Woodworking - The Complete Step-By-Step Guide to Skills, Techniques and 41 Projects - By Tom...

8/6/2019 Woodworking - The Complete Step-By-Step Guide to Skills, Techniques and 41 Projects - By Tom Carpenter

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The Complete Step-by-Step Guide to

Ski l ls, Techniques and Projects

BAUNES

&NOHL};

NE~ Y(l~K



T hi s 2 00 5 e dil ~t tm P llb iis he d by 1H3~tt' les&N!lJb]e. J . I l C - .

bJ ' flJ1T imgemel l l l: V"d i11 ' li r ld !1ueJ i CurpOff i1i lol l

A I] ri gh t'> r es erv ed , NO p;1 lrt · ( ! i f t h U s ptJibIk : i! J n u ! o l l m i J .y be n';p[mn~l~,

s '~Jr i 'i : ':JI l . . retf i~~1 S)'Sltetl], {it t j : ; ;m s : t ' ll i ~ r o C l , . ina1 'IY form o r ~ IIl'ry meaus ,

decllxmk, Inochll!~kal j)h~.;{]coiPyit"g,reciOl ' ( l i~~g·,illoHl e . .wu~e, .

witiilmlJt p1"iorwrithm 1 J e < 1 ' ii i is s : u O J i i from ':hoep!!.lb[isher;

Tom C : E ! ! r p e i l l 1 ' e r . n'l?att~i'€Daecto«

HeVl th e r Ke shi el , ,M (1 l '1ag l 'ng Ed i tor

lIenniif~ Wea!'\,~erliljjg, Sel,lif)j' Book D f .- 'W l op .me lU Com'llinwor

Tel;L'1l~Ma.1itm1,e, /look fJt?. '>'.~gI1 ,emil Pr:oil!£ction

~1."lrkJofuan~nn, .EdUm'

IO\] iD ~ " a J r ' y .Photo PIv.kiCti(N~CoordilJtlirDr

Ch ri s M ( J! rs h Il lU .Ed~€oritllCoordl~lmor

Ste \~e AlJ idersml , John In glish , K an t G haH <lri. Bm H yh.ru1. Jd T Jewitt, Ma r k J O h . 1 . : 1 1 S 0 : n , BrlJlc :e 'KcilfeD .'~Ch ris [ l > . f u I : ' S I J a l l l "

R ic hmd S re ve :l1 .. _Wri~el ' j

J o / l m : n D r i !; o r t, . l v : l a r t i N a u g h L : O l l 1 . BlI1Ne]!l(J[1. Design, AI'I' Direcfocmand P~~ctioN

KrutnII3 :~dey. R1'I]p~1Kiadm, M1lllk M ae cmo s i, T 1 I! dS f ld Io ri s, .Ph·(J<j '( )g~t lphy

' Jo:m De'\le~ly"R oOOT I G in n, JOl1111 N.a~alJ, Technical AdvLw1'. ' \ :

C];rug Oa.ey!>, Jobn Dr]got, Bruce K.¢iff¢[, ~iili.Ndson., Ctmlr:t lma'. lg Nlilstratol's

Tom D~V~i l lY>B o b G irlJ ], J(J]1 ,I-]eglil~R od M e ch em , lIRhii N adeau , E I:~JCSorensen, Hvjrtcilluilders

B all C a ry , T om O e- \1 f:lty .J O~ ~l Dr.igot, M < t! l~ .l o~ a ns oll , B r uc e K i 'd l'- er ; C h ris M ~ Js ha ~~ . R . o d ! Mf)c l te~111~? ' ro j ea Desi ' g /r e n ,

B rad fb ~n, Rod M ~¢he[ ' l1J,John Nadeau , Pr(MiucJ: i )oJlAssi.§tanCie

Sp ec ia l. U ! la n.k s W .: 'le fT Y C UJ 'e y an d ./.{m ice (;aute]!

ISBN·l3: 9178.{1·7@7·60l3-O

ISBN.~.O: (1..7601-6013·6



-- --

Chapter 1: Wo,r,kshopEssenitia.s I- ---

fu tt 'lo clluction , ... '. . . . . '. . , .' .. . . . . .. . .' . . . .' '. '" . . . . . '. . . . . '" . . . ,S

GIEN iERAJL WDRKSHO:P

Setting U p 81Thop .'., ... . , . . . . . • . . . . ... . . .. . . '" . . . . ., . .. , .10

Sruety Equijnnent .,.. '".,.,• . . . .,'". . .,"'. . . "'.. '. . .,. '". . . .,.,'". . ,12

Tips :for Dust CoUection .,'". . . .. . . . '"'". . .,. .. . . "'. ,. . . .,.,,. . .,1,5

Genej["al Tips for S h{ yp 'Io ol M W i :n ta na nc e 17

D efin ing H ardw oods &; S(d lw Qods .. '" . . . ., .. ,. . . . " ',. . . ., ., '" ,. ," ,1S'B'1l,ying Lumber .••. "'.•••..••• , .. '.• '... ' ••..•••... ' ..•. ,.22

Common Hard woods . . . .. . . . . . . . .' ..,t • • • • •• • .' • • • • s • .' •• ,.2,6

Common Softwoods .,'"'"... " " ... " '".. .,'"'".. .,... .,. .,'"'".. .,. .,28

-------- --- --

Chapter 2: Woodworlk~ngTools & Skills.---- ---

J:niroCll1lJl.ction • _ •. • • ." . ., ... • • . ." • . ... . " ' . '" '. • . .' . , . ., '" .31

M IE A S IU R IN C , M A IR IK IN G A , l L AYOUTTip (OJ [ ' Scrlbll1,g and Laying Out .. " ,. . .,33

nicks for Measuring &. Layout .,, '" ,., ,34

Drfl:wi:ng Curves & .Ares .,. . . . .. . . .,' '... . . . . .,35

CUTTING

Ctmooing & Usm.g Handsaws .'.' , '", , .,.. , '" , .,3'7

Band Saw & Jig Saw 131a008 ............,.. ,. . . ., . . . . . . .3S

Cutting with Circular Saws " " ," '"" 40

Two Techniques v o x Malting Plunge Cutouts , .' ... , 40

Tips for MaJring Curved Cutouts ..... . ... . . ... . . .. .. ... .... . .. . .4il

Tips for CuUiu,g 'with a Power lYlite'r Box , , , 42

Resawing Stock on. a Baud Saw.. ,.. , . . . . . , .. . .. . . . . ,. . .48

Tips & T€{;bJ~ktucs fbr Using YOU1 r ThbllieSaw 44

Cutting with Wood Chisels , , 48

Cutting PrQjceil;Parts. . . . ,. ... . .. . . . ........ . . "''" . . 50

Maldng ,Rip,'C lU r~8 ..• '...... " .... ' • •••• ' • • '...•••... ' ••••••• 52

R ip Cu:tl:in .g with a Circular S:ruw "..,...... ..,' . . , • . , , . . .54



Cltapter 2 : : : Woodworking T-ools & . Sk i l l s ,~ntmucd

WOOD JOI IME lRY

JQinellJf;C~ewo-d( V S. Fu rll.litu ll·e Jlill.ak ing .,. , .. . . •. . . . . , . . . . .56

Biseuit-Reinforced Butt Joints ,. , , , . , 60

Dowel-Heinfbreed Butt Joints.. . . .. . . . .. ,.. , .., 62

Dado & Rabbet J;o in trs _ , , ., ., , ,. , , , ..64

TOIl l .gu.e& Groove .Join.ts .... .. .. .. .., '" • • • • • . . • . . '" . . . • • •• ..,67'

Cutting Dovetail Jorn tsby H and[ ... ... . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . ..,68

Cutting Finger J,oints with a Jig .,' ,... .,.,"',.. . . . . .. . . . . ...72

M,aldng .M lQ :rlis& and~ teD !o :n Jo in ts .', ' ....••• ', 7,4Lap Joints .........."'..... '"..... ... . .,. . "'. . . . . .. . ... .. . ..80

DRILl , INlG

'Guidle to Cenunon Dl'iUB~ts . . . . . . . '. .. . . . . .. . .... , ,... .' .' .... 84-

Hel pHlllli Drillliing Glllidle:s. . ., . .. . . . . .. . ..... . . ... .. , . . ,... ..85

SHAPING

Thickness Planing' with a Hand Plane , 87

FbUowthe Grain as You Plane , , " ,"' , .. S8

'I'raditional Shaping Tho[s Have at Place ~nAny Shop .. ,.,. ,...89

Wc"rk. in .g with Rou ters . . .. . . . . . . , • • • ... . . . . ,. .' .' . + • • • • • , '00'

CLAM IP ING ,GLU I I I NG& FASTENING

Choosing Adl les i V'8S. • •. • . • • • • . •.• •.. . . • " •. . .. .. .. .. .. • • ••. 95

Clam.pl l in.g & G lu iin.gTedu riq !!. lles .... .,. . .. • • • . . . • T ' • • • • • • • !9 8

Gallery' of Clamps ,.. ... . . . . . . , , .. .. . . . ... . ........... .' . . ...00

SAN ID ING I & IF ' INII ISIHIINGSandn1J.g 8tirategies .,lJJ5

Sandler's, & Sam: t in .g 1Blocks.. . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . , .. .. . ... .,' .107

