WORD WORD CONNECTIONSCONNECTIONS

(Liaisons)(Liaisons)

Read the ff. sentences. The last two sentences Read the ff. sentences. The last two sentences should be pronounced exactly the same, no matter should be pronounced exactly the same, no matter how they are written. It is the sound that is how they are written. It is the sound that is important, not the spelling.important, not the spelling.

The dime.The dime. The dime easier.The dime easier. They tell me the dime easier.They tell me the dime easier. They tell me the dime easier to understand.They tell me the dime easier to understand. They tell me that I’m easier to understand.They tell me that I’m easier to understand.

Words are connected in Words are connected in 4 main situations4 main situations::

1.1. Consonant / VowelConsonant / Vowel

2.2. Consonant/ ConsonantConsonant/ Consonant

3.3. Vowel/ VowelVowel/ Vowel

4.4. T, D, S, or Z + YT, D, S, or Z + Y

Liaison Rule # 1: Consonant VowelLiaison Rule # 1: Consonant Vowel Words are connected when a word ends in a Words are connected when a word ends in a

consonant sound and the next word starts with a consonant sound and the next word starts with a vowel sound, including the semivowels W,Y and vowel sound, including the semivowels W,Y and R.R.

Examples:Examples:

My name isMy name is (my nay-miz)(my nay-miz)

because I’vebecause I’ve (b’k’z(b’k’zäiv)äiv)

pick up on the American Intonationpick up on the American Intonation

(pi-k(pi-kәә pän the pän the(y) (y) әәmer’kmer’kәә nint nint әәnāshnāshәәn)n)

Spelling and Number Connections Spelling and Number Connections

You also use the liaison in spelling and You also use the liaison in spelling and numbers.numbers.

LA (Los Angeles)LA (Los Angeles) eh-layeh-lay

902-5050902-5050 nai-no-too fai-vo-fai-vonai-no-too fai-vo-fai-vo

Vowel vs ConsonantVowel vs Consonant

In pronunciation, a consonant In pronunciation, a consonant touches at some point in the touches at some point in the mouth. mouth.

A vowel on the other hand doesn’t A vowel on the other hand doesn’t touch anywhere. (That is why touch anywhere. (That is why W,Y,R anre semivowels, or W,Y,R anre semivowels, or glides.)glides.)

Consonant/Vowel Liaison PracticeConsonant/Vowel Liaison Practice

Connect the following words. On personal Connect the following words. On personal pronouns, it is common to drop the pronouns, it is common to drop the HH..

Ex. Hold onEx. Hold on hol donhol don

turn overturn over tur novertur nover

tell her I miss hertell her I miss her tellerI missertellerI misser

Exercises:Exercises:1.1. read only read only ______________________________2.2. fall offfall off ______________________________3.3. follow up on follow up on ______________________________4.4. come income in ______________________________5.5. call himcall him ______________________________6.6. sell itsell it ______________________________7.7. take outtake out ______________________________8.8. fade awayfade away ______________________________9.9. 6 – 0 6 – 0 ______________________________10.10. MAMA ______________________________

Liason Rule 2: Vowel/VowelLiason Rule 2: Vowel/Vowel

When a word ending in a vowel sound is When a word ending in a vowel sound is next to one beginning with a vowel sound, next to one beginning with a vowel sound, they are connected with a glide between they are connected with a glide between the two vowels.the two vowels.

A glide is wither a slight (y) sound or a A glide is wither a slight (y) sound or a slight (w) sound. slight (w) sound.

How do you know which one to use? This How do you know which one to use? This will take care of itself- the position your lips will take care of itself- the position your lips are in will dictate either (y) or (w).are in will dictate either (y) or (w).

Go away.Go away. Go Go (w)(w) away. away. I also need the other one. I also need the other one.

I I (y)(y) also need thee also need thee (y)(y) other one. other one.

If a word, end in (o) your lips are going to be If a word, end in (o) your lips are going to be in the forward position., so a (w) quite in the forward position., so a (w) quite naturally leads into the next vowel sound naturally leads into the next vowel sound

ExerciseExerciseAdd a (y) glide after an (e) sound, and a (w) glide Add a (y) glide after an (e) sound, and a (w) glide

after an (u) sound.after an (u) sound.1.1. Go anywhereGo anywhere ______________________________2.2. So honestSo honest3.3. Through ourThrough our4.4. You areYou are5.5. He isHe is6.6. Do I?Do I?7.7. I askedI asked8.8. To openTo open9.9. She alwaysShe always10.10. Too oftenToo often

Liaison Rule 3: Liaison Rule 3: Consonant/ConsonantConsonant/Consonant

Words are connected when a word ends in Words are connected when a word ends in a consonant sound and the next word a consonant sound and the next word starts with a consonant that is in a similar starts with a consonant that is in a similar position position

What is a similar position?What is a similar position?

