Workflow Easy steps
Transcript of Workflow Easy steps
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Part 1Oracle Applications 11i - Workflow Introduction
Oracle Workflow
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Agenda Overview & Introduction to Workflow Develop Workflow using PL/SQL functions, APIs Directory Services & Workflow Administration
Oracle Workflow
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ObjectivesAt the end of this session participants will be proficient in the following areas of Oracle Workflow:
Architecture, Features and Benefits of using the Oracle Workflow in a business environment
Creating & Customizing Workflows with PL/SQL functions & APIs.
Modifying the Workflow to implement Directory Services & administering the workflow by changing its setups.
Oracle Workflow
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Content Agenda Objectives Contents
Architecture of Oracle Workflow Defining & Implementing for a Business Processes Features & Benefits of Oracle Workflow Components of Oracle Workflow Workflow Concepts & Terminology Using Oracle Workflow Builder Designing Workflow Process & Sub-process Using Quick Start Wizard
Conclusion Exercises Quiz
Oracle Workflow
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What is Workflow? Various tasks you perform throughout the day are part
of larger tasks, that involve several steps and several people working together.
For example, when you enter an invoice, you are really kicking off an approval and payment process: someone else reviews and approves it, and a third person submits payment to the vendor. The term ‘Workflow’ refers to this larger process.
Almost all the business processes that are defined in Oracle Applications involve workflow.
Processes, that involve multiple users and the routing of data between the users are termed as ‘Workflows’
Oracle Workflow
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WF Examples Workflows not only help in automating the business processes
but also improve efficiencies, productivity and identify bottlenecks in the systems for process re-engineering.
Workflow typically eliminates the job tasks associated with controlling paper flow, and frees people who once performed clerical functions to do more meaningful work.
When properly managed, workflow enables you to monitor the work your organization is doing and how it is being done. It facilitates continuous process improvement.
You can also gauge how your underlying business is changing. As changes occur, you are well positioned to respond promptly and proactively implement new business processes.
Oracle Workflow
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Workflow is EssentialWorkflow enables continuous process improvement Complete process representation
Crosses organizational, company boundaries Build in management metrics, performance goals
Adaptable workflow processes Provides alternatives Allows for refinement
Analyze time and costs of entire processes with multidimensional analysis Reducing costs and time
Oracle Workflow
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Designing Business Processes for Change Business processes will change
No artificial constraints on the business process Enabling dynamic processes sympathetic to change Change business processes without changing code
(reduced cost of ownership)
Requires visual overview of business processes You can only fix what you can see Visual documentation of the business process
Oracle Workflow
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WF Examples Simple WF can be like a Leave request approval,
Training enrollment to complex WF, can automatically approve of purchase requisition, creation and approval of Purchase orders, defaulting account of numbers in various expense, asset, variance accounts.
Oracle Workflow
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Workflow Components Workflow typically consist of 4 R’s
Rules Roles Routings Real Time
Oracle Workflow
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Workflow Components -Rules Rules are your company's business practices captured
in software.
Rules determine what activities are required to process your business data. Our training example includes a rule that says department managers must approve all requests for external classes. Say in Purchase requisition more than $1000 expenditure will require CFO approval.
Rules are implemented through Functions ( written in PL/SQL Procedures or external programs ) in Oracle Workflow
Oracle Workflow
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Work Flow Components : Roles Roles describe how people fit into the workflow. A role is a class of users who perform the same type of
work, such as clerks or managers. Your business rules typically specify what user role
needs to do a specific activity. An example rule says all requisition should be approved
by a Supervisor (a role). In Oracle Applications’ Responsibility is same as Role in
this context. Roles allow work to be directed to Types of people than
individuals, hence allow flexible and easier to maintain Workflows.
Oracle Workflow
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Work Flow Components : Routings Routings connect the activities in the workflow. They
are the system's means of moving information from one place to another, from one step to the next.
Routings specify where the information goes and what form it takes—based on results at decision point or responses to email message or completion of activity.
Routings bring the flow into workflow. The network of routings creates a business process from
what used to be isolated activities. They get the right information to the right people at the
right time, enabling users to work together to accomplish the company's goals.
