Works Cited

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Works Cited Primary Sources: "Adams–Onís Treaty." Wikimedia Commons. Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Aug. 2015. Web. 20 Dec. 2015. A map of the result of the Adams–Onís Treaty between Spain and America. I used this image on my "John Quincy Adams" subpage since Adams was the American negotiator for the treaty and it was significant action of his prior to the 1824 election. An Address to the People of Maryland on the Subject of the Presidential Election. N.p., 1824. Print. This book from 1824 addressed the election of 1824's importance and specifically mentioned how many Americans believed John C. Calhoun was the best fit for the presidency. I used a quote from this about John C. Calhoun on my "John C. Calhoun" subpage. "Ameliorate Early American Voting." Daily Amelioration. Blogger, 16 Feb. 2014. Web. 11 Dec. 2015. This is a picture of voting in an election in the 1800s, one where the popular vote was taken into consideration. I used this image on my "Context" page to provide a visual of early voting next to my description about the progress of voting. "Andrew Jackson." TopTenz. Big Oak Studios, 2014. Web. 4 Dec. 2015. This image is of Andrew Jackson, a candidate in the election of 1824 and strong opposer of the "Corrupt Bargain." I used this image on my "Andrew Jackson" subpage in the banner and overlapped a quote onto the picture. "Andrew Jackson Campaign Poster." Picture History. N.p., 1828. Web. 18 Dec. 2015. This campaign poster for Andrew Jackson calls him "a man of the people" and "the hero of two wars and of Orleans" and makes a reference to the fact that Jackson won the popular

description

Works Cited

Transcript of Works Cited

Page 1: Works Cited

Works Cited

Primary Sources:

"Adams–Onís Treaty." Wikimedia Commons. Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Aug. 2015. Web. 20

Dec. 2015. A map of the result of the Adams–Onís Treaty between Spain and America. I

used this image on my "John Quincy Adams" subpage since Adams was the American

negotiator for the treaty and it was significant action of his prior to the 1824 election.

An Address to the People of Maryland on the Subject of the Presidential Election. N.p., 1824.

Print. This book from 1824 addressed the election of 1824's importance and specifically

mentioned how many Americans believed John C. Calhoun was the best fit for the

presidency. I used a quote from this about John C. Calhoun on my "John C. Calhoun"

subpage.

"Ameliorate Early American Voting." Daily Amelioration. Blogger, 16 Feb. 2014. Web. 11 Dec.

2015. This is a picture of voting in an election in the 1800s, one where the popular vote

was taken into consideration. I used this image on my "Context" page to provide a visual

of early voting next to my description about the progress of voting.

"Andrew Jackson." TopTenz. Big Oak Studios, 2014. Web. 4 Dec. 2015. This image is of

Andrew Jackson, a candidate in the election of 1824 and strong opposer of the "Corrupt

Bargain." I used this image on my "Andrew Jackson" subpage in the banner and

overlapped a quote onto the picture.

"Andrew Jackson Campaign Poster." Picture History. N.p., 1828. Web. 18 Dec. 2015. This

campaign poster for Andrew Jackson calls him "a man of the people" and "the hero of

two wars and of Orleans" and makes a reference to the fact that Jackson won the popular

Page 2: Works Cited

vote in the 1824 election, but John Quincy Adams became president. Jackson then won

the 1828 election against Adams. I used this poster image for my section about Jackson

on my "Significance" page.

Andrew Jackson was beloved of the new masses of American voters. Synonym.com. Demand

Media, 1828. Web. 19 Dec. 2015. This image is of Jackson speaking in front of a large

crowd of American voters in 1828 to promote himself and his beliefs. I used this picture

on my "Significance" page in the section about the "Corrupt Bargain" exchange helping

Jackson win the 1828 election.

"Anti­Caucus." LOC.gov. Library of Congress, 2008. Web. 31 Aug. 2015. This is an image of

an anti­caucus ticket for William Crawford from 1824. It contains opinions on the

unfairness of Crawford's caucus, one of which being that his caucus was made up of

personal friends, for the 1824 election. I used this picture on the "Campaign" page on my

website.

"Battle of New Orleans." HISTORY.com. A&E Networks, 8 Jan. 2015. Web. 1 Dec. 2015. This

image is of Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815, which was arguably

Jackson's most important battle during his lifetime, in which he won and boosted the

morale of many Americans. I used this image on my "Andrew Jackson" subpage.

Boller, Paul F. Presidential Campaigns: From George Washington to George W. Bush. 2nd ed.

New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Print. This book gives a detailed account of

each election from George Washington to George W. Bush. I specifically used the

information about the election of 1824 and the well­qualified candidates in my project on

my "Campaign" page, quoting an important line from the 1824 election.

Page 3: Works Cited

"'Bonus' Bill." David Rumsey Map Collection. Cartography Associates, 8 Feb. 1817. Web. 4

Dec. 2015. This is an image of a map of the "Bonus" Bill's passage. The yellow areas on

the map are where the bill was rejected and the blue areas on the map are where it was

supported. I used this image on my "John C. Calhoun" subpage since Calhoun was the

one who proposed this bill, which was ultimately never put into place.

Brady, Matthew. Henry Clay, Head­and­Shoulders Portrait, Facing Front. 1850­1852.

Half­Plate Daguerreotype. This daguerreotype is of Henry Clay, an iconic figure in my

history day project. I used this image on my "Home" page in my slideshow of significant

pictures related to my topic.

