Workpackage 3 TIDE. 1.Introduction: Ecosystem services TIDE.

Workpackage 3

TIDE

1. Introduction:Ecosystem services

TIDE

3

Nature Harbour

Ecology Economy?

Fig. from Dücker et al. 2006, HANSA: 76-84

40 km

Van Braeckel et al. 2006

Changing tidal characteristics

UNEP, 2002 www.unep.org, Bron: gegevens: Climate change 2001, Synthesis Reoprt, Conclusions of Working Groups I, II and III to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, 2001.

WATERPROBLEMATIEKGlobal change

Sea level rise

7

Carrying capacity

12

2) Conceptual framework

Nature Harbour

Ecology EconomyEcosystemservices

13

2. Qualitative assessments

TIDE

14

01 V

lRaa

02 V

lHan

03 H

anG

r

04 G

rBur

05 B

urTm

06 T

mDe

m

07 D

emG

t

08 D

urm

e

09 Z

eDNe

10 s

trSc

maximisation of buffer capacity discharge 0 0 0 0 + + ++ ++ ++ ++maximisation tidal energy dissipation + ++ ++ ++ ++ + + + + 0Increase multichannel system 0 ++ ++ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0optimisation natural habitat processes ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ 0minimise turbidity 0 + + ++ ++ ++ + ++ + 0Optimisation C flux 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ++optimisation N flux 0 0 + + + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++Optimisation O2 0 0 0 + ++ ++ + ++ + ++Optimisation of P flux 0 0 0 0 0 0 + + + ++Optimisation of Si flux + ++ ++ ++ 0Optimisation of primary production 0 + + ++ ++ ++ + ++ + 0optimisation conditions for zoöplankton 0 + + + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ 0optimisation conditions for benthos + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ 0Optimisation fishmigration 0 + + + + + ++ ++ ++ ++extension surface shallow low dynamic water + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ 0extension surface tidal flats + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ 0Reducing high dynamic areas 0 ++ ++ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Extension surface marsh + ++ + + ++ + ++ + ++ 0Extension young marsh + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ 0 0 0Extension surface wetland 0 0 0 + + + ++ + ++ 0

Goals

Goods and servicesproblems

Zone in the estuary

15

Action points

• Define ecosystem services (task 3.1)• Harmonise estuarine zonation < typology ...• Set up qualitative criteria for functioning

efficiency (= quantification precursor)• Assess ecosystem functioning (=filling in the

table for each estuary)• Compare estuaries and learn (task 3.4: gaps)• Idem for species instead of functions (task 3.2)

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H1

CARRYING CAP

H2

H3surface

quality

surface

quality

habitats

species

G1G2

Gn

Goods & serv

ices

S1S2S3

S4S5S6

Defining goals

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Planalternatief A

buff_

afv

disp_

E

meerg

nat_h

ab

turb

C N O2 P Si prim_

prod

zoöp

l

benth

os

vis ond_

H2O

slikuit

slikdy

n

scho

ruit

scho

rverj

wetla

nd

Vlakte van de RaanUitpolderen 0 + 0 ++ + 0 + 0 0 + + + + ++ ++ ++ 0 ++ 0 0Doorlaatmiddel plaatsen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 ++Vlissingen - HansweertGeul verdiepenAfgraven schor/stortKrib aanleggen 0 + 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 + 0 ++ 0 0 0 ++ 0 0 0Uitpolderen 0 ++ 0 ++ + + + 0 + 0 + + ++ ++ ++ ++ 0 ++ 0 0Doorlaatmiddel plaatsen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 ++Hansweert - grensGeul verdiepen 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 + + + + + 0 0 0 0 0Geul verondiepenKrib aanleggen 0 + 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 + 0 ++ 0 0 0 ++ 0 0 0Afgraven schor/stort 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ++ 0Uitpolderen 0 + 0 ++ + + + 0 + 0 + + ++ ++ ++ ++ 0 ++ 0 0GGG door sluisbeheerDoorlaatmiddel plaatsen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 ++Grens - BurchtAlternatieve verdediging 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 + 0 0 0Afgraven schor/stort 0 + 0 ++ + 0 + + + + + + + + 0 + 0 + ++ 0Uitpolderen 0 ++ 0 ++ + + + 0 + + ++ + ++ ++ ++ ++ + ++ + 0GGG door sluisbeheerDoorlaatmiddel plaatsen 0 + 0 ++ + + + 0 + + ++ + ++ ++ ++ + ++ +Wetland ontwikkelenBurcht - TemseAlternatieve verdediging 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 + 0 + 0 0Afgraven schor/stort 0 + 0 ++ + 0 + ++ + ++ + ++ + + 0 + 0 ++ + 0Uitpolderen: dijk verwijderen 0 ++ 0 ++ ++ 0 + ++ + ++ ++ ++ + ++ + + 0 ++ + 0GGG door sluisbeheer 0 + 0 + + + + ++ + ++ ++ ++ + + + + 0 ++ 0 0Wetland ontwikkelen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +

Alternatieve verdediging 0 0 0 + 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 + 0 + 0 0Afgraven schor/stort 0 + 0 ++ + 0 + ++ + ++ + ++ + + 0 + 0 ++ + 0Uitpolderen + ++ 0 ++ ++ 0 ++ ++ + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ + ++ 0 ++ + 0GGG door sluisbeheerDoorlaatmiddel plaatsen 0 + 0 ++ + 0 + + + + + + + ++ ++ + 0 + 0 0Wetland ontwikkelen + 0 0 + 0 0 + 0 + ? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ++Beheerslandbouw

Alternatieve verdediging 0 0 0 + 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 + 0 + 0 0Uitpolderen ++ + 0 ++ + 0 ++ ++ + ++ + ++ ++ ++ + ++ 0 ++ + 0GGG door sluisbeheerDoorlaatmiddel plaatsen 0 + 0 ++ + 0 + + + + + + + ++ ++ + 0 + 0 0Wetland ontwikkelen ++ 0 0 + 0 0 + 0 + ? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ++vistrap 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ++ 0 0 0 0 0 0

Alternatieve verdediging 0 0 0 + 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 + 0 + 0 0Uitpolderen 0 ++ 0 ++ ++ 0 ++ ++ + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ + ++ 0 ++ + 0GGG door sluisbeheerDoorlaatmiddel plaatsenWetland ontwikkelen 0 0 0 + 0 0 + 0 + ? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ++Beheerslandbouw

Alternatieve verdediging 0 0 0 + 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 0 + 0 + 0 0Uitpolderen/dijkherlocatie ++ 0 0 ++ + + ++ ++ + + ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ ++ 0 ++ 0 ++Doorlaatmiddel plaatsen ++ 0 0 ++ + + ++ ++ + + ++ ++ 0 ++ ++ 0 0 0 0 ++Wetland ontwikkelen + 0 0 + 0 0 0 0 0 ? 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +Beheerslandbouw

code doelstelling doelstelling code doelstelling doelstellingbuff_afv maximaliseren buffer bovenstroomse afvoer prim_prod optimaliseren primaire productiedisp_E maximaliseren tidale energiedissipatie zoöpl optimaliseren condities voor zoöplanktonmeerg uitbreiden meergeulenstelsel benthos optimaliseren condities voor benthos

nat_hab optimaliseren natuurlijk habitatprocessen vis optimaliseren vismigratieturb minimaliseren turbiditeit ond_H2O uitbreiden areaal ondiep laagdynamisch water

C optimaliseren koolstofhuishouding slikuit uitbreiden areaal slikN optimaliseren stikstofhuishouding slikdyn verlagen dynamiek slik

O2 optimaliseren zuurstofhuishouding schoruit uitbreiden areaal schorP optimaliseren fosforhuishouding schorverj verjongen schorSi optimaliseren siliciumhuishouding wetland uitbreiden areaal wetland

MeasuresTo BeTakenIn DifferentZones

Goods and services

Large scale restoration

Morphological dredging

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Planalternatief A

buff_

afv

disp_

E

meerg

nat_h

ab

turb

C N O2 P Si prim_

prod

zoöp

l

benth

os

vis ond_

H2O

slikuit

slikdy

n

scho

ruit

scho

rverj

wetla

nd











Goods and services

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Action points

• List measures for all estuaries ( WP5)• Assess impact for every measure for each

function or goal (species, habitat), for each zone (task 3.9)

