Work and Self Development Chapters 1 and 2 Weeks 2 and 3.

Work and Self Work and Self DevelopmentDevelopment

Chapters 1 and 2Chapters 1 and 2

Weeks 2 and 3Weeks 2 and 3

Work and Self DevelopmentWork and Self Development

Younkins (2005) writes on AristotleYounkins (2005) writes on Aristotle Human action is voluntary and requires thought Human action is voluntary and requires thought

and “deliberation.”and “deliberation.” ““Human begins seek to fulfill their perfection via Human begins seek to fulfill their perfection via

action.”action.” Economics is the physical and mental convergence Economics is the physical and mental convergence

of a human being.of a human being. Cavanaugh (1998) explains that, on work Cavanaugh (1998) explains that, on work

itself, Aristotle and Plato demean labor, trade, itself, Aristotle and Plato demean labor, trade, and craftsand crafts


In the U.S. the evolution of the value and In the U.S. the evolution of the value and meaning of “work” is greatly influenced by meaning of “work” is greatly influenced by Christianity (Cavanaugh, 1998)Christianity (Cavanaugh, 1998) Work as necessity in caring for self and othersWork as necessity in caring for self and others Work as praise, belief and serviceWork as praise, belief and service Work to live but not to hoard profit, fight greedWork to live but not to hoard profit, fight greed


Locke, politician and philosopher, wrote on Locke, politician and philosopher, wrote on natural rights such as property ownership natural rights such as property ownership through workthrough work

Rosseau wrote the Rosseau wrote the Social ContractSocial Contract to explain to explain balance of individual rights and organized balance of individual rights and organized governments to ensure people’s freedomgovernments to ensure people’s freedom


Societies across the globe differ in terms of Societies across the globe differ in terms of influence and thought:influence and thought: Diop, physicist and historian, wrote on African Diop, physicist and historian, wrote on African

philosophy as basis for many subsequent advances philosophy as basis for many subsequent advances in mathematics and sciencein mathematics and science

Freire, educator and author, refuted a class-based Freire, educator and author, refuted a class-based society and the “banking model of education”society and the “banking model of education”

Frankl, psychiatrist and author, explores the Frankl, psychiatrist and author, explores the pursuit of a meaningful lifepursuit of a meaningful life

Work and Self DevelopmentWork and Self Development ““For success, like happiness, cannot be For success, like happiness, cannot be

pursued; it must ensue, and it only does so as pursued; it must ensue, and it only does so as the unintended side-effect of one’s personal the unintended side-effect of one’s personal dedication to a cause greater than oneself or as dedication to a cause greater than oneself or as the by-product of one’s surrender to a person the by-product of one’s surrender to a person other than oneself. Happiness must happen, other than oneself. Happiness must happen, and the same holds for success: you have to let and the same holds for success: you have to let it happen by not caring about it.”it happen by not caring about it.” Frankl (1984), “Man’s search for meaning.”Frankl (1984), “Man’s search for meaning.”


What is success?What is success?

And how do you measure it?And how do you measure it?


Success vs. Personal FulfillmentSuccess vs. Personal Fulfillment

How does your definition of success differ How does your definition of success differ from the author’s?from the author’s?


self-awarenessself-awareness

How does it fit with other ingredients for success?How does it fit with other ingredients for success?

Examine each factor or “ingredient” and determine a Examine each factor or “ingredient” and determine a specific behavior (that you could reasonably do) that specific behavior (that you could reasonably do) that

illustrates the factorillustrates the factor


Who do you know that is “successful?”Who do you know that is “successful?”

AttitudesAttitudes BehaviorsBehaviors Keys to their success (assess the person in terms of Keys to their success (assess the person in terms of

self-awareness, self-direction, self-esteem, positive self-awareness, self-direction, self-esteem, positive thinking, self-discipline, self-motivation and thinking, self-discipline, self-motivation and positive relationships)positive relationships)


On a scale of 1 (very little) to 5 (very strong):On a scale of 1 (very little) to 5 (very strong): self-awarenessself-awareness self-directionself-direction self-esteemself-esteem positive thinkingpositive thinking self-disciplineself-discipline self-motivationself-motivation positive relationshipspositive relationships

Work and Self DevelopmentWork and Self Development Now think about someone you know who is rather Now think about someone you know who is rather

unsuccessful. What conclusions can you make?unsuccessful. What conclusions can you make?

