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Transcript of Workshop on The Future of Superheavy Element Research February 17 - 18, 2004 Gesellschaft f ü r...
![Page 1: Workshop on The Future of Superheavy Element Research February 17 - 18, 2004 Gesellschaft f ü r Schwerionenforschung Darmstadt, Germany.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022052915/5a4d1b0e7f8b9ab05998cddf/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Workshop onThe Future
ofSuperheavy Element Research
February 17 - 18, 2004
Gesellschaft für SchwerionenforschungDarmstadt, Germany
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116
115
114
113
112
111
DsMt
HsBh
SgDbRfLrNoMd
EsCf
Fm
One End of Nuclear Chart
162
152
SF+ or EC-
170
176
208Pb + 64Ni → 271Ds + n
209Bi + 64Ni → 272111 + n209Bi + 70Zn →
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RILAC Facility
18GHz ECR Ion Source
RFQ-Linac
CSM Acc. Tanks RILAC Acc. Tanks
GARIS
CSM Dec. Tank
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Moved from RRC to RILAC facility
Layout of the RI Beam Factory (RIBF)
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0 1 2(m)
D1 Q1 Q2 D2
Heガス導入差動排気システム入射ビーム
回転式標的
弾性散乱によるビーム強度モニター 半導体検出器 (真空領域)
マイラフォイル入射ビームの軌道ビームストッパー( Ta)
目的とするイオンの軌道
Gas-filled recoil separator (気体充填型反跳分離装置)Heガスの領域
RIKEN
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MCP1MCP2
SSD box
PSD
ions
Focal Plane Detectors
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New Rotating Target = 300 mm, = 2000 rpmcf. old one = 125 mm, = 1000 rpm
Tested with 1pA 86Kr beam
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20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
45 10 15 20 25 30
(v/v0)Z1/3
q eq
Bohr’s
theo
rem
208Pb
209Bi
169Tm
208Pb
209Bi
198At
192Bi
265Hs
209Bi
208Pb
212Ac
234Bk
245Fm
255Lr254No
204Fr
203Fr
271110272111
v0: Bohr velocity
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system E B E B E B
MeV Tm MeV Tm MeV Tm
208Pb + 58Fe 281 0.1020
0.708
191.6
0.0445 1.55 61.2
7 0.0222 2.05
208Pb + 64Ni 309 0.1018
0.724
222.4
0.0479 1.52 72.7
1 0.0240 2.08
208Pb + 70Zn 345 0.1029
0.746
260.0
0.0518 1.49 86.8
7 0.0259 2.11
projectile target recoil compound nucleus
Ep/Ecn Er/Ecn p/cn r/cn Bp/Bcn Br/Bcn
4.586 3.128 4.586 2.000 0.346 0.759 4.250 3.059 4.250 2.000 0.348 0.732 3.971 2.993 3.971 2.000 0.354 0.707
energy separator velocity separator gas-filled separator
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272110271110
267Hs
263Sg
259Rf
255No
251Fm
255Md
1
2
3
4
5
208Pb + 64Ni → 271Ds + n
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11
1110
10
10
9
9
9
9
98
8
8
7
1
2
3
4
5
11
11
1110
8
8
E (MeV)
5
0
5
0
5
0
5
0
5
0
Cou
nts/
100k
eV
1
2
3
4
5
Tdecay
Cou
nts/
bin 0
1000s10s0.1s1ms
5
05 1000s10s0.1s1ms
1000s10s0.1s1ms
1000s10s0.1s1ms
1000s10s0.1s1ms
5
0
5
0
5
0
10s
a b
=2.9ms =120ms
=77ms
=1.0s
=3.7s
=220s
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Nuclei nRIKEN nGSI T1/2
271110 11 11 1.63+0.44-0.29
ms improved
271m110 3 2 69+56-21
ms confirmed
267Hs 12 13 52+13- 8
ms improved
267mHs 1 0 0.80+3.8-0.38
s possible
Eopt(64Ni) = 314 MeV
Eopt(cm) = 240 MeV
Summary of 208Pb + 64Ni → 271110 + n reaction
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273111272111
268Mt
264Bh
260Db
256Lr
252Md
256No
1 (14)
2 (14)
3 (12)
4 (11)
5
5
SF (2)
SF (1)
209Bi + 64Ni → 272111 + n
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273111272111
268Mt
264Bh
260Db
256Lr
252Md
256No
1 (14)
2 (14)
3 (12)
4 (11)
5
5
260Rf
264Sg
SF (2)
SF (1)
possibility not excluded experimentally
209Bi + 64Ni → 272111 + n
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0
5
0
5
0
5
0
5
0
5
Cou
nts
/ bin 0
5
0
5
0
5
Cou
nts
/ 100
keV
E α / MeV
0
5
8 9 10 11 120
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
10000s100s1s10ms100s
Tdecay
254Md ← 256Lr ← 260Db ← 264Bh ← 268Mt ← 272111
=5.5ms
=30ms
=1.3s
=8.2s
=26s
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RIKEN GSI