Brown, William S. "To the Voters of Baltimore County." Niles' Weekly 1824: n. pag. American

Memory. Web. 20 Aug. 2015. This magazine article written in 1824 contains opinions

from many citizens of Jackson. It is important in my project because it provides a visual

of an official campaign document on my “Campaign” page used during the campaigning

process.

"Candidacy." The Hermitage. Andrew Jackson Foundation, 2015. Web. 4 Dec. 2015. This is an

image of John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson, perhaps the two most important

candidates in the election of 1824. I used this image in the banner on my "'Corrupt

Bargain'" page since both of these men were largely involved with the bargain and its

legacy.

Carter, Dennis Malone. Andrew Jackson. 1860. Painting. This is a full­length portrait of Andrew

Jackson, painted by Dennis Malone Carter in 1860. I used this painting on my

"Candidates" page to provide a picture of one of the candidates in the election of 1824.

Page 4: Works Cited

Clay, Henry. "Letter in Support of the War of 1812." Letter. 1812. MS. This is a letter Clay

wrote about the War of 1812. Henry Clay was a "war hawk," which was one who

supported war, and he advocated for war in this letter. I quoted some of what he said on

my "Henry Clay" subpage since that was one of the actions he performed prior to the

1824 election.

Cox, Allyn. Chief Justice John Marshall administering the oath of office to Andrew Jackson on

the east portico of the U.S. Capitol, March 4, 1829. 1973. Loc.gov. Web. 4 Dec. 2015.

This is an image of John Marshall administering the oath of office to Jackson in 1829 at

the White House. I used this picture on my "Significance" page for the section about the

"Corrupt Bargain" helping Jackson win the presidential election in 1828.

Crawford, William H. "William H. Crawford to Thomas Jefferson, 16 June 1814." Letter to

Thomas Jefferson. 16 June 1814. MS. A letter about the War of 1812, specifically the

Treaty of Ghent. I specifically quoted what William H. Crawford said about the treaty,

claiming it was very difficult to negotiate peace under the circumstances they faced. I

used this quote on my "William H. Crawford" subpage since he backed the War of 1812.

Cruikshank, Robert. President's Levee, or all Creation going to the White House. 1841. Loc.gov.

Web. 4 Dec. 2015. This painting is of a view of a crowd in front of the White House

during President Jackson's first inaugural reception in 1829. The furnishings of the White

House were destroyed by the rowdy crowd during the inaugural festivities. I used this

image on my "Significance" page for the section about the "Corrupt Bargain" helping

Jackson win the presidential election in 1828.

"Dan Wilson: Great Teachers, Great Courses." Muhlenberg College. Muhlenberg College, 2013.

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Web. 1 Dec. 2015. This is a picture of Daniel Wilson, a professor of American history at

Muhlenberg College in Allentown, Pennsylvania whom I interviewed in person. I used

this image on both my "Interviews" and "Daniel Wilson" subpages to provide a visual of

one of my interviewees. I also quoted information describing Wilson’s occupation.

Davis, Kenneth C. Don't Know Much About the American Presidents. New York: Hyperion,

2012. Print. This book provides details about each American president and what

happened during their presidency. I used quotes from the section on John Quincy Adams

on my "Corrupt Bargain" page and "John Quincy Adams" subpage.

Document promoting the election of Henry Clay. LOC.gov. Library of Congress, 2008. Web. 31

Aug. 2015. An image of a document written in Philadelphia on September 15, 1824,

promoting the election of Henry Clay. It is important because it is a primary source from

an actual American at the time when the election was occurring. I used this picture on my

"Campaign" page.

"Election of 1828." WhenInTime. WhenInTime, 1828. Web. 15 Dec. 2015. This is an image of

John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay, and in between them there is a campaign document

from the 1828 election that ridiculed Jackson. This picture is important because it is a

collection of primary source images merged into one about the 1828 election, which

Jackson won thanks to the "Corrupt Bargain" exchange in 1825.

"Electoral College 1816." Wikimedia Commons. Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Dec. 2014. Web. 8

Nov. 2015. A map showing the states that voted for the Democratic­Republican

candidate, Monroe, and the Federalist candidate, King, in the Election of 1816 and the

percentage of electoral votes for each. I used this image on my "Context" page as a visual

Page 6: Works Cited

for the background information relating to this election, in which Monroe won and the

Era of Good Feelings started, leading to the Federalist Party's further demise.

"The Electoral College Vote." President Elect. James R. Whitson, 2008. Web. 11 Dec. 2015.

This map shows specifically each area where every candidate in the 1824 election was

supported; Adams pulled support from the New England region, Jackson gained most

support in the South, Clay was supported in the Ohio Valley region and western areas,

and Crawford received support from Virginia and Georgia. I used this image on my

"Corrupt Bargain" page.

"Elegant Antique Gold Frame." CNB Homes. Home Design Ideas, 2015. Web. 29 Aug. 2015.

A gold frame, which I used as a border around the four pictures of the candidates on the

"Candidates" page and as a border on my “Required Materials” page, to give my website

a classier and more authentic look for the time period of my topic.

The Era of Good Feelings. YouTube. Google, 2007. Web. 20 Dec. 2015. This video gives an

overview of the Era of Good Feelings from 1817 to 1825 and includes many historians

briefly discussing their takes on this time period. I used a clip of Catherine Allgor, Ph. D.

talking about the Era of Good Feelings on my "Context" page since it was an important

part of the demise of the Federalist Party leading up to the 1824 election.

"Eric Hinderaker." The King's English Bookshop. N.p., 18 Feb. 2010. Web. 1 Dec. 2015. This is

an image of Eric Hinderaker, professor of history at the University of Utah and co­author

of America's History, For the AP* Course textbook series whom I interviewed over

e­mail. I used this image on both my "Interviews" and "Eric Hinderaker" subpages to

Page 7: Works Cited

provide a visual of one of my interviewees. I also quoted describing Hinderaker’s

occupation.

