5.5 M tons.

9. Dairy and livestock provide important income to many farmers inGujarat. "Amul" (Karra District Cooperative Milk Producers' Union) is amodel for dairy development. Its 235,000 members process 600,000 litersper day, largely for the Bombay market. The success of "Amul" is beingreplicated throughout the state and now there is a well-established networkof about 2,000 dairy cooperatives. Although Animal Husbandry is a separatedepartment of government, there is scope for cooperation with DOA in providingextension advice in production of feed crops.

II. Agricultural Services

Extension Service

10. At present, field level extension work is the responsibility ofthe local government authorities. These locally elected bodies are at threelevels: the district, the taluka (or block) and the village. Extensionwork is carried out by the Village Extension Worker (VEW) who is also respon-sible for all community development services. VEW are responsible to theTaluka Development Officer (TDO) (See Chart 19153). For technical (as opposed

-31 - ANNEX I

Page 3

to administrative) control, the VEW is supervised by the AEO who is alsoadministratively responsible to TDO, but technically responsible to theDistrict Agricultural Officer (DAO). DAO are under the technical control ofthe Director of Agriculture, but under the administrative control of theDistrict Development Officer (DDO). In addition to these staff, thereare a number of special crop development schemes and intensive developmentprojects under the control of DOA that have special staff directly employedby the Department and supervised by the DAO.

Education and Training

11. The Gujarat Agricultural University has three agricultural collegessituated in different agro-ecological zones of the state. These are locatedat Anand, Navsari and Junagadh. Each has a capacity for training about 100students a year in degree and postgraduate courses. In addition, a new campusis being built at Dantiwada, chiefly for postgraduate training and research.There are four gramsevak (i.e. VEW) training centers which give two yearpreservice training courses and one year refresher courses for VEW. Thesecenters are run by the university which also offers inservice training coursesat agricultural colleges. There are also a number of farmers' trainingcenters in Gujarat offering one or two week courses in special topics.

Research

12. Research is carried out at the campuses of the Gujarat AgriculturalUniversity and at the university's zonal stations located in other parts ofthe state. There are five zonal stations, each working on the researchrequirements of its particular zone, and a number of main research stationsworking on particular crops or topics (such as cotton or rural engineering).Coordination between research workers and DOA is maintained through thepresence of DOA staff on the Research Council and research subcommittees(See Chart 19154). In addition, the university and DOA each hold periodicseminars, training programs and workshops which are attended by representa-tives of the other organizations.

Agricultural Credit

13. Both commercial banks and cooperative credit banks offer facilitiesto farmers. Since commercial bank terms are less favorable than those of thecooperative banks, the former tend to be used primarily in areas where nocooperative banks have been developed. Commercial banks only account forabout 20% of institutional credit and their share of lending is declining.Banks have their own Development Officers assessing and supervising the loans.The two main cooperative banks are the Gujarat State Cooperative Apex Bank(short- and medium-term credit) and the Gujarat Land Development Bank (long-term credit).

Input Supply and Transportation

14. Cooperatives play a major role in a well developed system for distri-bution and sale of seeds, fertilizers and pesticides throughout the state.

- 32 -ANNEX 1Page 4

Gujarat is more than self-sufficient in the production of nitrogenous andphosphatic fertilizers. The road system is relatively well-developed and 90percent of the villages are located within 3 km of a regular bus route.

Marketing and Processing

15. With about half the area under cash crops, Gujarat has a welldeveloped system for marketing and processing agricultural produce. It hasthe capacity to absorb all production increases expected from the project.Present and future storage requirements could be met by the WarehousingCorporation presently working in the state.

III. The Project

A. General Description

16. The project would reorganize and strengthen the extension servicesin 18 of the 19 districts of Gujarat 1/. It would improve the efficiency ofthe service by: (i) intensifying contacts between extension workers andfarmers; (ii) upgrading the standards of training of extension workers; and(iii) improving the quality of technical packages through better adaptiveresearch. Specifically, the five-year project would comprise the reorganiza-tion and strengthening of the agricultural extension service by provisionof additional staff, housing, offices, equipment, vehicles and staff training.

17. All special schemes would be integrated into a single extension pro-gram. In 1978-79 the major thrust would be the implementation of integratedpest control for cotton, the most important crop in Gujarat. This programwould require the VEW to maintain an intensive training and visit scheduleand should serve as a pilot for other extension programs. Groundnuts, pearlmillet, sorghum, paddy and wheat are other important crops for which theextension service would regularly and systematically provide farmers withup-to-date advice, and demonstration of farming practices best suited totheir specific conditions which are capable of having an immediate impact onproduction and income. Since the overwhelming proportion of farmers arewholly dependent on rainfall, emphasis would be placed on raising yields bybetter cultural practices (such as seed treatment, timely sowing of groundnutsand pearl millet, weed control), introduction of new varieties and new crops(such as cumin) and, where appropriate, more efficient use of irrigation water.For more details, see Appraisal of the Gujarat Agricultural DevelopmentProject (March 1978), available in the project file.

1/ Kutch District is proposed for intensive animal husbandry development.

- 33 - ANNEX 1

Page 5

B. Detailed Features

Agricultural Extension

18. The project would introduce the T & V extension system in ten dis-

tricts in the first year and eight in the second. Full-time village level

agricultural extension workers (VEW) would be appointed, each would cover

about 500-800 farmers in groups of 60-100. VEW would attend training seminars

held once a fortnight by SMS (para 21) who would use technical material pre-

pared by District Technical Committees. In alternate weeks, VEW would meet

in the field with their immediate supervisors, AEO, to discuss farmers' prob-

lems. Two days each fortnight would be spent by VEW attending demonstrations

and field trials, making up visits missed during the fortnight, or performing

occasional administrative work.

19. To carry out this system, 840 additional VEW would be required, 24

additional SMS, and a total of 47 supervisory staff at subdivisional, district,

zonal and headquarters levels, plus support staff for all these incremental

officers (see Table 8). The organizational structure is explained more fully

in paragraphs 24 and 25. Additional staff would be appointed by the end of

the second year of the project.

Housing, Offices and Transportation

20. The proposed methodology is based on regular and frequent farm

visits by extension staff. At present, housing available for rent in rural

areas is limited and extension workers rely on public transportation. GOG

would encourage field level staff to live in or near their assigned area by

either providing low-cost housing or paying staff housing allowances. The

project provides for renovation of existing housing that is suitably located

and for the construction of low-cost housing. Hence, at full development,

housing would be provided for about 60% of VEW and 50% of AEO and subdivi-

sional staff. The project would finance construction of subdivisional offices

in the 37 subdivisions created under the project and provide equipment and

furniture. The project also provides for additional equipment and vehicles

at headquarters, subdivisional and district levels, including loans for

motorcycles to AEO and bicycles for VEW. Loan provision is made for 75% of

the staff. It is believed that not more than this proportion would wish to

buy them as a good state bus service is available and in some areas sandy

soils are unsuitable for cycles. Provision has been made in project costs

for operating costs of incremental departmental vehicles and incremental

staff travelling allowances.

Training

21. At the start of the project, training would be provided for both

new and existing staff. The project provides for training fellowships for

SMS, inservice and short-term training, and scholarships for advanced train-

ing for a few staff to improve their promotion prospects. A limited amount

of equipment and instructional aids required for staff training would be

included in the project.

-34 - ANNEX 1Page 6

Monitoring and Evaluation

22. The project would fund the staff and equipment to carry out monitor-ing and evaluation of the project in order to provide management with theinformation needed for day-to-day management and longer term policy planning.The monitoring and evaluation unit, which would report directly to the Secre-tary of Agriculture, would consist of a Joint Director of Agriculture, twoDeputy Directors (one to head the Sample Survey Section and the other the adhoc studies section), an agricultural economist, a social scientist and fouragricultural officers. These would be supported in the field by 4 fieldsupervisors and 24 data collectors, plus office support staff. The metho-dology to be used would be similar to that described in the World Bank StaffWorking Paper No. 272, "A System of Monitoring and Evaluating AgriculturalExtension Projects."

Project Costs

23. Detailed costs, which include physical and price contingencies,duties and taxes, are estimated at US$14.7 M, and are shown in Tables 1-7.

C. Operation

Agricultural Extension

24. A principal objective of the reorganization is to establish a directline of command from the Director of Agriculture to VEW. VEW and AEO, who areat present under the administrative control of the Taluka Development Officer,would come under the administrative control of the DAO through the SDAO (para10); they would be exclusively concerned with agricultural extension. Payand allowances would, however, continue to be paid by the Taluka Panchayat;disciplinary control over AEO would be exercised by the DDO since he is thechief executive officer of the district, but he would exercise his control onthe advice of the DAO. While the DAO would have the ultimate authority overVEW, DDO, on the advice of the DAO, would be the ultimate authority over AEO.

25. To make the span of control of the DAO more manageable, two orthree subdivisions would be created in each district, totaling 37 statewide.Each subdivision would be headed by a Subdivisional Agricultural Officer(SDAO), assisted by an Assistant SDAO in those subdivisions that have morethan eight AEO. Subdivisional offices would provide technical support toAEO and VEW by the presence of two SMS, one specializing in crop productionand the other in plant protection. At the district level, each of the 18districts would have between two and four SMS with greater specializationdepending on the particular needs of the district. Districts would be groupedinto four zones, each under the control of a Joint Director of Agriculture whowould report to the Additional Director of Agriculture (ADA) (Extension) atheadquarters.

- 35 - ANNEX 1

Page 7

26. The Secretary for Agriculture would have overall responsibilityfor the program which would be carried out by the Director of Agriculture,assisted by one ADA (Extension). The ADA would be responsible to the Directorof Agriculture for day-to-day administration and control of the entire exten-sion program. He would be assisted by a team of three SMS who would beresponsible for developing extension training programs, arranging for staffto be sent to training institutions both within and outside Gujarat, andreviewing extension recommendations. This directorate would be respon-sible inter alia for recruitment and training of staff, budgeting and pro-curement, and progress reports.

Linkages between Extension and Research

27. As neither extension nor research can function effectively withoutclose coordination, regular meetings at state, zonal and district levels andworking relationships at all levels would be necessary. Extension-researchlinkages are discussed in para 4.03. Technical Committees at the districtlevel would review and formulate field trial work programs and extensionrecommendations. When formulated, these would be submitted first to a zonalcommittee where they would be reviewed and checked for appropriateness inthe agro-ecological zone, then passed to a state level technical committee,chaired by the Director of Agriculture. It would comprise the AdditionalDirector of Agriculture (as Secretary), Director of Research, Director ofExtension Education, headquarters SMS, and district level representatives.This committee would review seasonal extension and adaptive trial results,modify and approve programs and recommendations submitted by the districttechnical committees and review overall progress. It would also assessinput and credit supply requirements associated with extension recommenda-tions. These would then be passed to the appropriate supply agency. TheADA (Extension), who is also Secretary of the State Level Council, wouldmaintain contact with research work being carried out at Gujarat AgriculturalUniversity, would be responsible for getting recommendations finalized by thisCouncil, and verifying them in farmers' fields. Field trials that demandcostly expenditure or involve a greater risk and require closer supervisionwould be carried out on the State trial-cum-demonstration farms.

28. A Project Coordination Committee, chaired by the Secretary ofAgriculture, would be set up to ensure cooperation among various governmentorganizations, Gujarat Agricultural University and credit institutions.It would meet at least twice a year. It would also ensure that problemsof credit, marketing and input supplies were given due attention, and wouldinclude senior officials of organizations concerned with research, marketing,input supply and credit.

- 36 -

INDIAANNEX 1

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT Table 1

Gujarat Component

Sumnary of Prolect Costs(Rs.'000)

ForeignYear Exchange

1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL % CostCivil Works (Table 2)New construction 4647 4647 3165 - - 12459 - -

Rehabilitation 1920 1920 1950 - - 5790 - -

Sub total 6567 6567 5115 - - 18249 - -

Vehicles_gEuipment (Table 3)Departmental vehicles 4760 2000 - - - 6760 25 1690Staff owned vehicles 710 710 710 710 400 3240 25 810Equipment 1848 907 79 69 69 2972 40 1189

Sub total 7318 3617 789 779 469 12972 28 3689Trainine Costs (Table 4)Inservice training 115 173 270 308 336 1202 - -Special short courses 206 296 360 400 400 1662 - -Orientation training 288 120 - - - 408 - -Refresher training 35 35 35 35 35 175 - -Scholarships - 150 250 250 250 900

Sub total 644 774 915 993 1021 4347 - -

Incremental Staff Salaries (Table 5)Headquarters 66 66 66 66 66 330 - -Zonal 136 136 136 136 136 680 - -District 131 182 182 182 182 859 - -Subdivision 55 492 492 492 492 2023 - -Field level 4272 5040 5040 5040 5040 24432 - -Support staff 1402 1797 1797 1797 1797 8590 - -

Sub total 6062 7713 7713 7713 7713 36914 - -

Incremental Operating Costs (Table 6)Operating expenses 715 1530 2042 2042 2042 8371 30 2511Housing allowances 133 149 149 149 149 729 - -Travel allowances 2116 2813 2813 2813 2813 13368 -Vehicle Operating Costs 1295 1812 1812 1812 1812 8543 30 2563

Sub total 4259 6304 6816 6816 6816 31011 16 5074

Monitoring and Evaluation (Table 7)Staff 394 394 394 394 394 1970 - -Equipment 110 - - - - 110 40 44Operating Costs 36 36 36 36 36 180 30 54

Sub total 540 430 430 430 430 2260 4 98

TOTAL BASE COSTS 25,390 25,405 21,778 16,731 16,449 105,753 8 8,861

Physical Contingencies 646 706 627 370 369 2,718 8 217Price contingencies 1,285 3,018 4,140 4,206 5,386 18,035 8 1,443

Total contingencies 1,931 3,724 4,767 4,576 5,755 20,753 8 1,660

TOTAL PROJECT COST 27,321 29,129 26,545 21,307 22,204 126,506 8 10 2521

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Gujarat Component

Civil Works(RR. '000)

Unit Year I Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5Particulars Quantity Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost Total

New Constructions: VEW quarters 564 10 200 2000 200 2000 164 1640 - - - - 5640AEO quarters - - -- -SMS quarters 74 12.6 25 315 25 315 24 302 - - - - 932SDAO quarters 80 22.5 30 675 30 675 20 450 - - - - 1800S.D.Office 37 _ __ 1 0A 5 15 1657 15 1657 7 773_ _ 7 - 4087

Sub total - - - 4647 - 4647 - 3165 - - - - 12459

Rehabilitation: bVEW quarter 1500 3 500 1500 500 1500 500 1500 _ _ _ _ 4500AEO quarter 215 6 70 420 70 420 75 450 - - - - 1290

Sub total - - 1920 - 1920 - 1950 - - - - 5790

TOTAL - Civil Works - - - 6567 - 6567 - 5115 - - - - 18249Physical Contingencies (5%) - - - 328 - 328 - 256 - - - - 912

GRAND TOTAL - 6895 - 6895 - 5371 - - - - 19161

^/ Housina Provision as followasTotal Staff _ itinRqtrs. Rehabilitation New Total 7 of housing provision

VLWs 3440 1760 1500 564 2064 60%AEOs 431 245 215 - 215 55%

SMS, SDAO & ASDAO 152 - - 80 80 50%

b/ Average rehabilitation cost at 50% cost of new quarters.

'. l§

INDIA

COMP0SITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Guiarat Component

Vebieles dad t

(Rs. '000)

Quanti Unit Year I Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 TotalVehicles Type tv Cost No, Cost No. Cost No. Cost _ _o. Cost No. Cost CostD.Partmental:Headquarters a/ Sedan 2 35 2 70 - 70Zonal b/ ( Sedan 4 35 4 140 - - - - - - - - 140

Jeep(Diesel) 4 50 4 200 - - - - - - - - 200District c/ Jeep(Diesel) 32 50 20 1000 12 600 - - - - - - 1600Sub-division d/ Jeep(Diesel) 95 50 67 3350 28 1400 - - _ _ _ 4750Sub total - - - 4760 - 2000 - - - - - - 6760_Staff-ownedAEO e/ Motor cycle 325 6 75 450 75 450 75 450 75 450 25 150 1950 XVEW e/ Bicycle 2580 0.5 520 260 520 260 520 260 520 260 500 250 1290Sub total 710 710 710 710 400 3240Equioments:Headquarters f/ - - - 18 - 18 - 10 - - - - 46District &/ - 45 10 450 6 270 - - - - _ _ 720Sub-division h/ - 50 26 1300 11 550 - - - - - - 1850Other extension aids i/ - 80- 69 - 69 - 69 - 69 356Sub total _ _ 1848 _ 907 _ _ _ 79 69 69 2972Total Vehicles and E'uipment 7318 3617 789 779 469 12972Physical contingencies 5X J/ 92 45 _____ 4 3 3 147GRAND TOTAL _ _ _ _ _ 7410 3662 7782 472 13119

Note: a/ At HQs two sedans for one ADA and three SMS.b/ At Zonal level, one sedan and one jeep.c/ At District level, two jeeps have been provided for 3 SMS. No jeep is provided for DAO, as they already have one.

Similarly no van is provided as they exist at present.d/ At sub-division level, two jeeps we provided for sub-division plus one for each ASDAO.e/ Provision for motor cycle and bicycle loan have been provided for 75% of the AEOs and VLEWs respectively.f/ Photographic equipment, slide duplicator, photocopying machine, calculator.S/ One set audio-visual equipment (everhead projector, slide projector, screen, cassette recorder, megaphone,

blackboard, flanniel board and chart board), Stencil duplicator, office equlpment and accessories,h/ One set audio-visual equipment, duplicator, typewriters.i/ Includes folding blackboard for VEW and small library, etc, at subdivislona (Rs, 100 per VEW and RP, 300

per subdivision).J/ Physical contingencies are not calculated on vehicles.

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Guj arat Component

Training Costs(Rs.'000)

Quan- Unit Year I Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 TotalType of training titv Cost No, Cost No. Cost __No. Cost No, Cost No. Cost Cost

In-service traini_gPre-season_training E/VEW 11480 0.07 1000 70 1500 105 2500 175 3040 213 3440 241 804Other staff 2649 0.15 _00 45 450 68 633 95 633 95 633 95 398

sub total _ _ _ 115 _ _ _ 1 3 _ _ _ _270 308 336 1202

Special Short CoursesVEW/AEO b/ 15642 0.07 1800 126 2800 196 3300 231 3871 271 3871 271 1095Other staff c/ 567 1.00 80 80 100 100 129 129_ 129 129 129 129 567

Sub total 206 _L296 360 400 400 1662

Orientation traininR 4073 0.10 2878 288 1195 120 a- - - - - 408

VEW Refresher Training 20Z 700 0.25 140 35 140 35 140 35 140 35 140 35 175

Scholarship - - - - 150 - 250 - 250 - 250 900TOTAL: Training - - 644 - 774 - 915 - 993 - 1021 4347Physical contingencies (5%) _/_ 6 16 24 24 24 94

GRAND TOTAL 650 _ 790 939 1017 1045 4441

Note: a/ Twice a year for a total of about six days. Other staff includes AEO, SMS, SDAO, DAO.b/ Once a year for about one week at district level.c/ Specialised training primarily for SMS at all levels.d/ Physical contingencies only calculated in training above sub-division level.

