Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase...
-
Upload
samantha-booth -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
2
Transcript of Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase...
![Page 1: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Woody Biomass Woody Biomass OverviewOverview
![Page 2: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Energy Demand
• Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years
• Fossil fuel will come from politically unstable countries or undesirable locations
• The US uses more fossil fuels than the next 5 highest consuming countries
• Fossil fuel-related energy costs continue to rise
![Page 3: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Climate Change
• Climate change is occurring• CO2 is one of several major
greenhouse gases• Climate change will impact
the planet’s ecosystems in ways we don’t fully understand
![Page 4: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Wildfires• Years of fire suppression have left forests
throughout the United States overstocked and in need of fuel load reduction
• Climate change, in places experiencing hotter, drier summers, may exacerbate this problem
![Page 5: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Situation Becomes Opportunity• Increasing population and needs
• Existing forest cover
• Currently fossil fuels are main energy source
• How many strategies can we use to improve the situation?
• Wood is one of many possibilities
![Page 6: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
So What is Woody Biomass?
Woody biomass is the accumulated mass, above and below ground, of the roots, wood, bark, and leaves of living and dead woody shrubs and trees.
![Page 7: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Potential Sources of Woody Biomass
• Urban waste wood Yard trimmings Storm damage
• Land-clearing debris
![Page 8: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
More Potential Sources of Woody Biomass
• Forestry residues Thinning for forest
health, wildfire risk reduction
Branches from harvesting
Processing residue
• Wood grown specifically for energy production
![Page 9: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Other Sources of Biomass• Agricultural Residues
– Food-based– Non Food-based– Perennial Grasses– Animal Waste
![Page 10: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Biomass availability in the U.S.
USDA/DOE, 2005
![Page 11: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Potential Benefits of Using Wood
• Additional wood market for landowners interested in sustainable forestry
• Forest management can: reduce wildfire behavior enhance forest health improve wildlife habitat
![Page 12: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
More Potential Benefits
• Wood is a domestically plentiful renewable resource
• Useful way to process “waste wood”
• Can produce lower levels of sulfur, nitrogen, and heavy metals such as mercury than
fossil fuels• Carbon neutral• Creates local jobs
![Page 13: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Understanding the Carbon Cycle
![Page 14: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Potential Concerns about Using Wood
• Reduced soil fertility• Long term sustainable yields• Habitat change
Potential Solutions:• Best management practices• Sustainable forestry• Forest certification
![Page 16: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Additional Concerns
• Unfamiliar technology• Cost, compared to alternatives
– Although cheaper than other renewables
![Page 17: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Transporting and Handling Biomass
• Delivering energy, not volume or weight, is the objective• Transport costs can exceed 50% of total costs• Energy values are lower than most traditional wood markets
—so the less handling the better
![Page 18: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
1. Size reduction and method of loading
2. Moisture and ash content
3. Energy content in actual Btus per dry ash-free pound
4. Payload capacities of transport vehicles
Four Major Factors Influencing Transport Costs
![Page 19: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Cheapest
Most
Expensive
•Harvest and process: $20-$30 per dry ton
•Transportation: $5-$12 per dry ton
Cost Assumptions for Wood SourcesAn Example
![Page 20: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
$-
$0.50
$1.00
$1.50
$2.00
$2.50
$3.00
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Trillion BTUs Per Year
$/M
Mb
tuLocal Biomass Supply Curve
1 trillion btus=9.8 MW=3,934-8,852 homes
Deerhaven Facility, FL
Other SE US communities
$-
$0.50
$1.00
$1.50
$2.00
$2.50
$3.00
$3.50
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 MW$-
$0.50
$1.00
$1.50
$2.00
$2.50
$3.00
$3.50
0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 Green Tons/year$-
$0.50
$1.00
$1.50
$2.00
$2.50
$3.00
$3.50
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000
Truckloads/year
Truckloads/year
$-
$0.50
$1.00
$1.50
$2.00
$2.50
$3.00
$3.50
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000
Homes/Year
Homes powered/year
![Page 21: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Thermochemical Processes
![Page 22: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Combustion Burning, or rapid oxidation, accompanied by release of energy in the form of heat and light.
![Page 23: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Differences in Burners
• Coal systems much larger Individual units 100 to 1000 MW Typically pulverize the coal and burn it in
suspension
• Biomass systems much smaller Typically 1 to 50 MW Typically burn on a grate
![Page 25: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Gasification
Gasification is a thermochemical process in which biomass at high heat is turned directly from a solid into a gaseous fuel called syngas (a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and some methane).
![Page 26: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Pyrolysis Pyrolysis is the thermal degradation of organic components in biomass in the absence of oxygen. Major products are oil, gas, and char.
![Page 27: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Bio-chemical Processes
![Page 28: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Aerobic Digestion
Aerobic digestion is a process in which bacteria use oxygen to convert organic material into carbon dioxide. Products include nutrient-rich fertilizers and composts.
![Page 29: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Anaerobic Digestion
Anaerobic Digestion is the decomposition of biomass by bacteria in the absence of oxygen. Biogas, or methane, is the primary product produced.
![Page 30: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
FermentationFermentation is a biological process in which enzymes produced by microorganisms cause chemical reactions to occur. Products include ethanol, commercial levels of therapeutic and research enzymes, antibiotics, and specialty chemicals.
![Page 31: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Products
![Page 32: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Woody Biomass Products
• Fiber• Building Materials• Chemicals• Fuels• Food
![Page 33: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Bio-based Chemicals
• Medicines • Enzymes• Non-petroleum based rubbers• De-icers• Liquid Smoke
![Page 34: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Bioenergy
• Energy produced from biomass including woody biomass, agricultural biomass, and other biological materials
• Includes electricity, heat, power, and transportation fuels
![Page 35: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Add summary
![Page 36: Woody Biomass Overview. Energy Demand Worldwide demand for fossil fuels projected to increase dramatically over the next 20 years Fossil fuel will come.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649e5c5503460f94b5454f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Questions?Questions?