3 Main Positions3 Main PositionsThe The LipsLipsBehind the Behind the TeethTeeth In the In the ThroatThroat

Consonants with similar positionConsonants with similar position

pp bb

ff vv

-- mm

-- ww

Behind the teeth

unvoiced voiced

tt dd

chch jj

-- ll

nn

ss zz

shsh zhzh

-- yy

kk gg

hh --

-- ngng

rr

At the LipsIn the throat

unvoiced unvoicedvoiced voiced

Consonant/Consonant ExamplesConsonant/Consonant Examples

I just didn’t get the chanceI just didn’t get the chance

[ I- jusdidn’t – ge[ I- jusdidn’t – ge(t)(t)the-cahnce.]the-cahnce.]

I’ve been late twice.I’ve been late twice.

[ I’vbinla[ I’vbinla(t)(t)twice.]twice.]

Liaison Rule 4: T,D,S,or Z +YLiaison Rule 4: T,D,S,or Z +Y

When the letter or sound of T, D, S, or Z When the letter or sound of T, D, S, or Z is followed by a word that starts with Y, or is followed by a word that starts with Y, or its sound, both sounds are connected. its sound, both sounds are connected.

These letters and sounds connect not only These letters and sounds connect not only with Y, but they do so as well woth the with Y, but they do so as well woth the initial unwritten [y].initial unwritten [y].

T + Y = CHT + Y = CH

What’s your What’s your namename?? [ w[ wәәchchәәrr namename]]

Can’t you Can’t you dodo it? it? [k[kænt chew ænt chew dodo(w)(w)it]it]

acactuallytually [[ækæk-chully]-chully]

Don’t you Don’t you likelike it? it? [don’t chew [don’t chew lyelye kit] kit]

WouldWouldn’t you?n’t you? [[woodwooden chew]en chew]

HaveHaven’t you? No, not n’t you? No, not yetyet.. [[hhææven chew?nou,nä ven chew?nou,nä chetchet

I’ll let you I’ll let you knowknow.. [I’ll let cha [I’ll let cha know]know]

Can Can I I get you a get you a drinkdrink?? [k’n[k’näi getchewäi getchewәә drinkdrink ] ]

T + Y = CHT + Y = CH

We thought you weren’t We thought you weren’t comingcoming [ we th[ we thä chew wrnt ä chew wrnt kkәәmminging]]I’ll bet you I’ll bet you tenten buck he forgot. buck he forgot. [[æl betcha ten buxee frgät] æl betcha ten buxee frgät]

Is Is thatthat your final your final answeranswer?? [[is tis thæhæchr fin’chr fin’lænlæn sr] sr]

nanaturaltural [n[næchr æchr әәll]]

perperpepetualtual [[perpech perpech әә(w)(w) әәll]]

virvirtualtual [[vrvrchchә ә (w)(w) әәll

T + Y = CHT + Y = CH

[ w[ wәәchchәәrr namename]]

[k[kænt chew ænt chew dodo(w)(w)it]it]

[[ækæk-chully]-chully]

[don’t chew [don’t chew lyelye kit] kit]

[[woodwooden chew]en chew]

[[hhææven chew?nou,nä ven chew?nou,nä chetchet

[I’ll let cha [I’ll let cha know]know]

[k’n[k’näi getchewäi getchewәә drinkdrink ] ]

[ we th[ we thä chew wrnt ä chew wrnt kkәәmminging]]

[[æl betcha ten buxee frgät] æl betcha ten buxee frgät]

[[is tis thæhæchr fin’chr fin’lænlæn sr] sr]

[n[næchr æchr әәll]]

[[perpech perpech әә(w)(w) әәll]]

[[vrvrchchә ә (w)(w) әәll

T + Y = CHT + Y = CH

What’s you What’s you namename??

Can’t you Can’t you dodo it? it?

acactuallytually

Don’t you Don’t you likelike it? it?

WouldWouldn’t you?n’t you?