Oracle Workflow
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WF : Routing the information WF gets the right information to the right people
WF lets you provide each person with all the information they need to take any action.
WF can route supporting information to each decision maker in a business process.
Oracle Workflow
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Work Flow Components : Real Time Every Activity has certain time constraints that should
be satisfied to achieve desired results of a business process.
Any form of delay can create business issues. Real Time means Workflow should be able to escalate
to next level, action or role in case a certain activity is not executed in specific time, eg. if the Department Manager doesn’t approve or reject the leave request within 48 hrs then it should be escalated to VP-HR.
Or say if a service request is not worked/responded by an engineer within Service Level Agreement time limit then it should be moved to Area Manager.
Oracle Workflow
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More on Workflow ? Business processes revolve around routing information to
various users through a set of constantly changing rules.
The flow of information is governed by various conditions, checking for outcome of the previous steps.
Integrated through access via Web browser and widely used email systems, allows attachments and URLs
An established process of routing will be subject to continuous monitoring and routing
Each organization follows a different set of business practices.
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Oracle Workflow Version 2.6
Oracle Workflow
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What’s Oracle Workflow? Oracle Workflow automates and streamlines the business
processes contained within and between enterprises: Approve standard business documents Step through daily transaction flows Implements various decision rules and outings in
complex business scenarios
A graphical tool that allows you to CREATE, TRACK and MODIFY business processes
Embedded in the Oracle Database Server, it can monitor the workflow activity statuses.
Oracle Workflow
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What can Oracle Workflow do? Routes information to various users based on certain rules.
Tracks the responses from the users and accordingly acts on it.
Enables people to receive E-Mail notifications
Allows incorporation of custom packages and procedures
E-Mail integration of choice.
Internet enabled workflow allows you to view Workflow notifications through any Internet browser.
One can also monitor the processes through a browser.
Oracle Workflow
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Define your Business Processes WF allows you to define and modify the business
processes using a drag-and-drop process designer.
Routes documents from one user to another in an approval hierarchy.
Advanced processes like looping, parallel flows, response tracking, branching into sub-processes based on responses are also possible.
Since it is integrated with Oracle Database, it can make full use of PL/SQL to express any business rule.
Oracle Workflow
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Why use Oracle Workflow? Create a clear business process definition Automate the business routings Monitor the processes Allow users to define their own business processes to
suit their organizational needs Readily change the business process definitions in case
of a change in business processes. Oracle Workflow is stored in the Oracle database. It can be as standalone and executed through web
interface utilities or Embedded in Applications ( Oracle Apps) as part of a large complex process like PO Approval or Order Processing cycle.
Oracle Workflow
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Components of Oracle Workflow Workflow Builder Workflow Engine Workflow Definitions Loader Notification Systems Notification Worklist Workflow Monitor Business Event System Workflow XML Loader Directory Services
Oracle Workflow
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Workflow Architecture
RolesUsers
Directory Services
Oracle Workflow Enabled Application
WorkflowBuilder
WorkflowDefinitions
Loader
WorkflowDefinition
Files
WorkflowDevelopment
Client
OracleHTTPServer
NotificationMailer
ApplicationServer
WebNotification
Worklist
WebMonitor
WebAnalysis
Tools
End-UserClient
MailApplications
WorkflowXML Loader
Business Event System
Workflow Engine
Advanced Queuing
Notification System
Oracle Server
Oracle Workflow
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What’s a Workflow Builder? Work Flow builder is a Graphical interface to create and
modify a business process with simple drag and drop operations.
It has two components - Navigator Window Process Window
A workflow builder would be used by a person to design and modify a workflow. It is more of a designer’s tool rather than an end-user’s tool.
Oracle Workflow
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What can a Workflow Builder do? Using the Workflow Builder, one can create and modify
all workflow objects, including activities, item types, and messages.
At any time you can add, remove, or change workflow activities, or set up new pre-requisite relationships among activities.
A navigation tree structure allows summary view as also allows expanding activities within the workflow as needed to greater levels of detail.
Oracle Workflow Builder can be used from a desktop PC or from a disconnected laptop PC.
