Workflow and BPM in the New Enterprise Architecture

1 May 22-24, 2007

Washington Dulles HiltonThe Business Transformation Conference

Keith D SwensonVP, Fujitsu Computer SystemsTechnical Committee Chair, WfMC

Workflow and BPM in the New Enterprise Architecture

WelcomeWelcome

to Transformation and Innovation 2007 The Business Transformation Conference

2 May 22-24, 2007


Presentation Overview

Definitions of Terms

What is the Gap between Business and IT?– Humans vs. System Flow

How does Workflow bridge that?– Interfacing Humans to Systems

What Standards Exist to Support This?– BPMN, XPDL, BPEL

3 May 22-24, 2007


Considering your existing enterprise apps, how important are the following business problems?

Source: Forrester Survey of 145 Business and IT decision makers

• Inadequate support for cross functional processes

• Mismatch between application functionality and business reqs

• High cost compared to value

• Limits on process change due to application inflexibility

• Lack of visibility and analytic insight into process results

• Slow upgrade to new functionality

• Inability to support employees, partner, and customer collaboration

• Lack of industry specific functionality

• Inability to extend business processes to external partners

4 May 22-24, 2007


A Few DefinitionsBusiness Process - A set of one or more linked

procedures or activities which collectively realize a business objective or policy goal, normally within the context of an organizational structure defining functional roles and relationships.

Workflow - The automation of a business process, in whole or part, during which documents, information or tasks are passed from one participant to another for action, according to a set of procedural rules.

Ref: WFMC-TC-1011 http://wfmc.org/

5 May 22-24, 2007


A Few DefinitionsProcess Definition - The representation of a

business process in a form which supports automated manipulation, such as modeling, or enactment by a workflow management system. The process definition consists of a network of activities and their relationships, criteria to indicate the start and termination of the process, and information about the individual activities, such as participants, associated IT applications and data, etc.

6 May 22-24, 2007


Relationships of Key Concepts

7 May 22-24, 2007


One Last Definition

Business Process Management – The practice of developing, running, performance measuring, and simulating Business Processes to effect the continued improvement of those processes. Business Process Management is concerned with the lifecycle of the Process Definition.

8 May 22-24, 2007


Unfortunately, Industry not Consistent

WS-BPEL has received a lot of attention recently to the benefit of a few key vendors.

Now people are learning the truth -- it handles only a small part of the space.

While clearly important for Orchestration, positioned as something business related only confuses the market.

9 May 22-24, 2007


What is “Human” BPM?

Because of all the inconsistent uses of the term “BPM” to mean only invoked web services, we now talk about “Human” BPM to stress the complete picture of both manual & automated activities.

Workflow also include the concept of manual & automated activities is used interchangeably with “Human” BPM.

10

What is the GapBetween Business & IT?

11 May 22-24, 2007


Business & IT -- Two Different Audiences

Business

IT

Concerned with only those goals that can be translated into tested,

reliable, secure systems

Concerned with business goals both manual & automatable Social structures,

working hours, vacation schedules,

learning skills, changing positions

Systemstructure,

7x24, scalability

System to system. platform

independence robust & fully automated.

User interface, choosing among

list of tasks, reassigning,

manual handling of exceptional

occasions.

Change processes

in days

Change processes in months

? ? ? ? ? ?

Legacy CRM ERP Supply Chain

Sales Marketing

Finance Procurement

12 May 22-24, 2007

Washington Dulles HiltonThe Business Transformation ConferenceCRMLegacy ERP Supply Chain

The Bridge Between Human & System

Sales Marketing

Finance Procurement

Human BPM / Workflow

Business

IT

Enterprise Service BusWeb Service Orchestration

Presents the right user interface, to the right person at the right time.

Notifies & reminds people

Automated activities make calls to the ESB and Composite Services in response to user actions.