Nuclei n T1/2E Efiss. n T1/2
EMeVMeV
272111 14 3.8+1.4- 0.8 ms 10.2~11.56 6 1.6
+1.1-0.5 ms 10.8~11.05
268Mt 14 21+8- 5 ms 9.4~10.77 6 42
+29-12 ms 10.1~10.3
264Bh 14 0.89+0.31- 0.19 s 8.86~9.83
208206
6 1.0+0.7-0.3 s 9.1~9.6
260Db 12 5.7+2.3- 1.3 s 8.35~9.4 231 6 2.6
+1.8-0.8 s 9.1~9.2
256Lr 8 18+10- 5 s 8.35~8.65 4 33
+27-10 s 8.4~8.5
Eopt(64Ni) = 319 MeV
Eopt(cm) = 244 MeV
Summary of 209Bi + 64Ni → 272111 + n reaction
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period 9/5/2003 ~ 12/29/2003Beam Energy 5.03 AMeV
348 MeV at target half depth
Total Dose 1.21x1019
Target Thickness 1.37x1018 /cm2 (0.48 mg/cm2)_GARIS 0.8 (assumption)(1-ev.) 7.5x10-38 cm2
upper limit (1) 1.38x10-37 cm2
Irradiation time 1390 Hours (58 Days / 74 Days)Beam Intensity 2.42x1012 /s (0.4 p-A)
Summary of 209Bi + 70Zn experiment
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100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114
Atomic Number
1b
1nb
10nb
100nb
100pb
10pb
1pb
0.1pb
208Pb,209Bi(HI,1n) reaction
present work
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0.0E+00
2.0E+18
4.0E+18
6.0E+18
8.0E+18
1.0E+19
1.2E+19
1.4E+19
9/ 5 9/ 19 10/ 3 10/ 17 10/ 31 11/ 14 11/ 28 12/ 12 12/ 26
0.0E+00
1.0E+122.0E+12
3.0E+124.0E+12
5.0E+12
9/ 5 9/ 19 10/ 3 10/ 17 10/ 31 11/ 14 11/ 28 12/ 12 12/ 26Date
Dose
/sec
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Z
Ecm( Me
V)Ex (MeV)
KUTY Møller My & Sw
110 240.1 13.2 17.4 16.0 111 244.2 14.1 18.0 16.4
112
113 261.1 12.5 15.5 13.8
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Z
Ecm( Me
V)Ex (MeV) Ecm – E2nd_fission ( MeV)
KUTY Møller My & Sw KUTY Møller My & Sw
110 240.1 13.2 17.4 16.0 -0.1 2.9 1.4111 244.2 14.1 18.0 16.4 0.7 3.6 1.9
112
113 261.1 12.5 15.5 13.8 -0.5 2.5 0.7
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K. Morimoto RIKEND. Kaji CNSH. Haba RIKENE. Ideguchi RIKENR. Kanumgo RIKENK. Katori RIKENH. Koura RIKENT. Ohnishi RIKENA. Ozawa RIKENT. Suda RIKENI. Tanihata RIKENA. Yoneda RIKENA. Yoshida RIKEN
H. Kudo Niigata U.K. Sueki Univ. of TsukubaF. Tokanai Yamagata U.H. Xu IMP LanzhouY.-L. Zhao IHEP BeijingT. Zeng Peking U.A. V. Yeremin FLNR JINRJ. Peter Caen/GANIL
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February 17, 2004FEST COLLOQUIUM : On the Occasion of Sigurd Hofmann’s 60th BirthdayWhat Do We Know about SHE - Expectations and Reality Yuri Oganess
ian
February 18, 2004Chair: Gottfried Münzenberg Welcome Walter Henni
ng
Theory of Superheavy Nuclei: Old and New - Open Problems Walter Greiner
Chemistry of Spherical Superheavy Elements - The Road to Success Heinz Gäggeler
Superheavy Element Research at Berkeley Ken Gregorich
Possibilities of the RF Nuclear Center Arzamas-16´ in Producing Pure Actinide Isotopes for Science and Applications Stanislav Ves
novskiiIn Beam Studies of SHE at High Beam Intensities Matti Leino
Superheavy-Element Experiments at RIKEN Kosuke Morita
Studies of SHE at GANIL Christelle Stodel
Heavy Element Research at IMP Lanzhou Wenlong Zhan
Heavy Element Research with Laser Spectroscopy and Buffer Gas Traps Hartmut Backe
Efficient Production of Intensive Beams of Rare Isotopes Georgy Gulbekian
Steps towards an Optimized Linac for SHE Production at GSI Ulrich Ratzinger
Studies of SHE at High Beam Intensities Sigurd Hofmann
Closing Remarks Walter Henning
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GSI SHIP
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JINR/FLNR DUBNAGas-Filled Separator
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JINR/FLNR DUBNA
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LBNL BGS
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GANIL LISE (Wien Filter)
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Equilibrium charge state
456789
101112131415161718192021
5 10 15 20 25 30
(v/ v0)Z1/ 3
q eq
Z=110に対する計算値
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468
101214161820
5 10 15 20 25 30
Exp.Cal.BohrEmp.
