Workshop 3 Innovative breeding approaches for organic ...
Transcript of Workshop 3 Innovative breeding approaches for organic ...
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grantagreement No 727230 and by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contractnumber 17.00090. The information contained in this communication only reflects the author’s view. Neither the Research
Executive Agency nor SERI is responsible for any use that may be made of the information provided.
Workshop 3 Innovative breeding approaches
for organic agriculture24 November 2020Time: 11.10-12.10h
Edwin Nuijten - moderator
Persons involved
• Edwin Nuijten – moderator
• Matteo Petitti – chat box moderator
• Veronique Chable - reporter
• Speakers:
o Edith Lammerts van Bueren - Systems based breeding
o Pedro Mendes Moreira - Breeding for diversity
o Adrian Rodriguez Burruezo - Breeding networks
• 1 Provide inspiring guiding principles to breed for resilience and quality improvement in OA;
• 2 Develop/optimize breeding designs/ selection tools for more diverse and resilient cropping systems (annual/perennial crops/agroforestry);
• 3 Exploring the importance of the plant-plant and plant-microbiome interface with the holobiont as selection target;
• 4 Establish crop specific breeding and knowledgenetworks to close major breeding gaps.
Co
ncep
tsR
esearch
Practice
LIVESEED Work Package 3 on organic breeding4 objectives (4 tasks):
from trait to system-based strategies
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grantagreement No 727230 and by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contractnumber 17.00090. The information contained in this communication only reflects the author’s view. Neither the Research
Executive Agency nor SERI is responsible for any use that may be made of the information provided.
Systems based breeding concept
Edith Lammerts van Bueren
Wageningen University
The Netherlands
To provide inspiring guiding principles to breed for resilience and quality improvement in Organic Agriculture
Scientific article on the concept on systems-based breeding:
Lammerts van Bueren et al. Towards resilience throughsystems-based plant breeding. A review.
In: Agronomy for Sustainable Development (2018, Open Access)
Report on ‘Innovative organic breeding concepts: challenges and example (Sept 2020, LIVESEED)
Report on the workshop ‘Organic plant breeding in a systems‐based approach and integration of organic plant breeding in value chain partnerships’ (2019, LIVESEED)
Report on Solutions, obstacles and examples -workshop in Witzenhausen (2018, LIVESEED)
Roles and positioning of breeding and seed systems within their economic, scientific, institutional and cultural
environment (Fig. 3, Lammerts van Bueren et al. 2018)
Lammerts van Bueren et al. 2018. Towards resilience through systems-basedplant breeding. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development.
Systems-based breeding:six goals for ecological and social resilience
Example 1:Required change in attitude
Three key-elements:1. Corporate Social
Responsibility
2. Circular Economy & True Cost accounting
3. Fair & Green Policy
In 2017, in NL full commitment of all supermarkets achieved tosell only resistant cultivars for organic potato by 2020
Example 2:Required change in attitude
Three key-elements:1. Corporate Social
Responsibility
2. Circular Economy & True Cost accounting
3. Fair & Green Policy
(1) EU experiment (2014-2021) to allow heterogeneous materialto be described and marketed
Composite cross populations versus pure line varieties
(2) Allowing changes in official Variety testing protocols (VCU)(3) New Organic Regulation
Example 3:From attitude to action
Three key-elements form attitude to action:
1. Knowledge Development & Integration
2. Breeding strategies & Tools
3. EntrepreneurshipOrganic farmer breederFrank Morton Oregon-USA
10% turn over of Frank’s free varieties
Deliverable 3.10: Solutions, obstacles and examples mentioned at the workshop in Witzenhausen 2018
• Most-mentioned Obstacles: – law and regulations
– short term profit
– long term funding
• Most-mentioned Solutions
– collaboration in breeding,
– market reorganization
– knowledge sharing
• Together they describe a common idea for organisingbreeding in a different way, with more collaboration of the value chain
M3.5: Organic plant breeding in a systems‐based approach and integration of organic plant breeding in
value chain partnerships
• Main questions:– Why should different value chain actors support organic plant
breeding?
– The advantage of organic plant breeding for value chain (farmer, processors, traders)
– The advantage of organic plant breeding for consumers and society (local and global)
• Tailor-made approaches are needed
– Needs to include approaches for: knowledge exchange, communication, marketing, education, etc
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grantagreement No 727230 and by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contractnumber 17.00090. The information contained in this communication only reflects the author’s view. Neither the Research
Executive Agency nor SERI is responsible for any use that may be made of the information provided.