How Tol\t1aJkeCustom Sanding Blocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .,,108

Cabinet. Scrapers T ..'" • " • • " a T • • • • • • • ••• •.• • • • • • , • • • .•.109

Plugging Screw Counterhores _ 11'0

Bow 'I lo R e v ~ .ta 1 liz eH a r de n ed Paintbrushes , . ., . . . .,' ..114

Using Chemical Sb 'ipp e1 r 's .. . . .. .. . ... . . .. .. . .. .. .. . . .. . . .. _ ". . U _ _ 5



- ---

Chapter 3: Borne furn~shill1gs&; Accessories :,

Introduetien ... ... .. . a, • •• • , • ., s. a. • + '. , , ., • • • • • .,. • • • • '. .11. ,7 '

~ INDOOR P IU IRN IISH IINGS AN iD'ACCESSOR. IES,

Plant Stand ...., ,.,. . .,.,.... . .. . . . . .,. ..11.8

Library Bookends ...,. '. . . . . . . . . . . ..1.26

Oak C abinets ,. . . . • . . • • • . .,.,. . . .,.,. ..1-32

Mag.az,]lueRack .........,. .,. , .. .146

Nigl[t Sh llld . .. . . . ., . ., '. . .. " ... .. . ..,154

W ~'_'1~1_L~I"''''' ' j j C ' o ' q " . j . . . . . . . , . , , , , , . ll~, ,'1'C n, ~. .!lll~,EI ". '_.(.;ILL.! i C Il .t .' :A , ; ;; ;'i i i ., '" • • ., ~ , '. • ., , , -~

Mantel Clock . . . . .1.10Oval Picture Frame . .. . ... .. .," . . . .,.178

Disp,~ayCabinet .. , .,.... ," .... " .,, , ..~4

Shak,er=style Keepsake Box .. , :198

Jew(llry Box .,..... .,.... .. . . . .. .," .... . ".2.04·

Inlaid Tea.Tray. . . . . . " .,,.., . + .,' • .2:12

Ccrner Cupboard " . . .. . . .. . .,., . .:220

Collapsible Band Saw Basket " " .228

Spice Shelves ... . . ... . . . . . .,., . .234

CroSSCll lt Tr ivem I . . , . . • • • . , . , " • • . , . , • • • . , .240

Recipe HQIdl,er.. .' ... . .. .,. .. . . . . .244

Kui£e Storage Block " " , 250

JUSiIi FOR KIDS

I"T'd' '\1:1' '1 1C 'Icll. ""E:e; ) . . i l , Sf'" a iI. , ..' 0- -I . .. .. .. . . • .. .. . . .,. '. • . .. .....""""

B ll!:ildm g Bm ocks , . .... .... .... ,.. •• 2 ,00 '

Basic Beokease .. , 264

Schoo lhouse D esk+ • • • • • •• • • •.•

: 2 ,70 'Doub l eKd r awe r Chessboard . . . 2,7'8

Domino Sect . ... ... ,. .. ... . + • • • • .•:286

Booster Beneh 2,94

K id -silze lP i,cn ic T ab le '. . . e ., • • • . :2:98

OU1 i1DOO II' IF 'UR i N ITU IRE AN IDACCESSORIES" -_.",_ - - ~. ,_. ' ----

Plante .' ~041aTI_ irs .... •.• . . • • • . . . • • • . ..• • •• • .~ '_

Day TrippeiI' Chair & Table 3,12,

Ik ' IJs~cA.dif{lnd.ack Chair. . . . . . ..326

Th roe .Ceektai] TaMe 332

Por.cili. G lidel' . . . . ,. . .. . . . ,. .. . . . . .340

Poreh Swing' ...... . . . .. .. a • • • ••• • • .3·52

Full ..~helte1r Dogbouse 362Oaedcn Bench . -,., . . , . ; " . . a • • •• , .368

Potting Bench . ,.,. . . . . . . , . . s •• • • • • .3'7'6

Patio ThMe&Chairs 386

Picnic Table & Benches , ..394-

Sun Lcunger ...,.................. ...402.

Cedar Bird ~Beder ,. . . ., .. ... . . •. ..4,12

SNOP PtROJIECTS·

'Workbench .. ..... . . .... . ; , , 420,

Dehaxe T oo [ C h .e s t . . . . . .. ..4:28 ,

Index' . , . . ... . . .. . . . . ..., . , .442



6;

II

II



Weleome

W E L C O M E T O W O O D W O R K I N G

My U neW e i1 Da l'1 'e ma s b een ll:n ay ~d ,w oo d-

wO:rke:rS[lllC€ lve kllOWI1J.lilim" 'V{he!ll{HilleJ.·my

ra:m!.l! lyw(i ' l!lhl drive dewn . f e r a v isit while I w as

growing up, the flret plaee I wantedta ~oW~i:S,

always Darrel's worlrnhop,.ln Pl~epru',ationf(m'my

v ]s ii .t;.h eH ,s etam d ie a few s~aps ~ d Il:u to :lt'p ieces:ft~I 'me to HXp0r i rnent w,~th.AtlJrst 1 was only

allowed to use a ~OiPj i lJl:g ! 'Ji<llw.a 't~(;k Th),ammJ2X and a

fe w otl.1e:rih.altd tools th:e:t weren~tp<U'ti.CiUllar]y daa-

geJrUIJIS. Butes I giI"€W olderand more eXJ iWdenced .

he let :me use more powerful 'mo'],gand blllil,dmove

c omp le x p ro je ct .! !! ..

ID!Dl1'ing:~y sophomore ye.ar of high seheol, I

8pen~a weekend. with Unele DaD",eJhelp.ilinghim

build a futon frame fi10rn a bifchrl txee he"{j]felled

oulh.illsJ ;a nd ,t b :e :1 .l r o ugh - cu t andair ..dJ~edin hia

gal"~ge.I almost eriedwben" at tihe end ef the

weekend" he ,gave :~ito :ffi(;l!. I s~e:ptonll:hat fumn allthn}roghout ,college and I thought of il t often as il l

deve]npedrn.y i}\vn woodlw1or l ldng sk!iUsand. MaillIy

setup a shop ofmy O'l,Vl1. His not too interested 'in

woodw~!I'ldrhghbnseU;.ibut\vhen l r n ! Y srulP~son leaves

:fo JrooU ege in aeeup le ,o f years , b e "s l oo lc i: o; g f orw a rd

totOi tkJ ingthe fhwniltame with him.

W() ( )d iwm: l Idng is l i ketm~~. In. : fa c t, j lJ J s t abou t

~O'ne\Vho has hlenthe h(~iti~yooyond. the

oibrnjg,atof' 'ybiirdbJoll i,l;Sii;l~njIU01(1l" h : l l igh indus te ia lar ts

cl~s T h 1 , a s a ,SWJ"j' 11 i< !eth e on e I always, ' teU a O O r l ' I I J t

th e birch furton. Wh . e n :YQncraf t , S(),[[ f i "eth ing n-om

wend, Jthe [plJoceas lli}t onlytea.ohes you new s1k:ills

and.prov i d e @ , H. cre.ative outlet, itC~ ,gener~te an

hei:dOl:mJi . Or a t 'leest m1! oblflect tffitat's deb with

oo:m:imenta!l value.

Wnodworkhfig: 1'he Complete f3tep~by-Step G'uid€

to Skills, ~lmiq:uRs , and Projects is b o i U " ! < 1 . tra'fj)l;,her

ofakiHsand a snuree of W i 'le as,:fs a bo ut th e

p ro ee ss .a nC 1lth e p ro je ct.

lin thi .q book, you. wiLltilw all ofthe ITJ:lform:atlio!l

a nd jp l'I oj,e et plans y < : I 1 I . 1 need to develop a hobby

tliaJ1t;w i U . lass a. 1i~etlm€'.n : ",oumina g reat aclivice

on setting IIp your ewn wor:bhop and .SOHl!essen-

d.d baCkgn;)und infonnation YOIll'Uneadkt know

,aib[lu.tw l :H ]d . I t takes y l O i U I threugh aU t i n e basic

: : ; 1 k r u H ; : ; inth e ( li tt le r y c u l l l ' l l need . t he :r n, . ind1, ll id .~ng

tlteasuring" : rnar[ l !dng and ]aryifllt,then using CllttIng

;lli[l(1j ; ; " i l 1 ; < < l t p , i n g t oo rn _8o c re ' ~t fi ! ! ! O H d wlood jo: inb:;,

W ith deer eo lor pbosus ~tihJ)w@ Y i O ' " U e x:a cU y h ow

t o d :a :r n. 1Pand g~I!leyour ]ioiots, th en offe rs a.

complete seet~ou on IIDDdrng flnd fu1.W:ahq fo'l:'

pro:fe8s1!o.nam resdta"

But where a ~o t ,ofwomlworkmg books Oll~Y

;show you some s ki ll s,. t lW s new woooworWIl,g

compendium g]ViBS 'y'UU over 300pa~ of eomplete

[plioj:ectplans 100 yon ,eanput y ou r sk ills to use,

In do or o .r o 1 l ! 1 ' ~ d o o r - , e as :y o r ttlom : in :volved~ you"rlf!

smeto find[IIDQjoc.'ts~omatch ylfll!!' skiilb ~l!d noods

dght hem"Titem a::re even a {'IO llJ.pW e!rojeDm fb r

y.:Jlli' s.bop itself

Woothvodri;ng:is a nBV~e'lJ{)j:ng j,ourney

\iV h eth .e r Y lJ u\re , b ee n d oiT I,g it I ' m ' 'One yecu : O ir fifty,

there are always new sl lki l ls tomas'w:I ' :and exciti:ng

[pIDoffiectso tackle. l"etWoodu}(l\t'kin,g:; The Comp lR .u

$bm·by·Step' Guide to Skills, n~fmiqUEls a"ld

Pl'ioJ~1;$OOY - O W ( l C ) , m . : p a n i ! O : r . t l every step of the way:.