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Gutarat Ioqponent

Incremental StaE Salaries(Rs. '000)

Annual unit 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year TotalIncremental cost a/ No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost CostExtension StaffHeadquarters:Addl. Dir. of Agr.(Extn.) 30 1 30 1 30 1 30 1 30 1 30 150Subject Matter Specialist 12 3 36 3 36 3 36 3 36 3 36 180

Sub total 66 66 66 66 66 330Zonal:Joint Director 22 4 88 4 88 4 88 4 88 4 88 440 -Dy. Director (Inputs) 12 4 48 4 48 4 48 4 48 4 48 240 0

Sub total 136 136 136 136 136 680District:

Additional D.A.0. 12 10 120 16 160 16 160 16 160 16 160 760Subject Matter Specialist 11 -1 11 2 22 2 _ 2_ 2 2 22 2 22 99

Sub total __131 182 _ 182 182 182 859Sub-Division:S.D.A.O. 11 - - 11 121 11 121 11 121 11 121 484A.S.D.A.0. 11 5 55 11 121 11 121 11 121 11 121 539S.M.S. _ 10 _ 25 250 25 250 25 250 25 250 1000

Sub total 55 492 492 __492 4 2023Field Level:

VEW 6__ 712 _ _4272 840 _504,0 8,40 5040 _840 _ 5,040 _840 _ 5040 24432Support Staff:Headquarters b/ 113 - 113 - 113 - 113 - 113 - 113 565Zones c 97 - 388 - 388 - 388 - 388 - 388 1940Districts d/ 9 90 - 144 - 144 - 144 - 144 666Sub-divisions e/ _31 _ _ _ 811 - 1152 - 1152 - 1152 - 1152 5419

Sub total - 1402 1797 - 1797 - 1797 - 1797 8590

GRAND TOTAL - 6062 - 7713 - 7713 - 7713 - 7713 36914

Note: a/ Includes basic pay plus regular allowances. h/ 2 technical officers, 2 statistical officers, clerks, typists, drivers.c/ I technical officer, I assistant technical officer, clerks, typists, drivers. 4/ Driver._e Clerks, drivers.

INDIA

COIWOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Gujarat Component

Iincretental Operatitng Costs

(Ra.'000)

Unit cost Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total

Per man/year No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No, Cost No. Cost Cost

0perational Expenses & Extension MaterialsyEW 0.4 a/ 2439 488 3440 1032 3440 1376 3440 1376 3440 1376 5648AEO 0.7 a/ 306 107 431 226 431 302 431 302 431 302 1239Sub-division and above 1.8 a/ 133 120 202 272 202 364 202 364 202 364 1484

Sub total - 715 - 1530 - 2042 - 2042 - 2042 8371Incremental Housina Allowance:New staff b/ - 69 - 85 - 85 - 85 - 85 409Existing staff c/ - 64 - 64 _ 64 - 64 - 64 320 -

Sub total -_133 - 149 _ 149 - 149 - 149 729Incremental Travel Allowances and Expenses:VEW New 0.56 d/ 712 399 840 470 840 470: 840 470 840 470 2279VEW Existing 0.20 d/ 2180 436 2600 520 2600 520 2600 520 2600 520 2516AEO 3.30 e/ 306 1010 431 1422 431 1422 431 1422 431 1422 6698Sub-Division 1.80 93 167 136 245 136 245 136 245 136 245 1147District and above 2.00 __ _52___ 104 _78 _ 156 78 156 78 156 78 156 728

Sub total _1 I _ f 813 _ 2813 - _213 11RVehicle Operaing_ Costs:

Headquarter petrol 17.5 f/ 5 88 5 88 5 88 5 88 5 88 440Zonal petrol and diesel 14,4 / 8 115 8 115 8 llS 8 115 8. 115 575District diesel 11.25 i/ 30 338 48 540 48 540 48 540 48 540 2498Sub-division diesel 11.25 h/_ 67 _754_ 95 1069 95 1069 95 1069 95 1069 5030

TOTAL: Operating Costs All - 4259 - 6304 - 6816 - 6816 - 6816 31011

Physical contingencies at 5 - 213 - _35 -- 34f -- _341 34 551GRAND TOTAL - Vehicle operating Costs _ 4472 - 6619 7_ 7157 - 7157 7 _ 7157 3259 _

Note: a/ Includes printing of diaries, charts and instructional materials, samples of small implements, seeds and pesticides for demonstration/training purposes, materials (poster, paper, paints) for simple visual slides. Taken at 50% of cost in year 1, 757 of cost in year 2).

b/ Calculated at 10% of the incremental staff salaries (Table 5) for the 157 of the staff who rent quarters.c/ Incremental of Rs. 10 p.m. for the 157 of the staff who rent quarters.d/ Assumes existing fixed T.A. raised from Rs. 30 to Rs. 40 p.m. plus Rs. 7 p.m. for maintaining bicycle.e/ AEOs mileage allowance Rs. 2400 per year (8000 kan x 0.3 per km) plus assumed T.A. adjusted to approximately Rs. 1200 per year

(Rs. 100 p.m.) from present average of about Rs. 300 per year. ILf/ 25,000 kms/year at Rs. 0.70 per km, includes 3 existing vehicles with HQ. (4 petrol plus 4 diesel) x/ 25,000 kms/yesr at Rs. 0.70 per km, for 4 petrol vehicles at Rs. 0.45 for 4 diesel vehicles. oj-

E/I 25,000 kms/year at Rs. 0.45 per km. includes one existing vehicle with each DAO,

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Gujarat Component

Monitoring and Evaluation

(Rs. '000)

Unit Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 TOTALCost (Rs.) No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost

STAFF (Salaries & allowances)Joint Director (Evaluation) 24,240 1 24 1 24 1 24 1 24 1 24 120Deputy Director (Evaluation) 14,640 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 75Deputy Director (Sociology) 14,640 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 1 15 75Tech.Officer (Ag.Economist) 12,720 1 13 1 13 1 13 1 13 1 13 65Tech.Officer (Social Scien-

tist) 12,720 1 13 1 13 1 13 1 13 1 13 65Agr. Officer (Research) 9,600 4 38 4 38 4 38 4 38 4 38 190Agr. Supervisor (Field) 7,680 4 31 4 31 4 31 4 31 4 31 155Agr. Supervisor (Data) 7,680 24 184 24 184 24 184 24 184 24 184 920Support Staff a/ - 14 61 14 61 14 61 14 61 14 61 305

Sub-total 394 394 394 394 394 1,970

BQUIPMENTCar 35,000 1 35 - - - - 35Jeep 55,000 1 55 - - - - 55Calculating machines 1,000 10 10 - - - - 10Furniture 1 - - - _ 10

Sub-total 110 - - - _ 110

OPERATING COSTSCar 16,250 16 16 16 16 16 80Jeep 10,000 10 10 10 10 10 50Office stationary, etc. 10,000 10 10 10 10 10 50

Sub-total 36 36 36 36 36 180

TOTAL MONITORING AND EVALUATION 540 430 430 430 430 2,260

Physical Contingencies (5%) 7 2 2 2 1 14

GRAND TOTAL 547 432 432 432 431 2,274

a/ Driver, clerks, typists, messenger.

- 43 -

ANNEX 1

Table 8

INDIA

ComPosITF. AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Gujarat Component

Extension Staff Requirements

Incremental

Designation Total needed Existinr staff* Requirements

VEW 3440 2600 840AEO 431 513 -SMS (Sub Division) 74 53 21ASDAO 21 10 11SDAO 37 26 11SMS (District) 48 48 _Addl. DAO 16 - 16DAO 18 18 -Zonal JDA 4 _ 4Zonal DDA 4 4SKS (Hq.) 3 3ADA Extn. 1 _ 1

TOTAL 4097 3268 911

*Includes staff in other posts who will be redesignated;82 surplus AEO will be posted in incremental posts. Forimplementation, see Table 5.

- 44 -

INDIACOMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

GUJARAT COMPONENTEXTENSION ORGANIZATION

| D irector lof Agriculture

r

1 3 Senior SMS|

ZONES 4 Zonal (JDA)

DISTRICTS 18 District Agricultural Officer

lInformation (Water (CropTraining) Management) Protection)

SUBDIVISIONS 37 Subdivisional *Agiutral Officer

(Agronomy) (Plant

VEW i3440)

8 FARMER UNITS/VEW10 CONTACT FARMERS/UNIT 200,000 CONTACT FARMERSA

100 FARM FAMILIES/UNIT 2.4 MILLION FARM FAMILIES

$ And 21 Additional Subdivisional Agricultural Officers.A FOR INTENSIVE IRRIGATED AREA, RATIO OF 1 VEW/500 FARMERS.

World Bank - 19153

- 45 -

INDIACOMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

GUJARAT COMPONENTLINKAGES BETWEEN EXTENSION & RESEARCH

State Level Statutory

Technical ResearchCommittee Council

Directorate I GUJARATof § s ^ Agricultural

Agricullture ( s University

.|District Level Zoa

|~~~~Tchia Workshop

District DAO m - -- -(SMS) (Se rm)

Subdivision I # S

SDAO W B 1(SMIS)

AEO

World Bank -19154

- 46- ANNEX 2

Page 1

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

HARYANA COMPONENT

I. General Description

1. Haryana, located in north-central India, was formed in 1966 when thestate of Punjab was divided. The state is divided into 11 districts which arefurther divided into 30 subdivisions. The total population is about 11 M(1974) and the total geographical area about 44,000 sq km. Per capita incomewas about US$140 (23% above the all-India average) in 1974/75. Agriculture isthe predominant industry. There are just over 1 M farm families cultivatingnearly 4 M ha, with an average farm size of about 3.8 ha. About 46% of thefarms are less than 2 ha and cover 11% of the land. Tenancy arrangements areinfrequent since over 90% of the land is cultivated by the owners. Croppingintensity varies between 140% and 150%; 50% of the cropped area is irrigated.

2. Haryana's climate is subtropical and semimonsoonal. Mean monthlytemperatures vary from less than 15 0C in January to over 34 0C in June, witha risk of frost between December and February. Rainfall, more than 80% ofwhich is concentrated in the June to August period, varies from less than300 mm per year in the southwest to over 1,200 mm in the northeast. Most ofthe state's cropped area can be divided very broadly into two zones:

(a) the hot, semi-arid southwest which covers about 40% of thestate. It consists of the districts of Sirsa, Hissar,Bhiwani, Mahendragarh, Gurgaon, most of Rohtak and partsof Jind. Less than 500 mm of rain falls annually andsandy soils prevail. Pearl millet and gram are major cropsin rainfed areas and cotton and wheat are important cropswhere irrigation is available.

(b) the sub-humid zone, covering most of the rest of the state,has mainly loam or silty loam soils, higher rainfall, andmore assured irrigation. In this area, wheat, paddy andsugarcane are the major crops.

3. The following table indicates the cropping pattern in the state:

Crop % of Cropped Area Crop % of Cropped Area

Rice 6.1 Oilseeds 2.2Wheat 24.8 Cotton 4.5Sorghum 3.4 Sugarcane 3.1Pearl Millet 17.6 Other 17.9Pulses 20.4 Total 100.0

47 - ANNEX 2Page 2

Haryana is correctly regarded as an agriculturally advanced state. It has ahigh percentage of area irrigated, high cropping intensity, high levels of

fertilizer use, and widespread use of high-yielding varieties. Yet, yields ofmost major crops have been stagnant since the late 1960s, at levels well below

achievable potential. Haryana's average foodgrain yields are only about

25-30% higher than the all-India average--a level hardly commensurate with theabove average use of irrigation and inputs. The Government is convinced thatan improved agricultural extension service is a key element in bringing yields

and farm incomes to higher levels and requested IDA assistance in designingand financing a project to develop a more effective state extension agency.

II. Agricultural Services

Extension Services

4. At present, field level extension work is the responsibility ofsome 493 Agricultural Inspectors (AI), who usually have B.Sc. degrees inAgriculture, and 193 Agricultural Sub-Inspectors (ASI) with lower educa-tional qualifications. There are also some 450 Village Level Workers (VLW)who undertook some agricultural extension work before they were merged withpanchayat (local government) secretarial staff. VLW now do no extension work.The total number of AI and ASI is 686, resulting in a ratio of one extension

worker to nearly 1,500 farm families--far too many to be reached frequentlyand regularly. Until recently, most of these extension workers worked at theblock level under the control of the Community Development Department andwere frequently diverted to other tasks. Recent administrative orders haveplaced them under the direct control of the Subdivisional Agricultural Of-

ficer (SDAO). However, since each SDAO is responsible for some 23 fieldstaff (hereinafter referred to as Village Extension Workers or VEW) andhas no technical support, supervision and technical guidance of VEW is in-adequate. Recently, VEW (AI and ASI) began to work toward establishing amore regular pattern of visits to farmers; however, their numbers have beentoo small and supervision too diluted to make a widespread impact.

Training and Education

5. The Haryana Agricultural University (HAU), established in 1970 andlocated in Hissar, is the main agricultural training institution in the state.In 1975/76, it produced 258 B.Scs., 63 M.Scs. and 22 Ph.Ds. in agricultureand allied fields. The degree programs primarily follow traditional academiclines and consequently, most students graduate with insufficient knowledgeof practical agriculture. In addition to its activities at the main campus,HAU has established a team of 8 District Extension Specialists (DES) in eachdistrict, each with expertise in a particular discipline. These specialistscarry out training programs of various sorts on an ad hoc basis. There isno other preservice or inservice training facility for DOA staff, though atraining effort is being made in temporary facilities at Rohtak. With therecent introduction of a fixed schedule of farm visits for VEW, one day of VEWinservice training each fortnight has been started at the district level.

- 48 - ANNEX 2

Page 3

Research

6. Agricultural research is the responsibility of HAU and is carriedout at the Hissar campus, one other main station (Karnal) and at four substa-tions. DES (mentioned above) carry out a limited program of trials in farmers'fields in selected villages. DOA carries out a limited number of trials ondepartmental seed farms and the demonstrations on farmers' fields. There isno systematic program of trials on farmers' fields. At present, coordinationbetween DOA and HAU on research is achieved by the Secretaries of Agricultureand allied departments serving as members of the university's Board of Manage-ment and by the Directors of the Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Departmentsserving as members of the Research Program Committee. In addition, HAU andDOA organize seasonal workshops to evolve extension recommendations andparticipate in a variety of other seminars, training sessions and workshops(see Chart 19262). Proposals for the strengthening of the research activitiesof HAU and its links with DOA can be considered for financing under therecently approved National Agricultural Research Project.

Agricultural Credit

7. Agricultural credit in Haryana is provided from a variety of sourcesincluding 12 Cooperative Banks serving 2,171 primary outlets, 25 Land Develop-ment Banks and 27 Commercial Banks with 279 rural branches. At present, mostcredit comes from institutional sources with nearly 75% provided by thecooperative movement. The present banking system in Haryana is well operatedand managed. It is sufficient for project needs and can cope with an expand-ing demand for seasonal credit. IDA, both directly through the HaryanaAgricultural Credit Project (Cr. No. 249-IN), and indirectly through lendingto ARDC (Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation) (Cr. Nos. 740-INand 715-IN) has played a major role in financing long term agricultural creditin Haryana.

Input Supply

8. Mechanisms for the supply and distribution of agricultural inputsare relatively well-developed in Haryana with a network of both privatedealers and some 2,200 cooperative mini-banks meeting the bulk of the require-ments. Use of fertilizer has grown rapidly and Haryana ranks among the topfour states in terms of fertilizer use per ha. Some 55% of the total cerealsarea is under high yielding varieties and the IDA-financed National SeedsProject (Ln. 1273-IN) will assist in further strengthening of the StateSeeds Corporation.

Marketing, Processing and Storage

9. Marketing. The Haryana State Marketing Board has established a

well-developed network of 87 regulated markets and 68 submarkets coveringall parts of the state. Purchasing operations by both state and centralprocurement agencies have been effective in maintaining remunerative pricesto cultivators even in years of substantial surpluses. Processing facilities

- 49 - ANNEX 2Page 4

are provided by the private and cooperative sectors and are adequate for

current and future needs. Storage requirements vary greatly depending onannual foodgrain production. However, with an accelerating surplus food-

grain position, there is an increasing shortage of storage, particularlyof covered storage for foodgrains. Existing storage capacity in the state

has risen from 0.24 M tons in 1972 to 0.83 M tons in 1976. The public

sector organizations are expanding their facilities.

Transportation

10. Four main railway lines and four national highways, all radiat-ing out from Delhi, provide Haryana with good access to the rest of India.

Since 1970, 8,650 km of village roads have been constructed to service 5,306villages. About 1,400 villages are still to be connected by all weatherroads.

III. The Project

A. General Description

11. The project would support, for a five year period, the reorganization

and strengthening of agricultural extension throughout Haryana's 11 districtsby:

establishing a single line of command between full-timevillage extension workers (VEW) and extension head-quarters;

- incorporating regular inservice training as an integralpart of extension operations;

- introducing a fixed schedule for regular and frequentvisits by VEW to farmers' fields;

- improving working linkages between extension operationsand agricultural research activities;

- establishing regular monitoring and evaluation procedures;and

- providing the additional staff, operating funds, equip-

ment, vehicles, training facilities and rural housingrequired to implement these reforms.

The main principles underlying the extension reorganization are the same as

applied in six previous IDA-assisted projects in India and are described inAgricultural Extension: The Training and Visit System by D. Benor and

J. Harrison (World Bank, 1977).

- 50 - ANNEX 2Page 5

12. The extension service would be instrumental in farm testing, demon-stration and assisting farmers to adopt improved agricultural practices. Thesewould include HYV, seed treatment, timely sowing, proper use of fertilizers,measures for plant protection, and efficient use of irrigation water. In thepast, State Headquarters organized goals for the sale of seeds or fertilizers,the number of demonstrations, plant protection campaigns, etc. The campaignswere designed for different crops or practices each season and were not inte-grated with overall management. Thus, they were generally of limited impact.Because farmers vary greatly in their ability to integrate and apply newpractices, the extension program would assist farmers to identify crop pro-duction constraints and to better manage available inputs. To help farmers,the extension agents must be trained in field skills and make regular farmvisits. For further details, see Haryana Agricultural Extension Project(January 1978) available in the project file.

B. Detailed Features

Incremental Staff Requirements

13. The Government of Haryana intends to cover the entire state withthe reorganized extension service in one year. After reviewing variousfactors, including the road transport system, diversity and intensity ofcropping, farmer responsiveness, and extent of irrigation, it was determinedthat on average one VEW 1/ can deal effectively with about 700 farm familieseach fortnight. VEW would be supervised and guided in the field by a moreexperienced AEO. The SDAO would supervise the work of AEO and a team of3 SMS headquartered in each subdivision. DAO would be responsible forensuring effective operations in all subdivisions in their districts. Therewould be one crop production SMS at district level who would work with theexisting 8 DES 2/ of HAU, thus coordinating their support to the extensionservice. Two Zonal Agricultural Officers (ZAO) would supervise the work ofthe districts. A full-time Additional Director of Agriculture (ADA) for ex-tension would be in charge of extension operations for the entire state. Hewould be supported by a team of 4 senior SMS (See Chart 19151).

1/ In Haryana, the following designations are given to extension personnelat various levels: VEW = Agricultural Development Officer (ADO); AEO =

Circle Agricultural Officer (CAO). Otherwise, the nomenclature is thesame as used in other portions of this report.

2/ One each in the fields of agronomy, horticulture, vegetables, soilscience, agricultural engineering, plant protection, farm management,and animal husbandry. HAU has agreed that each of their DES woulddevote at least 8 days a month to working with extension under thedirection of the Department of Agriculture.

- 51 - ANNEX 2Page 6

14. To implement this reorganization, Haryana would require about1,490 VEW. At present, DOA has 686 staff (see para 4) and on June 9, 1978sanctioned the transfer of 450 Village Level Workers from the Department ofCommunity Development. This leaves a net requirement of 354 VEW to be re-cruited. The new recruits would be B.Sc. (Ag.). In addition, 186 AEO, 103subdivisional SMS, 11 district SMS, 4 senior SMS and one ADA (Extension)plus adequate administrative support staff at all levels would be required.Tables 5 and 8, Annex 2, indicate the detailed incremental staff requirements.