Breeding for diversity
Pedro Mendes Moreira
Polytechnic of Coimbra, Portugal
• 1 Provide inspiring guiding principles to breed for resilience and quality improvement in OA;
• 2 Develop/optimize breeding designs/ selection tools for more diverse and resilient cropping systems (annual/perennial crops/agroforestry);
• 3 Exploring the importance of the plant-plant and plant-microbiome interface with the holobiont as selection target;
• 4 Establish crop specific breeding and knowledgenetworks to close major breeding gaps.
Co
ncep
tsR
esearch
Practice
LIVESEED Work Package 3 on organic breeding4 objectives (4 tasks):
from trait to system-based strategies
More diverse and resilient
cropping systems
Annual
AgroforestryPerennial
Plant-microbiome
Winter
Spring
BarleyN
S
7 Countries
Lv
D
Ch
Fr
Nl
Po
Pt
pea+s.wheat faba beans+ s.wheat, s.triticale, s.vetch
maizemaize+beans
cereals (oat and spring triticale) + grain legumes (yelow lupine and narrowleaf lupine)
s.wheat+lupine s.wheat
Winter wheat, CCP crosses
Blue and White lupin + different cereals →W. lupin + triticale
Pea + Barley (or triticale)
Winter pea in winter triticale
T3.2.1 Optimised annual crop mixtures, with a focus on cereals (Leader: AREI)
Annual
Trials structure
OrganicConventional
Lattice design
Low input
RCBD
Years4
Years1
15Locations
1
Cro
p p
hen
olo
gy
and
mo
rph
olo
gy
Pro
du
ctio
n/
eco
no
mic
yiel
d
Interactions with the agroecoystem
Product quality for which foodsystem
Traits/ breeding methods
• Phenology e.g. growth cyclelength, flowering time
• Morphology e.g. height, growthhabit
• Establishment/Cover• Health (disease response)• Weed competitiveness• Abiotic stress responses• Nutrient use efficiency• Microbiome
• Yield per surface unit/ Yield losses (…)
• Kernel / straw• Protein content• Stability• Wide/specific
adaptation• Processing• Protein Quality• Nutritional / Organoleptic• Taste / Cultural values• (Other Intangible)
Systems-based Frame of Analysis
Practical guidelines for breeding for more diversity: A new toolbox
• statistical methods for:
– Variety mixtures
– Crop mixtures
– Populations
ANOVA and multiple tests, descriptive analise, Coefficient of variation
Ranking (genotypes in pure and mixed stand)
Regression
LER
Correlation, Mixing efect, MARS, CART, RF, DiversityIndexSpearman rank
Nearest NeighbourNei indexesBoxplotsPCA
Example 1:The statistical tools that we have
Forst, E., Enjalbert, J., Allard, V., Ambroise, C., Krissaane, I., Mary-Huard, T., ... & Goldringer, I. (2019). A generalized statisticalframework to assess mixing ability from incomplete mixing designs using binary or higher order variety mixtures and application to wheat. Field Crops Research, 242, 107571.
van Frank, G., Goldringer, I., Rivière, P., & David, O. (2019). Influence of experimental design on decentralized, on-farm evaluation of populations: A simulation study. Euphytica, 215(7), 126.
Meeting 18 September
Meeting 10 November
Meeting 8 December
Meeting 21 January
Example 2:A statistical tool for selection
Leitão, S. T., Ferreira, E., Bicho, M., Alves, M. L., Pintado, D., Santos,
D., ... & Vaz Patto, M. C. (2019). Maize Open-Pollinated PopulationsPhysiological Improvement: Validating Tools for Drought Response
Participatory Selection. Sustainability, 11(21), 6081.
The ABC of phenotypic recurrent selection
Two parental control mass
selection:
in the field
before pollen shedding
before harvesting
at the storing facilities Hight
Ear insertion
Husks
Leaf angle
ABC – Phenotipic Recurrent Selection (Massal)
Before harvesting (one week before)
Two parental control mass selection:
Before pollen sheddingmale flowers-detasseling to undesirable plants, weakest,
disease and pest susceptible
In t
he
fiel
dUse 2 bags
A
B
Yield – Look at the ear!
Ear size
More than one (prolific)
2nd
4th
a
b
Health – Look to leaves, stalk and …kick!
3rd
Diseases (fungi)
Pests (insects)
Roots
a
c
b
Arquitecture – Look to the plant
Normal
ProlificPic the upper ear of
the selected plants
1st Length
Row number
Heath (look at cob basis)
Determined versus indetermined
At store – look at the ear!