EAIComposite ServicesWS-Orchestration

Web Services ResourcesAdapters

FormsGUI

RolesAssignee ExpressionsTimers

13 May 22-24, 2007


What is the purpose of BPM / Workflow

Place in the hands of business professionals the ability to modify their processes, with no involvement from the IT organization

– Michael Melenovsky, Gartner

... process changes are made by business professionals who need only limited knowledge of IT systems. In a growing number of cases, changes such as work item routing, business rule overrides, and parametric changes to approval levels, are made in real time to executing process.

– Janelle Hill, Gartner

14 May 22-24, 2007


Where is it Going?

By 2009, 20 percent of business processes in the Global 2000 will be supported on BPMS[*]. These processes will be predominantly those that involve a lot of human work, that differentiate the company from its competitors and that are poorly supported by existing IT systems (0.7 probability).

– Janelle Hill, Gartner

* BPMS is defined as a suite that handles both human and system processes.

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How Does Workflow Bridgethe Gap?

16 May 22-24, 2007


1990 Workflow in the Brain

Enterprise Application A “Account Management”

Backg

rou

nd

Ch

eck

Co

nfo

rma

nce G

uid

eline

s

ApplicationLogic

in MonolithicProgram

UI“Screens”

listAccts

newAcct

updateAcct

deleteAcct

17 May 22-24, 2007


backgroundcheck

createaccount

checkguidelines

Human BPM/Workflow:

1993 Workflow Assist in Sequence


Backg

rou

nd

Ch

eck

Co

nfo

rma

nce R

ules

ApplicationLogic


UI“Screens”

listAccts

newAcct

updateAcct

deleteAcct

LaunchesUI

User accessesoriginal UI directly

18 May 22-24, 2007


1996 Distribute Work


Backg

rou

nd

Ch

eck

Co

nfo

rma

nce R

ules

ApplicationLogic


UI“Screens”

listAccts

newAcct

updateAcct

deleteAcct

backgroundcheck

createaccount

checkguidelines

Launches

19 May 22-24, 2007


2002 Integration thru Web Services


Backg

rou

nd

Ch

eck

Co

nfo

rma

nce R

ules

ApplicationLogic

Service Oriented

Architecture

ExposedWeb

Serviceslist

AcctsnewAcct

updateAcct

deleteAcct

enterinfo

createaccount

bgcheck

rules Review

UI connects user to process engine, not

the back-end applications

20 May 22-24, 2007


Old

Ru

les

2005 Composite Services = Agility


Backg

rou

nd

New

Ru

les

listAccts

newAcct

updateAcct

deleteAcct

enterinfo

createaccount

call 1 Review

ESB / BPEL

ApplicationLogic

ExposedWeb

Services

CompositeService

21 May 22-24, 2007


Old

Ru

les

2005 Composite Services = Agility

Backg

rou

nd

New

Ru

les

listAccts

newAcct

updateAcct

deleteAcct

enterinfo

createaccount

call 1 Review

ESB / BPEL

ApplicationLogic

ExposedWeb

Services

CompositeServices

22 May 22-24, 2007


Human Activities Have Three Phases

Review

Automated phase beforeto prepare for the task

Wait phase for Human to do the work,includes timers andescalation logic

Automated phase afterto take care of resultsof the task

User Interface(while waiting)

23 May 22-24, 2007


2008 Simplify as “Human Steps”


Backg

rou

nd

Co

nfo

rma

nce R

ules

ApplicationLogic

ExposedWeb

Services

listAccts

newAcct

updateAcct

deleteAcct

call 1 Review

ESB / BPEL

enterinfo

CompositeService

To People:Looks liketwo steps!

Much simpler.

24 May 22-24, 2007


Separation of Responsibility


Backg

rou

nd

Ru

les

listAccts

newAcct

updateAcct

deleteAcct

ESB / BPEL

call 1 Reviewenterinfo

Business Retains Control of• Assignment of Responsibility• Groups, Roles, Skills• Deadlines• Alerts, Reminders, Escalations• Order of Tasks• Addition of Manual Tasks• User Interface

IT Retains Control of• Computational Logic• Data Representations• Scalability / Performance• Interoperability• Master Data Management

25 May 22-24, 2007


Who?