Housing and Other Civil Works

15. The reorganized extension service requires regular and frequentfarm visits by extension staff. Since housing in many rural areas in Haryanais limited, the project would provide low-cost housing to about one-third ofthe VEW and AEO, or a total of about 557 houses. The Haryana CooperativeMarketing Federation (HAFED), which has extensive experience with ruralconstruction and administrative links with DOA, would be responsible forconstruction and maintenance of the houses. The project would also supportthe construction of a small staff training facility for the DOA. Thirtysubdivision offices would be constructed. Table 2, Annex 2 provides detailsof the costs and phasing of the civil works component of the project.

Vehicles

16. For the field extension staff to meet their fixed schedules and forsupervisory staff to reach the field easily and frequently, adequate vehiclesare essential. The project would provide funds to the state for motorcycleloans to all AEO, subdivisional SMS and a portion of the VEW. Vehicles would

also be available to field investigators of the monitoring and evaluationunit. The project would also provide about 72 sedans, 4-wheel drive vehicles,and vans at the subdivision, district, zone and headquarters levels. Table 3,Annex 2 provides details on the numbers and costing.

Equipment and Furniture

17. The project provides funds for audio-visual aids to supportextension operations and for office furniture and equipment required forexpanded extension activities. Table 3, Annex 2 provides costing details.

Training

18. The project would support a variety of inservice and preservicetraining activities. The most important of these are described in para 32,Annex 4. The fortnightly training session is central to the entire exten-sion approach and an integral part of it. Newly recruited VEW would be givenan intensive practical course on crop production technology during which theywould learn how to grow one of the major crops. Gradually, over the projectperiod, all VEW would take such a course. The course would be held at a DOATraining Institute to be developed under the project.

- 52 - ANNEX 2

Page 7

19. The project provides for a training institute for DOA staff toprovide inservice training, including crop growing experience. DOA wouldattempt to locate the institute close to a HAU research facility to enableclose contact and exchange between the training institute and research.The principle would be of the rank of IDA. GOH would, by June 30, 1979,reach agreement with IDA on the location, training objectives, coursecontent and syllabus for the training institute.

Operating Expenses

20. DOA's operating expenses would increase with the implementation ofthis project. Of particular importance would be the availability of funds andmaterials for printing diaries, field notebooks and charts, purchase of smallimplements, seeds and pesticides for training sessions and field trials.Adequate funds would also be provided for incremental vehicle operating costsand travel allowances. VEW and AEO who are not provided government housingwould be given an allowance to enable them to rent a house with an extra roomto serve as an office. Table 6, Annex 2 provides details on the incrementaloperating expenditures included under the project.

Salaries and Incentives

21. Extension work is carried out under difficult conditions and thepay is poor. Haryana's salaries, however, are higher than those of manystates and it would not be possible to increase them further without disrupt-ing all civil service pay scales. While greater job satisfaction is expectedwith the increased professionalization of the extension service, more tangiblerewards may be necessary. Many of the items provided in the project--housing,motorcycle loans, allowances for those renting housing to rent extra spacefor an office, scholarships for higher study--would provide considerableincentives to field staff. Moreover, two categories of staff (VLW and ASI),which would be merged as VEW would have expanded opportunities for promo-tion. About 20% of these VEW would receive a selection grade each year sothat by the end of the project period all such staff would have been promotedto that grade.

Monitoring and Evaluation

22. The project would provide for the establishment and operation ofa monitoring and evaluation system specifically designed to provide projectmanagement with up-to-date information on the effectiveness of the extensionsystem. The head of the monitoring and evaluation unit would report to theSecretary of Agriculture. The methodology used would be similar to thatdescribed in World Bank Staff Working Paper No. 272, "A System of Monitoringand Evaluating Agricultural Extension Projects." This system would complementdirect personal supervision by each level of project management. The costestimates are summarized in Annex 2, Table 7.

53 ANNEX 2Page 8

Project Costs

23. Costs for the five-year period are detailed in Tables 1 to 7 ofAnnex 2. Total component cost is US$13.2 M, including contingencies, dutiesand taxes.

C. Operation

Extension Service

24. A main feature of the reorganization of the extension service wouldbe the establishment of a single line of command from the DOA to the VEW. Thefield extension staff would be under the direct administrative and technicalcontrol of DOA. Extension staff from all special DOA crop-oriented schemeswould be merged to form a single extension service. They would work exclu-sively on agricultural extension. The single line of command, the fixedschedule of visits and the single purpose of work make supervision relativelyeasy. One AEO would supervise about 8 VEW, spending at least four days aweek in the field with them.

25. The Subdivisional Agricultural Officers (SDAO) would each supervisethe activities of about 6 to 8 AEO and some 50 VEW. SDAO would spend the bulkof their time in the field. A team of SMS in each subdivision (one each forcrop production, crop protection and training, plus a horticultural specialistin selected areas) would train VEW, provide them technical support and organ-ize field trials. The SDAO's activities would be supervised by the DistrictAgricultural Officer. Each of the 8 district-level DES of HAU would devoteeight days a month to providing technical support to the extension service byparticipating in training, making field visits to back up VEW and organizingcooperative field trials. Their work would be directed and coordinated by aDOA SMS in crop production at the district level.

26. Two Zonal Agricultural Officers (ZAO) would supervise the workof DAO in their zones. At headquarters, an ADA (Extension) would be appointedto be fully and exclusively responsible, under the Director of Agriculture,for supervising the extension service and ensuring its smooth operation.

Linkages between Research and Extension

27. The project would seek to develop close working relationshipsbetween extension and research personnel. The direct involvement of DES ofHAU in extension work (for a fixed part of their time) would facilitatea link between field workers and the main departments of HAU. DOA SMS wouldvisit research stations servicing their areas frequently as a routine part oftheir duties. Extension personnel and research workers would jointly developextension recommendations, and plan, execute and analyze field trials. Beforeeach crop season, a District Level Technical Committee, chaired by the DAO andconsisting of SMS, selected extension staff, and research workers from the

ANNEX 2Page 9

zonal HAU research station, would review field trial results and develop apreliminary proposal for the subsequent season's field trial program andextension recommendations. A workshop at the zonal research station wouldthen be held which would include DAO and selected SMS, ADA (Extension) andhis senior SMS. At this workshop, district proposals would be reviewed andrefined. The results would be reviewed by the State Technological Committeeand referred back to the District Technical Committee for final modificationand implementation.

State Level Coordination

28. A Project Coordination Committee would be established under thechairmanship of the Secretary of Agriculture and would include representativesof HAU and concerned government departments (Finance, Cooperation, HAFED,Irrigation, and others as necessary). The committee would meet at leastonce every season to review progress of the project and ensure cooperationamong the various governmental agencies.

- 55 -

ANNEX 2Table 1

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Haryana Component

Summar of Project Costs(Rs. 000)

Foreign

Year Exchange

Civil Works (Table 2) 1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL x Cost

Offices 1,100.0 1,100.0 1,100.0 - - 3,300.0 - -

Housing 1,190.0 8,330.0 3,737.0 - - 13,257.0 - -

Training Institute 500.0 1,215.0 - - - 1,715.0 - -

Subtotal 2,790.0 10,645.0 4,837.0 - - 18,272.0 - -

Vehicles Equipment (Table 3)

Departmental vehicles 3,605.0 - - _ _ 3,605.0 25 901

Staff owned vehicles 1,140.0 1,140.0 1,140.0 - - 3,420.0 25 855

Equipment 1,970.0 40.0 - _ - 2,010.0 40 804

Subtotal 6,715.0 1,180.0 1,140.0 - - 9,035. 28 2,560

Training Costs (Table 4) 898.2 744.5 774.5 788.3 777.5 3,983.0

Incremental Staff Salaries (Table 5)

Extension staff . 5,813.0 5.830.5 5,830.5 5,830.5 5,830.5 29,135.0 - -Incentive payment 154.8 309.6 464.4 618.0 771.6 2,318.4 - -

Administrative/support staff 1,253.4 1,253.4 1,253.4 1,253.4 1,253.4 6,267.0 _

Subtotal 7,221.2 7,393.5 7,548.3 7,701.9 7,855.5 37,720.4 - -

Incremental Operating Costs (Table 6)

Operating expenses 690.7 940.1 1,189.4 1,189.4 1,189.4 5,199.0 30 1,560

Accommodation expenses 651.7 633.7 615.1 615.1 615.1 3,130.7 - -

Travel allowances 2,031.8 2,031.8 2,031.8 2,031.8 2,031.8 10,159.0

Vehicle operating costs 787.0 787.0 787.0 787.0 787.0 3,935.0 30 1,180

Subtotal 4,161.2 4,392.6 4,623.3 4,623.3 4,623.3 22,423.7 12 2,740

Monitoring and Evaluation (Table 7)

Staff 427.2 427.2 427.2 427.2 427.2 2,136.0 - -

Equipment/Vehicles 456.0 - - - - 456.0 40/25 129

Operating costs 179.0 179.0 179.0 179.0 179.0 895.0 30 268

Subtotal 1,062.2 606.2 606.2 606.2 606.2 3,487.0 11 397

TOTAL BASE COSTS 22,847.8 24,961.8 19,529.3 13,719.7 13,862.5 94,921.1 6 5,697

Physical Contingencies 524.0 799.8 520.8 279.5 279.0 2,403.1 6 144

Price Contingencies 1,148.0 3,112.0 3,777.0 3,526.0 4,642.0 16,205.0 6 972

Total Contingencies 1,672.0 3,911.8 4,297.8 3,805.5 4,921.0 18,608.1 - 1,116

TOTAL PROJECT COST 24,519.8 28,873.6 23,827.1 17,525.2 18,783.5 113,529.2 6 6,813

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Haryana Component

Civil Works(Rs.'000)

------------------ Y E A R ----------------- ___

Area Rs./ Unit 1 2 3 4 5

Quantity (M ) M Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost Total Cost

Housing a!

VEW (496) 55 433 23.8 (50) 1,190 (320) 7,616 (126) 2,999 - - - 11,805AEO (61) 55 433 23.8 - - (30) 714 (31) 738 - - _ _ 1,452

Sub-total 1,190 8,330 3,737 13,257

Office'sSubdivision (30) 200 550 110.0 (10) 1,100 (10) 1,100 (10) 1,100 - - - - 3,300

Training Institute

Teaching complex 947 562 250 282 - - - - - 532 LnHostel complex 622 562 250 100 - - - - - 350 0'Dining 464 562 - 261 - - - - - 261 1Staff residences 1,017 562 - 572 - - - - - 572

Sub-total 500 1,215 1,715

Total (excluding contingencies) 2,790 10,645 4,837 18,272

Physical contingencies (5%) 140 532 242 914

Grand Total 2,930 11,177 5,079 19,186

a/ Housing provided to one-third of the field-level (VEW and AEO) staff. There is no government housingprovided at present for staff at this level. Standard of housing proposed is within norms prescribed ~Mby State Government for staff of this level. It is somewhat higher than that provided in other statesdue to higher educational qualifications of field-level staff in Haryana.

- 57 -

INDIA

ANNEX 2COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSIoN PROJECT Table 3

Haryana Component

Vehicles ndEui nt

Unit 1 2 3 4 5 TotalTY2j QuantitY Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost cost

Vehicles

Departmental

Headquarters Sedan (1) 35.0 (1) 35 354-WD (1) 53.0 (1) 53 53Van (1) 62.0 (1) 62 62

Zone Sedan (2) 35.0 (2) 70 70District 4-WD (11) 53.0 (11) 583 583

Van (11) 62.0 (11) 682 682Subdivision 4-WD (37) 53.0 (37) 1,961 1,961Training Institute Sedan (1) 35.0 (1) 35 35

Van (2) 62.0 (2) 124 _ _ _ - 124

Subtotal 3,605- 3,605

Staff-owned

Motorcycles (570) 6.0 (190) 1,140 (190) 1,140 190 1,140 3,420

Furniture/Office Equipment

Headquarters e/ 50 - - _ _ 59Zone (2) 4.0 _W 8 a

District (11) 9.5 £/ 104 104Subdivision (30) 11.0 i/ 330 330Base Level (1675) 0.4 e/ 670 670Training Institute f/ 103 103

Subtotal 1,265 1,265

Audio Visual Equipment

Headquarters g/ 55.0 45 10 - - - 55District h/ (11) 40.0 440 - - - - 440Training Institute i/ 60 30 - - - 90Other extension aids i/ 160 - - - - 160

Subtotal 705 40 745

Total 6,715 1,180 1,140 9,035Phviy a Contingencies 99 2 101

(5% on Equipment)

Grand Total 6,814 1,182 1,140 9,136

a,/ Includes furniture, typewriters, duplicator.b/ Rs.4,000 for furniture + office equipment for each zone.c/ Includes Rs.6,000 for furniture + 3,500 for typewriter for each District.I/ Includes Rs.7,500 for furniture + 3,500 for typewriter for each Subdivision.e/ Desk, chair and &ocker for office.F/ Includes Rs.88,000 for furniture and Rs.15.000 for office equipment./ Includes basic visual aids (movie, slide and overhead projectors, blackboards, screens,

flannel board), facilities for silk screen printing of poaters and charts,h/ Basic visual aids.if Basic visual aids (Rs. 40,000) plus books (Rs. 50,000).f Includes folding blackboard for VEW (Rs. 100) and small library and insect

preservation box at subdivision (Rs. 300).

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Haryana Component

Training Costs

(Rs. '000)

------------------------- Y E A R -------------------------Unit 1 2 3 4 5Type of Training a! Cost Quantity (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (NQ.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost Total Cost

A. In-Service Training

pre-season(VEW) b/ 0.07 (7450) (1490) 104.3 (1490) 104.3 (1490) 104.3 (1490) 104.3 (1490) 104.3 521.5pre-season

(others)b/ 0.10 (341) (341) 34.1 (341) 34.1 (341) 34.1 (341) 34.1 (341) 34.1 170.5short courses (VEW) 0.07 (7450) (1490) 104.3 (1490) 104.3 (1490) 104.3 (1490) 104.3 (1490) 104.3 521.5short courses

(others) 1.00 (341) (341) 341.0 (341) 341.0 (341) 341.0 (341) 341.0 (341) 341.0 1,705.0Foundation Course U

(VEW) 0.40 (1490) (280) 112.0 (280) 112.0 (310) 124.0 (310) 124.0 (310) 124.0 596.0 ODZonal Workshop 0.10 (1000) (200) 20.0 (200) 20.0 (200) 20.0 (200) 20.0 (200) 20.0 100.0 I

Subtotal 715.7 715.7 727.7 727.7 727.7 3,614.5

B. Orientation Training

Subtotal. All Staff 0.10 (1825) (1825) 182.5 - - - - - - - - 182.5

C. Scholarships

VEW c/ 1.8 (65) - - (11) 19.8 (16) 28.8 (22) 39.6 (16) 28.8 117.0Others d/ 3.0 (23) - - (3) 9.0 (6) 18.0 (7) 21.0 (7) 21.0 69.0

Subtotal 28.8 46.8 60.6 49.8 186.0

Total 898.2 744.5 774.5 788.3 777.5 3,983.0Physical Contingencies(5%) 44.9 37.2 38.7 39.4 38.9 199.1

GRAND TOTAL 943.1 781.7 813.2 827.7 816.4 4,182.1

aJ See Annex 5 for description of courses.

b/ Total for both seasons l

5I One from each district in second year. One from every two ¢|districts thereafter.

d/ Two AEOs for M.Sc. per year after second year. One SMS forPh.D. per year after second year.

- 59 -ANNEX 2Table 5

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

haryana Component

Incremental Staff Salaries and Incentives(Rse. '000)

AnnualUnit ---- Y E A R ----------------------------Cost 1 2 3 b 5 Total

(Rs.'000) (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost Cost

Incremental Extension Staff

ADA 20.0 (1) 20.0 (1) 20.0 (1) 20.0 (1) 20.0 (1) 20.0 100.0Headquarters - SUPT 26.4 (1) 26.4 (1) 26.4 (1) 26.4 (1) 26.4 (1) 26.4 132.0SMS 13.2 (4) 52.8 (4) 52.8 (4) 52.8 (4) 52.8 (4) 52.8 264.0

- JDA 24.0 (2) 48.0 (2) 48.0 (2) 48.0 (2) 48.0 (2) 48.0 240.0zone - TA 7.3 (2) 14.6 (2) 14.6 (2) 14.6 (2) 14.6 (2) 14.6 73.0

District - SMS 13.0 (11) 143.0 (11) 143.0 (11) 143.0 (11) 143.0 (11) 143.0 715.0

Subdivision - SMS 12.1 (103) 1,236.0 (103) 1,236.0 (103) 1,236.0 (103) 1,236.0 (103) 1,236.0 6,180.0Field Level - ABO a/ 8.8 (191) 1,680.8 (193) 1,698.3 (193) 1,698.3 (193) 1,698.3 (193) 1,698.3 8,474.0Field -Level _ VEW 7.1 (365) 2,591.4 (365) 2,591.4 (365) 2,591.4 (365) 2,591.4 (365) 2,591.4 12,957.0

Sub-total 5,813.0 5,830.5 5,830.5 5,830.5 5,830.5 29,135.0

Incentive Payment b/ 1.2 (129) 154.8 (258) 309.6 (387) 464.4 (515) 618.0 (643) 771.6 2,318.4

Incremental Admin/Supyort Staff

Headquarters - Eat.Off. 13.2 (1) 13.2 (1) 13.2 (1) 13.2 (1) 13.2 (1) 13.2 66.0- AAO 13.2 (1) 13.2 (1) 13.2 (1) 13.2 (1) 13.2 (1) 13.2 66.0- Superintendent 11.9 (3) 35.7 (3) 35.7 (3) 35.7 (3) 35.7 (3) 35.7 178.5- Assistants 6.2 (6) 37.2 (6) 37.2 (6) 37.2 (6) 37.2 (6) 37.2 186.0- Stenographers 622 (5) 31.0 (5) 31.0 (5) 31.0 (5) 31.0 (5) 31.0 255.0- Clerk/typist 4.8 (10) 48.0 (10) 48.0 (10) 48.0 (10) 48.0 (10) 48.0 240.0- Driver 4.8 (6) 28.8 (6) 28.8 (6) 28.8 (6) 28.8 (6) 28.8 144.0- Other 3.6 (5) 18.0 (5) 18.0 (5) 18.0 (5) 18.0 (5) 18.0 90.0

Zone - Account Clerk 4.5 (2) 9.0 (2) 9.0 (2) 9.0 (2) 9.0 (2) 9.0 45.0- Driver 4.5 (2) 9.0 (2) 9.0 (2) 9.0 (2) 9.0 (2) 9.0 45.0- Other 3.4 (2) 6.8 (2) 6.8 (2) 6.8 (2) 6.8 (2) 6.8 34.0

District- Superintendent 10.0 (11) 110.0 (11) 110.0 (11) 110.0 (11) 110.0 (11) 110.0 550.0- Head Clerk 7.5 (4) 30.0 (4) 30.0 (4) 30.0 (4) 30.0 (4) 30.0 150.0- Clerk 4.5 (22) 99.0 (22) 99.0 (22) 99.0 (22) 99.0 (22) 99.0 495.0- Stenographer 5.7 (11) 62.7 (11) 62.7 (11) 62.7 (11) 62.7 (11) 62.7 313.5- Other 3.1 (11) 34.1 (11) 34.1 (11) 34.1 (11) 34.1 (11) 34.1 170.5