A nd w hile you're ;a,Eit " be SW"e t~)ass the

]passion on h) a young perron who means

.aometh~ng to YO!l . l .¥ou~.n.cre8mfflE!mOr~e&-and

~ojiects-that w:ill last a Iifetime,

-till.a:rk Jo .h an so I1 ,. E d~ .tO J[ "



1-



The best WoOOVI~ot!k.i:ng takespla.ce in. a WGU~

O 'f\g ~ize d~ s af e a m I e ff ic if;1 nt 8 _ p ! ; 1 ; O O th;<l;tis

devoted to {or atleast desi:gn:edfoJ:')the task.

Couple~fJae fa .c l im'S with a de taUedkTI iowl .edge of

the wood yoru'Hbe wm:kiIl,g with, and YOll1're we.]]

on your waybo s:omevery roewardingUmes~and

11 l1E !11 l1 !Orah le p:roject&-:in yo'ur' wOl 'ks] : jnp.

That's what Utis , Workshop' E'S.sentialschap;ter ia atlabeut, See

howto set up Y ' if ( n . : f worksbop:[or ;mi"WmL1u.D1f 1 i ll (l I3 I l : C Y . .Make awe yom'

layout. eq1! i~pme!l1t a:n.d~hni!q.U!es ~ES~():. ~1aint<l l l l l eVeIyt.l:iiitlg in

goodworking order:.And unde:r:s~n.dthe in's, lYot 's ,and intik..acies of

aU the various kind s ofEllmber you'1.~de deafulg with.

Woodwoilcing oilers hvo TeW3irds-the p~·ss itsclf, mmthe

p I lo$ le e ts you c r e at e . 'lhese p a@ ;~ ~g et y ou :rea dy f1 m :th e p ro ce ss ito o1 ;f.



Setting: Up Shop

'I'he:re's no single best w:ayto set i J l ] j p ym;w work-

s h .0 j) , S ~noo e v er y handym~n bes IL1!ru~qll€ : interC'si l;.$.,

needs ;;rndr.f;:f lQm!l;:GS"t! l '1Je!;r',;;ckto constructing a

workah'~)p that works fm :YOl l is m learn to under-

stand yom needs and ~I)maximise yom ~eSI]'I! l !r1(jes.

Strut. w.lth you!" sholP space-for most of us, a ~oom

in the basemerrt or part of a garage. Draw a. sketcll.

of your shop EU"e8 as it exisss, Take meesuremeata

and mclud .e yom m ain fiho pbo ols and w ork o r sto r-

~g:eareas, Often" justtJhe simple exerci.se of l15ketdh-

ingMll reveal ineffieieneies inthe layout 01'

suggest better

a: t ta:~e:mcents ,

Be sure to

include pnwe:r

SOfUl'CCS, WIrJ:-

dOW,Sl ;and doors

]nthe d.rawing"

<lswelll as

llights 3 !:O O ~ .

built-in f 1 i i x . -

i . :oWBS, like

sbel ' - ingand

wan eabinets,

Once

yuu've drawn

J'!0!lli' existingshop , make a

wisil1 l i n s t of

tools.acces-

~klie8a:ru::l sy.s-

tems y , ou !d l ik e

to add o vm : th e

nex~·few yem:'s~

incltl.dm~ fin-

ishing booths,

dus~, eelleetien

systems a o ol l 1 M . 1 0 0 r stru:ag~

at d t ym_g

a re as , O omp aJ :'lt:

~t~i5!tr . tO

yQ'lll' 'CjU~t

8JJ .ops~~,@e.

C<;tf i .cv 'eI ' "ything

p)ssibly fit? If

i'.l(l!t, y.orUffiay

want to amend

yOm' wish list,o r .hm k l l io . l '

ways to replace

si!Ogme-p~J]se 'tools with mruti-pu.rpo8'e wu;rk ,areas

that coI'l.se!I!'VQl 51P~-CC' For cxamp~c,. ~8.I ,de:r replae-

iog yoU l l'o l d r ad ia l -a rm saw w ith a s]i,dingao:m-·

~ound mi;!;e;r s~w"or perhaps Y'(r1J, r n : i t , 1 ' I h t re[p[ace one

'0 .1 ' tw o ofy ou r.la :rg er. s:ta .tio ~ty tools wit lh SlI1IlJaller

l )endl ;OOp ver ,~on . il . Ba : J i 'a : tt e~ t iO 'n , to th e s,pa;oo

am lm d ID o]sas YI)U !p1 .< 'U1i ,alting su re to allew

enough . room 'to u s e e .9 !d h ~ool e ffe ctiv e ly and f i i :d 'e]:y .

Refer 'boyom ' pW fI11 ion. a regular basis, ,an(l~!I]date it ;

as your needa, and cil ' lCU'mstan.ces, ebange,

I

I

II

: S1;vro;!g6

1 e3l~j ~IV,. p~~.

m i'te r b ox i6 ta tilE o .1 l: I

,Qt' ro!~i§!h;Ul1f! ~lil!"'"

I

1

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@-

:SOL,!t tdeal t ; .5 'C'm~g

' 5 t t J ! d 1 w a : 1 l

L~m~r I

,tOnl'G~'

i!i~

Toh()i!I~'

1{~~oi1e:.d1

~al1¥.l:l!~)



Choos in g 'You r Sp ace

Wi tl lo lL l t a douil)~iliebes:t

shop is a! largej sepa~itebl!.li~.d.-

IDg,Mth pl.uiI 'l f llbfut! ig' i : lTld beat. It

]8 divid€!d~lP to include ~ ~:Wm.gH

a re a OO jo ~n T I.n g·a large dm fl" to

t~e o1;]~~de,a centralwerkspace,

and a '. !]. ru ism [ 'ig r oom that's

walled. , o ff f rom . the rest of th e

shopail1d ventil atedtn t l : i J f & out-

dOO1 l "H . Obl,l'ious1y,e&.ablmhing

and maintaining sueh a shap

mqwlres mm1f!yand space that

moat of us dooi'thaveavai~ahLe.

So lo ok forrealistic altero<i4tirveg,

The tw o mO$t mmmon shoplQ(:;;l,t]Qoif;l arethe b'lJSemellt and.

tile gaf"a~e,Shops fuS'llre ooen set

up in~p.,_·lreroems, 8!ttics~ even ~11

dosed-hit porehes.\V11Jen. aseessing

potential shop areas, or eonsider-

ing upgr . ;nding 0[" r t lmfJ 'delmg

}'Dur current f i ! I : : I O P . keep th€l f \ ) & ~

lowIDng faetorsin mwn.d:

S pace rve ed fl> .Y O C l 1 ! ' r u woo: t toh a ve . e o ou g h space to maneuver

n,]~I...sizi€sheet goodlsand boards

fll...t are e 1 l g l 1 i . t feet 01~~(m&er;

Ide~]. I.Yi thTI is means· a.hu::ge

enO:IL]g,harea that you can ffl:~d

~a~rge stock. ilJlto a fJUI.timl~.ry worn

with enJH~ elearanee on tbeinfaed aDd tl1,~outfeed side.

Access. Y ou ~'H n ee d a ,( lo rI! 'I.{e ·

nient ootry/~.tp'ci.oo.t so you ean

earzy m8.ter.~a:!s blW the shop

and completed pmjects out of

the: shop,

. P o w < : r . You should never nm.

more than one tool a1 a tinte

(el)l!cepta tool and a shop VO : l i. C or

d " t l ! S 1 t eelleetor), Nev€!rtl:ite.Jess,. ymu 'U

need sev 'e r a1 . <z lJ( Jc@ ss ibJeu t le t s .

Light. Ad@quate light is

essen.tialfor doing b a i I X ! f u I , . rom.-

fo:rtab.if .! l , atclu 'scte a '" l1d safe work.

'¥au'rJ i li leed ,tOOcl over-aU ligl".it {:a

combinatien of natunl and .ilrl::i-

mal llght sources is best) as

WlBU some movable ~ .Ri .g ih t ing.

V(mt i la1w. l l ' I c/ inUllse L'01ttrol

T o o olp e" rlta ust d ~s ·t trod f umes ,

-------- ---

G e n e n a l l V o r k s h o p--- ------------

_

THE 1U5 IEM IEM iH~ :P~ ·~ b , l~ !11e : ntmlfetfSIJDIltl.! i' lImrantilges , a s . : i I I sh l iP ihlCatiC!n.lfsoor;.es.

~b!@ ~ :~ d\ " g r n l til!!) I N ; ) ~ t I;If~he Ih(IUSe,an d ij]:e :e~illlhfi1llSeS)lStemsafE!, I lIgtrtlihetfe.

