Workshop Evaporative Presentation 11-13-02 Final

8/6/2019 Workshop Evaporative Presentation 11-13-02 Final

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Mobile Source Control Division November 13, 2002Planning and Technical SupportMonitoring and Laboratory DivisionCalifornia Air Resources Board

Proposed Control Measure to Reduce Emissions

from Small Off-Road Engines(SORE

)


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Major Components of the Evaporative Portion ofthe Proposed SORE Control Measure

Sets diurnal evaporative emission standards forequipment with engine displacements greater 65 cc

Sets a fuel tank permeation standard applicable toall SORE categories

Requires manufactures to label and certify

equipment sold in California


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Regulatory Approach

Use available technology to reduce emissions

Set attainable and cost effective emissionstandards

Limit burden on industry by: Providing either a performance or a design-based

certification option Allowing a phased-in implementation schedule


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Permeation Technology

Multi layered co-extruded (Coex) plastic fuel tanks

HDPE fuel tanks made with Selar RB-425

Post fabrication fluorination ofHDPE fuel tanks Post fabrication sulfonation ofHDPE fuel tanks

Metal fuel tanks

Fuel connectors made from acetal copolymers and

other low permeation thermoplastics Fluoroelastomer seals, diaphragms and gaskets


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Barrier Treatment Permeation ComparisonSelar RB-425 vs. Fluorination and Co-ex with EVOH

9.00

7.00

0.15 0.50 0.15 0.60 0.10 0.40

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

grams/tank/da

y

HDPE RB-425 F2 CO-EX

Haltermann

15M + 5E

Permeability of fuel tanks containing with 7% Selar and 30% regrind

using a 65 - 105 -65 F diurnal profile.

Average values for Fluorination (F2) and co-ex with EVOH.


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0.12 0.353.00

65.00

26.00

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

g-mm/m

2-

day

PPS POM PBT HDPE Nylon

Fuel CE10 @ 40 C

Polymer Permeation Comparison

Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS), Acetal Copolymer (POM)

Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT)


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0.3 0.42.2 3.6

56.45

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

g-mm/m

2-

day

Zytel 450 Zytel 70G33 Zytel 103 Zytel ST801 HDPE

Fuel CE10 @ 40 C

Nylon Permeation Comparison

Dupont ZytelNylon Products


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Evaporative Emission Control Technology

Passively actuated valves that control vapors

Carbon canisters systems that absorb tank vapors

Pleated carbon air filters capable of absorbingcarburetor vapors

Hybrid systems that vent tank vapors to a canister

above a fixed pressure

Collapsible fuel bladders


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Venting Control Technology Demonstration

Tested three pairs of walk-behind lawn mowers

ARB built and tested prototype controls with the

following technology: Engine-brake actuated valves that isolate tank vapors during

storage

Fluorinated HDPE fuel tanks

Low permeation fuel lines


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Modified Snapper Mower


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Modified Honda Mower


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Venting Technology Demonstration DataLawn Mower Evaporative Emission Reduction Data

(24-Hour Diurnal Fuel Comparison)

2.969

3.374 3.414

2.963

3.777

1.2511.356

0.782

3.149

0.809 0.814

0.861

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

B&S #1 B&S #2 Tecumseh #1 Tecumseh #2 Honda #1 Honda #2

GramsHC

Baseline MTBE Baseline Ethanol Modified MTBE Modified Ethanol

ProposedStandard


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Canister Control Technology Modeling

Calculated emissions from a 670 cc canister with a

working capacity of 36 grams

Modeled canister performance as if it were attached to a5 gallon fuel tank filled to 50% capacity

Assumed a test fuel with a RVP of 7 PSI

Simulated canister performance over 50 diurnal

temperature profiles (65 - 105 - 65F)

Worst case long term efficiency determined to be 47%


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Canister Modeling Data

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

0 2 4 6 810

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

Da

ra

sH

a k issi s Abs rb d b a is r ackp rg a is r issi s

r

p

s

d >225

cc2.0 gra

S

adard

7 Da

Desig

Cri

eria


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Estimated Canister Efficiency

97%

50.6%

47.4%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 2 4 6 810

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

Da

Efficiency

%

Ca is er Efficienc


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Proposed Evaporative Standards

1.0 gram HC/day diurnal standard for equipment with

engines > 65 cc < 225 cc

2.0 gram HC/day diurnal standard for equipment with

engines > 225 cc

1.0 gram/meter

2

/day fuel tank permeation standard forall SORE equipment fuel tanks


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Test Procedures

Staff is reviewing recently adopted U.S. EPA permeation

and diurnal emissions test procedures

TP-901, Test Procedure for Determining

Fuel TankPermeation Rates Using Gravimetric Analysis:

currently considering a gravimetric test procedure

TP-902, Test Procedure for Determining Diurnal

Evaporative Emissions from Small Off-Road Engines

is intended for performance-based certification

Requesting comment on alternative test procedures


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In-Use Durability Test

Staff is developing a test procedure that duplicates the

cycles of use of systems/components

Test procedure currently assumes 7 year useful life

Accelerated aging would simulate usage and consider

hour of operation

Staff is currently seeking comment on durability test

procedures


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Certification Options

Certify equipment to performance standards (CP-901 Part I)