Subdivision- Stenographer 5.7 (30) 171.0 (30) 171.0 (30) 171.0 (30) 171.0 (30) 171.0 855.0- Clerk 4.5 (30) 135.0 (30) 135.0 (30) 135.0 (30) 135.0 (30) 135.0 675.0- Driver 4.5 (37) 166.5 (37) 166.5 (37) 166.5 (37) 166.5 (37) 166.5 832.5- Typist 4.5 (12) 54.0 (12) 54.0 (12) 54.0 (12) 54.0 (12) 54.0 270.0- Messenger 3.1 (30) 93.0 (30) 93.0 (30) 93.0 (30) 93.0 (30) 93.0 465.0

Training Institute- Artist 7.1 (1) 7.1 (1) 7.1 (1) 7.1 (1) 7.1 (1) 7.1 35.5- Stenographer 5.8 (1) 5.8 (1) 5.8 (1) 5.8 (1) 5.8 (1) 5.8 29.0- Driver 4.5 (3) 13.5 (3) 13.5 (3) 13.5 (3) 13.5 (3) 13.5 67.5- Clerk/Cook 4.5 (2) 9.0 (2) 9.0 (2) 9.0 (2) 9.0 (2) 9.0 45.0- other 3.2 (4) 12.8 (4) 12.8 (4) 12.8 (4) 12.8 (4) 12.8 64.0

Subtotal 1,253.4 1,253.4 1,253.4 1,253.4 1,253.4 6,267.0

GRANT) TOTAL 7,221.2 7,393.5 7,548.3 7,701.9 7,855.5 37,720.4

a/ Allow a training reserve of 33 AEO and 55 VE1.

b/ Each year 20% of the VLWs and ASIs merged as VEWa will receive a aelection grade, By the end of 5 years all such sta.ffwill be at that level. This implies an increase in pay of about As, 100 p,um,

- 60 -ANNEX 2Table 6

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Haryana Component

Incremental Operating Costs

(Rs . '000)

UnitCost

(per ------------------- Y E A R

Operating Expenses and man 1 2 3 4 5Extension Materials year) (Number) (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost Total Cost

VEW a/ 0.4a/ (7450) (1490) 298.0 (1490) 447.0 (1490) 596.0 (1490) 596.0 (1490) 596.0 2,533.0AEO 0.6 (930) (186) 55.8 (186) 83.7 (186) 111.6 (186) 111.6 (186) 111.6 474.3Other Staff b/ 1.8.V (805) (161) 144.9 (161) 217.4 (161) 289.8 (161) 289.8 (161) 289.8 1,231.7Other Expenses c/ 192.0 192.0 192.0 192.0 192.0 960.0

Subtotal 690.7 940.1 1189.4 1189.4 1189.4 5,199.0

Incremental Accominoda-tion Expenses

House allowance d/ 243.0 243.0 243.0 243.0 243.0 1,215.0Office allowance e/ 0.60 (540) 324.0 (510) 306.0 (479) 287.4 (479) 287.4 (479) 287.4 1,492.2Maintenance fI 0.12 (706) 84.7 (706) 84.7 (706) 84.7 (706) 84.7 (706) 84.7 423.5

Subtotal 651.7 633.7 615.1 615.1 615.1 3,130.7

Incremental TravelAliowances /Eipnses

VEW a/ - New 1.2 (354) 424,8 (354) 424,8 (354) 424,8 (354) 424,8 (354) 424,8 2,124.0- Existing 0.7 (1136) 795.2 (1136) 795.2 (1136) 795.2 (1136) 795.2 (1136) 795.2 3,976.0

AEO h/ - 2.4 (186) 446.4 (186) 446.4 (186) 446.4 (186) 446.4 (186) 446.4 2,232.0Subdivision i/

New 2.4 (103) 247.2 (103) 247.2 (103) 247.2 (103) 247.2 (103) 247.2 1,236.0Existing 1.4 (30) 42.0 (30) 42.0 (30) 42.0 (30) 42.0 (30) 42.0 210.0

District i/New 3.0 (11) 33.0 (11) 33.0 (11) 33.0 (11) 33.0 (11) 33.0 165.0Existing 1.6 (11) 17.6 (11) 17.6 (11) 17.6 (11) 17.6 (11) 17.6 88.0

Zone k/ - Existing 1.7 (2) 3.4 (2) 3.4 (2) 3.4 (2) 3.4 (2) 3.4 17.0Headquarters 3.0 (5) 15.0 (5) 15.0 (5) 15.0 (5) 15.0 (5) 15.0 75.0Training Institute 1.2 (6) 7.2 (6) 7.2 (6) 7.2 (6) 7.2 (6) 7.2 36.0

Subtotal 2031.8 2031.8 2031.8 2031.8 2031.8 10,159.0

Vehicle Operating (Per vehicleCosts per year)

Subdivision (diesel) 11 0-' 37 (37) 407.0 (37) 407.0 (37) 407.0 (37) 407.0 (37) 407.0 2,035.0District (diesel) 11.01 22 (22) 242.0 (22) 242.0 (22) 242.0 (22) 242.0 (22) 242.0 1,210.0Zone (petrol) 21:0-! 2 (2) 42.0 (2) 42.0 (2) 42.0 (2) 42.0 (2) 42.0 210.0Headquarters n/

(petrol) m/ 21.0-' 2 (2) 42.0 (2) 42.0 (2) 42.0 (2) 42.0 (2) 42.0 210.0(diesel) o/ 13.5°l 4 (4) 54.0 (4) 54.0 (4) 54.0 (4) 54.0 (4) 54.0 270.0

Subtotal 787.0 787.0 787.0 787.0 787.0 3,935.0

Total 4161.2 4392.6 4623.3 4623.3 4623.3 22,423.7Pbysical contingencies (5X) 208,1 219,6 231,1 231,1 231.1 1,121,0

GRAND TOTAL 4369.3 4612.2 4854.4 4854.4 4854.4 23,544.7

a/ Includes printing of diaries, charts, and instructional materials, samples of small implements, seeds,pesticides for field trials and training. poster Paper and Daints for simple visual Aids. Taker At502 of unit cost in year 1, 75% in year 2, 100% thereafter.

b/ Includes SMS (103+11), SDAO (30), DAO (1) and Training Institute Staff (6).cl At Rs 4,000 per subdivision, district and zonal office per year plus 20,000 per year for Training Institutes

= 192,000 per year.dl Calculated at 12k1% of salary of those posted in Chandigarh, 7½1 for others posted at subdivision and above

(See Table 8). Rs 57.51 + Rs 185.5 per year.e/ Rs 50 p.m. per new VEW/AEO without government housing to rent room adjacent to house for office.ft Hot and cold weather charges for incremental staff.

New VEW1 @ Rs 100 p.m.; existing 9 Rs 70 p.m.h/ All AEOs new @ Rs 200 p.m.i/ New subdivisional staff @ Rs 200 p.m.; existing @ Rs 120 p.m.i/ New @ Rs 250 p.m.; old @ Rs 130 p.m. (250-120)k/ Calculated as Rs 140 p.m. (290 p.m. - 150 p.m.)1/ 25.000 km per year @ .45 Rs/km.ml 30,000 km per year @ .70 Rs/km.n/ Includes Training Institute.O/ 30,000 km per year @ .45 Rs/km.

-61 - ANNEX 2

Table 7

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Raryana Component

Monitoring and Evaluation

(Rs '000)

… ---------------…----------- Year ------- …-------------------Incremental Staff and Annual 1 2 3 4 5 Total

Salaries Unit Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost No. Cost Cost

Hleadquarters

- JDA (Stat.) 21.7 (1) 21.7 (1) 21.7 (1) 21.7 (1) 21.7 (1) 21.7 108.5- Economist/Res. Officer a/ 13.1 (2) 26.2 (2) 26.2 (2) 26.2 (2) 26.2 (2) 26.2 131.0- Statist. Assistant 7.3 (4) 29.2 (4) 29.2 (4) 29.2 (4) 29.2 (4) 29.2 146.0- Computor 4.5 (4) 18.0 (4) 18.0 (4) 18.0 (4) 18.0 (4) 18.0 90.0

Field Supervisor b/ 13.1 (4) 52.4 (4) 52.4 (4) 52.4 (4) 52.4 (4) 52.4 262.0

Field Investigator c/ 7.3 (30) 219.0 (30) 219.0 (30) 219.0 (30) 219.0 (30) 219.0 1,095.0

Subtotal 366.5 366.5 366.5 366.5 366.5 1,832.5

Support Personnel

- Accountant 6.2 (1) 6.2 (1) 6.2 (1) 6.2 (1) 6.2 (1) 6.2 31.0- Stenographer 5.7 (3) 17.1 (3) 17.1 (3) 17.1 (3) 17.1 (3) 17.1 85.5- Clerk-Typist 4.8 (3) 14.4 (3) 14.4 (3) 14.4 (3) 14.4 (3) 14.4 72.0- Driver 4.5 (1) 4.5 (1) 4.5 (1) 4.5 (1) 4.5 (1) 4.5 22.5- Other 3.7 (5) 18.5 (5) 18.5 (5) 18.5 (5) 18.5 (5) 18.5 92.5

Subtotal 60.7 60.7 60.7 60.7 60.7 303.5

Subtotal - All Personnel 427.2 427.2 427.2 427.2 427.2 2,136.0

Equipment

- Vehicles - Sedan 35.7 (5) 175.0 - - - - - - - - 175.0- Staff owned motorcycles 6.0 (30) 180.0 - - - - - - - - 180.0- Furniture - calculators,

office equipment 101.0 - - - - - - - - 101.0

Subtotal 456.0 - - - - - - 456.0

Operating Costs

- Operating Costs and Expenses 20,0 20,0 20,0 20,0 20,0 100,0- Vehicles (5) 105.0 (5) 105,0 (5) 105,0 (5) 105,0 (5) 105,0 525,0- Travel Allowance 1.2 (45) 54.0 (45) 54.0 (45) 54,0 (45) 54,0 C45) 54.0 270.0

Subtotal 179.0 179.0 179.0 179.0 179.0 895.0

Total - Monitoring and Evaluation 1,062.2 606.2 606.2 606.2 606.2 3,487.0

Physical Contingencies at 5% 32 9 9 9 9 68

GRAND TOTAL 1,094.2 615.2 615.2 615.2 615.2 3,555.0

a/ One can be a Sociologist.b/ One per 8 field investigators.c/ One per subdivision.

- 62 - ANNEX 2

Table 8

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Haryana Component

Requirement of Extension Staff by Year

First Second Third Fourth Fifthear year year year year

ADO's Existing Staff 1,136 1,490 1,490 1,490 1,490New Staff required 354 - - - _

Cumulative 1,490 1,490 1,490 1,490 1,490

CAO'sExisting Staff - 186 186 186 186New Staff required 186 - - - -

Cumulative 186 186 186 186 186

SUB-DIVISIONSExisting SDAO 30 30 30 30 30New SDAO required - - _

Cumulative 30 30 30 30 30Existing SMS - 103 103 103 103New SMS required 103 - - - -

Cumulative 103 103 103 103 103

DISTRICT LEVELExisting DDAs 11 11 11 11 11New DDAs required - - - - _

Cumulative 11 11 11 11 11Existing SMS/AIO 11 11 11 11Required 11 - - -

Training Reserve VEW & AEO 16 18 18 18 18

ZONAL LEVELExisting JDAs 2 2 2 2 2Required JDAs 2 2 2 2 2Cumulative 4 4 4 4 4

STATE LEVEL (Chandigarh)Existing SMS 4 4 4 4Required 4 _ _ _ _Cumulative 4 4 4 4 4Existing ADA 1 1 1 1Required 1 - - -

Cumulative 1 1 1 1 1

- 63 -

INDIACOMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

HARYANA COMPONENTEXTENSION ORGANIZATION

DIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE

ADA (EXTN.)

| | 4 Senior SMS |F;

Zones (2) ZONALJDA

Districts 111 ) DISTRICT AGRICULTRUAL CROPDESOFFICER PRODUCTION OF HAU

Subdivisions (30) SUBDIVISIONALAGRICULTURALSubdivsions 30) lsOFFICER

| | ~~~3T0 4|

- I _ _=~8 Farmer Units/VEW

about 10 contact farmers/Unit ) 110,000 contactfarmers

about 85-90 farm fami lies/Unit I 1 million farmfamilies

World Bank - 19151

- 64 -

INDIACOMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

HARYANA COMPONENTLINKAGES BETWEEN EXTENSION & RESEARCH

State Level StatutoryTechnical _---- Research

Committee (Hcil

§ s s ~~~~~~~~~AgriculturalAgriculture A s Un iversity

SbdviinExtensiont l Headquarters

st Tech nical Wokso Reeac

District DAO _ ied Trial

ISMS IDES I Progranns

|Subdivision go - <

SDAO 0 so

( SMS)

AEO

VVorld Bank -19262

- 65 - ANNEX 3Page 1

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

KARNATAKA COMPONENT

I. General Description

1. Karnataka, located in southwestern India, is divided into 19 dis-tricts which are further subdivided into 175 taluks. The total popu;ationis about 30 M and the total geographic area approximately 192,000 km . Percapita income of Rs 785 in 1975/76 was below the All-India average. Agricul-ture accounts for some 60% of income in the state. There are about 3.56 Mfarm families cultivating 11.4 M ha with an average farm size of about 3.2 ha.Fifty-four percent of all farm families cultivate less than 2 ha and about93% of the land is farmed by owners. About 14% of the area sown is irrigatedand the statewide cropping intensity is between 105 and 110%.

2. Karnataka's cropped area can be divided into four distinct agro-ecological zones: (a) a long, narrow coastal belt lying between the WesternGhats and the Arabian Sea which receives a high (2,500 mm) and assured rain-fall during the southwest monsoon season. Rice is the main crop; coconut,cashews and arecanut are also extensively grown. About 2% of the State'scultivated area falls in this zone; (b) the Western Ghats, a long narrowmountainous area to the east of and parallel to the coastal belt. Rainfallis heavy and reliable. The main crops grown are rice, coffee, coconut,arecanut and spices. About 5% of the cultivated area is in this zone;(c) the northern plateau, drained by the Krishna, Bhima and Tungabadhrarivers. Rainfall varies widely over this vast area, being somewhat higheralong the western and northeastern parts, but the bulk of the zone receivesless than 600 mm per year with large variations from year to year. The prin-ciple crops are sorghum, pearl millet, wheat, groundnuts and cotton; paddyis important in irrigated areas. The zone covers nearly 65% of the State'scultivated area; and (d) the southern plateau, drained by the Cauvery,Tungabadhra and Penner rivers. Rainfall ranges from 500 mm in the northwestto 760 mm in the west with wide year-to-year variations. Pearl and fingermillets, sorghum, pulses and oilseeds are the dominant rainfed crops; paddyand sugarcane are important in irrigated areas. About 28% of the State'scultivated area lies in this zone.

3. Karnataka's variable agro-ecological conditions have produced ahighly diverse series of farming systems. The cropping pattern is indicatedin the following table:

- 66 -ANNEX 3Page 2

Percentage of Percentage ofCrop Cropped Area Crop Cropped Area

Sorghum 17.9 Pulses 11.5Paddy 10.9 Oilseeds 11.4Finger Millet 9.7 Cotton 9.5Pearl/other Millets 8.2 Sugarcane 1.0Wheat 3.4 Other 15.2Maize 1.3 Total 100.0

4. Karnataka has experienced a relatively rapid growth in agriculturalproduction. Foodgrain yields rose substantially during the second half ofthe 1960s and yields of most major crops are now near or above the All-Indiaaverage. This is a considerable achievement given the low level of irrigation.Fertilizer use, at 19 kg/ha is fairly high given the dominance of rainfedagriculture. However, since the early 1970s, yields of most major crops havestagnated and remain well below achievable potential. Karnataka's strategyfor improving agricultural production has two major thrusts: (i) to increasethe area under effective irrigation, thereby reducing dependence on highlyvariable rainfall; and (ii) to raise production in rainfed areas (some 85%of the cropped land) which will continue to dominate Karnataka's pattern ofagricultural production even after all potential areas are irrigated. TheGovernment of Karnataka is convinced that a strengthened extension servicewould be a critical element in achieving both these objectives: in irrigatedareas by providing farmers with sound technical advice on how to use availablewater and inputs; and in rainfed areas by the rapid and thorough disseminationof new and simple technology. Consequently, GOK requested IDA assistance indesigning and financing an improved State agricultural extension service.

II. Agricultural Services

5. Extension Service. Although Karnataka has a relatively effectiveextension service, a number of weaknesses have emerged which the Governmentis determined to correct. At present, field level extension work is theresponsibility of about 2,600 multipurpose village level workers (VLW), whooperate under the control of the Community Development Department's BlockDevelopment Officer, and of about 1,930 agents working in special crop-orientedextension programs. Both groups of staff have similar educational qualifica-tions (secondary school plus two years of specialized training). Combined,the two groups give a relatively low ratio of extension staff to farm families(1:785), but the following factors limit their effectiveness:

(a) the 2,600 multipurpose workers are often diverted to non-agricultural work;

(b) the workers on special schemes are often limited tosingle crops and are often fully occupied by paper workinvolving crop subsidies and inputs;

-67 - ANNEX 3

Page 3

(c) some 900 budgeted positions are now vacant which brings theratio of extension staff to farm families up to about 1:1,000;

(d) field work is not systematically scheduled;

(e) AEO, immediate supervisors of these extension workers,spend more time in office work under the Block DevelopmentOfficer than in guiding workers in the field; and

(f) the 80 subject matter specialists (SMS) located at subdivisionallevel are usually engaged in the logistics of input supplyand regulatory functions rather than in technical supportand training of extension staff.

6. Training and Education. The University of Agricultural Sciences(UAS), established in 1965, is the leading agricultural training institutionin the state. It has two main campuses, at Hebbal (near Bangalore) and atDhawar, and other training facilities in the various agro-ecological zonesof the state. In 1975/76, UAS graduated 350 B.Scs., 69 M.Scs. and 6 Ph.Ds. inagriculture and allied fields. UAS has about 80 Extension Guides involved intesting research findings on farmers' fields. This limited extension effortassists UAS in developing and testing both its research findings and extensionmethods. The campus at Hebbal also organizes short training programs invarious fields for DOA staff. There are five VLW Training Centers 1/, eachwith a capacity of about 100-120 trainees, giving two year preservice trainingcourses to VLW. Three centers also train women workers in various fields.

7. Research. Agricultural research is the responsibility of theUAS and is carried out at the main campus at Hebbal and at five regionalresearch stations representing the main agro-ecological zones in the state.A network of some 35 substations provides opportunities for location-specifictesting of research results. Both the Extension Guides and DOA staff carryout field tests and demonstrations of research findings on farmers' fields.There is a formal memorandum of understanding between the UAS and the DOAdefining areas of responsibility and mechanisms for cooperation. The Directorof Agriculture sits on the UAS Research Committee. An Extension CoordinationCommittee and a Training Committee, consisting of UAS and DOA staff, jointlyplan activities in these areas. Seasonal workshops provide an opportunityfor DOA and UAS staff to review technical recommendations and discuss topicsfor research. Although exchange of staff between DOA and UAS does take place,there is scope for widening the opportunities for this. There is also scopefor making contact between UAS and DOA more regular and systematic.

8. Agricultural Credit. The Karnataka State Cooperative Apex Bank isthe primary institutional source for short- and medium-term credit for agri-culture. It conducts business through a network of 19 District Cooperative

1/ Now designated Rural Development Training Centers (RDTC).

