Workplace Environmental Hazards

YKK ZIPPER PHILIPPINES, INC.

WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENTAL

HAZARDS

HOUSE RULES

Be punctual. A certificate of attendance will be awarded. Sign as you enter the room. Smoking is not allowed inside the training room. As much as possible, avoid eating while the session is on-

going. In case of emergency, or other urgent matter that you have to

attend to/requires your presence please DO inform the facilitator or any of the training staff before leaving.

If you have any administrative problems/concerns, feel free to approach any of the training staff.

All mobile phone/beeper must be on silent mode.

COURSE OUTLINE

ObjectiveDefinition of termsPresentation/DiscussionWorkshop

GENERAL OBJECTIVE

To provide participants with the appropriate KNOWLEDGE and SKILLS to

IDENTIFY, CONTROL, and ELIMINATE

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE

Apply appropriate control measure to address IDENTIFIED

HAZARD

DEFINITION OF TERMS

RISK – is the chance, high or low, that somebody will be harmed by the hazard

HAZARD – means anything that can cause harm (ex. chemicals, electricity, working from ladder, etc.)

THRESHOLD LIMIT VALUES (TLV) – represent condition under which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed daily without adverse effect.

WORK ENVIRONMENT MEASUREMENT (WEM) – is the determination of environmental hazards and their hazardous effects on workers’ health, through direct measurement of the hazards.

HAZARD CONTROL/CONTROL MEASURE – preventive action taken to eliminate hazard and risk

PRESENTATION/DISCUSSION

WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES/HAZARD

Chemical hazard Physical hazard Biological hazard Ergonomics Direct Hazard

ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES/HAZARDS

A. CHEMICAL HAZARD Hazards that are excessive airborne concentrations

of mists, vapors, gases or solids that are in the form of dusts or fumes

Types of chemical hazards:Mist Vapors Gases Dust Fumes

TYPES OF CHEMICAL HAZARDS

1. MIST – are fine particles of a liquid float in air Exposure:

Splashing Spraying Pickling Electroplating Roaming operations.

Example: Hydrochloric Nitric and Sulfuric Acids Oil Mist


2. VAPORS – substance in a liquid or solid state (critical temperature higher than 25oC, 1 atm) that volatilize or sublimate depending upon on vapor pressure and become gases

Exposure: Factories and laboratories Cleaning agents, degreasers, thinners, chemical reagents,

drying agents Painting

Example: Acetone Toluene Isopropyl Alcohol


3. GASES – substances in gaseous state. These are normally compressible, formless fluids which occupy the space of an enclosure and which can be changed to the liquid or solid state only by the effect of increase pressure or decrease temperature. They do not necessary have a warning odor at a dangerous concentration. Examples/Exposure:

Hydrogen Sulfide – oils & gas; pulp & paper; waste water treatment

Chlorine – water treatment plants; pulp & paper Nitrogen Dioxide – mining; machinery using diesel

engines


4. DUSTS – refers to the suspension of solid particles in air. Exposure:

Physical properties such as crushing, grinding, shaking and drilling operations where solid materials are broken down generates these dusts.

Types of dust: Total dust – all dust particles present in the area Respirable dust – that fraction of total dust which

passes through a selector whose size is 7 microns and below in diameter which can be inhaled and deposited in the lungs

5. FUMES – solid particles formed from condensation of substance from the vapor state. Fumes are normally associated with molten metals where the vapor from the metal are condensed into solid particles in the space above the molten metal. Exposure:

Battery making, soldering, electronics, welding, painting, mining, electroplating

Example:Lead, Tin manganese, Iron


B. PHYSICAL HAZARDS Hazards that include excessive levels of radiation,

noise, vibration, insufficient lighting and extremes of temperature and pressure Noise Illumination Extremes of temperature Radiation Extremes of pressure Vibration


TYPES OF PHYSICAL HAZARDS

NOISE It is defined as unwanted sound. The level of noise

in an industrial operation can constitute a physical hazard to the exposed workers. The extent of hazard depend not only on the over all noise level but also on the time period and frequency of the noise to which the worker is exposed and the type of noise.

Types of noise: Continuous Intermittent Impact


2. ILLUMINATION - It is the measure of stream of light falling on a surface. Its unit is lux. Luminance is the measure of light intensity

coming from a source. It is the exact measure of light they emit.

Glare occurs when we look into a light which is brighter than which the eye can adopt to.


3. EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE Heat stress is excessive heat load. Extremes of

temperature affect the amount of work that people can do and the manner in which they do it. In most industry, the problem is more often high temperature than low temperature.