On a scale of 1 (very little) to 5 (very strong):On a scale of 1 (very little) to 5 (very strong): self-awarenessself-awareness self-directionself-direction self-esteemself-esteem positive thinkingpositive thinking self-disciplineself-discipline self-motivationself-motivation positive relationshipspositive relationships


How happy are you?How happy are you? Take Exercise 1.3 Take Exercise 1.3

What does “happiness” have to do with the What does “happiness” have to do with the ingredients for success?ingredients for success?


BehaviorBehavior ActingActing ImaginingImagining SensingSensing

More difficult to observe some behaviors than More difficult to observe some behaviors than othersothers


Self image (Personal journal 1.3)Self image (Personal journal 1.3) Self image is not what others seeSelf image is not what others see Describe the power of an accurate self-imageDescribe the power of an accurate self-image

Impression Management (self-presentation)Impression Management (self-presentation) AuthorityAuthority Bargaining or ExchangeBargaining or Exchange Upward appealUpward appeal Co-optationCo-optation Pressure/CoercionPressure/Coercion InspirationInspiration Personal AppealPersonal Appeal IngratiationIngratiation Rational PersuasionRational Persuasion Coalition FormationCoalition Formation


Self-imageSelf-image

IndividualIndividual RelationalRelational CollectiveCollective

Self image is impacted by what factors?Self image is impacted by what factors?


How do you develop an accurate self-image?How do you develop an accurate self-image? IntrospectIntrospect

Get feedbackGet feedback

Manage import of opinions’ of othersManage import of opinions’ of others

Self acceptanceSelf acceptance


Chapter 2 focuses on self-awareness and self-Chapter 2 focuses on self-awareness and self-honestyhonesty

Can you have self-awareness without self-Can you have self-awareness without self-honesty?honesty?

Does honesty mean accuracy?Does honesty mean accuracy?


Think about some of the terms the author uses Think about some of the terms the author uses such as:such as:

Self-awarenessSelf-awareness Self-honestySelf-honesty Self-acceptanceSelf-acceptance

Write a summary that instructs someone how Write a summary that instructs someone how to use these to become successful.to use these to become successful.


Values vs. ethicsValues vs. ethics Beliefs you choose to live by are valuesBeliefs you choose to live by are values Principles you develop or accept to guide your Principles you develop or accept to guide your

beliefs are ethicsbeliefs are ethics

Some people are more value-driven than Some people are more value-driven than othersothers

Circumstances and exceptions can be Circumstances and exceptions can be rationalized by the most value-driven personrationalized by the most value-driven person


ValuesValues AdventureAdventure FairnessFairness GenerosityGenerosity IntegrityIntegrity LearningLearning WealthWealth Etc.Etc.

Values defined by the authorValues defined by the author

Work and Self DevelopmentWork and Self Development ““I do not seek, I find.”I do not seek, I find.”

Pablo PicassoPablo Picasso

““Problems can’t be solved with the same Problems can’t be solved with the same consciousness that created them.”consciousness that created them.” Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein

Although our values have been influenced Although our values have been influenced extensively, we must define our value systemextensively, we must define our value system


Try a values inventory created by Dr. Tim Try a values inventory created by Dr. Tim PetersonPeterson

Purpose: spend some time thinking about what Purpose: spend some time thinking about what you value (or what you would like to value)you value (or what you would like to value)


Values, personality traits, skills and interests Values, personality traits, skills and interests are all important to self-awareness and self-are all important to self-awareness and self-definitiondefinition