Healy, George Peter Alexander. John Quincy Adams. 1858. Painting ­ oil on canvas. The White

House Collection, Washington, D.C. This painting of John Quincy Adams sitting in a

chair was created by George Peter Alexander Healy in 1858. I used it on my

"Candidates" page for another picture of Adams.

­ ­ ­. John C. Calhoun. 1845. Oil on canvas. National Portrait Gallery, Washington, D. C. This

painting is of John C. Calhoun, one of the candidates in the election of 1824. I used this

image on my landing page to provide an image as to what he looked like.

­ ­ ­. Portrait of John C. Calhoun (1782­1850). 1851. Oil. This is a painting of John C. Calhoun,

which I used as an image in my banner on my "John C. Calhoun" subpage. It is important

because it provides another individual of one of the candidates, first for the presidency

and then for the vice presidency, in the 1824 election.

Heidler, David S., and Jeanne T. Heidler. Henry Clay: The Essential American. New York:

Random House, 2010. Print. This book is about Henry Clay's life, focusing on his role in

politics and his actions in government. I used a quote from the prologue on my "Henry

Clay" subpage, which describes Clay and the way some people viewed him.

Henretta, James A., et al. America's History, For the AP* Course. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford/St.

Martin's, 2014. Print. This textbook gives a brief summary of the Election of 1824 and its

importance. I used information and quotes from this textbook on my "Corrupt Bargain"

page and an image from the book on my “Significance” page.

"Henry Clay Biography." Biography.com. A&E Television Networks, 2015. Web. 3 Dec. 2015.

Page 8: Works Cited

This website article is about Henry Clay and the biography of his life. I quoted

information about Clay's actions prior to the election of 1824 from this article on my

"Henry Clay" subpage.

"Henry Clay Documents." Henry Clay: The Man with a Plan. Themes & Co., 2015. Web. 4 Dec.

2015. This image is of many documents Henry Clay wrote throughout his lifetime. I used

this picture on my "Henry Clay" subpage as a visual since Clay was responsible for

multiple important compromises, such as the Missouri Compromise, and other writings.

"Henry Clay's American System." Glencoe Online. McGraw ­Hill, 1824. Web. 11 Dec. 2015. An

image describing the main parts of Henry Clay's American System, which was Clay's

platform in the 1824 election. I use this image on my "Henry Clay" subpage since this

was one major bill he advocated for prior to the 1824 election.

Henry Clay's appointment as secretary of state. Loc.gov. Library of Congress, 7 Mar. 1825. Web.

8 Nov. 2015. This image is of the document of Henry Clay's appointment as secretary of

state to John Quincy Adams on March 7, 1825, following the "Corrupt Bargain"

exchange. I used this image as an important visual on the "Corrupt Bargain" page.

Henry Clay sat for this portrait shortly before Jackson denounced him as “The Judas of the

West.” Faith and American History. Robert Tracy McKenzie, 24 Mar. 2014. Web. 31

Aug. 2015. This is a painting of Henry Clay from the 1820s. I used this image on my

"Henry Clay" subpage, and it is important because it provides a picture of how Clay

looked.

Holst, Hermann E. von. John C. Calhoun. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1980. Print.

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This book is a biography on John C. Calhoun, a candidate in the election my topic is

about. I used quotes the author said in the book on my "John C. Calhoun" subpage about

Calhoun's want for the War of 1812 and and on my "Campaign" page about Calhoun

being the strongest candidate for the vice presidency.

"Hunters of Kentucky, or Half Horse and Half Alligator." LOC.gov. Library of Congress, 1999.

Web. 28 Aug. 2015. This image is of the lyrics to the pro­Jackson song "The Hunters of

Kentucky," the first ever campaign song made in 1821 used in the election of 1824. It is

important because it is used as a visual to go along with the audio clip of the song on my

"Campaign" page.

H. W. Brands on the "Corrupt Bargain." YouTube. Google, 25 Mar. 2008. Web. 20 Dec. 2015.

This video is of H.W. Brands, an American educator, author, and historian, discussing the

"Corrupt Bargain" exchange, a result of the election of 1824. I used a portion of this clip

on my "Home" page since it discusses the importance of part of my topic.

"Jackson Delegate Ticket." LOC.gov. Library of Congress, 2008. Web. 28 Aug. 2015. An image

of Jackson's delegate ticket from the Election of 1824. This photo, located on my

“Andrew Jackson” subpage, is significant because it provides a visual of a delegate ticket

for the election as well as the names of Jackson's delegates.

"Jackson Election Ticket 1824." Loc.gov. Library of Congress, 1824. Web. 30 Nov. 2015. This

image is of a Jackson election ticket from 1824. The ticket has a drawing of Jackson, a

quote from Thomas Jefferson about Jackson, and some names of Jackson's assembly. I

used this image on my "Andrew Jackson" subpage.

Jacksonian democracy greatly influenced American politics and policies for generations.

Page 10: Works Cited

Synonym.com. Demand Media, Nov. 1879. Web. 11 Dec. 2015. This is an image of

Jackson standing in front of many gentlemen with his hands on his hips. In the

background is a large poster that says, "Vote for Old Hickory." I used this picture on my

"Significance" page since it is a visual of the election of 1828, in which Jackson won and

was aided by the result of the "Corrupt Bargain."

"James A. Henretta." Macmillan Learning. Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 2015. Web. 1 Dec. 2015.