D.~aoo ·oond l to , 1001!l1l!itJl;dh.t'!!!d~QOJII,Ine.gliglb !e Illlt' l!ralllfOlt,conlllfete flllllfi .and O\re'rall

, d a ; m p ! J e s s / f K ! o O I ' ffm.lllatlQn,

i J! i!E GARAGE S !i !OP i: li Il e ~g~. ,e5peeia11y ,oo:e !ilitatheillodle house,.offers lhe 'colJII'e~ienoo

of < I ba~~ !n shop , w , l t l '! ! ~r d~!!~Ir$. . O\! eI if !! !) ~d l !I o~ I Jl J'! ll \~ emel lem .a ;coess, .grellte lr

h~ lOCn i{ ~ l ov re t h lJ lm r d: l: yan d lbetts \ i e i d i l a , t l o r k . 1 1 I & main: ,ge l'Ra l d~a(t{1!i: li s tha t gl!itO!i~

a t, e : us ui li ly l 't ll l' l' le ro c ue o r I~ \ret1leiesaoo a l :1~ sl C !~obtr !outdoor iR ms.A good soI!I~iool

Is : k I , :moont JIIIlIlf :r.ta,lionar.f · t . I J i C I J i .i on .~~ . ~ , t h e y c an b ew h :e el ed l ! 1 I ! I I d o'the w a)'to m a A e

! \ l I ! ! I 1 1 1 flU o l ; i J : e t I ' ·H!1!ng5.

~rO'U n ee dla S 01 i!rrc eo f fresh ai~ a nd d u.:.o ;1 tol leet ien, f . )e[ le~'lJdrut!lg on

whernyQu Hve. y;eru:- lI !OW1d shop USe ]iIDl:e~ywirnIr;eq)!J~re a mean s of

he<:!liing and/or (loo~ingthe B,hop as we]lM ~ont" [ \ (U .ng lmm.i!d:i~y;

lsolat io, ,?" ~ep the inevitable : i intrus, io:ns .0[ rto:ilseand d]11:. ~rtto ~h.el'esil; of ilie .home to aminimurn,



.. .-

Safety ,equipmerrl!

A WtW. -EQUIPP iW

IliIR S T Am Iiii' : f i I j ] o o l d

ellf l~Jn ~iI!i"'"m i n i , .

mum) plenty Q f gauze

a n d b a n d a g e s ,. 0 : I f ! 1 1 · ·

5etplkl tf I~t a id ' ll l! :! t. ! .1DIffit, l a t e x g I 'o . ve s ,.8

mid tollll!llfe~, rub·

b i D , G , a k ( !h o l l s . W i l b s , 1 li

i f lf ! in f o o . . . . ! ' ! t ~h a !5

r~dI"e,!!!Id a f i_ I l l l ! !

gu idebook .

W l it O l il m J "gal ' r !~1dust andftJ!IIIl~.A 1~!l'UI;'~ m~1 ! (~I'IsII d J~ S;1 bl& Ite m tD 100wo:~nM!.e! ' ! i i l 'o l"gl llnet. '!11 : s 1 K i p

v r o l i k . A C I:u s t r ~ ( B ) [ h a t s I M ! \ p la c e a l !l 'e f i l t e : 1 S and i R e x i ·

b k !, faw :P le c et o ~ e p O! i l t : Hne t [ pa rt :l Cl es , [ li ke &HV id u sl i

. i lOO insl!I l<I.liml f ib e rs ,, A r e sp lr atw (C ) ICi!n be f iHerlI wJlih

J 1 I t e r s Bnd e a r l i ! 1 l l ! ' l ' g e : 5 · ( o pmtect3Sll in$l i fumH . an d . ~

f,lJe 1p.;nlillI; iJ~, I !: ll pe ti a ll J 'mJen !M Jrk ing wi th dhemlvals.

rn P R O l i r E t m ' I € l N shouldl l i le· WO I I I i r ata ll tim e s In t l 1 : e · w o n : 5 i l o ; p . A fa oo

sh ie ld (A ) I s w o~ nm ie n d llin ,!l \!'C ry

hiWItdDU~w o r k , . w(!h ,Q ~1!g a

Ilab·. ! 1 ! . . ~ty ~~ (18)O l i n ! : !gI;'!~$e5

(e)~hooll l h a , ' i \ I ! sha~! iJ! ! i 'OOt 1 X i I ~~!fbO!la;te I lmse5.

Create aJ1e lDe:~ge:BCYa~1

The wOl:ks.ho:p M ; perhaps . 1 t i l l : I ~ .

most ~ccidentl'Jlil:'mle area o:fym;,iI'

heme, Boorp blades, heavy objel.~.

diangewus m@-micah:;and. flarnma,le

mareli.abs arc jl~t .9, few of the

:ta~1l'S that inerease the risk. of

aocidents in the shop. \VhHegood

bO:lJIse~eelPing,m'€~ed fur yum:

too~s and eemmon goose w iU go a

~o]J!gv;ray to""1i~dJ tedueing t 1 1 . e

risk ,o f aectdents, :J~Ulllshould still

belPI'(lp,lU~d inthe eve:nt an. aeei-

(Jien.toeeurs, De;! i i ]g IL1StePRI.1 ofyou~'shop as an ~merge'ncyeen-

·Ul1'.Equip :llit\vit:1l a fhlIDy ,<;1tockecl

first aid i l l ! :.it,Eire ~:sher

alldte·]ephone wi1i;hem.·~fiey

numbers ,eileadyposOOd.

B F . ' R ! ! J I l E l t l , y I i U ' l'1.ellr;ln,g Wh$ n l

(Jp~ ing pow er t m I I S O i i'

pet fu rm 'i Jg o the r Il o! J! da~M~I~, IEatmuffs (A )

oHerHJ~ l be s l p tf Ot ec ti im ,

f ( l lI M ! : ! by H.piltnd'alille

f!eilm ea qp ll lg s ~ IB ) , an d

eooded ear in~ ~O~,

I~

~. A ,

~c



General Workshop i

lNo , te~N Ol il e o iH i l ess ' tN~,tmelllf.:sshol!l~(Ibe eO Ii l~ il ll !r '8 . d 3sUJ iS ,t it l! li te f or medical ,attentiolil. li:ey ,am

i lW le n d i e d i a s g - ,u lc l ie U n e s o n l h o w ' tD r:eaottto w o r k s l i l Q P [mlsl l :aps.WliIene,vmanyil i le ir s 1 n J ; l ! I i rOO , c o n t a c ; f 3 1

d:OG'Iot ,ali

s oo n a s ,o ss lb le .

S i i t u a t i o : l 1 I [ 'I'.""" trea~~~en_

:AJQpma1lfm

I l ' ~!!!f!l@in f t l i I D ' ptr f~$$!!1i 'E!( H l r ttle w o u n d w i !: !i I ;!l ( ll e! !t ! ~ lo11.

, 2 J ' D r : e 5 S , millil illPlllft &a~~.

, a J ' II b l e e d i n g l !le~ ls t s .81 '1d1 wound[ i i i , 81nl1U1-mctum, eiew,t.e, t I 1 i e ,affected 3feSISI!I i1

Is a ' b c i r re t I iI e I lie a f ll : .

i) C]unWOIU l d [w1 t I1 , soa li l a n d \\!'ate!!'.

: 2 , ~W , 0 0 0 0 0 0 rw O l ll n d W ' l t l il g a u ze b a n d la g e .

3) r ,PIH'lY!!iI.$IiI!atad ic e [bag 'M ~Id OOIll:IDU hi l\eOOce sw.ell lng" ImlMe, l i I a i n ,and[

im l ilO l r , a f a S (l r p t i 'o o < Q f 'b lO O n s .

4 ), Be a'! ! ial l l l , lhat: In bJ ~ a! ltI !e e din g lIlay ,.ml.

1) L e < a r e th, lI , smb e th le d o b je ct in l place. Do [NDJl r e m o v e it,

: 2 : ) ,Apply ,a lduao.doth or g a,o z:e p ad 'U jlh e, a rea ,a ro ll nd 'l he wolrndk

3, P l ; e w e m : mm' tm~n . t 0 ' th e o~ Jm : ~ ' , : w r a P r p J n g Itv m I i I g a l ! l l c .

1 ) Mlai'nb'!in oon!lit i lmt pe~_re Y t i t i h l a G l e an dnIl.

2 : , 'lSa li8fuJJy W l'iIP _~ !km ingaua U lat : bM bee :f !l lf !O !t if ena ll l W i t i I iI s'i"~w,gt_er

OJ saline :$(IlllI ' lien. I .

3: ) P f . o oe : 5 W e l iP d f t e m , !n 8 ! !ea '!ed [pI!!stIe b a g "4) 51la(le:tiIlis [bag i,*,a [ I a r:ga' bag 'containing: water an d ~ce ~mn'8r Je t :seve:red

pari !:come In dimel (lOntactwlt!i1I Ice).

1) I1 f th e km ~s m .!!!I,e 'e181ie ; t l i l .~nlf i! 'St~e'(~~lnl 'lull is ~ o r s li gh tl y sw o Ie " n) ,

it s ho ul d[ n ol be brea,led at I 'i lgme .S iee . . . doo tor Immadiate1y..