Exposure: Smelters Steel workers Blast furnace operators


4. RADIATION Caused by ultraviolet, infrared, laser and

microwave rays from the electromagnetic spectrum

Exposure to ultraviolet: natural light, arc welding, drying, and curing process

Expose to infrared: drying and baking of paints, varnishes, adhesives, heating of metal parts for shrink fit assembly


5. EXTREMES OF PRESSURE The exposure of workers to abnormal air pressure is

generally limited to few occupational areas. It has been recognized from the beginning of caisson work (work performed in a water tight structure) that men working under pressure greater than at normal atmospheric one are subject to various ills connected with the job. Exposure to high pressure

Caisson operation, under water tunneling, diving, sewage construction

Exposure to low pressure Individuals working in high altitude or mountainous


VIBRATION A body is said to vibrate when it describes an

oscillating motion about a reference point. IN practice, it is very difficult to avoid vibration. It usually occur because of the dynamic effects of manufacturing tolerances, clearances, rolling and rubbing contact between machine parts. Exposure

Sanders Pneumatic drill Jackhammer drill

C. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS Hazards which includes exposure to bacteria,

viruses, insects, molds, fungi, and parasites. This can be a direct result of the work being performed or the results of unhealthy conditions in the working environment.


D. ERGONOMICS Ergonomics was based on the two Greek words, ergos meaning “work” and normos meaning “the study of” or “the principle of”. In other words, ergonomics means the law of work.



E. DIRECT HAZARD Visibility of hazard in a workplace

Unguarded machines Falling objects

IDENTIFICATION OF STRESSES/HAZARDS

Identification of hazards can be accomplished through:

Walk-through survey/ocular inspection Raw materials/by-product/end-product Processes involved MSDS/CSDS Workers’ complaint Work environment measurement

IDENTIFICATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CONTROL

MEASURES

Engineering Control Administrative Control Personal Protective Equipment


MEASURES

ENGINEERING CONTROLS Engineering controls are those methods that

engineer out the hazard, either by initial design specifications or by applying methods of substitution, isolation, or ventilation


MEASURES

ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL General administrative controls are those controls available

to the organization that do not directly remove the source of hazard exposure from the workplace. These controls are usually effective when used with one of the other control methods previously mentioned.

Examples of general administrative controls available include worker training, monitoring of the work area or the workers, scheduling workers into the area, good housekeeping and preventive maintenance scheduling to assure proper function of the existing controls.


MEASURES

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Personal protective equipment o PPE should be

used only as last resort and as temporary measure until more permanent controls can be installed. In some cases there is no immediate alternative but to use personal protective equipment. However, the safety officer must continue to look for other solutions where personal protective equipment is currently being used.


MEASURES

A. Engineering Control

1. Substitution

2. Modification in the Process and/or Equipment

3. Maintenance of Equipment

4. Isolation

5. Ventilation


MEASURES

B. Administrative Control

1. Rotation of workers

2. Preventive maintenance schedule

3. Training

4. Monitoring of work environment

5. Housekeeping


MEASURES

C. Personal Protective Equipment

1. Categories

2. Uses

3. Factors in selecting

FOUR PRINCIPLES OF CONTROL

All hazards can be controlled There are many alternative methods of control Some methods of controls are better than others Some situations will require more than one control

method to obtain optimum results

EFFECTS OF HAZARDS

EFFECTS – the result produced by a cause. Effects of Stresses/Hazards

Human Body Company Community Family

EFFECTS TO HUMAN BODY

Examples: Injuries Illnesses Asthma Fungi Pneumonia

EFFECTS TO COMPANY

Examples: Losses in profit Downtime in production Enclosure

EFFECTS TO COMMUNITY

Examples: It might endanger nearby communities

with fire Disturbances due to operation Loss of revenues Loss of income

EFFECTS TO FAMILY

Examples: Loss of income when family member got

sick or injured Loss of a family member Demoralization

SAMPLE

HAZARDS EFFECTS CONTROL MEASURESHUMAN

BODYCOMPANY COMMU

NITYFAMI-LY

1. Poor housekeeping

Tripping accidentsFallingBurns

Losses Fire

Loss of incomeLoss of revenues

Jobs 5SProper housekeeping

2. Improper electrical wring

Electrical burns DamageLoss

Loss of incomeLoss of revenues

Jobs Rewiring, labelingReplacements of deteriorationSegregating for flammables

3. Chemicals (improper storage and handling)

Burns Losses due to fire, opportunity & productivitySpoilage

-Jobs Proper storage

Proper labeling, segregating and waste disposalProper ventilation

4. Unsecured gas cylinders

FallingExplosion(burns)

Property lossesProduction losses -

Jobs Centralized storage, securing system, proper labeling, SOP’s, segregation

5. No machine guarding

InjuryDeath

do Loss of revenues

do Provide guards

6. Fire fighting equipments not in proper location

do do do doIdentify correct locationsMaintain and inspectProper labeling

WORKSHOP

Abstract: Identify existing hazard in your

department/section. Find the possible effects to the following:

Human BodyCompanyCommunityFamily

Recommend control measures to eliminate existing hazards.

Workplace Environmental Hazards

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