This is an image of James A. Henretta, professor emeritus of history at the University of

Maryland and co­author of America's History, For the AP* Course textbook series whom

I interviewed over e­mail. I used this image on both my "Interviews" and "James A.

Henretta" subpages to provide a visual of one of my interviewees and quoted information

about his occupation.

"John C. Calhoun." Clemson University. Clemson University, 2015. Web. 4 Dec. 2015. This is a

portrait of John C. Calhoun, one important figure in the election of 1824 and events

surrounding it. I used this image on my "Candidates" page as a picture of him which

leads to his subpage.

"John Quincy Adams." Biography.com. A&E Television Networks, 2015. Web. 11 Dec. 2015.

This is an image of John Quincy Adams, a candidate in the 1824 election. I used this

portrait of Adams on my "John Quincy Adams" subpage as another picture of this

important figure.

"John Quincy Adams." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 24 June 2014. Web. 29 Aug. 2015.

Page 11: Works Cited

This is an image of John Quincy Adams, which I used on my landing page in the header.

It is important because it provides a visual of one of the candidates in the Election of

1824 and future sixth president of America.

"John Quincy Adams (1825­1829)." Lincoln's Lunch. Blogger, 10 Jan. 2011. Web. 22 Dec. 2015.

This is a portrait of John Quincy Adams, a candidate in the 1824 election and significant

historical figure. I used this image on my "Home" page to provide another important

visual of one of the candidates of my topic.

"John Quincy Adams 1824 Campaign Poster." Zazzle. Zazzle, 17 July 2012. Web. 25 Nov. 2015.

This image contains an alleged slogan used in the election of 1824: "Like John Adams

but Quincyer!" It also has an image of John Quincy Adams and is set up like a campaign

ticket from back in the early 1800s.

Johnston, David Claypoole. A Foot Race. 1824. Loc.gov. Web. 4 Dec. 2015. A figurative

portrayal of the presidential race of 1824. A crowd of cheering citizens watch as

candidates John Quincy Adams, William Crawford, and Andrew Jackson stride toward

the finish. Henry Clay has dropped from the race and stands, hand on head, on the far

right. I used this image on my "Campaign" page.

Jouett, Matthew Harris. Henry Clay. 1818. Wikipedia. Web. 29 Aug. 2015. This is a painting of

Henry Clay, a candidate in the 1824 Election. I used this image on my landing page in the

header. It is important because it fits in with the pictures of the other four candidates and

is the main look of my website.

Kaplan, Fred. John Quincy Adams: American Visionary. New York: HarperCollins Publishers,

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2014. Print. This book is about John Quincy Adams' life as a whole and all that he did,

and also describes Jackson’s warning to Adams of what would happen if the "Corrupt

Bargain" was fully made. I used a quote from John Adams provided in this book on my

"Corrupt Bargain" page.

King, Charles Bird. Henry Clay, Late Speaker of the United States House of Representatives;

The Advocate of South American Independence. 1822. Painting. This three­quarter length

portrait of Henry Clay depicts Clay holding a document dated "February 10th, 1821"

presented to "Congress" as a resolution of support for the "Independence" of the "Spanish

provinces of South America." I used this image on my “Home” page.

Krimmel, John Lewis. Election Day in Philadelphia. 1815. Painting. This is a painting entitled

Election Day in Philadelphia by John Lewis Krimmel from 1815. I used this image on

my "Context" page as a visual of a type of popular election in Philadelphia for my section

on exploring popular voting.

The Letters of Wyoming to the United States on the Presidential Election, and in Favour of

Andrew Jackson. Philadelphia: S. Simpson & J. Conrad, 1824. Print. This book contains

many letters written about the presidential election of 1824 and Andrew Jackson by the

state of Wyoming. I specifically used a quote about why the state though Jackson was so

significant and should win the presidency in 1824 on my "Andrew Jackson" subpage.

Madison, James. "James Madison to Henry Clay, April, 1824." Letter to Henry Clay. Apr. 1824.

MS. This letter is about Clay's American System and Madison's views on it. I quoted

some of what Madison stated, essentially saying how he believed it lost sight of general

principles, on my "Henry Clay" subpage.

Page 13: Works Cited

Meacham, Jon. American Lion. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks, 2008. Print. This

book is about Andrew Jackson's winning of the 1828 election and his whole presidency.

There is one picture of Jackson and others, including Clay, Calhoun, and Adams, at a

reception in the White House for the ninth anniversary of the Battle of New Orleans. I

used this image and its caption on my "Andrew Jackson" subpage.

"Meet Henry Clay." Ashland: The Henry Clay Estate. The Henry Clay Center for Statesmanship,

1824. Web. 23 Dec. 2015. An image of Clay as a young statesman. I used this image on

my "Henry Clay" subpage in the banner along with a quote about the importance of Clay

in American history.

Meltzer, Milton. Andrew Jackson and His America. Danbury: Franklin Watts, 1993. Print. This

book about Andrew Jackson gives a detailed account of his life and all of his actions he

performed while holding positions in government. I used the information provided about

his victory at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815 and his candidacy in the election of 1824

in my project to help me further understand the events.

Message of President James Monroe at the commencement of the first session of the 18th

Congress. Archives.gov. The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, 12

Dec. 1823. Web. 25 Nov. 2015. This is an image of the first page of the Monroe Doctrine

document from 1823. I used this as a visual on my "John Quincy Adams" subpage, since

John Quincy Adams was the prime author of this document about new foreign policy.