• Assess also the impact that a measure of one estuary would have in the other estuaries and learn from it (-> task 3.10)

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3. The quantification job

TIDE

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• No quantification without known relations

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

0 20000 40000 60000 80000

macrobenthos biomass * surface intertidal flats

num

ber

Birds and their foodBirds and their food

Data Tom Ysebaert NIOO- CEMO

Benthos and its foodBenthos and its food

System primary production (gC.m-2.y-1)

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Sys

tem

-ave

rage

d m

acro

faun

a bi

omas

sg

AF

DW

m-2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

B=-1.5 + 0.105 Pr2=0.77

GR

OS

VM

WS

B1

B2

ED

EW

CBSFBLIS

LY

COL

YT

BF

Source: P. Herman NIOO-CEMO

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Pri

ma

ry p

rodu

ctio

n (g

C m

-2 y

-1)

-100 0 100 200 300 400 Net organic import (gC m-2 y-1)

zone of light limitation

Phytoplankton and organic load

Herman et al., CEMO

0

4

8

12

16

20

1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020pa

rtic

ula

te b

iod

eg

r o

rgC

flu

x, k

ton

C/y

r

detritic orgC

algal C

Billen & Garnier, Univ. de Paris

pristine 2015

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1850 1950 2004

year

surf

ace

(ha)

Mudflat

Tidal marsh

Area evolution Area evolution

N, P, C

N, P, C

?

Pristine

Actual

Carrying capacity for Carrying capacity for benthosbenthos

Ai

Aj

Bi

Bj

Div

ersi

ty

Dissolved oxygen

Bi x Ai = (Bj + Bc) x (Aj + Ac)

Mud

flat

are

a

History

Pi Pj

O2

Imm

issi

on

History

Carrying capacity for:Carrying capacity for: Nutrient retentionNutrient retention Water storageWater storage Tidal energy reductionTidal energy reduction ........

Log 10 of mean spring tidal range

Uncles et al., 2002

Van der Spek et al., 1997

Linking tidal range history with the relation between tidal range, tidal lenght and SPM

1 meter less mean spring tidal range would give for an estuary of 160 km long an SPM concentration of about ten times less

Div

ersi

ty

Limiting factor

Bi x Ai = (Bj + Bc) x (Aj + Ac)

Mud

flat

are

a

History

Pi PjIm

mis

sion

History

Light limitation

Morphology

OxygenToxicityElement limitationDisturbance

Tidal marsh

mudflats

Shallow waterService :

Primary

Production

Si regeneration

Pelagic habitat

River

Zm/Zp

Phyto

plankton

Organic

Load/ Si

Planalternatief A

buff_

afv

disp_

E

meerg

nat_h

ab

turb

C N O2 P Si prim_

prod

zoöp

l

benth

os

vis ond_

H2O

slikuit

slikdy

n

scho

ruit

scho

rverj

wetla

nd











Goods and services

No quantification without known relationsNo quantification without known relations Interestuarine comparisons give surplus Interestuarine comparisons give surplus

relations (task 3.5)relations (task 3.5) Historic information and tools such as Historic information and tools such as

modelling (task 3.3) can turn relations modelling (task 3.3) can turn relations into quantifications of needs and into into quantifications of needs and into function quantificationsfunction quantifications

Matching the effectiveness of measures Matching the effectiveness of measures with quantified needs is the ultimate goal with quantified needs is the ultimate goal for estuarine managementfor estuarine management

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VMM

OMES

CEME

GHA

RWS

....

legislation

maintenancesafety, ....

INVENTORY CONSULTING

AND STAKEHOLDERS

INDIVIDUAL EXPERTS

WORKING DOCUMENT

THEMATIC EXPERT GROUPS

HYDR. MORF. HABIT. F.CHEM. ECOL. DIV.

DRAFT PLAN

EXPERTS AND STAKEHOLDERS

FINAL PLAN

Workpackage 3 TIDE. 1.Introduction: Ecosystem services TIDE.

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Transcript of Workpackage 3 TIDE. 1.Introduction: Ecosystem services TIDE.