Oracle Workflow
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How does Workflow Builder appear?
Object Navigator Window
Process Diagram Window
Oracle Workflow
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Supported Process Constructs Looping Results-based branching
Parallel flows Rendezvous
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Supported Process Constructs Timeouts
Escalation Automatic forwarding
Subprocesses (unlimited hierarchy)
Oracle Workflow
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What’s a Workflow Engine? The Workflow Engine embedded in the Oracle8 server,
monitors workflow states and coordinates the routing of activities for a process.
Changes in workflow state, such as the completion of workflow activities, are signaled to the engine via a PL/SQL API or a Java API.
Based on flexibility–defined workflow rules, the engine determines which activities are eligible to run, and then runs them.
The Workflow Engine supports sophisticated workflow rules, including looping, branching,parallel flows, and sub-flows.
Oracle Workflow
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Workflow Definitions Loader The Workflow Definitions Loader is a utility program that
moves workflow definitions between database and corresponding flat file representations.
Can be used to move workflow definitions From a development to a production database To apply upgrades to existing definitions.
Workflow Definitions Loader is also integrated into Oracle Workflow Builder
It allows opening and saving workflow definitions in both a database and file.
Oracle Workflow
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Workflow Definitions Loader
Workflow Builder
Oracle 8 or higher
Workflow Engine
Workflow Loader
Process Definitions
Workflow Loader
Process Definition
Oracle Workflow
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Notification Systems (1 of 2)
Oracle Workflow lets you include users in your workflows to handle activities that cannot be automated, such as approvals for requisitions or sales orders.
Electronic notifications are routed to a role, which can be an individual user or a group of users. Any user associated with that role can act on the notification.
Each notification includes a message that contains all the information a user needs to make a decision.
Oracle Workflow
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Notification Systems (2 of 2)
The information may be embedded in the message body or attached as a separate document.
Oracle Workflow interprets each notification activity response to decide how to move on to the next workflow activity.
Web users can access a Notification Web page to see their outstanding work items, then navigate to additional pages to see more details or provide a response.
Oracle Workflow
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Viewing Notifications
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Viewing a Notification
Oracle Workflow
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What’s a Workflow Monitor? The Workflow Monitor displays an annotated view of the
process diagram for a particular instance of a workflow process.
Users can get a graphical depiction of their work item status.
It also displays a separate status summary for the work item, the process and each activity in the process.
Oracle Workflow
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Viewing Workflow Diagrams
Oracle Workflow
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Workflow Process Components
Oracle Workflow
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Oracle Workflow
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Oracle Workflow Builder
Oracle Workflow
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What does a Workflow comprise of?
Item Type A grouping of workflow components. All components
of a workflow process must be associated with a specific item type.
A grouping of all items of a category that share the same set of attributes
For e.g.: PO Requisition is an Item Type used to group all PO requisitions created. It is like defining a Class in Java
Item Type simply represents various processes put together to complete a business process
Oracle Workflow
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What does a Workflow comprise of? Item
A specific process or transaction managed by WF process ( Item Type). Like instance of a class is Object. A specific run of Leave Request Process will be referred to as Item. Each PO approved through PO Approval Process will be an Item.
Attributes These are the various input or output variables that are
needed by the business process Text, Number, Date, URL, Role, Attribute, Document,
Lookup, Form are some of the attribute types. Form type attribute is relevant only for the version of
Oracle Workflow embedded in Oracle Applications. Lookup Type: List of values ( ie. Lookup codes) that can
be referenced by any component or Attribute.
Oracle Workflow
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General Workflow Terminology Activities
An activity is a unit of work that contributes toward the accomplishment of a process. An activity can be a notification, a function, an event, or a process.
Activities are the actions performed during the business process
Function Activity: Automated unit of work defined as a PL/SQL stored procedure.
Notification Activity: Activity that sends a message to a performer.
Node An instance of an activity in a process diagram.