2.) For m inor ltll.ltin~ immBm ! U le a~ area iin ool l l :M er fa r 'In a m in lllta s., G e n,1 iIy

, a p p l y , a l ' GQ ' l d , wet e1d! 'W a r " E ! a ! !t!iIM I 1 ! " e , ! !I n ' a ' b i e t o ! t i e [ I m m ~ ~ ' C f r u m g e U !e, " " " "

cl'm;h,hletpJentlY-

e>

1. ) Ql!iJ'eklya:nd !Sde~ brea!! ! \ ! ! :oti!m%; ~nt!'ll'lt ' Y i f t I ! I a f f e c ti " l 1 w J 1 i 'm t l{dJ~nl!ed P:lug

1 H " ~lr.tit o f l I ' brea'kei').. "'" ... --...: : i l l ) All e!e! it li 'ica~ bl . !i .J il$ $h~I !IM be c 'l!iIId d~e d :s ev ere . • rntern!'lJ[I$$M may be.

:1 '1' • _ ..... . ~ ~~~ .. 1 -

,a ~ lmore s ev er ,~ ~ ylla l1 .~ mlll l i l r ,dan lage! a :p pe af in g 'O ll th e sldJh. ' ! i lUl

rSIllolJildbe called Ifmiedl'ately if ' tine electrlca:lshHik. has ~lII!ieda1lY althe

f o l k lW1~ !Iln;atk: hel! l r t i leat, seve re J o n , : ! lbn!1l lmi i l~t ingl ing/ l . !tn~S( i lom:p. . . : .~;

( 1 1 l ' I f l i I I I e : n l ; , 1 I 1 } 1 ' oli ' IJI\( iII lQnged).11IlUS'D1e;Ii."SII1$·lIIfadile~ fatlguer [he~daches O f 01- - - r-. - ,.:. ...... - .-. l o l l . - "

lIi5ib1~burn.

I,) Do mm r ulil or ir. ,r tI!a U !ilb e a ft ee uliJ I ~ .

2 , F lUd ll 't 1t 1i l Wiu'm wah ...

-



G"t , a grip on g lov e selectkm

~ WNr tile PIOII8I glow fur the tMII· a t' 1 laR4 M a l in t a . .. . S I . I P P I Y O f ~ .w q . . . . . . . of the i O I l O W i l r g t y p e s : . _

ad d ~I pmposlII_s as ~I , ,

r------------~, L H E A V f lY O R lt a L O V E S f O r ' h iu ~ r i n lI '~~bti ldl tg matmals ,aAd general ' .lmlllM

ailil'l~rWd8t

~ DS£Y O R J i E A W ' C Q i T ]D N t ,U , .O V E S

fW pnlworll: a o o ~I wear

i,RU~'" M A S O N R Y quJUESfWworliftd. ~ and IJIIHItarf . ' ~ . . . .

,4 . P i S P G $ A B L E PU),$JIC .~ for

painting llid light f lf Ii sh1ac . .. . ftIr

t ia li dR l II ~ alai e lumy, ~at

_n;, 5 e P s i t J ' v e tiloib in I ! I t lD '

I S ~ N E O P R V 4 E . R U B B E R O L C N E S fo,

.In,gw m r Ca:tl6tic: I t i l e m i o a t s , ~oob

.. cb(!DIIqI patnt stlPpertltfld for

~ a rQ llI'Id eleotrfc8~ct.I~iI t

I <:6.IKItl~lY'PE I W B 8 E R G t :O V £ s. I

·Iot painllllg.and finishing and ' , ," 'work-

lq:.Mh .n~l ~

~

R e i l i l ' l o Y & - t o ~ I , D C k , keys ,irotect againstU l li1 l E l u l li lo r i iz e d o r ull i l idlpervised tool I s e

M e .r ny ]power teols, pa:rticub.r~y f i ta t iooa~y tOO~Ei~

eome equipp~d""itba,[I1@'mov~bl~ lock k € l J y that is

mserted in,to the ONtOW switch of the toot The

tool canaot betorned on llifth,@key is not in pEaoo.Store the lock 11flYSI1 L aecnvenient place 'that's out

o f . s i g [ 1 . t : f i _ ' o -m t O O tooL

[ § J I

' 1 ' 0 m a 'k e 1 Q I l I it a I n lH i !! lt fl1IlJIl' p ow e r tO o t5 run : s a f e i , ¥ and

'at p 4 ! 1 a k p e J m - u ! I \ ! l W n e E l ,UM o n ly ~ m n5 i~ o o id s ~ h a t. . -

:a~ '~ '~ lrIan~k! ~a"mpeI'3P !' .~e '~~

Carll llJln:gtfu GilllIgI!' Muhilll!l'm,~,

;2)5 fl. II H:

25 fl~ 16. U

: 2 : 5 ft 1 ,4 1 1 5 ,

! i O ft 18 5

.5 0 ft. :1 6 U II

S O ,ft. 14 liS

15 ft~ 1 :8 5

151., 1 M l i 1 0 0 '

7$ ft 14 liS

: ] lO l l ft. 16 5

ft,

: I 1 QO 12 1 .5

125 f n I : . 1 1 6 5

125ft : 1 2 . 15

: I 1 !O fl~ 16 5: 1 1 5 0 f n I : . 12 1 :3



I General Workshop-------

Tips for dust ~nectiol!1 & dust colUecUon systems

1J1Ii[EnVl~S1AGEDUSlI iOOLL.mI1R in th e bacfiU W lllnd of ~ h l s wDlik=

~op pboto, isoonnet:ted to alii 0 ' H 1 ~ ! !k ta~i lmnry p O ' !! ! !l : Ir t O C I l s IInlfle

! t ! . . , wit'll d~~l~ .\l.Iln,QI\'I!!~!" h~~ I~!!t~!! ~ o It!~m.U~· 1 m J .

~SllIo~'!!Iloo, IbeI l J ! ! ! d : o f th e wa!~M' !en ' W P ! k Ist,'t'Jijntlll!l~

H ow t e , g rou nd a d u st e ol'leCiio lils ys le tm

feedbare~

wound wirethrough hose,

1l!Ie lO '~ diJn ,g er$ o ~ ,$parkil: ig ¢illilSed bj' itmi'e eledrici l ) ' ,a

dlli8t C i J l l e O O n n systeml f l h o o l d Ibe ,eI~b:ical l¥ :grom.il~ so tf!~

bJ l It · !! !P e l~bkib ' '(t ; !lJIII ,~!!pe.A}l : l t i i lcf !1 ,0 1 ~M1I ! J f Ib !' !re ! l JQPper wi re

lb , t h e IOOta l cilb'loot lo f e a c I: 1 l statiioo:ary Un':l i Il I t fl e l fu Si · to ll ~l iD fI

sy s~ rn (a ssumesU laU :oo' ls a r egl 'G l lI fl ded t lU O \ l I, g h t he p owe r s u pp ly

~). Grill B,mlili ll gutde I 'I IJ l e In~o the hose Ipnrt [ lear the wollI:i.d reed tlJe·wlr-e Iinto Wie f il lie .

I.Illffit from workshop adm.ties peses man.y

tm~at:s w · safety OO lC~topwodtlcl:ng g 'Ql ;~dm,€Sll~t.s; , It

is a. fire l I D Z < ' l ! r o ~ , < I . health hasard when beeathed in,

and a geuera] irritara, 'It is responsible for : rLL] .n ing

c oun tle s s , ca lf o:f uj j]y applie d finishes, Bind ifml(lffn~

trolled it will shorten the lif~ span ofyam : " power

tools. A good dust ,coUect].on system isa mustin

any worbhop. Itcan 00 as simpleas a shop vae with

a dust filter used loc3!lly, but the best selution 1 :5 to

co[1ll'jl.ll~ucl1..network of h~ connected pe:L'lTI,lnently

to your st:B!t,ionary 8oop~o[~ls ® I n ! d powGI"8dby a!

quality dust , l )t I~. lectD)r,

Amol : v A t ii s I! l[llll!!tiltlily I n! !w ,enby lin b dm;ic:olleclilonH'eld. n~

Slm'lIifir to l , II ShOp \!Bt;. iI J ~ile and I~r. 'fools , 0l_1I'tlOOO!!eetelilto Uw

~ ~OOli'Q liltll'o IJG 1I a l feoept~e m . o w , 1 : e { I on ~hetool , wc.1II' iis

all~w s m e ' Y a : e t o shu t of l a nil o ff ,ai i l ! l imal i i -Eal ly:il;5t1ie tool is < i U S ' e d ~

2I D . r i U . , e J i i j t Ih ole s a U \o le o lln ne ciil;n s anlll!li,SI'<lJI ! \ m t : ! r l d l w're~

k l g e 1 h e r w i t h a W ife Inu t. 'tou m ay need 'kil ' e < I l ! l k ~ j : O O f i d l th e r o i m! l Jt ! io E ! n l n G ) l lo l l' i1 i 1 i n b j n l fI eY ll fJ ll ym : sr .a ll .