(v/v0)Z1/3
q eq
2004年 1月 9日於京都大学理学部物理学第二教室
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PbBi
PoAtRn
FrRa
AcTh
PaU
NpPu
AmCmBk
CfEsFm
MdNo
LrRfDb
SgBh
HsMt
110111 112
113
169Tm(40Ar,5n)204Fr169Tm(40Ar,6n)203Fr169Tm(48Ca,5n)212Ac208Pb(40Ar,3n)245Fm208Pb(48Ca,2n)254No209Bi(48Ca,2n)255Lr
140Ce(58Fe,p5n)192Bi140Ce(64Ni,p5n)198At208Pb(58Fe,n)265Hs208Pb(64Ni,n)271110209Bi(64Ni,n)272111
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0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5v/v0
Tran
smis
sion
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Experimental conditions
Beam 64Ni 0.4 ~ 1 pATotal dose 4.0 x 1018
Target 208Pb 190 ~ 250 g/cm2 (98% enriched) evaporated on 30 g/cm2 Ccovered by 10 g/cm2 C
B (GARIS) 2.05 Tm
P (GARIS) 75 Pa
Counting rate 10 ~ 20 cps
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Summary of the measurement in year 2002.
208Pb(64Ni,n)271110 reaction
date days Ein Dose (1018)
numberof events
Tav
(g/cm2)
(pb)
12.07- 25.07 14 310 1.0 1 230 1.8 +4.1 -1.5
25.07- 01.08 8 313 0.6 3 250 9.0 +8.1 -5.1
19.09- 22.09 4 313 0.4 1 190 6.4 +15 -5.3
24.09- 28.09 5 316 0.9 7 220 16 +8.3 -6
28.09- 01.10 4 320 0.4 0 210 < 9.0
09.11- 11.11 3 320 0.6 0 210 < 6.4
11.11- 12.11 2 316 0.2 2 230 19 +26 -13
Ein :energy from the accelerator. Tav: average target thickness
Total 40 4.0 14
2004年 1月 9日於京都大学理学部物理学第二教室
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12345
7 8 9 10 11E (MeV)
1
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-4
10
102
103
10-5
T dec
ay (s
)
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(p
b)
E(64Ni) /MeV
RIKEN
GSI
208Pb + 64Ni → 271110 + n
statistical (1)
errors
energy loss in the target
05
10152025303540
300 305 310 315 320 325
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1 271110 2 267Hs 3 263Sg 4 259Rf 5 255No
Ep T E T E T E T E T E
# MeV ms MeV ms MeV ms MeV s MeV s MeV
1 Ju 310 7.54 9.91 b 40.19 9.83 a 2.56 9.16 b 13.82 8.78 a 411.2 8.78 b
2 Ju 313 2.20 10.73 a 68.40 9.82 a 17.6 8.56 b 3.13 8.87 a 394.7 8.87 a
3 Ju 313 46.0 10.44 a 1158.6 9.73 a 5998.9 9.31 a
4 Ju 313 87.1 10.33 a
5 Sp 316 4.63 10.73 b 172.3 9.82 b 675.0 9.13 a 3.62 8.89 a 0.82 8.89 a
6 Sp 316 238.7 10.71 a 65.98 9.86 b 48.65 9.09 b 2.71 8.76 b 58.4 8.76 a
7 Sp 316 1.74 10.47 b 159.4 9.97 b 718.7 9.04 a 0.43 8.87 b 241.5 8.87 a
