Trade-offs in Climate Change Trade-offs in Climate Change Research at IRRIResearch at IRRI

Dr. Björn Ole SanderInternational Rice Research Institute

(funded by CCAFS Theme 3)(funded by CCAFS Theme 3)

Wageningen 19/2/13Wageningen 19/2/13

LUCCiLand Use and Climate Change interactions in Central Vietnam

MIRSAGHG Mitigation in Irrigated Rice

Systems: Guidelines for Measurem., Reporting, Verification

DANIDA projectImproving Rice Tolerance of Submergence

and Salinity in Vietnamese Deltas

SAMPLESMeasuring Mitigation Potential in

Smallholder Systems at Whole-farm and Landscape Scales

CLUES Climate Change affecting Land Use in the Mekong Delta: Adaptation of

Rice-based Cropping Systems

BAYERCollaboration on new Methodology for Clean Development Mechanism

HydroRiceTech Technologies for climate change mitigation and

adaptation in rice based cropping systems in E. India

ICONIntroducing non-flooded crops

into rice-dominated landscapes:Impact on Carbon, Nitrogen, Water

Alternate-Wetting- and-Drying (AWD)Alternate-Wetting- and-Drying (AWD)

• Safe AWD = Irrigate when water depth ~ -15 cmSafe AWD = Irrigate when water depth ~ -15 cm• Keep flooded until 15 DAT (weeds) and at floweringKeep flooded until 15 DAT (weeds) and at flowering

GHG Emission Reduction in Farmers’ Fields (Philippines)

CH4 emissions Tarlac

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90Days after Transplanting

mg

CH

4 / h

*m2

CF

AWD

GHG accounting

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

CF AWD

CO

2e

q (

t / h

a*s

ea

so

n)

N2O

CH4

Seasonal CHSeasonal CH44 emissions emissions

in Farmers’ Rice Fields 2012in Farmers’ Rice Fields 2012

“Global Warming Potential”of Tarlac Rice Fields

Sander et al., manuscript in preparationSander et al., manuscript in preparation

CH4 reduction – N2O increase

Jiao et al., 2006Jiao et al., 2006

Service Area : 26,791 ha. 23,708 Farmer Beneficiaries in 20 municipalities of 2 provinces

Angat Dam

Angat River Irrigation System / Bulacan province

Angat River

NMC

SMC

BustosDam

New version of CDM methodology for CH4 reduction

in rice productionDefault values for shifting from Default values for shifting from continuous flooding to intermitted flooding:continuous flooding to intermitted flooding: ““For regions/countries where double cropping For regions/countries where double cropping is practiced:is practiced:

(i) Use reduction of (i) Use reduction of 1.50 (kgCH1.50 (kgCH44/ha/day)/ha/day) for project activities for project activities

that shift to intermittent flooding (single aeration); that shift to intermittent flooding (single aeration);

(ii) Use reduction of (ii) Use reduction of 1.80 (kgCH1.80 (kgCH44/ha/day)/ha/day) for project activities for project activities

that shift to intermittent flooding (multiple aeration);” that shift to intermittent flooding (multiple aeration);”

Default values for shifting from Default values for shifting from continuous flooding to intermitted flooding:continuous flooding to intermitted flooding: ““For regions/countries where double cropping For regions/countries where double cropping is practiced:is practiced:

(i) Use reduction of (i) Use reduction of 1.50 (kgCH1.50 (kgCH44/ha/day)/ha/day) for project activities for project activities

that shift to intermittent flooding (single aeration); that shift to intermittent flooding (single aeration);

(ii) Use reduction of (ii) Use reduction of 1.80 (kgCH1.80 (kgCH44/ha/day)/ha/day) for project activities for project activities

that shift to intermittent flooding (multiple aeration);” that shift to intermittent flooding (multiple aeration);”

Summary

# samplings – accurate seasonal GHG estimation# samplings – accurate seasonal GHG estimation

CHCH44 reduction – N reduction – N22O increaseO increase

AWD: less snails – more ratsAWD: less snails – more rats

Water to Manila – water to farmers in BulacanWater to Manila – water to farmers in Bulacan

Scientific accuracy – bringing message acrossScientific accuracy – bringing message across (Scientific accuracy – having impact?)(Scientific accuracy – having impact?)