When?

What?

How?

Separation of DevelopmentBusiness Retains Control of• Assignment of Responsibility• Groups, Roles, Skills• Deadlines• Alerts, Reminders, Escalations• Order of Tasks• Addition of Manual Tasks• User Interface

IT Retains Control of• Computational Logic• Data Representations• Scalability / Performance• Interoperability• Master Data Management

Depends strongly on who is in each organization.

Changes on daily basis

Organizational Culture

Optimize for each team

Respond to market or legislation

Related to Training, Experience

Requires expensive technical capabilities

Very low or no dependence upon the organizational culture

Knowledge of infrastructure

26 May 22-24, 2007


Step 1 Draw Human Process

Reviewenterinfo

First: a business analyst draws the “human” process

Business AnalystJohn

27 May 22-24, 2007


Step 2 Add Integration


Backg

rou

nd

Co

nfo

rma

nce R

ules

listAccts

newAcct

updateAcct

deleteAcct

call 1 Review

ESB / BPEL

enterinfo

IT Integration ExpertRobert

Second: ServiceInvocation Addedby IT Expert

28 May 22-24, 2007


Agility Business Driven Change


Backg

rou

nd

Ru

les

listAccts

newAcct

updateAcct

deleteAcct

call 1 Review

ESB / BPEL

enterinfo

legalcheck

News Flash!

Some otherbank sued!Need to respondquickly to avoid risk!

News Flash!

Some otherbank sued!Need to respondquickly to avoid risk!

29 May 22-24, 2007


When done right, successful BPM initiatives (herein referring to projects involving both business process analysis and the implementation of business process management software) change the entire notion of applications, by allowing core systems to respond to process context, rather than driving processes around the limits of technology.– Nathanial Palmer, Laura Mooney, 2006

30 May 22-24, 2007


Benefit Business Level Agility

Applications are no longer monolithic

UI is separated from the back end logic

The solution is built from “applications slices” sequenced by Human BPM

BPM determines the right person for the right task at the right time.– Business analyst is in control of this!

Business side can rearrange slices, and add in manual steps quickly

31

Standards Support

32 May 22-24, 2007


The Workflow Reference ModelProcess

Definition Tools

Administration & Monitoring

Tools

Interface 1

Interface 4 - Interoperability

Interface 5Workflow Enactment Service Other Workflow

Enactment Service(s)

WorklistHandler

Interface 3Interface 2

InvokedApplications

Tool Agent

Process Definition Import/Export

ClientApps

TypicallyWeb Services

WorkflowEngine(s)

WorkflowEngine(s)

see: www.wfmc.org/standards/docs/tc003v11.pdf

BPMN

XPDL

Wf-XML

SOAP

BPEL

33 May 22-24, 2007


WfMC Reference ModelInterface 1 – Process Definition Tools

– Definition of a standard interface between process definition and modeling tools and the work flow engine(s).

Interface 2 – Workflow Enactment– Definition of APIs for client applications to request services

from the workflow engine to control the progression of processes, activities and work-items.

Interface 3 – Invoked Applications– A standard interface definition of APIs to allow the workflow

engine to invoke a variety of applications, through common agent software.

Interface 4 – Other Workflow Enactment Services– Definition of workflow interoperability models and the

corresponding standards to support interworking.

Interface 5 – Administration and Monitoring Tools– The definition of monitoring and control functions.

34 May 22-24, 2007


Process Definition Process Execution

NotationNotation

UML AD BPMN

Repository & DiscoveryRepository & Discovery

UDDI

AssuranceAssurance

WS-Security SAML

FormatsFormats

BPDM XPDL BPSS CPA/CPP BPR

Transport ReliabilityTransport Reliability

ebXML-RM WS-RM ...