Oracle Workflow
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General Workflow Terminology Notification
An instance of a message delivered to a user Message:
The message may request the performer, the role receiving the message to do some work or may simply provide information. Each notification carries a message with it which is the actual text of the notification
Performer A user/role assigned to perform a particular (human)
activity. Generally, assigned to a notification Role
One or more users grouped by a common responsibility or position
Oracle Workflow
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General Workflow Terminology Lookup type
A predefined list of values used to interact with users or define the results of an activity
Lookup Code An internal name of a value defined in lookup
type
Result Type The name of the lookup type that contains an
activity’s possible result values. Result Type requires Lookup Type to identify result that can occur on completion of the activity.
Oracle Workflow
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General Workflow Terminology Timeout
The amount of time during which a notification activity must be performed before the WF engine transitions to an alternate activity (if defined) or error process.
Transition The relationship between completion of one activity
and initialization of another activity. (Arrows) Persistence Type
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Process Activity Process Activity: A process activity represents a
collection of activities in a specific relationship. When a process activity is contained in another
process it is called a sub-process. In other words, activities in a process can also be processes themselves.
There is no restriction on the depth of this hierarchy. Activity contain suprocesses, notification and functions.
Oracle Workflow
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Persistence Type Persistence Type : Permanent, Temporary and Synchronous When you define an item type, you must also specify its
persistence type. The persistence type controls how long a status audit trail is maintained for each instance of the item type.
If you set Persistence to Permanent, the runtime status information is maintained indefinitely until you specifically purge the information by calling the procedure WF_PURGE.TotalPerm( ).
If you set an item type’s Persistence to Temporary, you must also specify the number of days of persistence. The status audit trail for each instance of a Temporary item type is maintained for at least ’n’ days of persistence after its completion date. After the ’n’ days of persistence, you can then use any of the WF_PURGE APIs to purge the item type’s runtime status information.
Oracle Workflow
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General Terminology & Concepts Standard Activities Oracle Workflow provides some generic activities you can use
to control your process. The activities are associated with the Standard item type but
can be used within any process you define. The Standard item type is automatically installed on your Oracle Workflow server.
You can also access the Standard item type from the file wfstd.wft START/END AND/OR Activities Comparison Activities ( Time, Numbers, Strings
comparisons) WAIT Activity Block Activity Launch Process
Oracle Workflow
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General Terminology and Concepts Workflow Roles : Oracle Workflow roles are stored in the
database, in the Oracle Workflow directory service. While creating WFs developer can load Roles from the
database by connecting to the database. Performer ( recipient) must be assigned to a Notification
Node activity. The performer can be a designated role or an item type attribute that dynamically returns a role. To assign a performer to a role, you must initially load the roles from your Oracle Workflow database into your Oracle Workflow Builder session.
Oracle Workflow Directory Services uses following views to access the roles definition WF_USERS WF_ROLES WF_USER_ROLES
Oracle Workflow
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General Workflow Terminology Access Level
A numeric value ranging from 0 – 1000 defining at which level the user operates and whether the user can modify the workflow definition
Protection Level A numeric value ranging from 0 – 1000 that
represents who the workflow definition is protected from for modification
Access levels and Protection levels work in collaboration to decide who can modify what in an Oracle Workflow.
These concepts will be discussed in more depth in the later parts of the session.
Oracle Workflow
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Business Event An event activity represents a business event from the
Business Event System within a workflow process.
Include event activities in workflow processes, to model complex processing or routing logic for business events beyond the standard event subscription options of running a function or sending the event to a predefined agent.
An event activity can either receive, raise, or send a business event.
Oracle Workflow
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Events A business event is an occurrence in an internet or
intranet application or program that might be significant to other objects in a system or to external agents. For instance, the creation of a purchase order is an example of a business event in a purchasing application. You can define your significant events in the Event Manager.
Oracle Workflow
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Function activity A function activity is defined by the PL/SQL stored
procedure or an external program that it calls. Function activities are typically used to perform fully
automated steps in the process. As a PL/SQL stored procedure, a function activity accepts standard arguments and can return a completion result.
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Cost in Function Activity Cost in Function Activity
Each function activity and event activity has a cost associated with it.