"Missouri Compromise." Mrvanduyne.com. Mr. Van Duyne, 2015. Web. 10 Dec. 2015. This is a

map of America showing what came out of the Missouri Compromise of 1820. The

36*30' line and states admitted as either free or slave as a result of the compromise are

Page 14: Works Cited

displayed in this image. I used this map on my "Henry Clay" subpage since Clay made

the compromise, and it was one of Clay's most important actions through his lifetime.

Mooney, Chase C. William H. Crawford: 1772­1834. Lexington: The University Press of

Kentucky, 1974. Print. This book covers William Crawford's life and all of his

accomplishments. I used this book to further my understanding of Crawford and the

election.

Newspaper cartoons depicted conflicts that arose between the Federalists and Republicans, who

sought to control government. Candela Open Courses. N.p., 15 Feb. 1792. Web. 23 Dec.

2015. A newspaper picture depicting Federalists and Democratic­Republicans brawling

in the early days of new America. It is located on my "Context" page where I describe the

death of the Federalist Party.

"Old Paper Texture." F­covers.com. N.p., 2015. Web. 6 Dec. 2015. This image is of old paper,

which I used on most of my pages on my website as a background behind important

quotes. I used this background to help these significant quotes stand out and to give my

website another aesthetically pleasing look.

"Our Country...Home Industry." Loc.gov. Library of Congress, 1824. Web. 15 Nov. 2015. An

anti­Jackson broadside issued during the 1824 presidential election campaign. The text

strongly criticizes Jackson's anti­tariff platform and condemns him as an advocate of

British interests. I used this image on my "Context" page.

Parsons, Lynn Hudson. The Birth of Modern Politics: Andrew Jackson, John Quincy Adams, and

the Election of 1828. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. Print. This book describes

the election of 1828 as a pivotal moment in history and goes over the parts of the

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election. It contained a quote Jackson said in response to the "Corrupt Bargain," which I

used on my "Corrupt Bargain" page.

Peale, Rembrandt. Portrait of John C. Calhoun (1782­1850). 1834. Oil on canvas. Gibbes

Museum of Art, Charleston. This is a portrait of John C. Calhoun, a candidate in the

election of 1824 originally for president but then vice president. I used this image in the

header of my website along with pictures of other candidates.

"The People's Ticket. For President­ Wm. H. Crawford.­ For Vice­President­ Some Tried and

Approved Patriot." Loc.gov. Library of Congress, 1824. Web. 3 Dec. 2015. This is an

image of an election ticket for William H. Crawford, who was the first nominee of the

Democratic­Republican party in the election of 1824. I used this picture on my "William

Crawford" subpage to provide a visual of an actual ticket from back then.

"Portrait of Henry Clay." Wikimedia Commons. Wikimedia Foundation, 1850. Web. 4 Dec.

2015. This image of Henry Clay depicts Clay sitting in a chair with his hands folded on

his lap. I used this full portrait on my "Home" page in the 1824­1825 timeline and a

zoomed in version of Clay's face on my "Candidates" page.

Preimesberger, Jon, ed. Presidential Elections: 1789­ 1992. Washington, D.C.: Congressional

Quarterly, 1995. Print. This book provides the electoral vote, popular vote, presidential

primaries, presidential primary returns, and nominating conventions for each election

from 1789­1992. I used the electoral and popular vote count for the Election of 1824 on

my "Corrupt Bargain" page to check to make sure the pictures containing the counts are

accurate.

"Randolph Roth." Zócalo Public Square. Gregory Rodriguez, 1 Nov. 2009. Web. 1 Dec. 2015.

Page 16: Works Cited

This is an image of Randolph Roth, a professor of American history, author, and director

of Undergraduate Studies at The Ohio State University whom I interviewed over Skype. I

used this image on both my "Interviews" and "Randolph Roth" subpages to provide a

visual of one of my interviewees and quoted information about his occupation.

Remini, Robert V. Henry Clay: Statesman for the Union. New York: W.W. Norton &

Company, 1991. Print. This book provides a detailed account of Henry Clay's life, with

many quotes from Henry Clay intertwined in the reading. I specifically used this book to

gather information on Henry Clay's campaigning in the Election of 1824 and his role in

the "Corrupt Bargain" with John Quincy Adams. I quoted Remini from this book on my

“Campaign” page.

­ ­ ­. John Quincy Adams. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2002. Print. This book gives a

detailed account of John Quincy Adams' life. I used the information specifically on the

Election of 1824 and his role in the "Corrupt Bargain" with Henry Clay in my project to

further my understanding of the significance of my topic. I quoted Remini from this book

on my “Campaign” page. I quoted him from this book on my “John Quincy Adams”

subpage.

"Republican Anti­Caucus Ticket." LOC.gov. Library of Congress, 1824. Web. 28 Aug. 2015.

This picture is of a Republican anti­caucus ticket for John Quincy Adams. This photo,

located on my "John Quincy Adams" subpage, is significant because it is a primary

source delegate ticket from the election and includes the names of Adams' representatives

on my “Home” page.

Roseboom, Eugene H., and Alfred E. Eckes, Jr. A History of Presidential Elections from George

Page 17: Works Cited

Washington to Jimmy Carter. 4th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1979.

Print. This book gives a detailed description of the 1824 election, focusing on the

candidates and their reasons for popularity. I specifically used the information about

Andrew Jackson to further my understanding of him.

Schurz, Carl. Henry Clay. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1980. Print. This book

describes Henry Clay's life, accomplishments, and gives many details about his role and

actions in politics, including reasons behind some main moves he made while holding

various positions in government. I used a quote about the Clay pushing for the War of

1812 on my "Henry Clay" subpage.