8 Sp 316 1.36 10.48 b 11.72 9.82 a 404.0 9.15 b 1.16 8.88 a 167.2 8.88 b
9 Sp 316 1.31 10.51 b 58.96 9.83 b 959.0 8.83 a 2.14 8.42 a
10 Sp 316 0.057 10.73 a 147.4 9.83 a 1322.5 9.19 b 9.14 8.90 a
11 Sp 316 3.59 10.63 a 18.00 9.68 b 430.0 9.23 a 0.63 8.94 b 296.9 8.94 b
12 Sp 316 3.80 10.65 b 39.38 9.89 a 650.3 9.30 b 0.41 8.86 a
13 No 316 1.69 10.70 a 101.68 9.90 b 385.9 9.23 a
14 No 316 0.92 10.69 a 46.53 9.91 a 1751.0 9.30 b 3.44 5.94 b
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Experimental conditions
Beam 64Ni 0.7 ~ 1.8 pATotal dose 1.30 x 1019
Target 209Bi 210 ~ 310 g/cm2 evaporated on 30 g/cm2 Ccovered by 10 g/cm2 C
B (GARIS) 2.05 Tm
P (GARIS) 75 Pa
Counting rate 2 ~ 10 cps
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Summary of the measurement in year 2003.
209Bi(64Ni,n)272111 reaction
date days EinDose (1018) n
Tav
(g/cm2)
(pb)
12.02- 25.02 14 323 3.2 3 310 1.4 +1.2- 0.8
26.02- 28.02 3 323 1.0 2 270 3.2 +4.3- 2.1
07.04- 19.05 13 323 2.5 4 290 2.4 +1.8- 1.2
23.04- 30.04 8 326 2.5 0 300 < 1.1
30.04- 08.05 8 320 2.0 3 250 2.6 +2.3- 1.5
09.05- 12.05 4 323 1.5 2 280 2.1 +2.7- 1.3
Ein :energy from the accelerator. Tav: average target thickness
Total 50 12.6 14
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CN272111
268Mt
256Lr
260Db
264Bh
252Md
17-Feb-2003
4.4 ms11.04 MeV (PSD)
13.0 ms10.68 MeV (PSD)
1.45 s9.60 MeV (PSD)
10.88 s9.05 MeV (PSD)
21.9 s8.37 MeV (PSD)
Eproj=323MeV
CN272111
268Mt
256Lr
260Db
264Bh
252Md
17-Feb-2003
11.0 ms11.08 MeV (PSD+SSD)
9.2 ms10.36 MeV (PSD)
1.38 s9.81 MeV (PSD+SSD)
1.93 s9.17 MeV (PSD+SSD)
11.9 s8.39 MeV (PSD+SSD)
14.9 ms11.56 MeV (PSD+SSD)
CN272111
268Mt
256Lr
260Db
264Bh
252Md20-Feb-2003
122 ms1.12 MeV (PSD) escape
21.8 ms9.85 MeV (PSD)
0.51 s9.34 MeV (PSD)
33.5 s8.65 MeV (PSD)
209Bi(64Ni,n)272111
1st
2nd 3rd
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CN272111
268Mt
260Db
264Bh
26-Feb-2003
7.11 ms10.82 MeV (PSD+SSD)
0.715 ms10.28 MeV (PSD)
0.54 s9.57 MeV (PSD)
1.71 s231 MeV (PSD+SSD)
Eproj=323MeV
CN272111
268Mt
256Lr
260Db
264Bh
26-Feb-2003
1.42 ms11.25 MeV (PSD)
36.6 ms10.43 MeV (PSD+SSD)
1.87 s9.66 MeV (PSD+SSD)
1.52 s9.40 MeV (PSD)
2.82 ms11.31 MeV (LG)
CN272111
268Mt
256Lr
260Db
264Bh
8-Apr-2003
44 ms10.78 MeV (PSD+SSD)
0.44 s9.58 MeV (PSD)
48.46 s8.81 MeV (PSD)
209Bi(64Ni,n)272111
S.F.
