WORKSHOP PRESENTATION - GCHA - Biogas Technologies...
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PRESENTATIONON
BIOGAS TECHNOLOGIES WEST AFRICA LIMITED’S
INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT APPROACH OF ORGANIC MATTER COMPONENT
IN HEALTH CARE WASTE
www.biogasonline.com
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HEALTH CAREORGANIC WASTE GENERATION
TYPES, SOURCESAND
CHARACTERISTICS
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TYPES OF HEALTH CARE TYPES OF HEALTH CARE ORGANIC WASTE ORGANIC WASTE
SEWAGE
BIO-MEDICAL
KITCHEN ORGANICS
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SOURCES OF SEWAGE, BIOSOURCES OF SEWAGE, BIO--MEDICAL AND MEDICAL AND KITCHEN ORGANIC WASTE GENERATION IN KITCHEN ORGANIC WASTE GENERATION IN
HEALTH CARE INSTITUTIONSHEALTH CARE INSTITUTIONS
• SEWAGE – (O.P.D., BEDSTATE, INSTITUTIONAL STAFF,
VISITORS)
• BIO-MEDICAL– (PATHOLOGICAL/ORGANIC, HUMAN/ANIMAL
TISSUE, PLACENTA AND STILL BORNS)
• KITCHEN ORGANICS – (FOOD LEFTOVERS AND VEGETABLES)
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CURRENT HANDLING
AND DISPOSAL METHODS OF
SEWAGE, BIO-MEDICAL AND KITCHEN ORGANIC WASTE
IN HEALTH CARE
INSTITUTIONS IN GHANA
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SEWAGE HANDLINGSEPTIC TANK COLLECTION,
STORAGE AND IMPACTS
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Septic Tank Storage and Handling of Septic Tank Storage and Handling of Sewage (With Methane emission vent)Sewage (With Methane emission vent)
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Septic Tank Storage and Handling of Septic Tank Storage and Handling of Sewage (Without Methane emission vent Sewage (Without Methane emission vent
pipes)pipes)
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Effect of Delays in Cesspool Emptying Effect of Delays in Cesspool Emptying and Impermeable Soilsand Impermeable Soils
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Aerobic Handling SystemAerobic Handling System
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CHARACTERISTICS OF SEWAGECHARACTERISTICS OF SEWAGE• Inherent Health Hazards
BACTERIA TYPES IN SEWAGE
– Salmonella• Shigella• Polioviruses• Schistosoma Ova• Hookworm Ova• Ascaris Ova• Typhoid• Paratyphoid• Cholera• Dysentery Bacteria• Bilharzias
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FINAL DISPOSAL OF SEWAGEFINAL DISPOSAL OF SEWAGE
OFF-SITE DISPOSAL
– Water bodies (Rivers, Lakes, Lagoons, etc.)
– Sea – Stabilisation ponds
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Final Disposal of Sewage in Final Disposal of Sewage in Water Bodies: ImpactsWater Bodies: Impacts
• Degradation of water bodies• Discharge of pathogens• Reduce marine ecosystem
productivity• Odour Nuisance
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CURRENT HANDLING OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE AND
IMPACTS
BioBio--medical Wastemedical Waste(e.g. (e.g. (PATHOLOGICAL/ORGANIC, HUMAN/ANIMAL (PATHOLOGICAL/ORGANIC, HUMAN/ANIMAL
TISSUE, PLACENTA AND STILL BORNS)TISSUE, PLACENTA AND STILL BORNS)
MOSTMOST--OFTEN BURIED ON OFTEN BURIED ON PREMISESPREMISES
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CURRENT HANDLING OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE IMPACTS
Leads to Odour NuisanceLeads to Odour NuisancePossible RePossible Re--infection infection
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CURRENT HANDLING OF KITCHEN ORGANIC WASTE AND IMPACTS
Added to Municipal / Added to Municipal / Domestic WasteDomestic Waste
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CHARACTERISTICS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF KITCHEN ORGANIC WASTEKITCHEN ORGANIC WASTE
Inherent Health Hazards
DEVELOPS MAGGOTS AFTER DAYS WITHOUT
DISPOSAL
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Final Disposal of kitchen Final Disposal of kitchen Organic WasteOrganic Waste
Added to Municipal / Added to Municipal / Domestic WasteDomestic Waste