Sully, Thomas. Andrew Jackson. 1824. Painting. A painting of Andrew Jackson, one of the four

main candidates in the Election of 1824. This image is used on my landing page in the

header. It is important because it fits in with the pictures of the other four candidates and

is the main image used for Jackson on my website.

­ ­ ­. Major General Andrew Jackson, President of the United States. 1820. Loc.gov. Web. 3 Dec.

2015. This is an engraving of Andrew Jackson from 1820. It is a half­length portrait of

Jackson standing, facing left, and leaning on horse. I used this image on my "Home" page

in a slideshow as a visual of Jackson, a candidate in the 1824 election.

Severin, Charles. Gl. Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans. 1856. Knowla.org. Web. 25 Nov.

2015. This is a painting of General Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815

on a horse in the midst of fighting. It is important in my project because it provides a

representation of one of the most important events Jackson was in prior to getting

involved in politics.

Page 18: Works Cited

"Southern Excitement, or a View of the Opinions and Designs of the Friends of Andrew

Jackson." Niles' Weekly 1825: n. pag. Print. This anti­Jackson magazine article contains

opinions of many Americans who knew Andrew Jackson personally. It is used on my

“Campaign” page as an image of a campaign document in the 1824 election.

"To the Electors of Boston." LOC.gov. Library of Congress, 2008. Web. 27 Aug. 2015. This

photograph is of a pro­Adams campaign document from 1824. It is important in my

project because it provides campaign records from the election of 1824 on my

"Campaign" page.

"To the Friends of Our Country." LOC.gov. Library of Congress, 2008. Web. 28 Aug.

2015. This photograph is of an anti­Jackson campaign document from 1824 used during

the campaigning period. It is important in my project because it provides campaign

records for Jackson from the 1824 election on my “Campaign” page.

"To the Public." LOC.gov. Library of Congress, 2008. Web. 28 Aug. 2015. This photograph is

of an anti­Jackson campaign document written by Jesse Benton in 1824. It is important in

my project because it is a primary source campaign record from the election of 1824

campaigning process on my “Campaign” page.

"To the Voters of Baltimore County." LOC.gov. Library of Congress, 2008. Web. 28 Aug. 2015.

This image is of a pro­Jackson campaign document written by William Brown in 1824. It

is important in my project because it is used to show some of the citizens' views on the

election of 1824 on my “Campaign” page.

"To the Voters of the Second Electoral District of Maryland." LOC.gov. Library of Congress,

Page 19: Works Cited

2008. Web. 27 Aug. 2015. This image is of a pro­Crawford campaign document written

by Alex Keech in 1824. It is important in my project because it shows opinions of the

candidates in the election of 1824 about Crawford on my “Campaign” page.

"Town Representatives." Loc.gov. Library of Congress, 1824. Web. 20 Dec. 2015. This is an

image of a document written in 1824 by citizens in New Haven, Connecticut, who

supported Henry Clay's candidacy for the presidential election of 1824. I used this picture

on my "Campaign" page for Henry Clay's section since it was one important campaign

document that helped him in the race.

"Treaty of Ghent." Archives.gov. The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, 1814.

Web. 10 Dec. 2015. This is an image of the Treaty of Ghent document from 1814, which

marked the official end of the War of 1812 between America and Britain. I used this

picture on my "Henry Clay" subpage since he was one of the Americans who negotiated

this treaty, along with John Quincy Adams, another candidate in the 1824 election.

"Twelfth Amendment." United States Constitution and Citizenship Day. Blogger, 1804. Web. 20

Dec. 2015. This image is of the Twelfth Amendment, enacted in 1804 as a result of the

election of 1800. I used this image on my "Context" page where I give a brief summary

of the 1800 election, which was an important event leading up to the election of 1824.

Unger, Harlow Giles. John Quincy Adams: A Life. Philadelphia: Da Capo Press, 2012. Print.

This book includes a very detailed story of John Quincy Adams' life. I used a quote from

the author's introduction in this book on my "John Quincy Adams" subpage in the banner;

the quote triumphs Adams' accomplishments prior to his presidency.

US Const. art. XII. Print. The Twelfth Amendment, created after the "Revolution of 1800,"

Page 20: Works Cited

played a crucial role in the election of 1824. Since no candidate received a majority of the

electoral votes, the House of Representatives, directed by the Twelfth Amendment, had

to choose the president from the top three candidates. I quoted some of this amendment

on my "Corrupt Bargain" page.

"Voice of Maine!" LOC.gov. Library of Congress, 2008. Web. 27 Aug. 2015. This photograph is

of a pro­Adams campaign document from 1824 and denounces the other candidates. It is

important in my project because it provides a visual of a campaign record from the

election of 1824 on my “Campaign” page.

"White House." Wikimedia Commons. Wikimedia Foundation, 7 Nov. 2002. Web. 29 Aug. 2015.

This is an engraving from the 19th century showing the White House at Washington,

D.C. I used this image as a header on the "Candidates" page on my website, and it’s

important because it shows what the White House looked like back then.

"White House." Wikimedia Commons. Wikimedia Foundation, 12 Nov. 2015. Web. 22 Dec.

2015. This is a painting of the White House from the mid­nineteenth century in America.

The grounds in the painting are fairly empty except for a couple taking a stroll. It is used

on my "Home" page as a visual as to what the president's lodging looked like back in the

early nineteenth century.

"William Harris Crawford (1772­1834)." New Georgia Encyclopedia. Georgia Humanities

Council, 17 Dec. 2006. Web. 29 Aug. 2015. This is a painting of William H. Crawford,

one of the candidates in the election of 1824. I used this image on my "Candidates" page.