Eliminate top and bottom of the ear
Hight
Ear insertion
Husks
Leaf angle
ABC – Phenotipic Recurrent Selection (Massal)
Before harvesting (one week before)
Two parental control mass selection:
Before pollen sheddingmale flowers-detasseling to undesirable plants, weakest,
disease and pest susceptible
In t
he
fiel
dUse 2 bags
A
B
Yield – Look at the ear!
Ear size
More than one (prolific)
2nd
4th
a
b
Health – Look to leaves, stalk and …kick!
3rd
Diseases (fungi)
Pests (insects)
Roots
a
c
b
Arquitecture – Look to the plant
Normal
ProlificPic the upper ear of
the selected plants
1st Length
Row number
Heath (look at cob basis)
Determined versus indetermined
At store – look at the ear!
Eliminate top and bottom of the ear
Silas Pêgo
Photo by Felipe HanowerTable by André Pereira
Vagem 2020
1510 309 5815 334 8489 335 3363 360 4888 361 8254 3861048
0 387 8014 412 3300 413 3642 438 4489 439
5373 310 7664 333 8065 336 2579 359 8491 362 3746 385 4655 388 3984 411 1785 414 2995 437 3228 440
3567 311 7253 332 10467 337 6136 358 6443 363 6619 384 8808 389 9688 410 5702 415 3799 436 6476 441
9721 312 6843 331 10081 338 5919 357 6335 364 8202 383 7268 390 3876 409 6037 416 7105 435 6625 442
4354 313 6800 330 7946 339 6597 356 7945 365 7217 382 6931 391 5781 408 4534 417 6935 434 5856 443
5437 314 5531 329 7285 340 5527 355 10444 366 7476 381 8204 3921030
9 407 6778 418 8883 433 4376 444
4691 315 5938 328 8134 341 3696 354 6429 367 5793 380 5460 393 5947 406 9156 419 7406 432 7561 445 5554 458
2565 316 4414 327 3524 342 6344 353 8239 368 8896 379 7069 394 3609 405 6507 420 5630 431 6807 446 3152 457
4728 317 6089 326 8068 343 4584 352 6544 369 5863 378 8073 395 6112 404 8518 421 6298 430 7135 447 5213 456
5853 318 6507 325 8579 344 6876 351 3867 370 7924 377 9373 396 5925 403 5783 422 5867 429 7206 448 6135 455
6277 319 6860 324 9239 345 4118 350 4336 371 5031 376 7640 397 4575 402 6623 423 6860 428 5724 449 5178 454
6791 320 7804 323 7330 346 5603 349 4536 372 6146 375 6979 398 4222 401 5153 424 3421 427 6343 450 4783 453
5323 321 7235 322 4058 347 6232 348 5481 373 5111 374 8249 399 4499 400 3981 425 6583 426 4529 451 5535 452
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Traits-Field-Ears
Disease
yld
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en
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H
UN
T
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R
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♀ ♂Flow ering
Moist.
Traits used for
population
characterization
• Deliver and registration
• Paredes cooperative (Farmersassociation)
Maize Ears
• Registration
• Number attributed to each earEar deliver
• Ear and reception number• Data registration and photos, taking 4 ears
for moisture and conservation in BPGV
• Ear Value Formula
• EV= (0.6 KW + 0.2 L + 0.15 R + 0.05 KN)/4
• Other data available only at the end of the competition
• Breeder information
NUMI, Pt (earsevaluation)
Best Ear of Sousa Valley
Kernel type
-flint
-dent
Colour
- White
- Yellow
Best Ear of Sousa Valley
Mendes-Moreira, P. M., et al. (2014). Is ear value an effective indicatorfor maize yield evaluation?. Field Crops Research, 161, 75-86.
Ear Value
Ear Value Adjusted
Mendes-Moreira, P. M., Mendes-Moreira, J., Fernandes, A., Andrade, E., Hallauer, A.
R., Pêgo, S. E., & Patto, M. V. (2014). Is ear value an effective indicator for maizeyield evaluation?. Field Crops Research, 161, 75-86.
Random Forest 2nd runRandom Forest 2nd run
Agroforestry System since 1999- maize co-breeding
Microbiome analysesObjectives:
• Polytechnic de Coimbra did establish and analyze the differences between the rhizosphere microbiota of two maize populations in three different production systems.
•
32
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grantagreement No 727230 and by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contractnumber 17.00090. The information contained in this communication only reflects the author’s view. Neither the Research
Executive Agency nor SERI is responsible for any use that may be made of the information provided.