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Final Disposal of Kitchen Final Disposal of Kitchen Organic Waste: ImpactsOrganic Waste: Impacts
• Odour Nuisance
• Distribution of communicable Diseases
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THE BIOGASTECHNOLOGIES, WEST AFRICA LIMITED (BTWAL) /
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION SYSTEM (ADS)
SUSTAINABLE INTERGRATED APPROACH
WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
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BTWAL/ADS WASTE-TO-ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
• An integrated solid organic waste and Sewage Treatment Plant
• An anaerobic digestion system (ADS) with biogas generation
• Combines solid organic waste to increase biogas generation
• Sustainable by addressing
– sanitation,
– health and
– environmental impacts of septage and landfills
• Economical over time (income generation) from
– water recycle,
– use of treated effluent
– biogas gas utilization and use
– Avoidance of septic tanks installation cost
– Cesspool emptying and its impacts
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Components of BTWAL/ADS Components of BTWAL/ADS WasteWaste--toto--Energy PlantEnergy Plant
• The Bio-digester • Feed Receptacle for Kitchen
Organic Waste into Digester (s) • The Expansion Chambers• Filtration Beds• Treated Effluent storage• Biogas Recovery Balloon• Biogas end-use accessories
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THE TECHNOLOGYThe Digester (s)
BIOGAS DIGESTERS UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN A WATER LOGGED AREA
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A TYPICAL TWIN DIGESTER UNDER CONSTRUCTION
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A COMPLETED BIOGAS DIGESTER AND FILTRATION BED
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A COMPLETED BIOGAS DIGESTER
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Feed Receptacle for Kitchen Feed Receptacle for Kitchen Organic WasteOrganic Waste
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TYPICAL KITCHEN ORGANIC FOOD TYPICAL KITCHEN ORGANIC FOOD LEFTOVERS IN GHANALEFTOVERS IN GHANA
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The Filtration Beds
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A COMPLETED FILTRATION BEDS
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BY-PRODUCTS OF THE BTWAL/ADS PLANTS
BIOGAS
EFFLUENT SLURRY
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Biogas Capture and Storage
Biogas Collection Balloon 1
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Biogas Meters
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Typical Monthly biogas generation Typical Monthly biogas generation Metering Data,1995Metering Data,1995--2003`2003`
-- St DominicSt Dominic’’s Hospital Plant. s Hospital Plant. AkwatiaAkwatia, Ghana, Ghana
-
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000Li
ters
Bio
gas
Dec.94
Apr.95
Aug.95
Dec-95
Apr.96
Aug.96
Dec-96
Apr.97
Aug.97
Dec-97
Apr.98
Aug.98
Dec-98
Apr.99
Aug.99
Dec-99
Apr-00
Aug-00
Dec-00
Apr-01
Aug-01
Dec-01
Apr-02
Aug-02
Dec-02
Apr-03
Aug-03
PLANT NO 1 PLANT NO 2 PLANT NO 3 PLANT NO 4 PLANT NO 5
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Typical Annual biogas generation Typical Annual biogas generation Metering Data,1995Metering Data,1995--2003`2003`
-- St DominicSt Dominic’’s Hospital Plant. s Hospital Plant. AkwatiaAkwatia, Ghana, Ghana
-
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
100,000Li
ters
Bio
gas
Annual Biogas Generation, 1995-2003
PLANT NO 5 (Liters) 13,478 12,059 12,266 9,105 13,237 15,015 16,790 14,023 12,310
PLANT NO 4 (Liters) 18,175 19,224 18,393 23,903 25,920 31,387 20,726 15,845 12,866
PLANT NO 3 (Liters) 19,068 17,644 19,622 16,189 23,608 20,144 25,808 33,817 25,307
PLANT NO 2 (Liters) 15,335 12,303 15,709 12,814 15,155 17,119 17,262 15,155 8,255
PLANT NO 1 (Liters) 15,281 12,065 16,588 18,924 14,359 14,047 13,964 15,898 14,377
