Work Packages: 1. Technologies (combination of CSP and desalting technologies)

AQUA-CSPAQUA-CSP

Work Packages:

1. Technologies (combination of CSP and desalting technologies)

2. Water and Solar Energy Resources

3. Demand Side Scenario

4. Market Potential 2000-2050

5. Socio-Economic Impacts

6. Environmental Impacts

7. Literature

Final Report a la MED-CSP and TRANS-CSP by end 2007

AQUA-CSPAQUA-CSP WP 2: ResourcesNatural Water

Farming Systems1 Irrigated2 Highland Mixed3 Rainfed Mixed

4 Dryland Mixed5 Pastoral6 Sparse (arid)

AveragePrecipitationmm/year










Source: FAO 2007


0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

Kuwait

Palestine

UAE

Qatar

Libya

Saudi Arabia

Jordan

Bahrain

Yemen

Israel

Algeria

Oman

Tunisia

Egypt

Morocco

Lebanon

Syria

Iran

Iraq

Renewable Water per Inhabitant [m³/cap/y]

Water Poverty Demarcation Line

AQUA-CSPAQUA-CSP WP 2: ResourcesExploitable Natural Water

Renewable and Exploitable Water in MENA

Internal Renewable

Groundwater (km³/y)

Internal Renewable

Surface Water (km³/y)

Overlap: Surface and Groundwater

(km³/y)

Total Renewable

Water (actual) (km³/y)

Total Population in 2000 (million)

Total Renewable

Water (actual)

(m³/cap/y)Dependency

Ratio (%)

Exploitable Water (km³/y)

Morocco 10.0 22.0 3.0 29.0 29.2 993 0 20.0Algeria 1.4 9.8 0.0 11.6 30.5 380 3 7.9Tunisia 1.5 3.1 0.4 4.6 9.6 475 9 3.6Libyan Arab J amahirija 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.6 5.3 113 0 0.6Egypt 1.3 0.5 0.0 58.3 67.3 866 97 49.7North Africa 14.7 35.6 3.5 104.1 141.9 733 -- 81.8

Israel 0.5 0.3 0.0 1.7 6.1 274 55 1.64Palestine 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 3.2 19 18 0.06Jordan 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.9 5.0 176 23 0.88Lebanon 3.2 4.1 2.5 4.4 3.4 1297 1 2.19Syrian Arab Republic 4.2 4.8 2.0 26.3 16.8 1563 80 20.6Iran, Islamic Rep. of 49.3 97.3 18.1 137.5 66.4 2071 7 137.51Iraq 1.2 34.0 0.0 75.4 25.1 3005 53 75.42Western Asia 59.0 140.9 22.8 246.2 126.0 1954 -- 238.3

Oman 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 2.4 413 0 0.99Kuwait 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.2 9 100 0.02Qatar 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 83 4 0.05Saudi Arabia 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.4 21.5 112 0 2.4United Arab Emirates 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 3.2 47 0 0.15Yemen 1.5 4.0 1.4 4.1 17.9 229 0 4.1Bahrain 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.7 171 97 0.12Arabian Peninsula 4.8 7.3 4.4 7.8 48.5 161 -- 7.83

Total MENA 78.4 183.7 30.7 358.1 316.4 1132 -- 328.0

AQUA-CSPAQUA-CSP

COUNTRY AQUIFER SYSTEM

EXTENSION (km²)

ACCESSIBLE RESERVES

(Mm³)

CURRENT EXTRACTION

(Mm³/y)

STATIC DURATION (y)

Egypt, Libya Nubian Sandstone 2,200,000 10,220,000 4,500 2271

Algeria, Libya, Tunisia

North Western Sahara

1,000,000 1,280,000 2,560 500

Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, UAE

Various 250,000 2,185,000 18,200 120

Jordan Qa Disi Aquifer 3,000 6,250 170 37

WP 2: ResourcesFossil Groundwater

Nubian Sandstone History 1950-2000: 40 Bm³ (0.4%) pumped, water level 60 m down, 97 % of wells dry

Region Potential (million m3/year)

Usage in 2000 (million m3/year)

Reserves (million m3/year)

Delta 5,220 4,195 1,025

Valley 3,170 1,932 1,238

Western Desert 3,748 817 2,931

Eastern Desert 90 8 82

Sinai 210 89 121

North-West Coast 80 2 78

Total Egypt 12,518 7,043 5,475

AQUA-CSPAQUA-CSP WP 2: ResourcesSolar Energy for Desalination

Atlas of Direct Normal Irradiance from MED-CSP


Atlas of Exclusion Criteria for CSP from MED-CSP


Coastal Potential - Yemen (< 20 m a. s. l.)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1800

1900

2000

2100

2200

2300

2400

2500

2600

2700

2800

> 2800

DNI [kWh/m²/y]

Des

alin

atio

n P

oten

tial [

Bm

³/y]

DNI kWh/m²/y

Site exclusion for CSP

Sites below 20 m. a. s. l.

Case: Yemen

AQUA-CSPAQUA-CSP WP 2: ResourcesConclusions

Water poverty (< 1000 m³(cap/y) in all except 4 MENA countries

Exploitable natural water 328 Bm³/y

Plenty fossil groundwater but only small part exploitable

Huge solar energy resource available in all MENA countries

CSP-Potential for non-conventional water from seawater desalination available

Work Packages: 1. Technologies (combination of CSP and desalting technologies)

Documents

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