Transport LayerTransport Layer

HTTP JMS ...

Data FormatData Format

XML

EncodingEncoding

SOAP / AttachmentsWS-Addressing

Data DefinitionData Definition

XML-Schema

End Point DefinitionEnd Point Definition

WSDL

Process OrchestrationProcess Orchestration

Choreography DefinitionChoreography Definition

WS-C(concrete) WS-BPEL (abstract)

Monitoring & AuditMonitoring & Audit

WfMC IF5

Runtime InteractionRuntime Interaction

Wf-XML

ASAP

WfMCWAPI

Process State NotationProcess State Notation

WfMC Process andActivity State Models

PresentationPresentation

X-Forms

BPRI

Industry Standards Stack

(concrete) WS-BPEL (abstract)

XPDL

BPMN

Wf-XML

ASAP

35 May 22-24, 2007


TimelineNovember

1998October

20021997

XPDL 1.0

October 2005

May2004

BPMN 1.0

1995

XPDL 2.0

WFMC

BPMI

1993

OASIS

OMG

ReferenceModel

Glossary

XML

WPDL

19961994 2000

BPEL

Wf-XML Wf-XML 2.0

ASAP

36 May 22-24, 2007


BPMN - Modeling Notation

37 May 22-24, 2007


XPDL: Process Definition InterchangeAllow tools to exchange process models

between – components in a Workflow/BPM Products– different BPM/Workflow Products– Process Modeling / Simulation tools and

BPM/Workflow Products

Implemented by commercial products

Full support for BPMN

Interoperability demonstrated by WfMC member organizations at public events

38 May 22-24, 2007


39 May 22-24, 2007


40 May 22-24, 2007


41 May 22-24, 2007


BPEL For BPM?

“From day one, BPM has sought to make process design directly accessible to business analysts, but today’s BPEL process models are for the most part undecipherable to non-programmers.”

- Bruce Silver, “The 2006 BPMS Report: Understanding and Evaluating BPM Suites”

42 May 22-24, 2007


Design Interchange vs. Executable

XPDLDesign Tool A

ExecutionEngine A

BPEL,XPDL,

or someengine

specific format

Design Tool B

ExecutionEngine B

BPEL,XPDL,or someengine specific format

X

This path

generallynot possible tosupport

43 May 22-24, 2007


How BPEL and XPDL RelateBPEL is an “executable” language

– Includes only executable operations

– Does not contain the graphical diagram

Many Engines have proprietary formats– They have a design tool

– Even BPEL engines have proprietary extensions

XPDL is a design interchange format that represents the graphical diagram– Includes metadata about executable aspects

It is generally not possible to design a process with a tool from one vendor and execute it in another vendor’s engine– But exchange between design tools is possible

44 May 22-24, 2007


Ven

dor

B

Vendor C

Process Design Ecosystem

Design Tool

Design Tool

ModelingTools

OptimizationTools

SimulationTools

ExecutionEngine

ExecutionEngine

BPELor someengine

specific format

BPELor someengine specific format

Repository(XPDL)

Vendor A

Vendor D

ASAP

Wf-XML

45 May 22-24, 2007


Process Design EcosystemAn ecosystem of process tools at design level:

– Business oriented and developer oriented modelers

– Simulation tools & optimization tools– Analysis tools– Professional business modeling tools– Conversions to/from other formats like Visio

XPDL is a common standard interchange format between these tools

Each tool extends XPDL for its use– Tools understand a common subset of each other– All tools understand basics; the graphical diagram