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
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Annual biogas generation and Equivalent in other fuel Annual biogas generation and Equivalent in other fuel types, 1995types, 1995--20032003
-- St DominicSt Dominic’’s Hospital Plant. s Hospital Plant. AkwatiaAkwatia, Ghana, Ghana
-
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Biogas Generation Equivalent to Other Fuel Types
TOTAL BIOGAS (m3/year) LPG Equivalent (kg/year) LPG Equivalent (Cylinders/year) Wood Fuel Equivalent Charcoal Equivalent
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Gas Filtration System (Hydrogen Sulphide)
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Biogas Utilization Equipment for Gas Combustion
STOVEREFRIDGERATORELECTRICITY GENERATOR
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COOKING EQUIPMENT – Biogas Stoves 1
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COOKING EQUIPMENT – Biogas Stove 2
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BIOGAS REFRIDGERATOR
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ABSORPTION DIFFUSION GAS REFRIDGERATOR
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BIOGAS ELECTRICITY GENERATOR
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THE TREATED EFFLUENT SLURRY
Nitrogen Rich Liquid Slurry (Fertilizer)
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THE TREATED EFFLUENT SLURRY FOR NON-CRITICAL
APPLICATION
W. C. FLUSHING
AFFORESTATION
LANDSCAPING
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THE TREATED EFFLUENT STORAGE FOR RE-USE IN TOILETS
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Alternative uses of Treated water for Alternative uses of Treated water for Woodlot Plantation IrrigationWoodlot Plantation Irrigation
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Alternative uses of Treated water Alternative uses of Treated water for landscapingfor landscaping
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THE DIRECT ECONOMIC BENEFITS
• Avoidance Cost of Constructing Septic Tank
• Water Savings (Cistern Methods)• Treated Effluent (water) Utilization
– Alternative Uses– Water use reduction– Treated Effluent for re-flushing
• Biogas Generation
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Community and Health Benefits
• Pathogen Destruction
• Sanitation and Health Benefits• Avoidance of odour nuisance from Septic
Emptying • Elimination of seasonal overflows of septic
tanks
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SURVIVAL TIME OF PATHOGENS IN BIOGAS PLANTS (ANAEROBIC DIGESTION)
100.04Bilharzia
100.011Dysentery Bacteria
100.08Cholera
100.010 daysPara yphoid
100.07Typhoid
98.036100.02Ascaris Ova
100.010100.01Hookworm Ova
100.07100.0HoursSchistosoma Ova
100.09--Poliviruses
100.05100.01Shigella
100.07100.01 – 2Salmonella
Rate (% )
Fatality Days
Rate (% )Fatality Days
MESOPHILIC FERMENTATION
55 – 37oC
THEMOPHILIC FERMENTATION
33 – 55oCBACTERIA
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c) Effluent Water Quality AnalysisSample Code: VALLEY VIEW UNIVERSITY Sample Size: 2 LitresSampling Date: 13/8/2004 Date of Report: 21/8/2004Sampling Time: 11.45 a.m. – 12.10 a.m.Date of Analysis: 13 – 18 /8/2004Source/Purpose: Valley View Effluent Quality Evaluation
<3oC above ambient6-91500--1000-5025050300501.0400100.1
34.67.157091.9 meters0.1401.946142149300.1016.91370.40.2
Temperature (oC)PHConductivity (µS/cm)DeptSalinity (%)Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l)Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l)Total Suspended Solids (mg/l)COD (mgO2/l)BOD (mgO2/l)Sulphate (mg/l)Nitrate-Nitrogen (mg/l)Iron (mg/l)Ammonium NitrogenTotal coliforms (MPN/100 ml)ZincLead
E.P.A. Guideline Values
Site 1:BIOGAS Effluent
Parameters
*Exceeds Environmental Protection Agency Effluent Quality GuidelinesSubmitted byMR. EMMANUEL APPOH (ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENTIST)E. P. A.