HaveHaven’t you? No, not n’t you? No, not yetyet..

I’ll let you I’ll let you knowknow..

Can Can I I get you a get you a drinkdrink??

We thought you weren’t We thought you weren’t comingcoming

I’ll bet you I’ll bet you tenten buck he forgot. buck he forgot.

Is Is thatthat your final your final answeranswer??

nanaturaltural

perperpepetualtual

virvirtualtual

D + Y = JD + Y = JDid you Did you seesee it? it? didjdidjәә see see(y)(y)ititHow did you How did you likelike it? it? hæo jhæo jәә lyelye kit kit

Could you Could you telltell?? K’jK’jәә telltellWhere did you send your Where did you send your checkcheck?? wwεεrjrjәә senj senjәәr r checkcheckWhat did your What did your famfamily think?ily think? WWәәjer jer fæmfæmlee thinklee thinkDid you find your Did you find your keyskeys?? didjdidjәә fine jer fine jer keezkeez

We followed your insWe followed your instructructions.tions. We fWe fällow jerin strällow jerin strәәctionzctionz CongratuCongratulalations!tions! K’ngræj’ lationz K’ngræj’ lationz EduEducacationtion edjedjәә cacationtionindiindivividualdual indindәәvij vij әә(w) (w) әәllgradugraduaationtion græjgræjәә(w)(w)aationtion gragradualdual grgræjæjә ә (w) (w) әәll

D + Y = JD + Y = Jdidjdidjәә see see(y)(y)itit

hæo jhæo jәә lyelye kit kit

K’jK’jәә telltell

wwεεrjrjәә senj senjәәr r checkcheck

WWәәjer jer fæmfæmlee thinklee think

didjdidjәә fine jer fine jer keezkeez

We fWe fällow jerin strällow jerin strәәctionzctionz

K’ngræj’ lationz K’ngræj’ lationz

edjedjәә cacationtion

indindәәvij vij әә(w) (w) әәll

græjgræjәә(w)(w)aationtion grgræjæjә ә (w) (w) әәll

Did you Did you seesee it? it?

How did you How did you likelike it? it?

Could you Could you telltell??

Where did you send your Where did you send your checkcheck??

What did your What did your famfamily think?ily think?

Did you find your Did you find your keyskeys??

We followed your insWe followed your instructructions.tions.

CongratuCongratulalations!tions!

EduEducacationtion

indiindivividualdual

gradugraduaationtion

gragradualdual

S + Y = SHS + Y = SH

Yes,Yes, you are you are yesyeshu arehu areInInsursuranceance ininshushuranceranceBlessBless you! you! blesshblesshueuePress your Press your handshands together together pressure pressure hanzhanz d’gethr d’gethrCan you Can you dressdress yourself? yourself? k’new k’new dreshdreshier selfier selfYou can pass your You can pass your examsexams this this year.year.

yuk’n pæsher yuk’n pæsher egzæamzegzæamz thisheerthisheer

I’ll try to guess your I’ll try to guess your ageage æl trydæl trydәә geshier geshierageageLet him gas your Let him gas your car car for you.for you. leddim gæshier leddim gæshier carcar fr you fr you

S + Y = SHS + Y = SH

yesyeshu arehu are

ininshushurancerance

blesshblesshueue

pressure pressure hanzhanz d’gethr d’gethr

k’new k’new dreshdreshier selfier self

yuk’n pæsher yuk’n pæsher egzæamzegzæamz thisheerthisheer

æl trydæl trydәә geshier geshierageage

leddim gæshier leddim gæshier carcar fr you fr you

Yes,Yes, you are you are

InInsursuranceance

BlessBless you! you!

Press your Press your handshands together together

Can you Can you dressdress yourself? yourself?

You can pass your You can pass your examsexams this year. this year.

I’ll try to guess your I’ll try to guess your ageage

Let him gas your Let him gas your car car for you.for you.