46 May 22-24, 2007


XPDL Support in Market

47 May 22-24, 2007


Over 60 XPDL Implementations…Adobe –

Adobe LiveCycle Workflow ADVANTYS - WorkflowGenAmazonas WorkflowAppian - EnterpriseArachnea - EverSuiteAscentn - AgilePoint ServerAspose Pty Ltd - Aspose.WorkflowBOC - ADONIS 3.7BEA - FuegoBrein BV - InProcesBonita v2.0Box UK - AmaxusCanto - CanFlowCapeVisionsCARNOT - Process EngineCHALEX - BPM FrameworkComActivity Cubetto ToolsetDessault Systems - ENOVIAEclaire Group –

Lynx Flow DesignerEMC Documentum -

ApplicationXtender WorkflowEmpresa Solutions - Kinnosa

WorkflowEnhydra Shark

OpenPagesOracle - 9i Warehouse BuilderPentahoProjekty Bankowe Polsoft –

BPB WorkflowProforma Corporation - ProVisionRodan Systems - OfficeObjects®

WorkflowSimprocessSoftware AG- crossvision BPMSpeechCycle - LevelOneTIBCO® - Staffware Process SuiteTogether Workflow EditorTransware - AmbassadorVignette –

Process Workflow ModelerW4 - BPM SuiteWfMOpenWorkflow::WfmcWorkflow4rZAPLET 3 - PROCESS BUILDERZynium - Byzio

Enhydra JaWEFinantix Studio (FXS)

Fujitsu - Interstage BPM

FileNet - Process ManagerGA CommunicationsGlobal 360 –

Business Optimzation ServerHOGA.PLIBM - FileNetIDS Scheer –

Business ArchitectIntegic –

e.POWER WorkManagerInterwoven - WorkRoute MPInfor - SSA Baan, SSA BPCS, SSA

MANMAN, SSAMasterpieceITP-Commerce –

Process Modeler ProfessionalIT PearlsjawFlowJenz & Partner GmbHKaisha-Tec - AvantageMetoda S.p.A - OpenMet BPMFMindfire SolutionsNautica Open Business Engine

48 May 22-24, 2007


FutureBPMN

– BPMI has become part of OMG• BPMN will be further developed within OMG.

XPDL– WfMC will continue to maintain XPDL– Will update based on

• BPMN evolution• Implementers comments

BPEL– Soon ratified standard from OASIS

49 May 22-24, 2007


Reuse Existing Process InfrastructureSales Process on Server A

Draft AproveLegal

ReviewClose

ContractSpecialist

TortSpecialist

ExecAnalyst

• Legal Review Process on Server B

Wf-XML& ASAPbased on SOAP

Standard Protocol between process engines allows oneprocess to reuse anotheracross technologies.

50 May 22-24, 2007


Finding BPMN, XPDL and BPEL Info

WfMC Website– http://www.wfmc.org– http://www.wfmc.org/standards/XPDL.htm

OMG Website– http://www,omg.org– http://www.bpmn.org

OASIS Website– http://www.oasis-open.org/

51 May 22-24, 2007


Finding XPDL-Related InformationWorkflow Handbook 2003:

– XPDL and BPMN– XPDL in Action

Workflow Handbook 2004:– Workflow Service Provider with XPDL

Workflow Handbook 2005: – A Comparison of XML Interchange Formats for Business

Process Modelling

Workflow Handbook 2006:– XPDL 2.0: Integrating Process Interchange and BPMN

Workflow Handbook 2007:– BPM and Service-Oriented Architecture Teamed Together

CDROM Companions – XPDL 2.0 specification with xpdl samples

52 May 22-24, 2007


SummaryNew structure for enterprise applications

– Separate “who” & “when”– From “what” & “how”

Key Benefits:– Business Level Control & Agility– Visibility: Monitoring & Tracking– Reuse & Adapt

Standards are key to interoperability– BPMN – the graphical notation– XPDL – the file format for design interchange

53 May 22-24, 2007


Thank YouThank YKith D SwensonVP Fujtisu Computer SystemsTechnical Committee Chair, WfMC

Contact Information:+1 408 859 [email protected]

ou Process Thought Leadership

Workflow and BPM in the New Enterprise Architecture

Business

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