- 68 - ANNEX 3

Page 4

Central Banks and 5,348 village-level credit cooperatives. Over the pastthree years, the volume of short- and medium-term lending by cooperatives hasgrown by nearly 20% p.a. Commercial banks, with about 1,760 branches, alsoprovide agricultural credit. The Karnataka State Cooperative Land Develop-ment Bank, operating a network of 176 taluk-level Primary Land DevelopmentBanks, is the major source for longer term agricultural credit. IDA, bothdirectly through the Karnataka Agricultural Credit Project (Cr. No. 278-IN),and indirectly through lending to ARDC (Cr. No. 715-IN), has assisted inthe development of long-term agricultural lending in the state.

9. Agricultural Inputs. Karnataka's input supply system is fairlywell developed. The Department of Agriculture, National Seeds Corporation,private firms and cooperative agencies produce and distribute certified seedsof high yielding varieties of various crops. These are tested and certifiedby the Seed Certification Agency. The state's seed production activitiesare to be strengthened under the IDA-assisted Second National Seeds Project.Fertilizer distribution takes place through a network of some 6,100 public andprivate fertilizer distribution points, including 140 agricultural storesestablished by the Karnataka Agro-Industries Corporation.

10. Marketing and Processing. The State Marketing Board controlsabout 108 regulated markets and 163 regulated submarkets where traders arelicensed and produce is inspected, graded and weighed according to standardsset forth in the Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Act of 1966.The State Food and Civil Supplies Corporation carries out procurementoperations for paddy and sorghum. Over the past several years, market pricesof these crops have not fallen below the procurement prices. An IDA project(Cr. No. 378-IN) is assisting in the development of marketing facilities.Processing facilities are provided by the private sector and are adequatefor present needs.

11. Transportation from the farm to market is undertaken by bullockcarts, while onward movement is predominantly by truck on good state andnational highways.

III. The Project

A. General Description

12. The project would support, for a five year period, the reorganiza-tion and strengthening of agricultural extension throughout Karnataka's 19districts by:

(i) establishing a single line of command between full-timevillage extension workers (VEW) and extension headquarters;

(ii) incorporating regular inservice training as an integralpart of extension operations;

- 69 - ANNEX 3Page 5

(iii) introducing a fixed schedule for regular and frequent visitsby VEW to farmers' fields;

(iv) improving working linkages between extension operations andagricultural research activities;

(v) establishing regular monitoring and evaluation procedures; and

(vi) providing the additional staff, operating expenses, equipment,vehicles, training, office facilities and rural housingrequired to implement these reforms.

The main principles underlying the extension reorganization are the same asapplied in six previous IDA-assisted projects in India and are described inAgricultural Extension: The Training and Visit System (World Bank, May 1977).

13. Initially, the new extension service would concentrate on majorcrops and a few important aspects of production technology which can beeasily adapted by small farmers. These include better land preparation,use of improved seeds, seed treatment, timely sowing, obtaining optimumplant population, weeding, etc. which require little increase in cash costs.These management practices provide opportunities to use labor more efficiently.In block demonstration studies conducted from 1975 to 1977 which involved14,000 farmers and 13,400 ha, these practices resulted in yield increases of25% to 90% over the benchmark control. Yield increases of at least 30% canbe obtained with available technology There is a wide gap between researchrecommendations and farmer use. The first task of extension will be to closethis gap before small farmers are asked to employ sophisticated techniques.Extension recommendations will be identified first by the District TechnicalCommittees, later reviewed and approved by the Zonal Workshop and the StateTechnical Committee before being returned to the AEO and VEW for implementa-tion. More details are contained in Project for Agricultural Extension andResearch in Karnataka (December 1977), available in the project file.

B. Detailed Features

14. Incremental Staff Requirements. The Government of Karnataka (GOK)intends to cover the entire state with the reorganized extension service with-in three years. Based on various factors including the road transport system,diversity and intensity of cropping, farmer responsiveness, and extent ofirrigation, GOK has determined, in each area, the number of farm families thateach VEW 1/ could effectively visit. This varies between 400 and 800, witha statewide average of just under 700 farm families. VEW would be supervised

1/ In Karnataka, VEW would be called Agricultural Assistants. Otherwise,the nomenclature is the same as used in this report.

- 70 - ANNEX 3

Page 6

and guided in the field by a more experienced Agricultural Extension Officer(AEO). The 175 Assistant Directors of Agriculture (Asst. DA) would superviseAEO and VEW in their areas. Taluks would be clustered in groups of three(i.e. a subdivision) and the Asst. DA in one "central" taluk would be desig-nated Asst. DA (Coordination). He would be responsible for both extensionoperations in his own taluk and for ensuring that the SMS team stationed inthe central taluk serves all taluks in the cluster according to a fixedschedule (see Chart 19243, Annex 3). The SMS team would consist of cropproduction, crop protection and training specialists.

15. The 19 Principal Agricultural Officers (PAO), in charge of exten-sion operations at the district level, would be responsible for ensuringeffective taluk-level operations. They would have the technical support of ateam of three or four district-level SMS (normally one each in agronomy andplant protection and other disciplines relevant to the needs of that district).A separate officer would be designated to handle input supply logistics.Statewide, five additional district-level SMS would be provided so that onewould be assigned (on a rotational basis) to each Rural Development TrainingCenter. In Dharwar district, because of its large size, there would be twodistrict-level SMS teams. The 19 districts are now grouped into 6 agricul-tural divisions (zones). Two of the divisions are too large and would bedivided to create two additional divisions. Divisional JDA would supervisethe work of districts. A full-time Additional Director of Agriculture (ADA)at Headquarters would be appointed to deal with all DOA matters not specific-ally related to extension so that the Director of Agriculture could devotehimself virtually full-time to extension operations throughout the state.A group of SMS already at headquarters would be reorganized to provide moreeffective technical support. A JDA (Field Trials) would be appointed tomanage, supervise and analyze the program of field trials to be carried outin cooperation with UAS (see Chart 19549, Annex 3).

16. The following table summarizes the numbers of professional staffrequired to implement this reform, the present numbers of budgeted positionsand the incremental number of staff to be financed under the project.

PresentTotal Number Incremental

Required of Staff Requirement

VEW 5,200 3,877 1,323AEO 750 750 0SMS (Central Taluk) 180 80 100Asst. DA 175 60 115SMS (District) 85 0 85Input Officer (Asst. DA) 19 4 15PAO 19 19 0Divisional JDA 8 6 2SMS (HQ) 20 20 0JDA (FT) 1 0 1ADA (other) 1 0 1

- 71 - ANNEX 3Page 7

The project would also provide limited administrative support staff at alllevels. Table 5, Annex 3 provides details on the cost of this component.Tables 8 and 9, Annex 3 show the detailed staff requirements, phased overthe project period.

17. Housing and Other Civil Works. The reorganized extension servicerequires extension staff to make regular and frequent farmit visits. Sincehousing in many rural areas in Karnataka is limited, the project would providefor the construction of about 1,100 low-cost houses for VEW and 300 houses forAEO. Combined with existing houses (1,855 VEW and 250 AEO), this would meangovernment housing would be provided to about 57% of all VEW and 73% of AEO.Construction of housing would start during the second year of the project.During the first year, sites would be located, cost estimates and designstandards specified and detailed implementation plans prepared. New officefacilities would be provided for the new divisions and 10 districts wherepresent office facilities are inadequate. Existing offices would be augmentedin selected districts and at central taluks. The Public Works Departmentwould be responsible for construction, but maintenance would be the responsi-bility of a special maintenance cell located within the Department of Agricul-ture. Table 2, Annex 3 provides details of costs and phasing of civil worksto be constructed under the project.

18. Vehicles. The project would provide bicycle loans for VEW and motor-cycle loans for all AEO, SMS and Asst. DA. One 4-wheel drive vehicle would beprovided for each central taluk in addition to the 58 to be transferred fromdistricts. This would provide two vehicles for most central taluks. The pro-ject would also provide about 31 sedans, 28 four-wheel drive vehicles, and 10vans at the district, divisional and headquarters levels and at Rural Develop-ment Training Centers (RDTC). Table 3, Annex 3 provides details.

19. Equipment and Furniture. The project provides funds for audio-visual aids to support extension operations as well as for office furnitureand equipment required for expanded extension activities. Table 3,Annex 3 provides costing details.

20. Training. The project would support a variety of inservice andpreservice training activities. The most important of these are describedin para 32, Annex 4. During the fortnightly training session, about one hourof each session would be devoted to matters requiring coordination withother taluk-level agencies (e.g. input and credit suppliers). Newly recruitedVEW candidates would be given a 12-month practically oriented course on cropproduction and extension methods during which VEW would learn how to growat least one of the major crops. Courses would be held at the five existingRDTC to be strengthened under the project.

21. Before introducing the T & V system in a given area, an orientationcourse of about 3 or 4 days duration should be arranged in each district.During this program, senior DOA staff would explain the new extension systemand its procedures in detail, assist district staff in assigning geographicareas of responsibility of VEW, provide criteria for selection of contactfarmers, and outline major impact points to be covered initially. Costestimates of various training programs are shown in Table 4, Annex 3.

- 72 - ANNEX 3Page 8

22. Salaries and Incentives. Karnataka's salaries for extension per-sonnel are higher than those of many states, so it would not be possible toincrease pay without disrupting existing civil service pay scales. Whilegreater job satisfaction is expected with the increased professionalizationof the extension service, more tangible rewards may be necessary. Many ofthe items provided under the project--housing, bicycle and motorcycle loans,advanced increments for 25% of the staff, scholarships for higher study--wouldgive considerable incentive to field staff (see Table 5, Annex 3).

23. Monitoring and Evaluation. The project would provide for theestablishment and operation of a monitoring and evaluation system specific-ally designed to provide project management with up-to-date information onthe effectiveness of the extension system. The head of the monitoring andevaluation unit would report to the Secretary of Agriculture. The methodologyused would be similar to that described in World Bank Staff Working Paper No.272, "A System of Monitoring and Evaluating Agricultural Extension Projects."This system would supplement direct personal supervision by each level ofproject management (see paras 26 and 28). Cost estimates are shown inTable 7, Annex 3.

24. Operating Expenses. In addition to costs already specified, DOA'soperating expenses would increase with the implementation of the project.Of particular importance would be the availability of funds for purchase ofinstructional materials, small samples of implements, seeds and pesticidesfor training sessions and field trials. Adequate funds would also be pro-vided for incremental vehicle operating costs and travel allowances. Table 6,Annex 3 provides details of incremental operating expenditures.

Project Costs

25. Costs for the five-year period are detailed in Tables 1-7 ofAnnex 3. The total cost of the component is US$23.9 M, including contin-gencies, duties and taxes.

C. Operation

26. Extension Service. Organization and operation of project managementwould follow the guidelines set out in Agricultural Extension: The Trainingand Visit System (World Bank, May 1977). The main feature in the reorganiza-tion of the extension service is the establishment of a single line of commandfrom the Director of Agriculture to VEW. All field extension staff wouldbe under the direct administrative and technical control of DOA personnel.Extension staff from all DOA special crop-oriented schemes would be mergedto form a single effective extension service and would work exclusively onagricultural extension activities (Chart 19243, Annex 3 shows the organiza-tional pattern).

- 73 - ANNEX 3Page 9

27. Linkages between Research and Extension. The project would seekto develop close and continuous working relationships between extension andresearch personnel. SMS, as a routine part of their work, would be requiredto make frequent visits to research stations serving their areas of work.UAS Extension Guides would continue to operate as at present. Exchange ofstaff between UAS and DOA would be expanded and made a regular part of careerprogression in both institutions. The existing mechanisms by which extensionpersonnel and research workers jointly participate in developing extensionrecommendations and planning, executing and analyzing field trials, would bestrengthened and made more regular.

28. State Level Coordination. Overall responsibility for implementa-tion of the project would rest with the Secretary of Agriculture with respon-sibility for day-to-day administration and control resting with the Directorof Agriculture. Construction of buildings would be carried out by the StatePublic Works Department (PWD), using acceptable competitive bidding procedures.A Project Coordination Committee would be established under the chairmanshipof the Secretary of Agriculture and would include representatives of UAS andconcerned government departments (Finance, Cooperation, Seeds, PWD, Irrigationand others as necessary). The committee would meet at least once every seasonto review progress of the project and ensure cooperation among the variousgovernmental agencies.

~ 74 - ANNEX 3Table 1

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Karnataka Component

Summary of Ptojeot Costs(Rs. '000)

ForeignYear Exchange

1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL % Cost

Civil Works (Table 2)

Houses - 5,508.0 8,262.0 8,262.0 5,508.0 27,540.0 - -Offices 3,656.6 4,197.8 3,167.6 - - 11,022.0 - -

Subtotal 3,656.6 9,705.8 11,429.6 8,262.0 5,508.0 38,562.0 - -

Vehicles Equipment (Table 3)

Departmental vehicles 2,825.0 1,640.0 2,040.0 - - 6,505.0 25 1,626.2Staff owned vehicles 2,050 1,950.0 2,552.5 - - 6,552.5 25 1,638.1Equipment 2,542.8 1,419.2 1,636.0 - - 5,598.0 40 2,239.2

Subtotal 7,417.8 5,009.2 6,228.5 - - 18,655.5 30 5,503.5

Training Costs (Table 4) 3,704.6 4,178.9 4,743.9 4,649.5 2,087.0 19,363.9 - -

Incremental Staff Salaries (Table 5)

Extension staff 2,840.5 6,294.3 11,681.7 11,681.7 11,681.7 44,179.9 - -Incentive payment 181.8 345.0 528.6 528.6 528.6 2,112.6 - -Support staff 1,678.3 2,222 4 3,409.2 3,409.2 3,409.2 14,128.3 - -

Subtotal 4,700.6 8,861.7 15,619.5 15,619.5 15,619.5 60,420.8 - -

Incremental Operating Costs (Table 6)

Operating expenses 600.0 1,593.5 3,116.0 3,116.0 3,116.0 11,541.5 30 3,462.4Travel allowance 696.0 1,446.8 2,398.2 2,398.2 2,398.2 9,337.4 - -Vehicle operating costs 606.0 895.0 1,275.0 1,275.0 1 275.0 5,326.0 30 1,597.8

Subtotal 1,902.0 3,935.3 6,789.2 6,789.2 6,789.2 26,204.9 19 5,060.2

Monitoring and Evaluation (Table 7)

Staff 425.4 547.8 711.0 711.0 711.0 3,106.2 - -Equipment/Vehicles 285,0 60.0 80.0 - - 425.0 40/25 .112.2Operating costs 174.8 203.6 242.0 242.0 242.0 1,104.4 30 331.3

Subtotal 885.2 811.4 1,033.0 953.0 953.0 4,635.6 9 443.5

TOTAL BASE COSTS 22,266.8 32,502.3 45,843.7 36,273.2 30,956.7 167,842.7 6 11,007.2

Physical Contingencies 857.0 1,154.8 1,475.7 997.2 731.4 5,216.1 6 342.0Price Contingencies 1,059.3 3,739.3 8,448.7 9,270.2 10,225.7 32,743,2 6 2,144.7

Total Contingencies 1,916.3 4,894.1 9,924.4 10,267,4 10,957.1 37,959.3 2,486,7

TOTAL PROJECT COST 24,183.1 37,396.4 55,768.1 46,540.6 41,913.8 205,802.0 6 13,493.7

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Karnataka Component

Civil Works

(Rs.'000)

------------------------ Y E A R ---------------------Area Rs./ Unit 1 2 3 4 5

Quantity M M2 Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost Total Cost

Housing a/

VEW 1100 35 515 18.0 - - (220) 3960.0 (330) 5940.0 (330) 5940.0 (220) 3960.0 19,800.0AEO 300 50 515 25.8 - - (60) 1548.0 (90) 2322.0 (90) 2322.0 (60) 1548.0 7,740.0

Subtotal - 5508.0 8262.0 8262.0 5508.0 27,540.0

Office Space

New Division 2 950 515 489 (1) 489.0 (1) 489.0 - - - 978.0New District b/ 10 900 515 464 (3) 1392.0 (4) 1856.0 (3) 1392.0 - - 4,640.0Expand District 10 150 515 77.2 (3) 231.6 (4) 308.8 (3) 231.6 - 772.0Expand Central

Taluk 60 150 515 77.2 (20) 1544.0 (20) 1544.0 (20) 1544.0 - - 4,632.0

Subtotal 3656.6 4197.8 3167.6 11,022.0

Total (excludingcontingencies) 3656.6 9705.8 11429.6 8262.0 5508.0 38,562.0Physicalcontingencies (5%) 182.8 485.3 571.5 413.1 275.4 1,928.1

GRAND TOTAL 3839.4 10191.1 12001.1 8675.1 5783.4 40,490.1 x

a/ Housing provided as follows: Total staff Existing Quarters New Construction 7. staff provided quarters

VEW 5200 1855 1100 577.AEO 750 250 300 737.

b/ Dharwar District to be divided in two, hence totalDistrict offices become 20.

- 76 -

ANNEX 3INDIA Table 3

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Karnataka Component

Vehicles and Equipment (Rs. '000)

------------- --------------- Y E A R ---------------------------Unit 1 2 3 4 5 Total

Type Quantity Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost Cost

VehiclesDepartmental- Heandrtm Sedan (6) 35.0 (6) 210.0 - - - - 210,0- Division_!/ Sedan (5) 35.0 (5) 175.0 - - - - 175.0- DistrictE/ Sedan (20) 35.0 (6) 210.0 (6) 210.0 (8) 280.0 - - 700.0

4-WD (28) 55.0 (9) 495.0 (7) 385.0 (12) 660.0 - - 1540.0- Central Taluk 4-WD (60) 55.0 (21) 1155.0 (19) 1045.0 (20) 1100.0 - - 3300.0- Training

Institute Van (10) 58.0 (10) 580.0 - - _ - 580.0

Subtotal 2825.0 1640.0 2040.0 - 6505.0

Staff-owned- VEW Bi- (4425) 0.3 (1000) 300.0 (1100) 330.0 (2325) 697.5 - - 1327.5

cycle- AEO motor- (750) 5.0 (250) 1250.0 (235) 1175.0 (265) 1325.0 - - 3750.0

cycle- SMS & TAO " (295) 5.0 (100) 500.0 (89) 445.0 (106) 530.0 - - 1475.0

Subtotal 2050.0 1950.0 2552.5 - - 6552.5

office Equipment/Furniture- Taluk (115) 4.0 (37) 148.0 (32) 128.0 (46) 184.0 - 460S40

'regular)(Central) (60) 7.5 (21) 157.5 (19) 142.5 (20) 150.0 - - 450.0

- District (20) 4.0 (6) 24.0 (6) 24.0 (8) 32.0 - - 60.0- Division (new) (2) 20.0 (2) 40.0 - - - - 40.0

(existing) (6) 10.0 (6) 60.0 - - - _ 60.0- Headquarters (1) 100.0 50.0 50.0 _ _ - 100.0- Training Center (5) 20.0 100.0 - - - - 100.0

Subtotal 579.5 344.5 366.0 - - 1290.0

Audio visualIauimmtt- Cenflal

Taluk- (60) 22.0 (21) 462.0 (19) 418.0 (20) 440.0 _ - 1320.0- District . e (20) 68.0 (6) 408.0 (6) 408.0 (8) 554.0 - - 1370.0- Division_/ (8) 60.0 (8) 480.0 - - - - 480.0- Headquarters-/ h (1) 15.0 (1) 15.0 -- - 15.0- Training Center-/ (5) 65.0 (5) 325.0 - - - - 325.0- Other Extension 273.3 248.7 276.0 - - 798.0

aids i/ _ -

Subtotal 1963.3 1074.7 1270.0 - - 4308.0

Total (excl. Contingencies) 7417.8 5009.2 6228.5 - - 18655.5Physical Contingencies (5%)

on equipment 370.9 250.5 311.4 932.8

GRAND TOTAL 7788.7 5259.7 6539.9 _ - 19588.3

a/ Vehicles for ADA, JDA and Headquarters SMS.

b/ One per division less existing vehicles.

c/ One sedan per PAO, one 4-WD vehicle per SMS team and per addl. DDA.

d/ Includes flannel boards and blackboards, megaphones, stencil duplicator,slide viewers and projectors, overhead projector.

e/ Includes flannel boards, cassette tape recorder, megaphone, silk screenunit, stencil duplicator with electronic scanner, cameras with flash,slide viewers and projectors, overhead projector.

f/ Letter press and accessories, B/W photo processing lab.

g/ Flannel boards and blackboards, tape recorders, megaphone, silk screen unit,composing typewriter, still cameras and flash, super 8 mm camera, black andwhite laboratory, slide duplicator, movie projectors, slide projectors, over-head projector, screens, rear projection screen.

h/ Flannel boards, blackboards, tape recorder, megaphone, stencil duplicatorwith electronic scanner, super 8 mm projector, slide viewers and projectors,overhead projector, screen, rear projection screen.

i/ Includes plastic binders for YEW materials, folding blackboard, small slideviewer and small library and insect preservation box at central taluk (Ra.150per VEW and 300 per central taluk).