Breeding networks in PPB to close major breeding gaps: Tomato
Adrian Rodriguez Burruezo
Universitat Politècnica València (UPV)
Spain
• 1 Provide inspiring guiding principles to breed for resilience and quality improvement in OA;
• 2 Develop/optimize breeding designs/ selection tools for more diverse and resilient cropping systems (annual/perennial crops/agroforestry);
• 3 Exploring the importance of the plant-plant and plant-microbiome interface with the holobiont as selection target;
• 4 Establish crop specific breeding and knowledgenetworks to close major breeding gaps.
Co
ncep
tsR
esearch
Practice
LIVESEED Workpackage 3 on breeding4 objectives (4 tasks):
from trait to system based strategies
CONVENTIONAL APPROACH:➢ Scientists/Breeders➢ Farmers to evaluate pre-commercial varieties (e.g. F1s)
SOME CONSEQUENCES: • Breeding process mostly depending on scientist and
breeders• Very specific conditions (mainly company´s facilities) in
breeding process• Very limited feedback from other socioeconomic
agents in the agri-food chain during breeding process• Socioeconomic agents do not feel involved
Why building networks in PB?
BENEFITS FROM PARTICIPATORY PB:
• In a rational fashion, a range of socioeconomic agents may contribute with their opinion in the breeding process.
• Increasing the opportunities to success
• Solve local breeding aims, when working with small-medium-scale farmers
• Each socioeconomic agent becomes a “little breeder”… Feel involved in the process… Strenghtens the links from seed to fork
Why building networks in PB?
SOCIOECONOMIC AGENTS:
Why building networks in PB?
• Provide alternatives to small farmers, diversifying varietal availability
• Recovery of✓OP landraces, ecotypes, heirlooms✓Heterogeneous populations (CCPs, DPs)
i) adaptation to organic farming, ii) higher plasticity and iii) high added value (sust. farming, “taste-of-the-past”, nutritional value)
• Solve local breeding aims (and others at higher scale)
• Strengthen local links from farmers to consumers. Citizens aware of their role in organic production and conservation of local agrobiodiversity
• Larger gene pool mitigates genetic erosion
PPB opportunities in organic farming
Encompassing 5 different crops (and peculiarities):
LIVESEED Task 3.4
White lupin
Tomato
Winter wheat
Apple
Brassica
• The most important fruit vegetable in Europe, high added value. Spain and Italy main EU organic producers
• BUT… low organic seed availability and most varieties are modern F1's from gene pool bred for high input farming
• THUS, NEED OF: i) high-quality cultivars (flavor and taste), ii) specifically adapted to organic farming and iii) support small initiatives aimed to preserve and use tomato diversity
• Partners from both countries: RSR (ITA) and UPV (SPAIN),in collaboration with other associations, encompassing experiences with different approaches and agents
LIVESEED: Support networks for organic participatory breeding in tomato
• Assessing adaptation of Tomato Evolutionary Population: CCP “Cuore di bue” from to different environments and organic farming management
• 5 different agroclimatic conditions
• Yearly particip. evaluations, with farmers: i) 400 pl./location + controls (local & modern varieties)
• Two approaches: a) seeds from best plants for next generation, b) natural selection
• Field evaluations: yield, growth & management, incidence pests and diseases, farmers´preference, etc.
Experience 1CCPs “Cuore di bue” in Italy
• 250 varieties evaluated 2018-2020 under organic farming in different conditions: Mediterranean (Val) and Southwest (Cadiz)
• On-farm participatory evaluations: farmers, breeders, technicians, nurseries. Yield, vigor, earliness, incidence of pathogens, farmer´s preferences, ….
• Additional LAB analyses of sugars, acids, phenolics, volatiles
• Each year (after on-farm selection): open days, diffusion events with consumers and retailers in local markets and fairs, on-farm facilities, taste panels to include consumers´ opinion
Experience 2 Heirlooms and landraces in Spain
• PPB highly necessary (and fruitful) in tomato
• Efficient breeding of local populations/varieties adapted to organic farming. “To shape” the variety from several approaches, preserving remarkable intra-varietal genetic diversity
• Very attractive for consumers (strongly involved)
• One of the most expensive in costs. Farmers in-kind contribution. But also thank economic support, particularly in large trials.
• Very important: strongly committed agents
LESSONS LEARNED
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This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grantagreement No 727230 and by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contractnumber 17.00090. The information contained in this communication only reflects the author’s view. Neither the ResearchExecutive Agency nor SERI is responsible for any use that may be made of the information provided.