Word Splash – Write a few sentences about how the following terms are related
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Transcript of Word Splash – Write a few sentences about how the following terms are related
Word Splash – Write a few sentences about how the following terms are related
Hybrid orbitals
Lewis Structures
Bonding
Hybridization
Additional Notes
Structure and Bonding – sp3 orbitals
• Look at methane, CH4
• We must take a look at the 2s and 2p orbitals of carbon
• Carbon has two core electrons, and 4 valence• Look at the ground state electron
configuration
Structure and Bonding - sp3 orbitals
Structure and Bonding - sp3 orbitals
• Using the ground state configuration, carbon should only form two bonds
• Bc there are only two unpaired electrons:
• This is NOT STABLE! NO OCTET!• Does not work!
Structure and Bonding - sp3 orbitals• Second possibility: with energy, promote an electron in 2s to the
empty 2p orbital
• Still not good description! This means carbon would form two types of bonds: 3 bonds with the 2p orbitals and 1 bond with the 2s orbital
Structure and Bonding - sp3 orbitals
• Evidence shows that the four bonds in methane are identical
• We do not use pure s and pure p orbitals, instead we use hybrid of the two types of orbitals
Structure and Bonding – sp3 orbitals
• Hybridization of the 2s and three 2p orbitals produced four hybrid orbitals:
Structure and Bonding – sp3 orbitals
• Each bond in CH4 is formed by an overlap of one sp3 orbital of carbon with a 1s orbital from hydrogen
Structure and Bonding - sp2 orbitals
• One 2s orbital and two 2p orbitals form three sp2 hybrid orbitals, leaving one of the 2p orbitals unhybridized
Structure and Bonding - sp2 orbitals
• Let’s look at ethene, C2H4
Structure and Bonding – sp orbitals
• Let’s look at ethyne, C2H2
Summary
Summary