6th5th
4th
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CN272111
268Mt
264Bh
15-Apr-2003
8.89 ms10.96 MeV (PSD+SSD)
26.18 ms2.76 MeV (PSD)esc
0.97 s208 MeV (PSD)
Eproj=323MeV
CN272111
268Mt
256Lr
260Db
264Bh
252Md
14-Apr-2003
1.17 ms10.58 MeV (LG)
38.33 ms10.35 MeV (PSD)
3.6 ms9.31 MeV (PSD)
4.87 s9.01 MeV (PSD)
45.84 s8.50 MeV (PSD)
5.11 ms11.06 MeV (PSD)
CN272111
268Mt
256Lr
260Db
264Bh
252Md16-Apr-2003
19.1 ms10.43 MeV (PSD)
1.34 s9.50 MeV (PSD)
3.69 s9.10 MeV (PSD)
7.87 s8.41 MeV (PSD)
209Bi(64Ni,n)272111
S.F.
9th
8th
7th
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CN272111
268Mt
256Lr
260Db
264Bh
5-May-2003
0.77 ms10.85 MeV (PSD+SSD)
32.4 ms10.34 MeV (PSD)
1.91 s8.87 MeV (PSD+SSD)
21.04 s8.503 MeV (PSD)
Eproj=320MeV
30-Apr-2003
6.92 ms11.00 MeV (PSD+SSD)
CN272111
268Mt
256Lr
260Db
264Bh
252Md5-May-2003
35.5 ms10.58 MeV (PSD)
1.0 s9.85 MeV (PSD)
1.14 s9.14 MeV (PSD)
38.62 s8.47 MeV (PSD+SSD)
209Bi(64Ni,n)272111
CN272111
268Mt
264Bh
1.0 ms10.21 MeV (PSD)
8.8 ms10.03 MeV (PSD+SSD)
4.93 s206 MeV (PSD+SSD)
S.F.
12th11th
10th
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CN272111
268Mt
256Lr
260Db
264Bh
252Md
12-May-2003
4.5 ms11.08 MeV (PSD+SSD)
3.35 ms10.28 MeV (PSD)
0.81 s9.63 MeV (PSD)
2.42s9.131 MeV (PSD+SSD)
6.85 s8.63 MeV (PSD)
Eproj=323MeV 8-May-2003
CN272111
268Mt
256Lr
260Db
264Bh
6.84 ms11.01 MeV (PSD+SSD)
37.2 ms9.40 MeV (PSD)
1.23 s9.56 MeV (PSD+SSD)
0.33 s8.29MeV (PSD+SSD)
209Bi(64Ni,n)272111
14th
13th
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272111 excitation fnction
- 1.00.01.02.03.04.05.06.07.0
305.0 310.0 315.0 320.0 325.0 330.0Elab (MeV)
(pb)
GSIRIKEN
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1
2
3
4
5
8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0
1
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-4
10
102T d
ecay
(s)
E (MeV)
254Md ← 256Lr ← 260Db ← 264Bh ← 268Mt ← 272111
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main062 strip #10
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 50 100 150TOF (ns)
Elg
(MeV
)
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272110* 273111*
CN Q-value Exopt. CN Q-value Exopt.
MeV MeV MeV MeV
KUTY -227.0 13 -230.1 13.9
Møller 95 -222.7 17.3 -226.2 17.8
My. & Sw. 96 -224.1 15.9 -227.8 16.2
Optimum excitation energies for 1n evaporation channel
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213 F
r 6.7
75 M
eV 4
p tr
ansf
er
211 P
o 7.
450
MeV
pn
tran
sfer
211m
Po 7
.275
MeV
pn
tran
sfer
212 A
t 7.6
79 M
eV 2
pn tr
ansf
er
212m
At 7
.837
,7.8
97 M
eV 2
pn tr
ansf
er21
3 Rn
8.08
8 M
eV 3
pn tr
ansf
er
214 F
r 8.4
26 M
eV 4
pn tr
ansf
er21
4mFr
8.5
46, 8
.478
MeV
4pn
tran
sfer
199 A
t 6.6
43 M
eV p
4n e
vap.
196 P
o 6.
520
MeV
4n
eva
p.
197 P
o 6.
281
MeV
3n
eva
p.19
8 Po
6.18
2 M
eV
199 P
o 6.
058
MeV
200 P
o 5.
862
MeV
197m
Po 6
.383
MeV
5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.5E (MeV)
400
300
200
100
0
Cou
nts/
10ke
V
140Ce + 64Ni evaporation residues 209Bi + 64Ni transfer products
209Bi Nat.Ce
64Nito GARIS
system check &energy calibration
RARF_PAC 02Jul2003