_ 77 -ANNEX 3Table 4

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Karnataka Component

Training Costs

(Rs. '000)

------------------------- Y E A R -----------------------____Unit 1 2 3 4 5 Total

Type of Training a/ Cost Quantity (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost Cost

A. In-Service Training bpre-season (VEW) .07-/ (1780) 124.6 (3400) 238.0 (5200) 364.0 (5200) 364.0 (5200) 364.0 1,454.6pre-season (Others) .lob/ (337) 33.7 (653) 65.3 (1010) 101.0 (1010) 101.0 (1010) 101.0 402.0short courses

(VEW/AEO) .07 (1850) 129.5 (3439) 240.7 (5253) 367.7 (5950) 416.5 (5950) 416.5 1,570.9short courses

(Others) 1.2 (87) 104.4 (168) 201.6 (260) 312.0 (260) 312.0 (260) 312.0 1,242.0zonal workshop .1 (130) 13.0 (260) 26.0 (400) 40.0 (400) 40.0 (400) 40.0 159.0refresher train-

ing../ .35 - _ (1250) 437.5 437.5

Subtotal 405.2 771.6 1184.7 1233.5 1671.0 5,266.0

B. Pre-Service TrainiLngRDTC training-I (550) 3080.0 (550) 3080.0 (550) 3080.0 (575) 3080.0 - - 12,320.0

C. Orientation TrainingSubtotal, All Staff .1 (2194) 219.4 (1993) 199.3 (2231) 223.1 - - 641.b

D. ScholarshipsVEw e/ 8.0 (10) 80.0 (20) 160.0 (30) 240.0 (40) 320.0 800.0AEOs7SMS f/ 12.0 - (4) 48.0 (8) 96.0 (8) 96.0 (8) 96.0 336.0

Subtotal - 128.0 256.0 336.0 416.0 1,136.0

Total 3704.6 4178,9 4743.8 4649.5 2087.0 19,363.8Physical Contingencies (57.) 185.2 209.0 237.2 232.5 104.4 968.3

GRAND TOTAL 3889.8 4387.9 4981.0 4882.0 2191.4 20,332.1

at See oara 32, Annex 5 for description of courses.

b/ Total for both seasons.

c/ At RDTC after training of new staff complete.

d/ Based on budget of RDTCSwhose facilities (with the exceptionof the home science wing) will be used exclusively for trainingnew VEWs required by the project.

e/ One VEW per two Districts per year.

f/ 2 AEOs and 2 SMS.

- 78 -

INDIA ANNEX 3Table 5

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Karnataka Component

Incremental Staff Salaries and Incentives(Re. '000)

AnnualUnit ----------------- Y E A R ---------------------------Cost 1 2 3 4 5 Total(Ra.'000) (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost Cost

Incremental Extension Staff

Headquarters - ADA 28.0 (1) 28.0 (1) 28.0 (1) 28.0 (1) 28.0 (1) 28.0 140.0- JDA 22.0 (1) 22.0 (1) 22.0 (1) 22.0 (1) 22.0 (1) 22.0 110.0

Division - JDA 22.0 (2) 44.0 (2) 44.0 (2) 44.0 (2) 44.0 (2) 44.0 220.0- TA 12.4 (8) 99.2 (8) 99.2 (8) 99.2 (8) 99.2 (8) 99.2 496.0

District - Addl.PAO 21.0 (1) 21.0 (1) 21.0 (1) 21.0 (1) 21.0 (1) 21.0 105.0- Asst. 16.7 (2) 33.4 (8) 133.6 (15) 250.5 (15) 250.5 (15) 250.5 918.5- SMS a/ 16.7 (29) 484.3 (53) 885.1 (85) 1419.5 (85) 1419.5 (85) 1419.5 5,627.9- TA 12.4 (5) 62.0 (11) 136.4 (19) 235.6 (19) 235.6 (19) 235.6 905.2

Taluk - AsUt DA 16,7 (34) 567.8 (62) 1035.4 (115) 1920.5 (115) 1920.5 (115) 1920.5 7,364.7- SMS 14.4 (39) 561.6 (66) 950.4 (100) 1440.0 (100) 1440.0 (100) 1440.0 5,832.0- TA 12.4 (13) 161.2 (25) 310.0 (52) 644.8 (52) 644.8 (52) 644.8 2,405.6

Field Level - VEW 4.2 (180) 756.0 (626) 2629.2 (1323) 5556.6 (1323) 5556.6 (1323) 5556.6 20.055.0

Subtotal 2840.5 6294.3 11681.7 11681.7 11681.7 44,179.9

Incentives b/_ VEW 0.24 (445) 106.8 (850) 204.0 (1300) 312.0 (1300) 312.0 (1300) 312.0 1,246.8- AEO 0.60 (62) 37.2 (121) 72.6 (187) 112.2 (187) 112.2 (187) 112.2 446.4- Others 0.90 (42) 37.8 (76) 68.4 (116) 104.4 (116) 104.4 (116) 104.4 419.4

Subtotal 181.8 345.0 528.6 528.6 528.6 2,112.6

Incremental Support Staff

Headquarter

- Admin Officer 17.1 (3) 51.3 (3) 51.3 (3) 51.3 (3) 51.3 (3) 51.3 256.5

- Manager 11.8 (2) 23.6_ (2) 23.6 (2) 23.6 (2) 23.6 (2) 23.6 118.0- Superintendent 10.2 (5) 51.0 (5) 51.0 (5) 51.0 (5) 51.0 (5) 51.0 255.0- First Div. Clerk 8.1 (5) 40.5 (5) 40.5 (5) 40.5 (5) 40.5 (5) 40.5 202.5- Typist 6.2 (4) 24.8 (4) 24.8 (4) 24.8 (4) 24.8 (4) 24.8 124.0- Driver 5.2 (6) 31.2 (6) 31.2 (6) 31.2 (6) 31.2 (6) 31.2 156.0- Other 4.0 (6) 24.0 (6) 24.0 (6) 24.0 (6) 24.0 (6) 24.0 120.0

Division

- Admin Officer 17.4 (8) 136.8 (8) 136.8 (8) 136.8 (8) 136.8 (8) 136.8 684.0- Superintendent 10.2 (8) 81.6 (8) 81.6 (8) 81.6 (8) 81.6 (8) 81.6 408.0- FDC 8.1 (8) 64.8 (8) 64.8 (8) 64.8 (8) 64.8 (8) 64.8 324.0- Typist 6.2 (14) 86.8 (14) 86.8 (14) 86.8 (14) 86.8 (14) 86.8 434.0- Photo/Artist 10.2 (10) 102.0 (10) 102.0 (10) 102.0 (10) 102.0 (10) 102.0 510.0- print. staff c/ 5.8 (24) 139.2 (24) 139.2 (24) 139.2 (24) 139.2 (24) 139.2 696.0- Other 4.0 (7) 28.0 (7) 28.0 (7) 28.0 (7) 28.0 (7) 28.0 140.0

District

- Admin Asst. 12.7 (5) 63.5 (11) 139.7 (19) 241.3 (19) 241.3 (19) 241.3 927.1- Typist 6.2 (6) 37.2 (12) 74.4 (20) 124.0 (20) 124.0 (20) 124.0 483.6

Taluk

- FDC 8.1 (24) 194.4 (33) 267.3 (87) 704.7 (87) 704.7 (87) 704.7 2,575.8- sDC d/ 5.8 (21) 121.8 (40) 232.0 (60) 348.0 (60) 348.0 (60) 348.0 1,397.8- Typist 6.2 (43) 266.6 (67) 415.4 (128) 793.6 (128) 793.6 (128) 793.6 3,062.8- Driver 5.2 (21) 109.2 (40) 208.0 (60) 312.0 (60) 312.0 (60) 312.0 1,253.2

Subtotal 1678.3 2222.4 3409.2 3409.2 3409.2 14,128.3

GRAND TOTAL 4700.6 8861.7 15619.5 15619.5 15619.5 60,420.8

a, Includes 5 extra SMS positions so that one SMS can be assigned to each RuralDevelopment Training Center on a rotational basis.

b/ Advanced Increment to be awarded to 25Z of the staff for good performance.c/ One compositor, printer and binder per division.U/ For Central Taluk only.

- 79 -

INDIA ANNEX 3Table 6

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Karnataka Component

Incremental Operating Costs

(Rs.'OOO)

Annual -----------------------------Y E A R --------------------------unit 1 2 3 4 5 Totalcost (Numbers) (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost Cost

Operating Expenses &Extension MaterialsVEW/AEO 0.4a/ (2030) 406.0 (3885) 1165.5 (5950) 2380.0 (5950) 2380.0 (5950) 2380.0 8,711.5Other staff b I1a_/ (108) 54.0 (208) 156.0 (320) 320.0 (320) 320.0 (320) 320.0 1,170.0Other expenses C/ (35) 140.0 (68) 272.0 (104) 416.0 (104) 416.0 (104) 416.0 1,660.0

Subtotal 600.0 1593.5 3116.0 3116.0 3116.0 11,541.5

Incremental TravelAllowances & Expenses 0.44' (180) 72.0 (626) 250.4 (1323) 529.2 (1323) 529.2 (1323) 529.2 1,910.0

AEO/Asst, DA/SMS (T) 1.8e/ (308) 554.4 (594) 1069.2 (925) 1665.0 (925) 1665.0 (925) 1665.0 6,618.6District SMS 2.4 (24) 57.6 (48) 115.2 (80) 192.0 (80) 192.0 (80) 192.0 748.8Division 3.6 (2) 7.2 (2) 7.2 (2) 7.2 (2) 7.2 (2) 7.2 36.0Headquarters 4.8 (1) 4.8 (1) 4.8 (1) 4.8 (1) 4.8 (1) 4.8 24.0

Subtotal 696.0 1446.8 2398.2 2398.2 2398.2 9,337.4

Vehicle OperatingCostsCentral Taluk (diesel) 6.0/ (21) 126.0 (40) 240.0 (60) 360.0 (60) 360.0 (60) 360.0 1,446.0District (diesel) 10.I / (9) 90.0 (16) 160.0 (28) 280.0 (28) 280.0 (28) 280.0 1,090.0

(petrol) 17.5.2 (6) 105.0 (12) 210.0 (20) 350.0 (20) 350.0 (20) 350.0 1,365.0Division (petrol) 21.02_/ (5) 105.0 (5) 105.0 (5) 105.0 (5) 105.0 (5) 105.0 525.0Headquarters (petrol) 30.Oj. (6) 180.0 (6) 180.0 (6) 180.0 (6) 180.0 (6) 180.0 900.0

Subtotal 606.0 895.0 1275.0 1275.0 1275.0 5,326.0

Total (excl. contingencies) 1902.0 3935.3 6789.2 6789.2 6789.2 26,204.9Physical contingencies (5%/) 95.1 196.8 339.5 339.5 339.5 1,310.4

GRAND TOTAL 1997.1 4132.1 7128.7 7128.7 7128.7 27,515.3

' Includes printing of diaries, charts and instructional materials, samples of smallimplements, seeds, pesticides for demonstrations during training and field trials,poster paper and paints for simple visual aids. Taken at 50% of unit cost in year 1,577 in year 2, 100% thereafter.

b/ Includes SMS, Central TAO, PAO.

c/ Rs.4,000 per Central Taluk, District and Divisional Office.

d/ Fixed TA at Rs.32.5 p.m.

e/ Mileage allowance at Rs.150 per month.

f/ 15,000 km/year @ Rs.0.4/km.

g/ 25,000 km/year @ Rs.0.4/km.

h/ 25,000 km/year @ Rs.0.7/km.

i/ 30,000 km/year @ Rs.0.7/km.

i1 42,500 km/year @ Rs.0.7/km.

- 80 - ANNEX 3

INDIA Table 7

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Karnataka Component

Monitoring and Evaluation(Rs. '000)

-YEAR___________----------Y E A R----------------------------Annual 1 2 3 4 5Unit Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost (No.) Cost Total Cost

Staff SalariesHead, Evaluation

Unit a/ 22.0 (1) 22.0 (1) 22.0 (1) 22.0 (1) 22.0 (1) 22.0 110.0Head, Sample Survey 20.2 (1) 20.2 (1) 20.2 (1) 20.2 (1) 20.2 (1) 20.2 101.0Agric. Econ. 16.7 (1) 16.7 (1) 16.7 (1) 16.7 (1) 16.7 (1) 16.7 83.5Field Supervisors 14.4 (8) 115.2 (1) 115.2 (1) 115.2 (1) 115.2 (1) 115.2 576.0Field Investigators 10.2 (12) 122.4 (24) 244.8 (40) 408.0 (40) 408.0 (40) 408.0 1,591.2Statistical Clerks 8.1 (5) 40.5 (5) 40.5 (5) 40.5 (5) 40.5 (5) 40.5 202.5Typists 6.2 (2) 12.4 (2) 12.4 (2) 12.4 (2) 12.4 (2) 12.4 62.0Head, Ad Hoc Studies-b/ 20.2 (1) 20.2 (1) 20.2 (1) 20.2 (1) 20.2 (1) 20.2 101.0Social Scientist 16.7 (1) 16.7 (1) 16.7 (1) 16.7 (1) 16.7 (1) 16.7 83.5Research Officers 12.4 (2) 24.8 (2) 24.8 (2) 24.8 (2) 24.8 (2) 24.8 124.0Statistical Clerk 8.1 (1) 8.1 (1) 8.1 (1) 8.1 (1) 8.1 (1) 8.1 40.5Typist 6.2 (1) 6.2 (1) 6.2 (1) 6.2 (1) 6.2 (1) 6.2 31.0

Subtotal 425.4 547.8 711.0 711.0 711.0 3,106.2

Vehicles & EquipmentDepartment Vehicles- Sedan 35.0 (1) 35.0 - - - - 35.0- 4-WD 55.0 (2) 110.0 - - - - 110.0Staff owned- motorcycles 5.0 (20) 100.0 (12) 60.0 (16) 80.0 - - 240.0Furniture & equipment.C/ 40.0 _ - - - 40.0

Subtotal 285.0 60.0 80.0 - - 425.0

Operating ExPensesTravel allowance-/ 2.4 (27) 64.8 (39) 93.6 (55) 132.0 (55) 132.0 (55) 132.0 554.4Vehicle operating cost- petrol 20.0 (1) 20.0 (1) 20.0 (1) 20.0 (1) 20.0 (1) 20.0 100.0- diesel 15.0 (2) 30.0 (2) 30.0 (2) 30.0 (2) 30.0 (2) 30.0 150.0Office expenses 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 250.0Consultants Fees b/ 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 50.0

Subtotal 174.8 203.6 242.0 242.0 242.0 1,104.4

Total (less Contingencies) 885.2 811.4 1033.0 953.0 953.0 4,635.6Physical Contingencies e/ 23.0 13.2 16.1 12.1 12.1 76.5

GRAND TOTAL 908.2 824.6 1049.1 965.1 965.1 4,712.1

a/ Head of unit will draw on support from UAS social science faculty equivalent to oneman year in sample survey section and one man year in ad hoc studies.

b/ Selected studies to be contracted out to UAS.

C/ Includes desk and pocket calculators.

d/ Assumed at Rs.200 p.m. for all professional staff.

e/ 5% on equipment and operating expenses only.

- 81 -ANNEX 3Table 8

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Karnataka Component

Requirement and Availability of Extension Staff by District

AEOs -/

Required Aest, DA

Farm/ b VEWs.C/ New and SMS New -

Families VEWs-/ Avai- VEWs Avai- SMS Avai- SMS Avai- New

DISTRICT ('000) Required lable Required lable Required lable Required Required lable Recruits

YEAR - I

1. Mysore 271.9 360 204 156 50 12 5 7 11 7 42. Dharwar 268.7 430 585 -155 60 15 5 10 17 5 12

3. Bijapur 247.5 360 314 46 50 12 4 8 11 6 5

4. Raichur 229.4 320 266 54 45 12 5 7 9 3 6

S. Gulbarga 212.7 310 231 79 45 12 5 7 10 3 7

Subtotal - YEAR I 1230.2 1780 1600 t80 250 63 24 39 58 24 34

YEAR - II

1. Shimoga 147.3 250 134 116 35 9 4 5 9 2 7

2. Hassan 166.7 210 154 56 30 9 4 5 8 2 63. Mandya 215.9 300 185 115 45 9 6 3 7 2 5

4. Belgaum 306.3 400 278 122 60 12 7 5 10 8 2

5. Bellary 125.0 210 234 - 24 30 9 4 5 8 6 2

6. Chitradurga 180.9 250 189 61 35 9 5 4 9 3 6

Subtotal - YEAR II 1142.1 1620 1174 446 235 57 30 27 51 23 28

YEAR - III

1. Bangalore 240.7 320 239 81 45 9 5 4 11 5 62. Kolar 209.4 270 159 111 40 9 3 6 11 2 9

3. Tunikur 285.4 350 160 190 50 9 3 6 10 2 8

4. Dakshina Kan. 129.9 270 178 92 40 9 3 6 8 2 65. Chickmagalore 92.1 160 91 69 25 6 3 3 7 0 76. Kodagu 36.8 60 38 22 10 3 3 0 3 0 37. Uttara Kan. 106.2 230 133 97 35 9 3 6 11 2 98. Bidar 87.7 140 105 35 20 6 3 3 5 0 5

Subtotal - YEAR III 1188.2 1800 1103 697 265 60 26 34 66 13 53

GRAND TOTAL 3560.5 5200 3877 1323 750 180 80 100 175 60 115

a/ Source: 1971 Agricultural Census.

b One per 400 to 800 farm families.

c/ Includes 1855 VEWs to be transferred from the CommunityDevelopment Department plus 2022 in the DOA.

d/ Sufficient staff available.