It is important because it provides a picture of Crawford on my website and fits in with

the pictures of the other four candidates that navigate to their own pages.

Page 21: Works Cited

"William H. Crawford." EDSITEment. National Endowment for the Humanities, 1824. Web. 2

Dec. 2015. This is an image of William H. Crawford, one of the candidates in the 1824

election. I used this image in the banner on my "William H. Crawford" subpage next to a

quote about him.

"William Rorabaugh." University of Washington: Department of History. University of

Washington, 2012. Web. 1 Dec. 2015. This is a picture of William J. Rorabaugh, an

American historian and professor of history at the University of Washington whom I

interviewed over e­mail. I used this image on both my "Interviews" and "William J.

Rorabaugh" subpages and quoted information about his occupation on both these pages

as well.

Secondary Sources:

"Andrew Jackson." Miller Center of Public Affairs. University of Virginia, n.d. Web. 29 Aug.

2015. This website gives a detailed description of Andrew Jackson's life. I used the

information provided to help my understanding of his actions, as well as his supporters’

actions, in the Election of 1824. I also quoted some information from it on my “Andrew

Jackson” subpage.

"Biographies of the Secretaries of State: John C. Calhoun." The Office of the Historian. U.S.

Department of State, n.d. Web. 30 Nov. 2015. This website provides an overview of John

C. Calhoun's life, mainly focusing on his political career. I used a quote about Calhoun

being the secretary of war to James Monroe on my "John C. Calhoun" subpage.

"Constitution." Mrs. Speir's Art Room. Blogger, 1 Oct. 2015. Web. 20 Dec. 2015. This is an

Page 22: Works Cited

image of a replica of the United States Constitution. I used this picture on my

"Significance" page l since I discuss the constitutionality of the National Popular Bill,

which was made possible because of the exploration of the national count of popular

votes in the election of 1824.

"Elections from 1789 to 1828." Virginia Historical Society. Cogapp, n.d. Web. 29 Aug. 2015.

On this website, there is a brief summary of the election of 1824, specifically focusing on

the importance of the election. This information will help me further understand the

significance of my topic, such as why America exploring the concept of allowing citizens

to vote directly for the candidates was the first step towards modern elections.

Erdman, Nathan. "Presidential Election of 1824." Missouri State University. DNC Holdings, n.d.

Web. 29 Aug. 2015. A combination of primary quotes from the 1824 election and links to

primary sources. The quotes and links helped me gather information while creating my

website and find primary source pictures.

"Excerpted and Annotated Campaign Documents." EDSITEment. National Endowment for the

Humanities, n.d. Web. 28 Aug. 2015. This website contains important quotes from

primary source campaign documents, along with annotations of the sources. These quotes

from provided sources will be used mainly on the "Campaign" page on my site.

Folsom, Burton W. "Madison's Veto Sets a Precedent." Fee.org. Network Solutions, 1 Jan. 2008.

Web. 14 Nov. 2015. This website provides information about President Madison's veto of

the Bonus Bill of 1817, made by John C. Calhoun, one of the candidates in the election of

1824. I used some of the information from this site to fully understand this bill and its

significance.

Page 23: Works Cited

Freeman, Joanne B. "The Presidential Election of 1800: A Story of Crisis, Controversy, and

Change." The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. Richard Gilder and Lewis

E. Lehrman, n.d. Web. 20 Dec. 2015. On this website, I found a quote from Joanne B.

Freeman, a professor of history and an author, about the election of 1800. I used this

quote on my "Context" page since the election was the only other election in which the

House of Representatives had to choose the president and it prompted the Twelfth

Amendment to be made, which was applied in the 1824 election.

"George Peter Alexander Healy ­ Artworks." The Athenaeum. Chris McCormick, n.d. Web. 29

Aug. 2015. This site provides many paintings by George Peter Alexander Healy,

including many presidents. I found the painting of John Quincy Adams and paintings of

Calhoun on this site and used all of them on my website.

Goldman, Corrie. Why do we still let the Electoral College pick our president? Stanford

University. Stanford University, 20 Aug. 2012. Web. 20 Dec. 2015. This website gives a

brief summary of the National Popular Vote Bill and contains an interview with a

historian, Jack Rakove, about the bill. I used one of Rakove's quotes from the interview

on my "Significance" page to show how he is one of many who support the NPV bill's

end result.

Goodman, Bonnie K. "Overviews & Chronologies: 1824." Presidential Campaign & Elections.

Bonnie K. Goodman, n.d. Web. 29 Aug. 2015. This site gives an in­depth explanation of

the candidates, campaigning methods, results, and more in the election of 1824. It also

includes a timeline of political events from 1821 to 1825, which I used to cite some

events for my timeline.

Page 24: Works Cited

Gustavson, Robert E. "A Biography of John Caldwell Calhoun (1782­1850)." American History:

From Revolution to Reconstruction and Beyond. University of Groningen, n.d. Web. 29

Aug. 2015. On this website, there is a summary of John C. Calhoun's life. In the election

of 1824, Calhoun originally ran as a presidential candidate, but eventually dropped out

and ran for vice president on Andrew Jackson’s and John Quincy Adams’ tickets. It

helped me gather more information about Calhoun and apply it on my website.

Henretta, James A. E­mail Interview by Avery Allen. 16 Nov. 2015. I conducted an e­mail

interview with James A. Henretta, professor emeritus of history at the University of

Maryland and co­author of America's History, For the AP* Course textbook series, as

well as other books. I asked Mr. Henretta about exploring the concept of the popular vote

in American history, the issue of encountering no majority in the 1824 election, his

opinion on the "Corrupt Bargain" exchange and its importance, and the significance of

the election.