Certify equipment to design standards (CP-901 Part II)

Certify control components/systems (CP-901 Part III)

Fuel tank permeation (CP-901 Appendix A)

Venting control (CP-901 Appendix B)

Fuel hose permeation (CP-901 Appendix C)


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Performance-Based Certification Overview

OEM Submits

Cover Letter and

Certification

Application

per CP-901

ARB Accepts

Certification

Application

ARB Reviews Test

Data and Performs

Engineering

Evaluation

ARB Reviews

Application

ARB Rejects

Certification

Application &

Notifies OEM

Meets

Performance

Standards?

ARB Denies

Certification and

Notifies OEM

ARB Prepares

Certification

Summary, Issues

Executive Order

and Notifies OEM

Deficient Complete

No Yes

OEM SubmitsLetter of Intent

per CP-901

Performance

Standards or

Optional

Performance

Standards

Reference


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Performance-Based Certification Requirements

Group equipment models into evaporative families

Measure emissions for the highest emitting equipmentwithin the evaporative family

Submit an evaporative emissions label for ARB approval

Submit a certification application that includes:

Performance-based certification summary sheet

Certification Database Form


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Performance-Based Testing Requirements

Performance-based certification requires gravimetric

testing (all SORE tanks) and SHED testing for engines

> 65 cc

Select a model in the evaporative family that is expected to

exhibit worst-case emissions

Conduct emission testing per applicable test procedure

TP-901 or TP-902

Results must not exceed applicable standard


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Design-Based Certification Overview

ARBAccept

ARB

l

tes

LOC

ARBReviews

LOC

ARBRejectsLOC

&

!

tifiesOEM

Approved

Components?

ARB"

eniesCertificationand

NotifiesOEM

ARB#

tampsApprovedon

LOCandNotifies

OEM

Deficient Complete

No Yes

OEM#

$

mitsLetterof Intent

perCP-901

OEM#

$

mits

Letterof

Compliance (LOC)perCP-901

List ofApproved

Fuel%

ankDesi&

ns

perCP901

Appendi'

A

ExecutiveOrder

List ofApproved

Component

Desi&

nsperCP

901AppendixB

ExecutiveOrder

List ofApproved

Fuel LineDesi&

ns

perCP901AppendixC

ExecutiveOrder

Reference


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Design-Based Certification Requirements

Select approved emission control equipment

Group equipment into evaporative families

Submit an evaporative emissions label for ARB approval

Submit a letter of compliance that includes: Design-based certification summary sheet

Certification database form


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Design-Based Certification SummarySheet Requirements

Certification Summary must specifically reference:

Executive Order number from CP-910 Appendix A that

approves the fuel tank permeation control

Executive Order number from CP-901 Appendix B that

approves the system used to control vapors generated by

the fuel tank

Executive Order number from CP-901 Appendix C that

approves the low permeation fuel line


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Design-Based Equipment Requirements

Control equipment must include:

Fuel tank permeation control

System to control vapors generated by the fuel tank

Self-locking, tethered fuel cap

Low permeation fuel line that meets SAE J30 R11, J30

R12A, or J2260 category one specifications


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Control System Certification Overview

ARBAccepts

Application

ARBPerfor(

s

Engineering

Evaluationand

Reviews)

est Data

ARB Reviews

Application

ARBRejectsApplication

& Notifies0

anf.

)

echnology

Certified

ARB Denies

Certificationand

Notifies0

anf.

ARB Certifies)

echnology with

Conditions and

Issues Executive

Order

Deficient Co(

plete

No Yes

0

anufacturer1

ub(

itsApplication for

Certification with)

est Data

Applicable Design2

riteria in

Appendixes A, B,

or C

)

est Data2

o(

pared to

Applicable

Perfor(

ance

Standards

Durability Data

Docu(

ents noSignificant Increase

inE(

issions

Reference2

riteria


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Control System Certification Process

Submit a certification application containing:

cover letter with test data

engineering description of control system

durability demonstration

statement of materials compatibility with fuels

any maintenance requirements

warranty

System will undergo an engineering evaluation that mayinclude:

evaluation of system concept

bench testing of components

failure mode testing


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Contacts and Additional Information

Evaporative Emissions InformationJames Watson (916) 327-1282 [email protected] Bloudoff (916) 323-1169 [email protected] (916) 322-2444

Emissions Inventory Information

WalterWong (626) 450-6184 [email protected] Agrawal (626) 450-6136 [email protected] Carlock (626) 575-6608 [email protected]

SORE Web Page URLhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/offroad/sore/sore.htm

Workshop Evaporative Presentation 11-13-02 Final

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