WOOL PRODUCTION & HARVESTING · Spinning Count – hanks/lb (560y) ... –Long wool and carpet...
Transcript of WOOL PRODUCTION & HARVESTING · Spinning Count – hanks/lb (560y) ... –Long wool and carpet...
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WOOL PRODUCTION & HARVESTING
Shepherd’s Clinic Christen Jackson
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Wool Development
• Follices
– Primary
– Secondary
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Structure
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Structure
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Wool Quality
• Fiber Diameter
• Staple Length
• Fiber Strength
• % Colored
• Consistency
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Fiber Diameter
• Fineness
• Thickness of the wool fiber
• Measure in microns
– One millionth of a meter : µ
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Fiber Diameter
Fine $$$$
Crossbred
Medium
Long Coarse
Thicker Thinner
< 17µ > 40 µ
Grade refers to the relative diameter of the wool fibers (fineness).
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Fiber Diameter/Consistency
Short, dirty
Coarser
S
ho
rter
Britch
Breech
(hairy)
Short, dirty, kinky
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Fiber Length
Coarse wools are usually longer
than finer wools.
Fine
Long, coarse
Medium
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Fiber Length
Look for uniformity of length
Staple length adds weight to the fleece more than any other characteristic.
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Fiber Strength
• Strength of yarns
• “tender or broken wool”
• Causes
• Reduction in price
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Colored Fibers
• Black or Naturally Colored
• 10 fibers in 100 g of top wool
– Loss of 5 – 20%
• Separate black and whites
– Range: Markers
– Crossbreds
Black fiber
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Wool Grades
• Blood System
• Spin Count System
• Micron System
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Wool Grades
20 22 21 28 23 26 25 24 27 29 30 31
64 70 60 62 58 54 56 50
Fine 1/2 Blood 3/8 Blood 1/4 Blood
Micron – diameter of fiber (25400 per inch)
Blood – percent finewool breed
Spinning Count – hanks/lb (560y)
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Preparation Steps for Wool Quality Improvement
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Management
• Labor
• Space
• Necessary equipment
• Clean facilities
• Contact shearer
• Contact wool classer
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Prior to Shearing Day
• Pen in clean area
• With hold feed and water for at least 12 hours
• Separate by:
– Colored
– Breed
– Age
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Step 1: Minimize Wool Contamination
• Lowers overall yield • Quality of wool clip • Contaminants:
– Natural • Urine and feces
– Acquired • Vegetable Matter • Polypropylene twine • Colored fibers • Hair
– Applied • Paint brands • Copper sulfate stain
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Step 1: Continued
• Packaging/Labeling
– New packaging materials
– Proper labeling
• Grower name
• Line or type of wool
• Individual bag number
• Classer number (if applicable)
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Step 2: Sort Sheep Before Shearing and Package Wool Separately
• Categories
– Wool breeds
– Dual or general purpose breeds
– Meat breeds
– Long wool and carpet breeds
– Double coated and hair sheep crosses
– Black or naturally colored
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Step 3: Tags Out/Bellies Out Untied
• Remove belly wool
• Remove tags and top knots
• Fold fleece
Fleece Wool Belly Wool Locks/Tags
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Step 4: Full Table Skirt
• Skirting Table
– Remove inferior wool
• Stains
• Tags
• Belly wool
• Vegetable matter
• Trained help
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Step 5: Classing
• Only properly prepared wool
– Bellies Out Untied and Full Table Skirted
• Trained Personnel
• Grouping like wools
– Wool Quality
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Certified Wool Programs
• Shearers
– Certified Sheep Shearing Program
• Reduce contamination
• Shearing order
• Wool preparation
• Packaging and labeling
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Certified Wool Programs
• Producers
– Choice Wool Clip Program
– Premium Wool Clip Program
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Greasy vs. Clean Wool
• Greasy – Raw wool
– Unscoured
• Clean wool – Portion of dirty wool free of VM, grease and
mineral matter
– Qualitative: Grade
– Average fiber diameter or fineness
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Yield
• Clean wool present after scouring
• Expressed as a percentage
• Variable
– 40 – 70%
• Long wools
– Higher yields due to less grease
• Bulky
– Higher yields
Clean wool yield = Raw wool – shrinkage (VM, grease, impurities)
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Markets
• Buyers – Groenewolds
• Wool Pools and Co-ops – Valley Wool Growers
Association Inc.
– Mid-States Wool Growers Cooperative Association
• Warehouses
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Summary
• Bright future
• Simple steps
• Poly
• Take Responsibility
• Produce a Quality Product
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Questions?