Hinderaker, Eric. E­mail interview by Avery Allen. 17 Nov. 2015. I conducted an e­mail

interview with Eric Hinderaker, professor of history at the University of Utah, co­author

of America's History, For the AP* Course textbook series, and many other books. I asked

him questions about my project relating to the 2016 National History Day theme, his

opinion on candidates in the 1824 election, and the significance and legacy of the election

of 1824.

"Jackson vs. Clay and Calhoun." U.S. History Online Textbook. Independence Hall Association,

2015. Web. 29 Aug. 2015. This website explains Jackson's hostility to Henry Clay,

another candidate in the 1824 election, and John C. Calhoun, vice­presidential candidate

Page 25: Works Cited

for John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson who had originally ran for president but

dropped out. This information helped me in creating the subpages for Jackson and Clay.

"John C. Calhoun." HISTORY.com. A&E Networks, 2009. Web. 3 Dec. 2015. This article is a

biography of John C. Calhoun, an important figure in my project. I quoted information

about Calhoun's roles in government prior to the election of 1824 on my "John C.

Calhoun" subpage.

"John Quincy Adams." HISTORY.com. A&E Networks, 2009. Web. 8 Nov. 2015. This website

provides a brief but factual description of John Quincy Adams' life, accomplishments,

and important roles in politics in America. I used information prior to the election of

1824 from this website on my "John Quincy Adams" subpage.

"John Quincy Adams." Miller Center of Public Affairs. University of Virginia, n.d. Web. 29

Aug. 2015. This website gives a detailed description of John Quincy Adams' life and his

various accomplishments. I used the facts provided to help my understanding of his

actions in the election of 1824 and quoted some information on my “John Quincy

Adams” subpage and “Corrupt Bargain” page.

"National Popular Vote." Fairvote: The Center for Voting and Democracy. Veracity Media, n.d.

Web. 20 Dec. 2015. This article describes the National Popular Vote Bill, which is a bill

that would change the electoral college and supports the popular vote. I quoted some

information from this site on my "Significance" page since this bill would not have been

possible if the election of 1824 had not had a national count of the popular vote.

"Presidential Election of 1824: A Resource Guide." LOC.gov. Library of Congress, 4 June 2015.

Page 26: Works Cited

Web. 28 Aug. 2015. A synthesis of primary source campaign documents from the

election of 1824 and results of the outcome of the election. The primary sources provided

are very helpful in learning many opinions from citizens on the candidates and can be

used as visuals on my website. I found many of my primary source pictures from this site.

"Return of the Two­Party System: 1824–1828." Sparknotes. B&N, 2011. Web. 28 Aug. 2015.

This site provides a summary of the election of 1824 and the "Corrupt Bargain," as well

as the significance of these events. The information helped me further understand the

importance of my topic and gave me new ideas as to what information I needed to next

search for.

Richardson, Heather Cox. "Why Were Tariffs Politically Important in Late 19th­Century

America?" The Historical Society. Historical Society, 9 Dec. 2013. Web. 6 Dec. 2015.

This article is about tariffs in America, their importance, and conflicts that arose over

them. I used a quote from this article about tariffs on my "Context" page since the tariff

issue was a significant part of the election of 1824 platforms.

Rorabaugh, William J. E­mail Interview by Avery Allen. 14 Nov. 2015. On November 14, 2015,

I conducted an interview over email with William J. Rorabaugh, a history professor at the

University of Washington. During the interview he discussed the importance of the five

candidates in the election of 1824, encountering no majority of the electoral votes in the

election, his opinion on the "Corrupt Bargain" exchange, and the importance of the 1824

election and its result.

Roth, Randolph. Videoconference Interview by Avery Allen. 12 Nov. 2015. I conducted an

Page 27: Works Cited

interview on November 12, 2015, over Skype with Professor Randolph Roth, a U.S.

history professor at Ohio State. During the interview he explained politics prior to the

election of 1824, the notable candidates in the election, his view on the "Corrupt Bargain"

exchange, and the significance and legacy of the election and its result.

Tucker, David. "William Harris Crawford (1772­1834)." New Georgia Encyclopedia. Georgia

Humanities Council, 17 Dec. 2006. Web. 30 Nov. 2015. This website gives a brief

overview of William H. Crawford's life, one of the candidates in the election of 1824. I

used a quote about Crawford's skill and importance in Georgia on my "William H.

Crawford" subpage in the banner.

Waligora, Lisa. "Presidential Election 1824 – The Corrupt Bargain." University Library System.

University of Pittsburgh, 2006. Web. 29 Aug. 2015. This site provides background

information on each candidate in the 1824 election along with a summary of the "Corrupt

Bargain" exchange. The information helped me specifically create the "Corrupt Bargain"

subpage and subpages for each candidate.

"William H. Crawford." Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc., 4 Aug. 2014.

Web. 3 Dec. 2015. This website article provides an overview of William H. Crawford's

life, mainly about his roles in government. I quoted information from this article on my

"William H. Crawford" subpage.

Wilson, Daniel. Interview by Avery Allen. 20 Oct. 2015. On October 20, 2015, I interviewed

Daniel Wilson, a professor of 19th century U.S. history at Muhlenberg College in

Allentown, Pennsylvania. During the in­person interview, I asked Professor Wilson

questions about politics prior to the election of 1824, the candidates and their unique

Page 28: Works Cited

qualifying qualities, the "Corrupt Bargain" exchange, campaigning methods, and the

significance of the election.