-82 - ANNEX 3Table 9

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Karnataka Component

Requirement of Extension Staff by Year

Y E A R

1 2 3 4 5

VEWExisting Staff Yearly 1600 1174 1103 - -

Cumulative 1600 2774 3877 3877 3877

New staff required Yearly 180 446 697 - -Cumulative 180 626 1323 1323 1323

Training output Yearly 550 550 550 575 -Cumulative 550 1100 1650 2225 2225

AEOExisting staff Yearly 250 235 265 - -

Cumulative 250 485 750 750 750TALUKAExisting Subdivision Yearly 24 30 26 - -

SMS a/ Cumulative 24 54 80 80 80

New Subdivision SMS a/ Yearly 39 27 34 - -Cumulative 39 66 100 100 100

Existing Asst, DA Yearly 24 23 13 - -

Cumulative 24 47 60 60 60

New Asst. DA Yearly 34 28 53 - -

Cumulative 34 62 115 115 115DISTRICT LEVELNew District SMS b/ Yearly 24 24 32 - -

Cumulative 24 48 80 80 80

Existing District c/ Yearly 3 0 1 - -H.Q.A. (Input Officer)- Cumulative 3 3 4 4 4

New Dist. H.O.A. Yearly 8 - -(Input Officer) c/ Cumulative

Existing Addl. DDA Yearly 8 - -Cumulative 8 8 8

Existing PAO Yearly 5 6 6 - -Cumulative 5 11 19 19 19

New PAO Cumulative I 1 1 1 1

DIVISIONAL LEVELExisting JDA Yearly 6 - - - -

Cumulative 6 6 6 6 6

New JDA Yearly 2 - - - -

Cumulative 2 2 2 2 2

STATE HEADQUARTERSExisting DDA Yearly 20 - - - -(SMS) Cumulative 20 20 20 20 20

New JDA (Adaptive Yearly 1 - - - -Research) Cumulative 1 1 1 1 1

New Addl. DA Yearly 1 - - - -

(Routine work) Cumulative 1 1 1 1 1

a/ Subdivision SMS - Agricultural Officer (AO)b/ District SMS - Assistant Director of Agriculture (Asst, DA)c/ District HQA - Assistant Director of Agriculture (Asst, DA)

- 83 -

INDIACOMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Karnataka ComponentExtension Organization

IDIRECTOR OF AGRICULTURE

SENIORJDSMS TEAM (Field Trials)

DIVISIONS (6/8) DL JDA

DISTRICTS (19120) PRINCIPAL AGRICULTURAL STOF FICER (4

I

TALUKSCentral (60) TALUKOther (115) ASSISTANT DIRECTORTotal (1175) OF AGRICULTURE

(Coordination)

TALUK TALUKASSISTANT DIRECTOR / ASSISTANT DIRECTOR

OF AGRICULTURE 0 OF AGRICULTURE

AEOEO AE50O AEO

VEW (5200) VEW VEW

8 Farmer Units/VEWabout 10 contact farmers/unit - 416,000 contact farmersabout 80/90 farm families/unit -3.56 million farm families

World Bank - 19243

- 84 -

INDIACOMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

KARNATAKA COMPONENTLINKAGES BETWEEN EXTENSION & RESEARCH

Directorate State Level University ofof - Technical m __ __ Agricultural

Agriculture Committee Sciences

I 'Director I tatutzory

of _______ ___ _______ ResearchAgriculture I Council

Division onaJD L Zo a

[~~~~~ J - = -2District l District Leveo BPAO Technical _ _ _Feld rafSMSPCogrttemr

Tal uka oo _ _TAO (SMS)

AEO

World Bank -19549

- 85 - ANNEX 4Page 1

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

TRAINING

I. Introduction

1. An objective of an agricultural extension service is to increaseagricultural productivity and thus farmer incomes. To do this, farmers needthe knowledge and skills for efficient management of their crops, livestock,

physical resources and the farm business as a whole. Essentials of successinclude incentives for production, practical and evolving technology, andavailability of markets, inputs, credit and transportation.

2. The responsibility of extension agents is to provide the farmer with

the knowledge to optimize agricultural potential, and to verify new technologyas it develops. A training program is thus essential both for farmers andextension workers. In addition, practical training is essential for extensionworkers since they must be able to demonstrate to farmers the actual techniques

of improved husbandry.

II. Present Situation

3. Training for Indian field level extension workers engaged in agri-

cultural and community development was initiated in 1950-52 when 100 extension(gramsevak) training centers were established throughout the country by GOI.

These centers were transferred to state governments in 1960. To date, 110,000village level workers have received preservice training and a further 53,000have obtained refresher training at 83 gramsevak and 25 gramsevika (female

extension workers) centers.

4. Extension (graduate) officers from state Departments of Agriculture

and Animal Husbandry attend refresher courses at selected agricultural/veter-inary colleges located countrywide. Training for 2,900 senior officers inspecialized fields and extension administration has been provided at variousresearch centers and at SAU since 1966. In addition, short term trainingopportunities are offered at seminars and workshops organized by SAU and

GOI.

5. To provide quality instruction in extension methods, GOI establishedthree Extension Education Institutes (EEI) at Nilokheri (Haryana), Anand(Gujarat) and Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh). These are supervised by the Train-ing Unit of the Directorate of Agricultural Extension (DAE) of GOI.

- 86 - ANNEX 4Page 2

6. The DAE Training Unit (TU) provides leadership, guidance and finan-cial assistance to state governments in planning, implementing, supervising,coordinating and evaluating training programs designed for all levels ofextension workers. Other functions of the TU include the development offarmer training centers, home science extension education, support for farmervoluntary organizations, youth clubs and farmer exchanges with other countries.

III. The New Programs

7. Training programs for extension workers and agricultural adminis-trators must be strengthened to provide better dissemination of adviceas a means of overcoming production constraints and to assist farmers in theadoption of improved husbandry practices. The Training and Visit system isthe basis for an improved extension service. This system depends on sus-tained and regular training of extension workers and the transfer of appro-priate messages to farmers through regular visits by VEW. The keystone is thecontinuous practical training of VEW and AEO by SMS who are conversant withthe latest research results, active in the identification of local problemsand participants in local verification trials. Training in administration andmanagement is required for the higher levels of supervisory staff.

Training Strategy

8. Since the extension service is to change farming practices, 1/training of research-extension-farmer teams must be such that it impartsthe specific information needed. There is little merit in merely telling thefarmer "use fertilizer." The farmer needs to know how to carry out each taskin the fertilization process: (1) identification of crop nutrient needs, (2)selection of the correct fertilizer, (3) calculation of the amount of fertil-izer needed based upon field size and recommended rate of application, and(4) application so as to ensure an even spread of fertilizer at the correcttime and depth. It is best if VEW actually work with the farmer in performingthese tasks. This implies that VEW must be able to perform all tasks and,likewise, AEO and SMS who train VEW must also be able to perform all tasks.

9. Furthermore, trainers of SMS (generally research workers and col-lege professors) need to be acquainted with farming operations and how theyare best performed. This requires a change in present training methods froma reliance on lectures to "learning by doing."

10. The first step in the design of appropriate training programs isan identification of the skills and knowledge required by the farmer to

1/ i.e. planting new varieties, improved crop stands, more efficientuse of fertilizer or irrigation water, to produce higher yields andgreater disposable income.

- 87 - ANNEX 4Page 3

improve his production. The second step is to identify which of these will

be taught by VEW to the farmer. The order of operations and their seasonal

priority is then determined so that VEW can receive appropriate training at

the proper time. AEO, as supervisor of VEW, will also need training in what

is to be passed on to the farmer. The training AEO receive should be at a

higher level than that given to VEW so that AEO can help VEW in adaption of

this knowledge to meet local needs of farmers. AEO should also be able to

answer more advanced technical questions, and to identify practical problems.

For subdivisional and district SMS, even greater depth of knowledge is re-

quired so as to be able to instruct both AEO and VEW.

11. Research workers will need to develop an ability in field identi-

fication of factors limiting farm production and in targeting research

programs to the practical resolution of these problems. This implies joint

farm visits between SMS and research workers; cooperation in the design,

execution and analysis of trials on farmers' fields; and the continuous

exchange of information and ideas between research, extension and farmers.

Both this project and NARP support these activities.

Tests and Demonstrations

12. To provide a measure of the effectiveness of training programs and

to permit trainees to assess progress, short tests of knowledge and demon-

stration of skills would be integrated into the training programs. Precourse

testing would assist instructors in emphasizing those areas in which trainees

need the most assistance and would eliminate instruction in areas in which

trainees already possess adequate skill or knowledge. Pretesting helps the

trainee identify areas in which he needs assistance and thus provides some

motivation to learn. Testing may include identification of limiting factors

such as diseases, insects, nutritional deficiencies, or demonstrations by the

trainee of crop production techniques. Emphasis should be placed on the

practical rather than extensive testing of written knowledge. Comparison of

pre- and post-course tests will permit the trainee to identify what he has

learned and the instructor to evaluate the effectiveness and adequacy of his

instruction.

Training for Extension Workers

13. Fortnightly training of VEW and AEO by SMS would be a major feature

of the project. Additional and more specialized training would be provided

for each category of extension worker (VEW, AEO, SMS, subdivisional and

district officers and administrators). These are described below.

Village Extension Workers (VEW)

14. Preservice Training. VEW have generally completed secondary school

and are then usually given a two-year diploma course in agriculture at a train-

ing center. The content, practical training, and length of the diploma course

is somewhat variable, but in the past has generally included subjects related

to community development in addition to agriculture. These courses need more

- 88 - ANNEX 4

Page 4

emphasis on practical training in crop and livestock production. Severalstates have already adopted shorter courses concentrating on agriculture.

15. Orientation Training. VEW, upon recruitment, may receive addi-tional training in extension methodology and crop production.

16. Inservice Training: Regular. A major feature of the T & V systemis training of VEW once a fortnight. This training is carried out by SMS and,

reviewed by AEO with his VEW on the alternate week. For sessions given bySMS, the basic training unit would be a group of 30-40 VEW and AEO. Theywould meet on a regular day, once in two weeks, to receive instruction from

subdivisional staff (SDAO and SMS), supported as necessary by district staffand research workers. Most sessions would be held where there are means forpractical application of lessons taught--at a seed farm, an experimental sta-tion, or at a training center. Training would cover actual farm situationsmost likely to arise over the next two-week period. Time would be allowed forVEW to carry out field operations and practice presentations to peer groupsplaying the role of farmers. During training, VEW would have a chance toraise and discuss problems which they had encountered. Block DevelopmentOfficers (BDO), representatives of cooperatives, banks and agro-servicecenters, irrigation engineers and all other staff participating in agricul-tural activities would be invited to attend the summary portion of thesesessions to ensure coordination of related activities. On the alternatetraining day in each two week period, the VEW would meet with his AEO to

review current problems and practice skills. Preseason training. Prior toeach of the two main agricultural seasons (rabi and kharif) VEW would receivea 2-3 day course covering the main seasonal crops and practices recommendedfor them. These courses would be held at subdivisional or district level.Representatives from headquarters, zonal and district levels, as well asresearch workers would attend. These courses would initiate the extensioncampaign for the coming season. Refresher courses, of about six weeks dura-tion, would be given each year to some VEW when facilities are available.Courses would be held at Extension Training Centers or SAU.

17. Specialized training. Some VEW would be given specialized trainingin particular crops/disciplines which are of special importance in theirareas. For this purpose, specialized courses would be organized by theextension service and/or state agricultural universities.

18. Promotional training. Training grants would be available to selectedindividuals to enable them to obtain a degree and thus qualify for promotionto AEO.

Agricultural Extension Officers (AEO)

19. Preservice training. AEO will generally be university graduates,although a number may be recruited directly from experienced VEW. Degreetraining is available at SAU to make AEO more useful to field service anduniversities would be encouraged to include more practical field trainingin their teaching program.

-89 - ANNEX 4

Page 5

20. Orientation training. Suitable instruction would be given in ex-tension methods, the T & V system, and in appropriate specialized subjectssuch as crop production, crop protection, etc. Some states would appointnew staff members to work for several months with a more experienced AEOin order to gain experience.

21. Inservice training. AEO would attend all training sessions ofVEW given at block and subdivisional/district level. At the fortnightlysubdivision sessions they would be expected to help SMS in the training.In addition to visiting each VEW in the field, AEO would conduct a reviewtraining meeting for their VEW each fortnight. AEO would also be givenextra help and training by SMS to develop greater subject matter competencyso they can assist VEW in the identification of field problems. Regulartraining. AEO would, in addition to the fortnightly sessions with SMS andVEW, attend the 2-3 day preseason training sessions twice a year and specialmeetings and training courses arranged at district level. Refresher training.A number of existing AEO have had inadequate training. While the fortnightlytraining sessions would help overcome these deficiencies, a somewhat longerrefresher training course would be helpful. In the initial years of theproject, however, the other preservice and inservice training programsdescribed above will necessarily have priority and efforts should be con-centrated on these programs. Once these programs are going well, those AEOmost in need of further training would be identified and refresher trainingwould begin.

22. Promotional training for AEO. A small number of scholarships toSAU would be provided each year for extension staff who show exceptionaltalent and for whom such higher training would be necessary for furtherpromotion. A few AEO will be deputed every year for a two year M.Sc. courseat SAU.

Subject Matter Specialists (SMS)

23. SMS play an important role in providing technical support and train-ing to AEO and VEW. Few SMS are now equal to the assigned tasks. There wouldbe several levels of SMS: subdivisional; district; and state, each withincreasing levels of experience.

24. Selection of SMS has been considered at the national level and thefollowing qualifications have been proposed for guidance of the state govern-ments in recruitment of subdivisional specialists.

(i) Fresh Recruits. M.Sc. (Agri.) with specialization inagronomy or other disciplines and preferably at leasttwo years of field experience in agriculture.

(ii) Deputations. Specialists with M.Sc. (Agri.) qualificationswith appropriate specialization may be taken on deputationfrom the agricultural universities. Seconding of expertsfrom the universities would be useful also for exposing thecampus and research officers to field programs.

- 90 - ANNEX 4Page 6

(iii) Promotion. Eligible for promotion to SMS would be personshaving basic qualification of B.Sc. (Agri.) with at leastfive years experience in the Department of Agriculture.District and state SMS would need more experience to provideleadership for subdivisional SMS.

Subject Matter Specialists - Training

25. Orientation. Newly recruited SMS, particularly those belonging tothe promotion category, may require 2 to 3 months training in their special-ization. This training would be arranged at the agricultural university ora suitable research institute within the state.

26. Inservice training: Regular. Each SMS would be responsible forkeeping up-to-date in his subject matter field. One-third of his time wouldbe spent with research workers and participating in applied research andverification trials supplemented by reading and discussions with co-workers.Preseason activities would take place in the workshop sessions where SMS andresearch workers develop local recommendations for the next crops. Theseaspects of SMS work and training would be coordinated at district and head-quarters levels. Specialists working at various levels would also requiresome specialized refresher training to keep them up-to-date with the latesttechnological developments in the major crops of the area or in their fieldof specialization. These are described below:

(a) Monthly Training. To provide effective training to VEW,it is necessary that SMS keep up-to-date with the latestrecommendations. For this purpose, SMS will have 1-2days training every month at the agricultural university/research station located in their zone. The DirectorGeneral, ICAR, is being requested to issue necessaryinstructions to SAU for assisting the DOA in organizingthese courses.

(b) Two-Week Regional Courses. SMS posted at subdivisional,district and state level will be provided two week trainingin production technology of specific crops to improve theirprofessional competence. The courses will be conducted atselected institutes. A copy of the schedule of courses isavailable from DAE.

(c) Six-Month Training in Important Crops. In order to buildup the professional competence of SMS, it is consideredimportant that they be given practical training in thecultivation of important food crops on the IRRI pattern.In view of the time constraint and the rapid demand fortrained SMS, it has been decided that a composite courseof 4-6 months, covering 2-3 important seasonal crops,would be arranged during rabi and kharif every year. To

-91 - ANNEX 4

Page 7

start with, this training will be arranged at IARI, New Delhifor the western, central and northern states and at AICRIP,Hyderabad for the eastern and southern states. In thesecourses, 20-25 SMS will be deputed for training on the pro-duction technology of crops grown in the region.

(d) International Training. Practical training in crop produc-tion is also available at IRRI (Philippines), CIMMYT (Mexico),ICRISAT (India) and other locations. The international insti-tutes may also participate in training arranged in India. Inthe past, these training courses were not fully utilized. Inconsultation with the Director General, ICAR, it has now beendecided that in the future DAE would arrange internationaltraining of SMS and training staff from the states which haveadopted the T & V system.

27. Deputation. The exchange of DOA SMS with SAU is especiallydesirable. The Director of Agricultural Extension in each state would meetwith the SAU to develop opportunities for exchange of personnel. During theexchange, salary, promotion and incidental expenses would generally be theresponsibility of the parent organization.

28. Promotional training. A small number of training grants would beavailable in each state for SMS pursuing a M.Sc. or Ph.D in India or for short,practical training at international institutes. Young (below the age of 35)and especially promising SMS would be given preference for these grants.

Administrative Personnel

29. In addition to subject matter training, training in extensionmethods, administration and management would be available to all supervisorypersonnel (SDAO, DAO, Joint Directors, etc.) as well as SMS.

30. Preservice and orientation training. Personnel appointed tosupervisory positions would generally be experienced within the organizationbefore appointment. At the time of appointment, orientation to exact dutiesand responsibilities would be provided by supervising officers.

31. Inservice training. Special training opportunities would be or-ganized by the Director of Agriculture for staff at all supervisory levels.Promotional, graduate, and international training/visits in other statesor countries may be provided to individuals undertaking additional programresponsibilities.

Summary of Training in State Programs

32. The ADA (Extension) would be responsible for organizing the train-ing of all staff at zonal and district levels and, with the assistance ofsenior SMS, would also be responsible for organizing short courses for SMSand other senior staff. The DAO, in consultation with the SDAO, district and

- 92 - ANNEX 4Page 8

subdivisional SMS, would be responsible for arranging training at the sub-divisional level. Thus, the following activities would be scheduled:

Activity Where held Frequency Duration Participants Leader

MonthlyPreparation Subdivision 12 x year 2 days SDAO, SMS, AEO DAO

Fortnightly Subdivision 24 x year 1 day VEW (AEO) SDAO, SMS,(about 30) AEO

Preseason Zonal orStatewide 2 x year 3-5 days DAO, SMS ADA, SMS, SAU

District 2 x year 2-3 days SDAO, AEO, SMS DAO, SMS, SAU

Subdivision 2 x year 2-3 days VEW SDAO, SMS

Special courses All India 40 x year 2-3 weeks SMS & above TU, ICAR,for SMS as needed to 6 SAU

months

Statewide As needed 1/2-3 SMS & above SAUmonths

Special courses Statewide As needed 1/2-3 AEO & above SAUfor DAO, SDAO, monthsAEO

Special courses Statewide As needed 1/2-3 VEW SAU or Exten-for VEW months sion Training

CentersPromotional for Statewide As needed 12-48 AEO & VEW SAUAEO and VEW months

Promotional Statewide As needed 6-48 SMS SAUfor SMS months

International All-India As needed 1/2-6 SMS & above TUtraining months

Additional training courses may be arranged by the states to provide fororientation, instruction in extension methods and other courses to satisfylocal needs.

- 93 - ANNEX 4Page 9

IV. Training Functions of Directorate of Agricultural Extension

33. The Training Unit (TU) of the Directorate of Agricultural Extensionwould continue to be responsible for providing leadership and guidance tostates in planning, implementing, coordinating and evaluating training pro-grams for extension workers. All state governments will identify an officerto coordinate training activities with SAU and DAE. In addition to assistingstates, TU organizes All-India and regional training programs, particularlyfor SMS and senior officers, at agricultural universities and central researchand training institutes. The duties and organization of TU are describedin para 2.16 and below.

34. Training of extension personnel is a state responsibility, but atGOI level TU would be the focal point among the states for the collectionand exchange of experiences on training. During the five years of the credit,TU would concentrate its efforts in the following areas:

(a) Utilization of improved training strategy for extensiontraining in regular inservice programs and in specialtraining at agricultural universities, research institutes,and EEI. Workshops to assure understanding and utilizationof training for behavioral objectives and testing of per-formance would be conducted by TU. These workshops wouldhelp local coordinators to prepare detailed course objec-tives and learning and skill goals.

