Working with the Manual of Operations

Lessons from the Diabetes Prevention Program

Mary Hoskin & Carol PercyJanuary 13, 2005 DP Meeting

Agenda

• Intro-background DPP• Overview of Manual• Example for curriculum• Keys to Success• Video

Key Findings from the DPP

• Lifestyle Intervention reduced the risk of diabetes by 58%.

• Treating 7 people with Lifestyle intervention will prevent 1 new case of Diabetes in 3 years.

The DPP Research Group, NEJM, 346:393-403; 2002

• Weight loss was the factor that prevented Diabetes in the Intensive Lifestyle group.

Hamman, R. for the The DPP Research Group, ADA Oral Presentation, 2002, # 115

• Lifestyle intervention was beneficial Lifestyle intervention was beneficial regardless of ethnicity, age, BMI, or sex.regardless of ethnicity, age, BMI, or sex.

• For every 1 Kg of weight lost, diabetes risk was reduced by 13%.

• Increased physical activity was not associated with initial weight loss but was significantly related to long term weight loss.

• Self-reported improvements in diet and physical activity that do not result in weight loss do not result in lower diabetes risk.

Key Findings (continued)

Lifestyle Intervention An intensive program with the

following specific goals:

• >> 7% loss of body weight and maintenance of 7% loss of body weight and maintenance of weight lossweight loss

– Dietary fat goal -- <25% of calories from fatDietary fat goal -- <25% of calories from fat

– Calorie intake goal -- 1200-1800 kcal/dayCalorie intake goal -- 1200-1800 kcal/day

• >> 150 minutes per week of physical activity 150 minutes per week of physical activity

The Core Curriculum16 easy to use sessions over 24 weeks of

education and training in diet and exercise methods and behavior modification skills

Emphasis on:• Self monitoring techniques• Problem solving• Individualizing programs• Empowerment and social support• Frequent contact with case manager

and DPP support staff

Lifestyle Core Class Sessions

1.Welcome and Getting Started Losing Weight.

2.Be a Fat and Calorie Detective.3.Three Ways to Eat Less Fat.4.Healthy Eating.5.Move Those Muscles.6.Being Active: A Way of Life.7.Tip the Calorie Balance8.Take Charge of What’s Around You

Lifestyle Core Class Sessions (continued)

9. Problem Solving10. Four Keys to Healthy Eating Out.11. Talk Back to Negative Thoughts.12. The Slippery Slope of Lifestyle Change.13. Jump Start Your Activity Plan.14. Make Social Cues Work for You.15. You Can Manage Stress.16. Ways to Stay Motivated.

Overview of Manual

Principles from Manual of Operations

• 7% weight loss goal set because it was believed to be safe, effective and feasible

• Emphasis on group interaction and discussion

• Each lesson has a model script• Time to plan group and not lesson• Based on clearly defined study goal• Intervention is based on participant self-

management• Tailor to participant lifestyle, learning style

and culture

Common Questions

• Fat and calorie goals & one at a time

• 16 weeks of weekly contact• Weight lifting/Thai chi, etc• Focus on limiting fat, not

carbohydrates questions• Focus on success

Daily Fat and Calorie Goals

Weight (lbs)

Fat Goal (grams)

Calorie Goal

120-174 33 1,200

175-219 42 1,500

220-249 50 1,800

>250 55 2,000Be a Fat and Calorie Detective

Keeping Track Book

Lifestyle Core Session #3:Three ways to eat less fat

• Eat high fat foods less often

• Eat a smaller amount of high-fat foods

• Eat lower fat foods instead

How did the successful weight

losers do it in DPP?

Keys to success

• Clearly defined and achievable goals and expectations

• Case management approach• Frequent contact• Relationships- staff and family• Intensive, ongoing intervention

Keys to Success (Continued)

• Individualization• Materials and strategies that

addressed the needs of an ethnically diverse population

• Keeping track• Provide tools to achieve goals• Staff Training

Defined and Achievable Goals

• Individualized fat and calorie goals for weight loss

• Individual weight loss goal (7%)• Physical Activity goal of 150 min per

wk• Time frame to meet stated goals• Participant contracts

Case Management

• Consistent relationships• Work with the participant as a

team• Hang in there- reinforcement• Be supportive• Utilize multidisciplinary approach

Frequent Contact

• Weekly• Monthly• Campaigns/Maintenance• Most chose to come in more often

Relationships

• Consistency • Supportive• Honest• Believe in you• Family

Lifetime Maintenance

• Continued self-monitoring and Continued self-monitoring and other behavioral strategiesother behavioral strategies

• Frequent contactFrequent contact

• Group classes and motivational Group classes and motivational

campaignscampaigns

• Tool box strategiesTool box strategies

Individualization

• Goals individualized to starting weight and what makes them successfully lose weight

• Recipes and menus• Interpersonal and individual needs

like jobs, literacy and language• Team approach they choose how to

Targeting for population

• Use local examples to reinforce points– 3 ways to eat less fat

• Recipes and Foods• Designed for use in many different

ethnic groups• Physical Activity

Staff Training

• Required reading Appendix D.1• Videotapes• Observation by centrally trained

personnel• Audio taped practice session• Ongoing team meetings

Weight Control RegistryKeys to Success:

• Eat a reduced-calorie, low-fat, moderately high carbohydrate diet

• Eat breakfast daily• Check weight regularly• Regular Physical Activity

Motivational Interviewing

• Listening and Summarizing• Resolving Ambivalence• Building Motivation and

Strengthening Commitment• Providing Information

Services-Research Continuum

Improve practice and

standards of care

Identify problems and

research questions

Research StudyHealth Services

SMALL STEPSBIG REWARDS

The risk is great.

The goals are important

The changes are modest.

The action steps are clear.

That doesn’t make it easy for you, but the DPP demonstrated that it can be done.

NIH Pub. No. 03-5335 Feb 2003

•Thanks to the DPP participants for their commitment and dedication to the goal of diabetes prevention