Don" Ignore th e 'floorI f )I01iI :$'" anJ!! 'U~In'k,alMIll i f l It, }fMI I h a w e lmore -d .i red :"

e Q n t a d ~hl ' i l h f l N o e l i ' of ralll' sJilQp 'th~nl a l i l Y '''I'll' part S i l o

it,on ly m ~I!!e $, ·s m~ kJlm ake &IlIJ eI)1 01 11 'hop fI'~ i~saf,e,deanl a :nd 'eGmhr tat lle . 5ta1rt VlllIiItbe f loo r f tn i sl tl .i f y o u r

sl l lop has,an un f ln li s lh ed a m c : r e 1 i : e f i "r~ thee are sever,al

f in is he s y o u (:ani iI ~p ll k 1'make It .,.,8,a tU a.e IM I a nd o Hlor

to ,cLeiln(ph~1 i I O O v e I lmU . C lH I c te te , sealer m a c le ar

plllXluct 'Ulill lIe t:p s t he c on cm te IreSist &talnl"ng a n d c re a te s

a "sll~'k" s tn1aceoU rat "s ! il as ie r k1 ' t,weep bId isn~lslippery;;

QiI!?tIeh!, SUrll' is emtntialtl searer ' t o f t I i I iii Ici!!l'oIi1Sl'ag;.nt

f or ' ¥Ii Ua~ i!lppe;iii' l~ ~, p . ! I i _ 1 l l ' .als A fnd M \ilY:t1H es. 'U fle

ft ', , I i ' - ' " " t 11---'88 t!h I . " - d u d ' 1...~\I.'more IiOdv , 1 0 , w ' u " f " 1 1 1DOl, ~n. !!. !e CQ 1!L - ~ e pro -~ - - III.... - - .~~~t}!I. I II~

small YOit is aDd ,clacks , i i l iminalng ' a~swlhel\e din,

Inid .ew a nd l ,e ~lI In se cts , elf! e oU e el; ,~ palm is , ill 'Mo-._ '" ",'.s..

Ip ,a l 'tH n l s ll l H Ia t t pti'!\OOli1ls, mo is tu re s e e. ,a g e; IIIp' tliinM!lglil,tihs- "f lgQr~resJ: s ts s t al J !$ ;and sp ills, a nd h ils .i t wry ,atWadi'WI

.appearance.. Regardless o .f 'Nie' loot .~ ' 0 1 ' su :r fa ce b :" ea t-

m an t. sw eep ;and elB ao It .~ur:arlif, a nd l lM 'O l ld e la n s~ iu n

f o r : W O O f ' feet, ,a t wo rk , a r, ea i 'n ' ihe ' f < o r m l ~ o f a " " l I i U l J l ' l e t iii.;P:.;.:t._ i i i .; .

m:d , I N ! ' OWII'II D l I I I nQlet scraps h i h M Q " 1 1o w e " ~ left).

--- - --------- --

I Tips for ~eepinga tidy w,orkshop I---- ----_--

L.elib·, . r d · t:, h c - -g . !!r:': A w o - . . t. :s l top stamdalmIIVi oa .. 00__an _ s o _ _ U\_, .~. .

Pe rm r ,[ lwd . h r u ." d fbo® ir cll(pegboan::J) is t he ' w , al lp a .p E fl " of th e W O r li E l lD I P , .

rnad.cl~t iOt. l to geIle.ra.~.pegboani hooks, you eanpurehase wlhole sys tems

Ofbmlging devices in :mamy siz,es and ooniigurati!Dns t o . e:ff€!ctiw,]y

supportand O l ' g a J : t i i l i e ~pedfieools , Usstempsred hsrdhoard if ava;i:l.aJble.

A D ,attt'i: ~~--Ile ~'n-- 1 ' " " 1 ' 1 ,_ _ a"" ..to' C _ _ 1 1 _ U IP cVV

Se r ews , w ashers, d'rillbitsand oth.'eil:'sm;;dl metal part~

have a w,ny of cliisappearing into

th€ l noo ll :" e sth e ,ap o f s awdust 0 0 1 '

sha.'Ving~ a s : seon as you turn you.rback. ]Jjil'judand rescue them easily

and saf:'e]ywitha shop magnet,



----------------- --

General Workshop

Ma in ta iin a we l:l·d re .s sedrWnd· - 0' c - "!!oaf.t JI lL - I I. !: !, W I Il _ _

Thebench :grinder' J50ru;:

of themost important tooms in

~mys J- ~op for keeping ·offiherr

tcols up and! : ru :nnimg at peak

ptBirfio.l"TI1an.ce le 'v.emS" But ]it too

l&}u l l1eS occaJs,il)~ mai rae -

nanee, O ver trum e. iJ1H gr inc~-

jng wheel or wheels build up

l'eSb1S and o.fu~rgunk th~.t

S l e tUe i n t o 'thegrit ()f the

whee l , whore t l l l .~Y ~ a 1 l : ' c l J m l l

e : B ! O Otime you US€! i lh € t g r in d e r .

m e you nO i t i( i~ l li a t~ ! () l" I ! twh ee J

h as a brown, lyurnisbed

apl]Ii)~.u'atl'(i@,~I:'j:;'time 1)[)f1.na:~S

the w . l U : J E l . Thlspl'oeeduil: '€

c an OOa oolfm pH s llle dlw i.th . a

(I:~ess:ingto()~,~iketh.e ene

shown at right~ or.sooplywi.11JJ.

a :s tl,ck m ac 'le ,o f s illiro ne e ar-

W id e , 8i.miilly apply the dress~

ing t oo l Oil' ¢a:rmde stick to th e

spi ln:njn:g grindJng wh~ l and

irJ:!Epecll i .t h€ ! w . !hoolv i sua lly

until the surface· is clean and

f l ; l l ly re$~o~ . 'Bd.

Engrave idieM ifica t"on maimsQ:nHlshop tinllsEvery h I D 1 L d . y m a . n knowsthat

~onl)Wed l:(iOIis oH 1m end up (it]

p !@ rm .an eI1 It loa n .. Keep mhs on .

Y'l!}UiI.' shof too ls by I iID,gra:ving

yll~it I11!JJmeoriImtials inw the

tool ,( 1 ;< l si rWw i tl 1 a r o b: u yw o l i or

carving mot In . addition to

reminding yOll i lm' friends ~d!

fa;]n~ly.mem?bei·Swhe]~,ethe tool

cam.;) n : o : a J t , . iden t :i :f ica t io ! l: l marksmay help you lJSCove:r Y'QUb'I)(II)ls

dn the m''€ID!.t . o f a . ~rili!l:ner'y.



Defining Hardwvods&. Softwoods

BowmcaThly gpei8!k i~ trees are cawgoriz:ed as

ei~the:l'.harowonds Or' softwoods. Herels a simflrn~

way 1 t . Q dli$tingmsh the·j,wo:hru'i~woods aliredecidu."

o us ( bllo od le a:f u,d ), g e n er ra I Jy r n os in :g t he ir - l ea v e s In .la te iF :a U an d l'Bpll:Jclililcingwillth. t]OW9IrS andfrlLllits or

nuts, S(l : f tv,roods~011. the o the r hand , a re C Q r l if e . l 'O l J ] s .;

they retain their needle-aha ..o t : o ' ( } leaves inthe

winter , @ ] ] . ( l r,eprmillLtc€lb y sproad.fung the:iJr seed.

t l l1"Ougb open eones, 1111:13Wl"'ffl6~Ofitw(l\}d' or ~rd-

woo d ~ fluVl3' n oth bJ1 gro d o witb whet~rlhe w ood is

physicall l iyba:t i i or s[rft;,

A ll trees. have two g :l 'o 'l ;\ fi i; ;h .purts each ye8I~

Their sjpcir!g growth produees a Hgb.t;..~ol«redmate-

rial betweea the .rings.~led ,f j(%rly.~IJt)o~1.The more

aJenseceHs p~roducedm the late summer and.faHare known as .latew(l()d~ a / iI l. d tf u e se oons . ti t!U ! 'i Je 'tih0

darjk.eil' rings U'l!at €Very rn]klba:s counted to deiter-

mine a tree's age.

SoftwQod trees tend to g]1J)W more rap~dly

thallba.mwom:ls,. <. ' l i .1 ld they .have widel' bands of

~al'lywoJ)d.~han most, sL[jW~gl1l)wingha[c~woJ)d;s"

Softwood trees a I D S · ( I have 13 (l 'r gem ;1 es sd e ns e c eUs

] ]] th e ·e ar l_ vw o o d U t a nh a ra ~w 'O o d !'!..T h is h e .~ ~ s,

~plain. wil i ly a .ruatil~a]1be driven ~]1W a wide-eelled

p~n€ boaihT'Imore e89f~yrfual i l a Ug h t- -g ra ID l l€ d o ak

boarc~; ttlE' ,cell.:strucil;urei:stess dense, aW10winge a si er p e :n e ti l'a ib iO 'I 11 .

t lI lardwood YS• . softwoodl

OOPII iiE VfHArl i ll ilE ' c . A . 1 i I [ ( I , OO I I ES IMP iLY ,t he · d l s tiPl hm be tween

h I U ! 1M n Q I ! ' I 5 ,ns.ofuK!DI'I~ I J I l S til, &1 w 1 l f l 1 l!faf b \ p e ,and i : ! i not ~

m .e.B iS:iJr .ef Mllld fillrn fle s s . oa~ II ~ lIf1n iOO h ll~d , h ll~ 1 i l I f 0 0 J i d

l e~N 'e fll !!f t ~ I ~nh ll fa ll , 'wl ]i l( l J;ioIne"I. Q~!'!I~iH!!!· s d w oOO !r e t : a J I I ! I ib !1eH1le:~,allM ntei '.