(b) TU would assist the states in developing state training plansfor SMS which would: (i) identify the state extension pro-gram goals; (ii) set priorities; (iii) identify staffing needsand responsibilities; (iv) specify education-training-experienceneeded for staff; (v) provide a schedule to assist in orderlystaff development, and (vi) identify the role of training andacademic institutions in the development and presentation ofcourses.

(c) Courses for SMS. In addition to training arranged withinindividual states, the TU would organize 200 courses invarious crops/disciplines over the next five years fordistrict and subdivisional SMS (see para 26).

Number of courses to be organizedYear at All-India/Regional level

1978-79 251970-80 351980-81 401981-82 501982-83 50

Total 200

- 94 - ANNEX 4Page 10

(d) TU would arrange for ICAR and other Indian institutionsparticipating in various training programs to developtraining materials and manuals.

(e) Evaluating Training Programs. The TU would continue toevaluate centrally sponsored training programs, but moreemphasis would be placed upon the measurement of skillsand knowledge learned rather than the "development ofawareness."

(f) Visit to states by TU personnel would emphasize thedesign of appropriate practical training courses. Forthe first year, the emphasis should be on courses for SMS.GOI would also assist states in the design and coordinationof training programs for subdivisional SMS, DAO, AEO and VEW.

(g) The TU would arrange for international assistance fromICRISAT, IRRI, CIMMYT, and other organizations in theconduct of training programs for international trainingof extension workers.

Training Unit - Staff Requirements

35. Incremental staff would be needed to strengthen the TU. Ratherthan appoint national SMS to aid the states, it is proposed that specialistsbe seconded from ICAR, SAU or other departments within the Ministry ofAgriculture for three year assignments to help in planning and organizingthe subject matter courses at premier institutions in India. (See Table 3,Annex 5). The following staff would be provided for strengthening thetraining unit:

Joint Director (Training Unit - T & V) ITraining Coordinator (Agronomy) 2Training Coordinator (Water Management) ITraining Coordinator (Plant Protection) 1Senior Extension Officers 1Assistant Extension Officers (Grade I) 4

In addition, services of experts in other crops/disciplines would be re-quired from time to time to lend technical support to various training pro-grams. These short-term consultants would be required for a duration of15-30 days and would be paid Rs 150 per day as honorarium for thisassignment.

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Directorate of Agricultural Extension Component

Summary of Costs(Rs. '000)

…---------------------…Year…---_______________ - Foreign Exchange1 2 3 4 5 Total % Cost

IncrementalSalaries 386.4 386.4 386.4 386.4 386.4 1,932.0 - -

Vehicles 190.0 190.0 25 47.5C'

Equipment 530.0 250.0 780.0 40 312.0

Operating Costs 1,324.7 1,649.7 1,729.7 1,959.7 1,889.7 8,553.5 30 2,566.0

Total 2,431.1 2,286.1 2,116.1 2,346.1 2,276.1 11,455.5 25 2,925.5

ContingenciesPhysical @ 5% 102.2 103.3 94.8 106.3 102.8 509.4 25 127.0

Price 117.0 258.0 381.0 589.0 742.0 2,087.0 30 626.0

Grand Total 2,650.3 2,647.4 2,591.9 3,041.4 3,120.9 14,051.9 26 3,678.5

(- dX

- 96- ANNEX 5

TABLE 2

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Directorate of Agricultural Extension

Field Extension Unit

(Rs. '000)

Number Unit Cost Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total

STAFF SALARIES

Joint Extension Commissioner (1) 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 150.0Director-Field Extension (1) 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 125.0

Joint Director (1) 21.6 21.6 21,6 21.6 21.6 21.6 108.0

Superintendent (1) 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 70.0

Support Staff a! (12) 6.4 77.0 77.0 77.0 77.0 77.0 385.0

Subtotal 167.6 167.6 167.6 167.6 167.6 838.0

EQUIPMENT

Cars (4) 35,0 140,0 140.0

Office Equipment 20.0 20.0 20.0

Subtotal 160.0 160.0

OPERATING COSTS

Vehicles (4) 17.5 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 350.0Office Expenses 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 50.0Travel Budget b/ 1.0 48.0 68.0 68.0 68.0 68.0 320.0Consultants cF 100.0 125.0 125.0 125.0 125.0 600.0

Subtotal 228.0 273.0 273.0 273.0 273.0 1,320.0

Total (excluding contingencies) 555.6 440.6 440.6 440.6 440.6 2,318.0Plus physical contingencies

(5% on equipment andoperating costs) 19.4 22.0 22.0 22.0 22.0 107.4

GRAND TOTAL - Field ExtensionUnit 575.0 462.6 462.6 462.6 462.6 2,425.4

a/ stenographers, typists, assistants, etc.

b/ 6 trips per staff member (to Asst. Director level) p.a. at Rs. 1,000/- each. After Year 2 includes travel

for local consultants at 20 trips per year at Rs. 1,000/- per trip.

c/ 6-8 local consultants at Rs. 150 per day; 1 foreign consultant p.a.

- 97 -ANNEX 5TABLE 3

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Directorate of Agricultural Extension

Training Unit

(Rs. '000)

Number Unit Cost Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total

STAFF SALARIES

Joint Director -Training Unit (1) 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 108.0

Training CoordinatorsAgronomy (2) 21.6 43.2 43.2 43.2 43.2 43.2 216.0Water Management (1) 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 108.0Plant Protection (1) 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 108.0

Sr. Extension Officer (1) 18.0 18.0 18,0 18,0 18,0 18.0 90,0Asst. Extension Officer

(Grade I) (4) 13.0 52.0 52.0 52.0 52.0 52.0 260.0

Subtotal 178.0 178.0 178,0 178,0 178,0 890.0

EQUIPMENT

Training Equipment a/ (18) 25.0 200.0 250.0 450.0

OPERATING COSTS

Travel Budget b/ 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 60.0Consultant Services c/ 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 30.0 150.0Training CoursesAll-India/Reg. d/ 400.0 560.0 640.0 800.0 800.0 3,200.0

Overseas Training e/ 230.0 350.0 350.0 420.0 350.0 1,700.0

Subtotal 672.0 952.0 1,032.0 1,262.0 1,192.0 5,110.0

Total (excluding contingencies) 1,050.0 1,380.0 1210,0 1,440,0 1,370.0 6,450.0Plus physical contingencies

(5% on equipment andoperating costs) 43.6 60.1 51.6 63.1 59.6 278.0

GRAND TOTAL - Training Unit 1,093.6 1,440.1 1,261.6 1,503.1 1,429.6 6,728.0

a/ Cameras (2); projectors - slide, 8 mm movie, overhead; cassette recorder; magaphone for issue to premiertraining centers.

b/ Six trips per year for Joint Director and other personnel at Rs. 1,000/- trip.

c/ 200 man days per year for preparation training courses and technical assistance.

d/ 200 All-India/Regional training courses for SMS at Rs. 16,000 each.

e/ 200 man months of overseas training for TU and states.

-98- ANNEX 5Table 4

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Directorate of Agricultural Extension

Farm Information Unit(Rs. '000)

Number Unit Cost Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Total

STAFF SALARIES

Joint Director (T & V) (1) 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 21.6 108.0Deputy Director (T & V) (1) 19.2 19.2 19.2 19.2 19.2 19.2 96.0

Subtotal 40.8 40.8 40.8 40.8 40.8 204.0

EQUIPMENT

Photographic Equipment a/ 25.5 25.5Photo Processing

Equipment b/ 71.0 71.0Projectors c/ 64.5 64.5Audio Equipment d/ 19.0 19.0Printing Equipment e/ 130.0 130.0Diesel Van 50.0 50.0

Subtotal 360.0 360.0

OPERATING COSTS

Vehicles 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 17.5 87.5Travel Budget f/ 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 60.0Consultants' Services g/ 95.2 95.2 95.2 95.2 95.2 476.0Films and Photographic Supplies 150.0 150.0 150.0 150.0 150.0 750.0Paper, Ink 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 500.0Other Materials 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 250.0

Subtotal 424.7 424.7 424.7 424.7 424.7 2,123.5

Total (excluding contingencies) 825.5 465.5 465.5 465.5 465.5 2,687.5

Plus physical contingencies(5% on equipment andoperating costs) 39.2 21.2 21.2 21.2 21.2 124.0

GRAND TOTAL - Farm Information Unit 864.7 486.7 486.7 486.7 486.7 2,811.5

a/ 35 mm cameras (2), 120 mm cameras (3), super 8 mm cameras (1), flash unit (1).b/ color and black and white processing laboratory, slide duplicators.c/ movie projectors (16 mm (4 nos.), super 8 mm (3 nos.), slide projectors of various types.d/ cassette recorders (4), tape duplicator (1), megaphone.e/ power driven letter press with accessories, composing typewriter (1), silk screen.f/ six trips per year for Joint Director and Deputy Director at Rs. 1,000 per trip.

j/ both local and/or foreign consultant services.

- 99 - ANNEX 5Table 5

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

DAE Component

Existing Staffing Pattern of Directorate of Extension

Extension Administration

Director 1Deputy Director 4Special Officer (Project) 1Assistant Administrative Officer 1Other Supporting Staff 82

Extension Training

Director 1Joint Director 4Senior Extension Officer 2Senior Home Economist 1Extension Officers 4Regional Home Economists 4Other Supporting Staff 64

Information-communication

Director 1Joint Directors 1Editors 4Deputy Directors (F.I.A.) 1Exhibition Officer 1Horticulture Officer 1Offset Production Officer 1Chief Artist 1Business Manager 1Other Supporting Staff 188

INDIACOMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

DIRECTORATE OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION COMPONENTOrganization Chart

Minister of Agriculture

I~z|Secretary of Agriculture

IAdditionalSecretary

Jon eretary and Joint7 ComissineEtninCommissioner

Dep Dir. Dp. Dir. Dep. Dir. ctor Dire. tr DiF r Dt. DirAdm. Adm. ~~~~~Ad m. Asst. Adm. Off. D.Di.J.Drt. .DrFamW ensICoor. (Per (Farm Off. (Proj.) vatl. 1g Frog

Info.)

(Fm If.) F.If. J.Dr. PIg Monitring

il Editing ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~dm.&lides IEvaluation

World Bank - 19150

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTERSION PROJECT

MAIN PER00RMANCE INDICATORS OP IDA-

FINANCED AORICI7LTORLAL EXTENSION PROJECTS

Are oee B-nfitt Con-tot EnteRsion Staff Suober CCiil Works TCop0.or.ntio boolon...t TetRinigi 51 -rJ&o-SCs-e 4/Crp an Ado .. traiv Dots iro ilErs faroor Bi Ir ub-div. AOl OC ffic- ho.e. Mtr.Bccl..rpndEr Co_reo Handays OSf

West Bengal Agrisrltoral ~~~~~~ha CM) Blocs. Sob-dir. N (DOG) DOE SMS ODAO DMS Vehicles Motorycle 8. 8 Roo_e Coc_ onc roi

Eoteoion & Be....rcih (Ce 690R1M

Effective.jp- Aupg. 30 '071 5 40400 17 SB 50 150 450 4000 90 iDOl 133 3450 1.85 380 28 12

Corren tLrgot Jove 3 '38 3.9 390 17 15 50 60 450 4000 DO 100 28 900 .34 ol3.3

Achie- -en es of Jane30 '78t. 16 250 17 0 50 2 312 3579 0 0 48 .62 ebBl 0

ovr_ts Oltra .eIed for 347 hnaoe. ho t noch.r.nonie ti-od

Deolpeent (C, 682-CS)E _ntne io 3877

At full do-olop-te Dco 31'83 4.5 30 60 3.4 448 30 65' 60 90 700 5600 16 2316 120 3300 2.1 40 20

Cornttret ln '78 60 30 45 38 0 700 3600 6h bOO 124 0800 4.0

AohiCtevenetsa of J-n 30'8 13 62 30 01 4 0 737 5307 0 43 0 0 4 53

BaR-ke Cebie tapprova for inproenat.ti obtained Feb. '78 aBange SASS etto- Sept. 1978

Madhyn pradesh Agrico1toraIfotnos Eon& R B.sesr-h(Cr P12-IS)

Z/ ~~~~~Eff-obv Sept. 0 '77As foBB d-rlopee.. Sept. 30 '83 7.0 Ii 50 2.0 3 17 53 23 80 230 3970 52 804 108 2229 3.1 27.1 bB

Carn agt Sept. '78 5 12 14 6 15 49 252 6 32 28 547 1.3 lb 1.3Asicleeeee.....ts asf Mas 1 15 12 10 6 10 20 So 0 24 0 13 6760

Re-ak. tenle m1isso Ontob-r 1978 report -aisfat-oy proV-o..

RaJas.t.han Agrb-l-ualEatn boo 6 Rees..rih iCr P37- IS)~~3~~1 ~EffectIve- Feb. 6 7

At Cr11 d-olopeet M-rh 31 '03 6.5 20 50 2.9 320 ii 40 38 118 549 4000 53 1452 1i? 350 6.7 26.351

Earrent targe Feb. 28 '79 28 00 4 280 50 60 310 23900 5 63 53 6800 3.6 I1.7

Aohierenen as'. of ..o 30 ' 78 2B 50 i88 6 0 iB 310 1460 0 0 36 B 5 112609.

tnR-ka Training Center being reovted. tona m-..isso ibrI9P reon _alfcoyprgen

CItnosio & Resarh (Co 728-1N3iffeoltre Sspt. 38 '77

At fo11 develo1p-et Marc h 31 '883 2.1 9 27 . 193 9 18 42 60 301 0440 6 670 113 2135 2.0 16

C-preo t_rge Jun 30 289 3 03 28 146 1267 3 131 33 35 .9 37 1.0

Achiensont as oR June 30 'PA If 1.4 9 0 lB 25 146 1343 0 9 14 15 .4 19 1245 :

Remrk SaactiE...d buildings under ray

Bihar Agrioub-trrIEnieslo 4 Beeaph (Cr 761 IN)

Efo-tive Mey 2 '78At foil development AprIl 30 '83 8.3 31 157 7.6 810 62 155 157 228 1123 8980 36 0326 216 7886 233 16.1 I

Current target May '79 4 12 8 69 24 43 044 0890 43 1633 .850 0

Anhi--meta o.f Sept. 30 '78 4 0

Renooks Projeot tvple....tatiu .. lus toaring. VFW trana.ferrd tn 6 dietrirte. Pull govrne- - notn gtveo. ADA fEot-nso) appoioted.

ifThe Stats-ride West fi-oga Agricultural oErnB eRaroh Project 109773 cS-er 17 districts, Including the 6 districts in ehich the T 4. V ny.ttnne firt.t introd-nd in 1975 asa-up .. e.t

In tbs West Bongal Agi -1tra .Bnsapet Projeot (Credit 541-IS). .

21Th Mdya Pradeeb .proe-taar-r 15 of 43 dlerrirte in the State, but the iS coerd di striate cout fun nice not lop ort-t -blhi arAsC Madhyr Pradeeh.

3i The Rajastha ProI i ovr l the d!tariott of rea-o le agrii-lturl potential.afProjm ceo oe nnol t he -te_ ta serolos, hot agrtui.toral r..erc. rhthh Is e-regth-ndu.denteeprjcs S-n th-r nooponots aecsof additinna.l staff, equip-so and

horoing eqrir-d bh.a... uf the s-ga-ieattn ofetnsin Curren -r ti-tv targets and r-iu, d.bureo- o r a f irtohb- 31, 1978.

5 Traiingdop -o ioolode sgul-r f o,ottghtly VEW6 traiin.l

ANNEX 6

TABLE 2- 102 -

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

All Components

Implementation Schedule

PRE

PRE-BOARD EFFECTIVE- -------------------- Month after Effectiveness ---------------

ITEM PRESENTATION NESS 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24

Civil Works

Site Selection

Prepare Tender

Start Construction

Vehicles & Equipment

Prepare Tenders for:

Purchase:

VehiclesEquipment

Staff

Appoint ADA (EXT)

Appoint ZOA, SDAO

Selection/Appointment of SMS

Selection/Appointment of AEO

Transfer of VEW ___

Proj ect Monitoring

Selection of Staff

Appointment of Staff

Data Collection and Eyaluation

Training

Orientation

All Other

DAE

Appoint Joint Commissioner

Selection and Appointmentof Staff

Implementation of FEU

a/ Phased in Gujarat and Karnataka

-103 - ANNEX 6Table 3

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Estimated IDA Disbursements

Disbursements Semester Cumulative

1979 1st a/ - -2nd a 0.5 0.5

1980 1st 2.0 2.52nd 2.0 4.5

1981 1st 2.0 6.52nd 2.5 9.0

1982 1st 3.0 12.02nd 2.5 14.5

1983 1st 2.5 17.02nd 2.5 19.5

1984 1st b/ 2.5 22.02nd - 2.0 24.0

1985 1st 1.0 25.0

a/ Estimated effectiveness date April 1, 1979.

bl Estimated closing date September 30, 1984.

- 104 - ANNEX 7

INDIA

COMPOSITE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION PROJECT

Reference Material Available in the ProjectFile on file at South Asia RegionalInformation Center-Document No. 143,544

GUJARAT

B-1 Appraisal of the Gujarat Agricultural Development Project, Agriculture,Forest and Cooperation Department, Government of Gujarat. GandhinagarMimeo. (Revised March 30, 1978).

HARYANA

B-2 Haryana Agricultural Extension Project, Department of Agriculture,Haryana, Chandigarh Mimeo (January 1978 with revisions).

KARNATKA

B-3 Project for Agricultural Extension and Research in Karnataka, ProjectFormulation Division, Planning Department, Karnataka GovernmentSecretariat. Bangalore Mimeo (December 1977 with revisions).

MAHARASHTRA

B-4 Project for Strengthening of Agricultural Extension Organizaton,Maharashtra State Department of Agriculture Mimeo (January 6, 1978).

GOI

B-5 National Extension Projects: Central Directorate of Extension,Directorate of Agricultural Extension, Ministry of Agriculture andIrrigation, typewritten with revisions (April 6, 1978).

WORLD BANK

B-6 Agricultural Extension: The Training and Visit System, Daniel Benorand James Q. Harrison. Printed World Bank (May 1977).

B-7 A System for Monitoring and Evaluating Agricultural Extension Projects,Michael M. Cernea and Benjamin J. Tepping. Printed World Bank StaffWorking Paper 272 (December 1977).

IBRD 13649R1

J \. U S S.R _.J uS S R I OCTOBER 1978

I .f . >xQ INDIA

AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE PROJECT

AFGHANISTAN i NEW PROJECTS

6' {. ' -, / EXISTING PROJECTS

* -I S,,a , STATE CAPITALS

. # JAMMU cnd KASHMIRj o NATIONAL CAPITAL

1j '1 . "', DISTRICT AND/OR PROJECT BOOUNDARIES

_____STATE BOUNDARIES

FIHVIMACHALI -. INTERNATIONAL BOUNDARIES

. o' C PRADESH° 10 200 3?0 4W) 309

Obo PUNJAB SOMy \ '°° 20n0 3T0 4y0 50

P A K I S T A N N t ilmes

/ DEL~~~~~~~EHI \ < tntr, g PAKISTAN~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IKMBHTNC

UTTAR PRADESH . > 5 (/1 B

t .N~NNO,. . R M A

- -tz nMAHARASHTRA

.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~H ..... -Wd? ..

\ TAMIL NADU . o ofB o/ . T

0 . ., tALA > / w : B%~v/ f Bngo

'-'-' -- ( --N4 -- oF\' ' ' I ',

7QNS ,.,+ i.b