The cost is a value representing the number of seconds it takes for the Workflow Engine to execute the activity. If you do not know how long it takes for the Workflow Engine to perform the activity, you can enter an estimated cost and update it later as you accumulate more information about its performance. Generally, you should assign complex, long running activities a high cost.
You can define your Workflow Engine to defer activities with a cost higher than a designated threshold to a background process.
The default threshold for the Workflow Engine is 50 hundredths of a second. Activities with a cost higher than this are deferred to background engines.
Oracle Workflow
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Building a simple standalone WorkflowProject Status Notification Workflow
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Steps to build a Workflow Plan your business process Create the components of your workflow in the
navigator window using Quick Start Wizard. You can use the WFSTD item type for predefined
components like lookup types and functions. Create the process diagram by dragging the
components into the process window. Save and Launch your work flow
Oracle Workflow
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Methods in designing a Workflow Top–Down Design
If you prefer to approach your design from a high level, you can first sketch out the process diagram with activities, then go back later to create the supporting objects for each activity
Bottom–Up Design If you prefer to take a more programmatic approach
to your design, you can first define each of the supporting objects of your process before attempting to create a higher level process diagram.
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Designing a simple Workflow (1 of 2)
Start Oracle Workflow Builder Workflow Builder Icon will exist in Oracle for Windows
group
Create a new workspace for your new process definition. Click on File->New to create a new workspace (Data
Store)
Create a new item type. This classifies the work item to be managed by your
process.
Define item type attributes
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Designing a simple Workflow (2 of 2)
Create new lookup types and assign lookup codes to them
Create new messages. Create a new process activity, notification activity or
function activity. Diagram the process. Save your work by choosing Save or Save As from the
File menu. If you use any PL/SQL procedures in function activities,
code that procedure into the database.
Refer to Exercise 1
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Testing your Workflow Oracle Workflow provides a web–based interface called
Launch Processes for you to test any workflow definition you define and save to the database.
Launch Process is accessible only to users belonging to the Workflow Administrator role.
Oracle Applications provides access to Launch Process menu to Workflow Administrator responsibility.
Oracle Workflow
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Testing your Workflow The Launch Processes page displays all the item type
definitions stored in the database except the Oracle Workflow seeded item types: Wferror, Wfmail, and Wfstd.
The internal name and description for each item type also appears. Select the item type that owns the workflow process definition you wish to test.
Note: Workflow should be saved in the database before you can select for launching
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Oracle Workflow
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Oracle Workflow
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To initiate an instance of a workflow process, you need to specify: A unique item key for the process instance. A user–defined key that you want to use to identify the
process. The name of the process to test. An optional process owner. Values for any item type attributes associated with the item
type of the process.
The Workflow Monitor Activities List for your initiated process instance appears. The Activities List displays the status of the activities that have been executed. You can also select the View Diagram button to display the status of the process graphically in the Workflow Monitor.
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Oracle Workflow
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Oracle Workflow
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Oracle Workflow
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View and Respond to Notifications
Oracle Workflow
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Workflow Definition Loader Rather than use the File Save or File Open menu options
in Oracle Workflow Builder, you can also run a program called Workflow Definitions Loader to save or load process definitions from a database or flat file.
The Workflow Definitions Loader program is located on your server in the bin subdirectory of the Oracle Workflow directory structure.
In Oracle Apps rather than use the Submit Requests form, you can also run the Workflow Definitions Loader concurrent program from the command line by entering the following commands: To upgrade— WFLOAD apps/pwd 0 Y UPGRADE file.wft To upload— WFLOAD apps/pwd 0 Y UPLOAD file.wft To force— WFLOAD apps/pwd 0 Y FORCE file.wft
Oracle Workflow
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To apply a seed data upgrade to a database from an input file :wfload <username/password@database> <input_file>
To upload process definitions from an input file to a database, type:wfload –u <username/password@database> <input_file>
The upload mode is useful to someone who is developing a workflow process.