Another ]M''Opertyw o r t h . noting is tbat h < 3 ! r dE

wood tr ee s allo w th e :il irib !t'a n clli. es timeand s pace to

grow in :ai~mostany dhx..TI:oIl!,]in ! ( K r o d ( M ' to maximize

lea:fexiPoslllJrie to slwUght. " l l~he ]n t e -rna .~ . s t re s se s

~esent in tb€ l wood, we8ulting from the w,ei ight 'O f

these o l J ] . t . s £ ) , l l r o a d b r a n c b e - . $ ; . Cl'(!I3!ro, jl1Ltel~tingfii{,.'Ull'@and grain patterns J i a l V h € wood (See beLow~ef 't) .

How~0r,.tbero is aprice to pa,y for that ooauty:

highly llgu1:ed w(K1dW'l1mJ:sto

distort :mo;ro reamIDy ·tfuam

s t - ra]gh1L ' -g ' r .SJ iuedwams as t~1e

stresses ere releaJsed.

' :I.'hree' OOilll tUld€lS .:iligo, ooloma.l .

wDodworke ' l "S t : t1tl l ieii[ ' lumber

from vas.t t!'atm o f v ir g] n onnhf~

ousFbr~st. It as.l1l"t t incom.ni!O.ll .

10M' them to g~leanwhite pmebeards 1TIeas.urmg 2 , . 3 : andevea

4, ft, 'Wide, with no l no :l ;, 'S 01 "

n~her cl,s~ig~remenLU's.no

s u rp ri i5 ' et ll a :l ;much o :Ft he it e 1 :l ir ly

farniturewas bui1tili"Om sofi;.

wD od . E oa r~ ls roUed fu).mlI today's

replanted p ine · fo re s ts , on the

otfue:r hand, .halVe knets eye~]' 12

to 18 in..a]Ol1g the.ir length (one

y,eat"s gF()' iW'th). Because ,of their l l '

mwuimal girth at harvest, boardsofi .e<] lom1Ltam c on ;S iOO r ab le s ap -

w ood aiS w e I D l .

~ _UOF1 !H~A ' iI 1IMC l t( l' N OFWOO~R i t: :JNG ~()m~5fr.OO! f i t ! : ! gpp«~ltyl~· W ! : u t . : w ! t ! t! J ~I

d~I~n,g drilififtti li: i i l i : t i f f te:~ i~jj(jlor;.lilIi.lIi'e altd gt;a' lollpattem.Wood colliii' lis a prodl:Hlt

l i).f O f h O ll' 1 1KtIlDJ'lI~, g lJ ims a r id I l1 e s i flSI t· e ll c tt e 'e'.I!lJPO!!Ul'Eltoth&illr.M 'te fl , .WOoi: lw i l i otOn~iwe

N ' (liI~ and cfiwlgecolor Iller D ! ! e , 4 ! l 1 1 1 e i " ' I : l p i n g 1 r i : ' C h p a t l o o . F ir g y re -~ s ! ! rl a G o l 1 l l P a H . e r n

onl,iI boilr,dbean 100 th e IfeS!;lft;of !1umeJQI!SlRawl :a ' lea~s ~a!1lgl"Sl'om dro~t or free~iD!:

W' IPfSialllnSw1'nds, . d is e as e . ~ II!' In ~ I jJamag1l1 Gli'aln l i l iSplay ri O d~pend~ ! ' I l ooth"d iJ Iec t io l il , :8n il lr e ,gU l i I~ o f Ole w o D l ' l l t i ll i l !m ! , ~ la6ve ·t o t t1e ee . li .t ero f t h eb , lm ' k .iI!l.!!'i'EIlas

hWfhe IUIlkll i< S .etd; fromthQ t I ' ,Q ' e ,



General Workshop

1 , ~ingWood :t;ngtim I J 8 I I t 'M M I d . . des for pnj8tt J08S .... ", NIJ

~ ~ . D I f f e J t n f a i* IBS lend t I I f I m M I h r B s betf8r tb I hB '_ oIlIladIIIiItg .,.qU.1or;l P __ as t h e OWIni loR. fo r

~ ptQI8ct 1iartl u .a t ~

6 1 1 .prulllllIllJ be

e+ to,Chap" u&l...- 8oft~d, btft: hIIIntl&rrKIftI ~

_ willsIbd up be1U Ir ... t i lUe. local ftJIllliln;, ate ..

IIapOttant detenlnIng'~. If ~ n g ' O W I d o o f S , . - " Is'I8IJeI'iIIr

an ~ ,WOod chOl. . ill tH Upper s t , _ b U J . .. .. west : coast

redwood is bPlCally mere econ llTl lcal . an .t l . r tIM Sout t I , .. .' 1 1 . .. , YII&

m o t H I Y Irt building w 1 I I I Cypre'H. W h e I I ~ WIOO, ]MY Plrtlcular ~ ..

te tIIe.tone of U 1 ,'1 !IIM Id ~ • illI1sh I$, • . . ._.lb pt,~gpIMI ldU w b ,a t . .

In I&hed C O l o r I II . .. ' s lmPIy C I...., ., . .... .I8CthIiI Df a pl...... I JG I ri ..

mInersI spkIts 0 1 1 " nJ~IIIag.aetJhal.

UnflnisiJed lInfinished

P I N E ill'.....! fIe I' II I ~ term uted

te l 'n u r e ,J I I Q I t ~ , ~ itra'_s I iM m ~ to]ldnr ,~ta 'S P _ ~ . I r i I " " , . W O I k W l f h~In ~~ to 1I .0de:8 te.

~ t s~_ .



R ead !im g y,ftw ood g rade s tam ps .

MJ.'(It'tnmtcntNI UJIMSE iR s o 1 d I n me U.S. li iea fS a l ii l ii n .dm, . tty

llr.ullng ~t:am,p : 5 ll 1 G h O '! s1 i ~ e W e s l e :~ n Wood P m i t I : U . t ~ l S A s 5 o l ' J o G i , U h m

1[ww,P)stamp' s ! ' ! ( !W l ! 1 ' ai~, l f i fomll!al~ood !t:Jli!~ i $ pet!similarly, loot ' i isl lally tMstamp. d(l ;esn ' tshow. ! fI~lo how tfj,

I il lf f il p I J e r : g , a l i ' l e . s . h m . l J s :

12

1&111 . ' li b ls 15Ule g r a d e 0 1 i lumbet, ildtis taseiil

( '!ornrnool!!oollb~~rjalf l ,~I~n1 ful1!i~~ .~~

l ib e g rad il ii g a~ "i < lt iQn H i ll t ~edthe b O l l fl i t.

in ttli)S I~Q! 1iheWe$tenl Wood lP r ( ) i l ) w , e t s

Assooldn l l ' .

S~D:IY 1 i b c O I ) n t! li : ti O !! o ~ & e a 5 O O l im . gat t I l ; e . U m e 1 0 1s u l f a ., -

i n S , i ! ! t f l J '$ ~ ~ ~ , 'Q~ :$jJ'<!~~ IlIIm~ ~I:OW

: 1 9 % , Imolstl ir 'QC!i! ! l ie~. ~f t I ' l e s ta m p ! r e a d 1 :( _ D ~ 1 5 ,

itwol.!lld , a e 1 i l . o I i e l t l i l lHl l ledl l 'm:!krwlth a ma_~-J D U T 1 1 of i l 5 % m m 5 i ru r e e o n t e n t. IP l \O I J ti i ,e t . ~ t a m : p e d l

! ! H 1 R N & t i l n d s f 'Q r IllIii5eilSfiOifd fgeellil, lu ~~ntllning ,m _ Ulalil 1:91%mfl lsmre (l(Inmnt.

D O U G F lR : - l , r n . d l c a b ; ! s l t ! e Iffl:IIid sp~ies , I I ! ! thi!i ~ a s e . ,

1iI0ll§laS 'fll'.

SoHwoodl'IUllnber' siizesSHde y()ut::'measuring ta.pe aerose a2 x 4 and

you'1l djsoov~1"tJlat itdOOSJ1~tactually measure two

inches by four mch!1)s. In fact.,~.t will be ~-in shy In

bolth directions. ~l!Lts f\(il,]gh state, w h eru t!h e hrrniberwas originaUy riPiPed. :hl l tO $~nds~this same piece

l ,VOlS in fact atrue 2 : x 4,Bi;lt<lfoor drying, i.t shrank

~.litUe. Then it was surfaoed (pl8iilled) 0aall feue

fa ce s, a nd it shrank , 1 . J j l i i .U~emore,

\i\rbm YO't] buy standerd sot tw(H;Jd l m E J o o i r at:

yOWl:" home center, : l5urfaced and jointed an all fn'005

8iilld.edlg~s,(hAl :ilindustry sells ilitto yO!] infinis:h(]d

d:imensj,OllS. but s . t i i U dJescl:lbes itfu n . "f I, O , m u . a l dimen-

s;~mlsc--the siZB [It.was before milling,

Apiceoom s - .o f t :'w o o d I W 1 f l l J O O r wi th O il r n m m a ] l ~ m ,

t h i i c 1 rn . e s s i s , m : e n e ra ! r n l y refffr [ ;er l to as a bo;;rrd, w.bHen,mlfDinal: tHil1,-tI lTI ir:k :Eio:!ftwood if > caHe d f:tr um j]]:g stock

