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Venus of Willendorf. Austria. 25,000 BCE. (Paleolithic) Statuette. (material?) -As in much Paleolithic art showing people, a woman is depicted. -Most likely a fertility figure -Emphasizes reproductive attributes of woman. -Almost no facial features, arms & hands not often represented; no feet because usually standing.

Woman with Bison Horn. Laussel, France. 25,000 BCE. (Paleolithic) Relief carved on boulder. -Set in the front of a settlement like a door. -The horn is important: it introduces the element of sound & also because animal horns were used as repositories for medicines--magical properties (?). -Perhaps a leader or medicine woman. -Hands but reproductive the reproductive organs again emphasized -Hand laid over belly Reclining Woman. La Madeleine, France 25,000 BCE. (Paleolithic) Relief carved on cave wall -Representative of Paleolithic art in that it is carved on a pre-existing surface

Bison with turned head. La Madeleine, France 12,000 BCE. (Paleolithic) Relief carved on antler horn -Animal showed grooming--representative of Paleolithic art in that it shows a salient characteristic of the animal to make it more recognizable -Missing part of leg which it was licking -Male because of markings, large beard Altamira cave paintings. Santander, Spain Around 12,000-11,000 BCE. (Paleolithic) Cave paintings -Not painted at eye level -Connected with underwater channels Lascaux cave paintings France Various dates Cave paintings -Also connected with underground water channels -Light provided by tallow candles with stone holders -Used scaffolding or ladders to paint the above eyelevel paintings -Paintings include cattle, deers, stags, leaping cow, male deer with antlers, bison during winter. -Images often repainted -Pigments made from ground minerals (e.g., ochre,) mixed with fat -Outlines drawn with mineral chunks -Paint applied with fingers -Brushes were sticks with frayed animal hair at the ends -For large areas of color, the painter spit through a reed and mixed the saliva with pigment -Natural protrusions in the rock often used for background, etc. -Interpretation of paintings is very uncertain. Some archeologists and art historians have speculated that they had a religious or magical purpose. Maybe created as religious objects/offerings before the yearly hunt, which was very dangerous -Some paintings feature a negative hand print, perhaps a signature of the painter

Rhinoceros, wounded man, and bison Lascaux Caves, France 15,000 - 13,000 BCE (Paleolithic) -Important because it features visual narrative -Male figure in profile. A rare Paleolithic example of representation of males. -Face like a bird--wearing some kind of ritual mask, maybe -Bison wounded-intestines coming out. Wounded either by the warrior (who seems to be being trampled) or by the rhinoceros -Some kind of bird symbol staked to the ground? -Rhinoceros a successful representation. The rhinoceross obvious features, the buttocks and horns, make us realize what kind of animal it is Marching warriors Spain Around 7,000 BCE. (Neolithic) (Materials?) -Beards worn -Some clothes and headdresses depicted -They are recognizably men because of their muscular thighs -Representative of Neolithic period because during that period people are more frequently depicted than they were during the Paleolithic period -Bows and arrows -Hunt ibexes

Jericho Israel Begins around 8,000 BCE (Neolithic) -Considered earliest urban settlement -A population of 2,000 people -Covered around 10 acres -Fortified, with trenches dug around walls -A tower around 28 feet long and 38 feet wide. Has door with stairs. Used as lookout post

Decorated human skull Jericho, Israel (date?) Human skull with plaster (moustache) and eyes inlaid with glass, shells, etc. -This sort of thing only made for elite -Funerary portrait/ritual usage? Catal Hoyuk Anatolia 6,000 BCE -Early urban settlement -City had no streets; roof access

-The houses touched each other and formed a wall (though the town was not otherwise fortified) -Had around 3,000 shrines, which were more decorated than houses -Shrines included bull shrine (associated with masculine properties)--murals with bulls and a bench made from horns with a tray placed on it; Vulture shrine, from 5900s BCE.

Seated Goddess Catal Hoyuk, Anatolia 5,900s BCE (Materials?) 13 tall -Throne marks it as a goddess -Around this time, when people started cultivating the land in a sedentary way, the earth was often represented as a goddess-farming associated with fertility -The goddess is giving birth -Emphasis on reproductive features -Lion on the throne (lions represent feminine properties)

Landscape with erupting volcano Catal Hoyuk, Anatolia 5,900 BCE (Materials?) -Birds Eye View--Roofs prominent -The volcano is called Hasan Dag; it had two peaks and was important for the inhabitants of Catal Hoyuk because it provided the obsidian which created their wealth -Thanksgiving image? -Smokes-active volcano -Abstract rather than naturalistic

Stone henge Salisbury Plain, England 2700s-1300s BCE -Grave markers called dolmens -A grave sight with large megaliths on top (?) -Started out as a cemetery within a large community (?) -It functions also as a calendar -An altar -Circles of stones called cromlech -Post and lintel construction -Situated to create effects at solstices