To force an upload of the process definitions from an input file to a database regardless of an object’s protection level, type:
wfload –f <username/password@database> <input_file>
Oracle Workflow
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ConclusionBy now students would be knowing : The concepts of a Workflow Realized its advantage in automating and monitoring
Business Processes and the flexibility that it provides. Features of Oracle Workflow 2.6 Components of Oracle Workflow Components of a Workflow General Workflow terminology Designing a Workflow using Quick-Start Wizard
Oracle Workflow
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Exercises Scenario 1: Send a notification along with a message to
the client about the project status. Attributes:
Project Code (Text), Project Completion Date (Date) & Project Status(Text)
Oracle Workflow
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Exercises Scenario 2: Show selection of employees for a particular
project based on skill set of required level. Create a Lookup type with Oracle Apps and SAP as two transitions whereby different skill sets are assigned to message texts.
Attributes: Skill Set Message Text
Oracle Workflow
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QuizQ1. What executes a workflow processes?
a) Workflow Builderb) Workflow Monitorc) Workflow Engined) All of the above
Q2. What is the tool to develop workflow process definitions?a) Workflow Wizardb) Workflow Enginec) Workflow Builderd) None of the above
Oracle Workflow
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QuizQ3. What does Oracle use to deliver process-related
messages to the users?a) Workflow Builderb) Workflow Notification Systemc) Workflow Engined) All of the above
Q4. How many attribute data types are available in a Workflow? a) 8b) 6c) 10d) None of the above
Oracle Workflow
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QuizQ5. What is the use of Lookup Types and Lookup Codes?
a) Make decision on the basis of activityb) Create a link between two activitiesc) Provides user with a List of Valuesd) None of the above
Q6. How many R’s are available in Oracle Workflow? a) 3b) 5c) 4d) None of the above
Oracle Workflow
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QuizQ7. What are the standard function activities required for any
Workflow?
a) Begin & Endb) First & Lastc) Start & Endd) None of the above
Q8. What is the use of a Workflow Monitor?a) Audit the Workflowb) View the Result of the Workflowc) Check the progress of the Workflowd) All of the above
Oracle Workflow
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QuizQ9. Why are function activities required ?
a) To perform an automated unit of workb) To define a PL/SQL stored procedurec) Follows Standard API methodd) All of the above
Q10. What is the use of a Workflow definition loader a) Opening & Saving definitions in both database and file b) Is tightly integrated into Oracle Workflow Builderc) Contains Process Definitionsd) All of the above
Oracle Workflow
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QuizQ11. What is a Process Activity in a Workflow?
a) Collection of various activities in a specific relationshipb) Can consist of multiple sub-processesc) Depicts the Hierarchy of various activities & processesd) All of the above
Q12. What does a Business Event comprise of?a) Describe abstract datatypesb) Define Events & Event Groupsc) Raise Eventsd) All of the above
Oracle Workflow
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QuizQ13. Process window is visible only if there is at least one
process. Oracle Workflow cannot be saved if no process exists in Workflow definition?a) Trueb) False
Q14. Performer of a Notification is a required value that can be dynamically set at run-time but should be set immediately when workflow is started?a) Trueb) False
Oracle Workflow
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QuizQ15. Workflow definition files can be saved in a readable file
format?a) Trueb) False
Q16. Workflow monitor is a capability given to all users to ensure that they can check the status of their workflows?a) Trueb) False
Oracle Workflow
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QuizQ17. Notification will send mails to everyone associated to
responsibility that has been attached as performer in the workflow. All the users must see it so that workflow can proceed forward?a) Trueb) False
Q18. An Item is a specific process or transaction managed by WF process. Item Type will always have same set of attributes?a) Trueb) False
Oracle Workflow
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QuizQ19. For an activity to be initiated after completion of a
previous activity it requires a Transition to connect them?a) Trueb) False
Q20. For a user to respond to a notification, the message should contain an Attribute of source called respond. ?a) Trueb) False
Oracle Workflow
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AnswersThe answers are : Q1. Answer C Q2. Answer C Q3. Answer B Q4. Answer C Q5. Answer A Q6. Answer C Q7. Answer C Q8. Answer C Q9. Answer D Q10. Answer D
Q11. Answer D Q12. Answer D Q13. Answer B Q14. Answer B Q15. Answer A Q16. Answer B Q17. Answer B Q18. Answer A Q19. Answer A Q20. Answer A