Z + Y = ZHZ + Y = ZH

How’s your How’s your famfamily?ily? hhæozhier æozhier fæmfæmleeleeHow was your How was your triptrip?? hæo whæo wәәzhier tripzhier tripWho’s your Who’s your friendfriend?? hoozhier frendhoozhier frendWhere’s your Where’s your mommom?? wwεεrzh’r mämrzh’r mämWhen’s your When’s your birthbirthday?day? wwεεnzh’r nzh’r brthbrthdayday She says you are She says you are okok.. she sezhierou kayshe sezhierou kayWho does your Who does your hair.hair. hoo dhoo dәәzhier hzhier hεεr r cacasualsual Kæ zhyKæ zhyәә(w)(w) әәllvivisualsual vi zhyvi zhyәә(w)(w) әәll

hhæozhier æozhier fæmfæmleelee

hæo whæo wәәzhier tripzhier trip

hoozhier frendhoozhier frend

wwεεrzh’r mämrzh’r mäm

wwεεnzh’r nzh’r brthbrthdayday

she sezhierou kayshe sezhierou kay

hoo dhoo dәәzhier hzhier hεεr r

Kæ zhyKæ zhyәә(w)(w) әәll

vi zhyvi zhyәә(w)(w) әәll

How’s your How’s your famfamily?ily?

How was your How was your triptrip??

Who’s your Who’s your friendfriend??

Where’s your Where’s your mommom??

When’s your When’s your birthbirthday?day?

She says you are She says you are okok..

Who does your Who does your hair.hair.

cacasualsual

vivisualsual

Exercise:Exercise:1.1. Did youDid you ________________________________2.2. Who’s yourWho’s your ________________________________3.3. Just yourJust your ________________________________4.4. GestureGesture ________________________________5.5. Miss youMiss you ________________________________6.6. TissueTissue ________________________________7.7. Got yourGot your ________________________________8.8. Where’s yourWhere’s your ________________________________9.9. CongratulationsCongratulations ________________________________10.10. Had yourHad your ________________________________

Finding Liaisons and GlidesFinding Liaisons and GlidesHello, my name is ______. I’m taking American Accent Hello, my name is ______. I’m taking American Accent

Training. There's a lot to learn, but I hope to make it Training. There's a lot to learn, but I hope to make it as enjoyable as possible. I should pick up on the as enjoyable as possible. I should pick up on the American intonation pattern pretty easily, although the American intonation pattern pretty easily, although the only way to get it is to practice all of the time. I use only way to get it is to practice all of the time. I use the up and down , or peaks and valleys intonation the up and down , or peaks and valleys intonation more than I used to. I’ve been paying attention to more than I used to. I’ve been paying attention to pitch too. It’s like walking down a staircase. I’ve pitch too. It’s like walking down a staircase. I’ve been talking to a lot of Americans lately, and they tell been talking to a lot of Americans lately, and they tell me that I’m easier to understand. Anyway, I could go me that I’m easier to understand. Anyway, I could go on and on, but the important thing is to listen well and on and on, but the important thing is to listen well and sound good. Well, what do you think? Do I?sound good. Well, what do you think? Do I?

Practicing LiaisonPracticing LiaisonHeHello, llo, mymy nay miz _____. I’m taking nay miz _____. I’m takingәә merica merica

næccentnæccent(t)raining. There z(t)raining. There zәә lälättttәә learn, b learn, bәә däi däi hopehope t’ma t’ma ki desen ki desen joyjoyablez passible. ablez passible. II shd pi shd pi kkәәpän the pän the (y)(y) әәmerica nintmerica nintәәnanashshәәn pæddern pridyn pæddern pridy(y)(y)ezilyezily, älthough , älthough theethee(y)(y)onlyonly wayd waydәә gegeddidiz t’ prækti sällddidiz t’ prækti sällәәv th’ time. v th’ time. II(y)(y)use theeuse thee(y)(y)upup’n down, or ’n down, or peakpeaks’n valley zints’n valley zintәәnashnashәәn n more thmore thәә näi näi usedused to. Ivbn paying to. Ivbn payingәә tensh tenshәәn t’n t’pitch,toopitch,too. . Itsläi Itsläi kwälkwälking dow nking dow nәә stairstaircase. Ivbn case. Ivbn taltalking to(w)king to(w)әә läddläddәәvvәә mermerican zla(t)ely, ‘n they tell me the däiican zla(t)ely, ‘n they tell me the däimeemeezier zier to(w)underto(w)understæstændnd. . AnyAnyway, I could goway, I could go(w)(w)ää n nәә nän, nän, bu(t)theebu(t)thee(y)(y)imimporportant thingiz t’ tant thingiz t’ lislisәәnwellnwellәәn soun(d)n soun(d)goodgood. . Well, wWell, wәәddyddyϋϋ think? Do think? Do(w)(w)II? ?