Personality:Personality: Digman (1990) summarized research that tests 5 Digman (1990) summarized research that tests 5

prominent tendencies or social behaviors:prominent tendencies or social behaviors: Openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, Openness, conscientiousness, extroversion,

agreeableness, and emotional stabilityagreeableness, and emotional stability


Finally, skills and interests are defined:Finally, skills and interests are defined:

Skills – specific knowledge combined with Skills – specific knowledge combined with action, behaviors, steps of behaviors, abilities, action, behaviors, steps of behaviors, abilities, etc. that are valuable to attaining your goalsetc. that are valuable to attaining your goals

Interests – disciplines, fields, topics, activities, Interests – disciplines, fields, topics, activities, situations with which you prefer to spend time situations with which you prefer to spend time


Inventory your values, knowledge, skills, and Inventory your values, knowledge, skills, and interestsinterests

Values – top three from your values inventoryValues – top three from your values inventory Knowledge – summarize from memoryKnowledge – summarize from memory Skills – summarize from memorySkills – summarize from memory Interests – summarize from known preferencesInterests – summarize from known preferences

Work and Self DevelopmentWork and Self Development Smith’s Smith’s Wealth of Nations Wealth of Nations contends freedom of market contends freedom of market

activities, value of exchange and division of labor in pursuit of activities, value of exchange and division of labor in pursuit of efficiencyefficiency

Integrative influence of education, philosophy, and diversity in Integrative influence of education, philosophy, and diversity in society society

Influence upon attitudes toward work, value we place on Influence upon attitudes toward work, value we place on endeavors, money, success, and quality of lifeendeavors, money, success, and quality of life

““our daily living may itself become an art…only when the our daily living may itself become an art…only when the spirit of art rises from the roots of our mechanical age will it spirit of art rises from the roots of our mechanical age will it ‘redeem our civilization (Mary Parker Follett, 1930, ‘redeem our civilization (Mary Parker Follett, 1930, Creative Creative Experience, Experience, p. 87)p. 87)

GoalsGoals In Chapter 3, the authors presents a framework In Chapter 3, the authors presents a framework

for goal setting: SMARTfor goal setting: SMART

Regardless of the framework, remember:Regardless of the framework, remember: To keep goals visibleTo keep goals visible To record progress To record progress To break goals into small actionsTo break goals into small actions The personal meaning for setting the goalThe personal meaning for setting the goal That meaning may change (experience That meaning may change (experience self- self-

awareness)awareness)

GoalsGoals SMART GoalsSMART Goals

SpecificSpecific MeasurableMeasurable Achievable (in terms of actual completion)Achievable (in terms of actual completion) Realistic (in terms of values, interests, skills)Realistic (in terms of values, interests, skills) Time-related Time-related

GoalsGoals ““I want to start my own business.”I want to start my own business.”

Evaluate this statement in terms of Evaluate this statement in terms of S,M,A,R and TS,M,A,R and T

What is missing?What is missing? How can this statement be improved?How can this statement be improved?

GoalsGoals Goals can be a reflection of inspiration, Goals can be a reflection of inspiration,

dreams, and fulfilling a higher purposedreams, and fulfilling a higher purpose

That doesn’t mean attaining dreams is without That doesn’t mean attaining dreams is without stress or anxietystress or anxiety

Stress and StressorsStress and Stressors

Activating Event + Belief yieldsActivating Event + Belief yields

ConsequencesConsequences


Positive Coping MechanismsPositive Coping Mechanisms Negative Coping MechanismsNegative Coping Mechanisms

Problem-focusedProblem-focused Emotion-focusedEmotion-focused


Aggressive versus Assertive?Aggressive versus Assertive?

Aggressive or passive aggressive behavior Aggressive or passive aggressive behavior intends to harm another personintends to harm another person

Assertive behavior is self-protection without Assertive behavior is self-protection without purposeful injury to otherspurposeful injury to others

Work and Self Development Chapters 1 and 2 Weeks 2 and 3.

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Transcript of Work and Self Development Chapters 1 and 2 Weeks 2 and 3.