(a.sm S iL u d ffii. ois w , a n d raft.ern), or d i~m? ,n8£o .nlumber,

'T 'h .e d 1Jart b elo w lisas n om in al an d d hn eJ1iS !im lumber

sises for ths stoek y1ou'Hfind r u n horne centers.8Qftwooo lnmber is graded by s~engili.<lind

appe 'a rOln l: le as wellas mOls tu l"e e oute nt, l'1 o:rw()oCll~

wotkffi;g' applk;atioo.ifil ,the thl!'€ie ,comm.oD grades to

bi tow81"e SaThect ,Frnistrtalld C«mmorl (See the

chart, be]lJ.'WefU ..\ilii[l~,leboardsin t.heComm!i!o:n

grade categor.ies may eontain some blemishea and

knots, Select and Finilsh grades are clear fir nesrrlyclear ' O i f defuata . . Be Hwa: re , . h(l!W€'Ve:r, that [boards

within aIlyg,a:ae may e x h . i i i b i J l ; : E iOmJ€ degree c t "

llattlr~lli diswrtion. (cupping. bowing,tw'istiJng)., so

it':SiulIXkti.:ant w ~tni!l~neeac!h b:JardcarefiJlly by

~ghtingalong its la'lgth a ad 'W iC II I; bb e :t fh rey o u buy:

SD ftw e ld lu m be r G r a d e s

B SeL \id :;jnd l 181 iR H ~s t qua1 iiy kim 'b llr W lflillltlle , Oil'lnodefem Of

bl'@ml*s,.~~.m"!! t fSizesm~tblt iir.nltedl

C & l Ie d: $0m e sm all de~ects o r bre:nisbes Iperm1sslble, bu t

$ ' i l l i a ~ ~1e~ra : n c l of liIi~ q U ' i l 1 1 l J .

III Se l'ed ; ODe b l u m : l l j1aoe 1Jj~l!Ii1lyId'efe~free.

Sl!pel'klr i F ' i i n i S I l H i g b e s 1 : ~ fiilifllu mb er·. Il[n l,y inoril' lefects.

1 - j , J g t < i r i j l! l \ a l l C (W i I : lj ] so :me de fec ts : a n , f l i i l e t l ! . i s l n e s . ,

Htgbe6t .gmdf l ' I l ' f I !rno tl y lumb.e f j I J I. ! il il il ll y; iWiIlfab'h' l l

br i S p l ' l l D l i a l J . . d e r : :

'N . lm l ln a i l VS. o ! i n 1 e n i S i ; o n l

uftw,olm I lm b ,e r ; s iZ e sNomiool

::Ilx2:

ilx3:tlx4

: ! lxG

:1lx81x 1 ( 1 1 '

lx 12

finii:5hl:d

3 A t x :I,"

! l t 4 ~ ~.1nIM x : J 1 t . i :

3 J 4 i X slk~x71M

~9"9 f 4 x llllA

DJme:n~i'of! t l ! l tOOe ! f Si~s

, 2 ' x : 2 l 1 t 2 ; > ; ' 1 , l f . I :

2x3

:2 x ,4 ,

2x6

2x8

2 : x ! l tD

2 x 12

1~x2lb

1">".:31J . l :

1~ > ; : ' ,51 ;2 II

lit.! xl~i t " >:. '9%11 & x 1 ' l 1 . l 4"



IH J ard w ood lu m b er s iz es ,\V l h .]l e f iom ina rn dimeDSiolllS a re w ~d e]j.y u se d (W l l t "

se~ling so:fcW\O~, some lJetaHerSMW exWnded . the

praetiee b :I ha:- rowomd. beardsas ..ve~l YOUI'loeal home

oenm;erprobably stoctSH : ~ e w species !Ilf hw:ilwoods,.

m~eo3kj maple andOOeI'1jt. These boardB ge'~airuy

are p~~ed. to .~ in. th~o'k,o: 'mtec l fl;:lt on ~be , edges

and Cl lM. \ . ' 0 standard! widths and. l'engths. Within trule

l l imnibeJl '"~nrlllsb'y, lum ffilm r o f funs s a ri ills c ate g or iz e d.

as '~S4'.s': ',whieh stands iur 8m:€aced . FlJm Sides ..AU

! ! I i : f this surf&cepre:pm·atiml. at the 11lHl·h'.amlat.eslto

highrnf'ptiees fot you, I I J I l J t t [ t .may malm the most re.nre

to buy S4S ~ um lbeill'ify o-u .d on "t o w n. a th le k_ ne ss

planlWQl" join.tel' to 'p1llep~ bl)~rdsw.iace::;. yOliL"l:ooIlf.

Tv.)find s [ p O ' c i i a i l l t y OJ ' tliiclke r h ard w ood s, y ou 'll

needto s!hojp a . l t ah:'a<l:i£tiut!iai.. lumb et:y .am . A g ; o o d .

1 .1 J!m !b e ~.a rd w iU . !l) {fe x a w id e seleetion o f h~dW l ! )Od_ : ;

in : r a n d o i l 1 ' l . 'Wicl .thS~fid in a n a ssmtmG illt o ~··t1 l1 .k lk r

nesses and grades (See Hardwoo,d Lumber O~1ide,9,

below). h1 . a :d .d : it ion to S4Sr yo u'UM : in .d .S 2S lumb e r

(planed smoothDill two~ares hut. th.e !Belges are

Ha rd :w ood k !m b e.r IS SQld a llm o~ t 1 l ! ! 1 i I ! e ! } , a n : ! [ s l~dlel

l b o a r d f o o t i · , . w h l 0 h i canl lma: ke , e a l C l i l I : a t J l o g Ole: aIII~nt :o f

I I ! lm~f yo u l i I :eedal t iWe 0IuTim;tn,g. 1 l I. e t l tl f~e boa r t' fs ,

bel~,ifor ~1iI$talflt:.ll·~alleql!lal .2 IlIDa'rdl'fee~, 1lIlo~

: their p 1 i v s i c a l d l'm e lil$ iD ns iilre qu lte , d m :em lilt.A Ile afdfeot: i i ! > acll i lal ly 1 J u : , of a c u blc foD t , a f w! igh kl l :nbe~,e r

1 . 4 4 ! [l l il i d c filChes'., I t I! s · th e e q , l I iiY a le m t ofal p U : l C f l , ' o f

s fo c l \ ; U . a t : ~ 1 2 : in l• w id e , 1 1 . 2 im . ~ o l i 1 J a l I I ! ! 1 1 1 1 i i 1 . H l i d k .

IBut a n y ' ~o!l iiIH ! li 1io n D I: d lm e!iW io li lS lh a t m tl! l~ ip tie s i tDI

1 4 4 is e q ~ I w _ l e : ! i L t 0' 'UDe bu~nU(iIlI,

'fu ca lwht t~: · the l fi li lmber o flbo:a li 'd l fee t : a pklc-e of ~ ~.

be r1o o m .a J !1 !S " u ;s - "W r e kin e s$ U m e s R s w k l l l l '! l i r r n : e ; s lits

lllllilJllh {all ~ 1 i I I ~ncllE$J't!lU!!Ii Ii i 'IM'de by-t44. It ' 0100 diimeli l , .

sk in ~ . eas l! e~ 'm ~a 'te !l !l lak ! ~mm e t ratfiel'

t !ham I ll l ldu3s' , dldd '.e ~ . 1:2 l l l l lsmaa.

~.elill e!flca~iirtllllg l~rol (at,dOIll'tikII~ tO I buHd~ome wa~ in m <

d ie project eSti lma:ie.lhe pw s i

g e t i H l r a r l Y ( lQl! Im: a n i c lo s e tU I

30% w . t . e : n ~b b u y i ! 1 i I 1

6 2 , S . t ~a n d l _Wiillf~awl1

lumber ~-~J} i

~tiSe lIey C 8 m ' t

S o o : i f I . e d~atsmdj:der

P \ i ! l l l m l ] l .

-

·Generullrorkshop

r ou g :f fi l) . nd f o ughSS !wn fuo..u'ds tha t are sim ply cu t

fJ: lom the l Q g , . dried aad shipped to the Ilml!oory'J .:f 'd.

Because of t~eir diverse usesj. hardw oods <9f['e

offered in. a much larger v~ie~y o:f'tlli:alclkn.essefil

than staIDiI.8ird. lx a IDd 2~ s 'O fL "li\< 1J od s.This has led. to ,

the ,qu~rterlng ,system for dete'rmming lumbar

~h:ieklless, wh;ich~lO'W'$ . Y ' O U ~.ob1li~I'a : r d i . w ( ) o C : U : : hi.

I,4r i t1Lttnicl 'rllessinc.remen1Js fnm i L / 1 in .. o n I ! l P ' . liI.fust

Y<li~ o{'fm:"popular hardwood. species i ! l ! J l three~ fom;

flve. s.lx~e~t,. ten and.even t w e T I i . v , e quarter-tbtek-

n.esses (whieh l "B-ad as SAl, 4 . \ 1 , . , 5 ) 4 " ! ¥ 4 , B A I " . 10 14.311,(1 1 2 t . ' - ! .

on. the la.be~ ,alit the raekl, Tbooeco:rtespo'l1l.d to mDgh

(lJire-.p~all l .(!d.)t h : ru c l rn e s s @ i 8 of : v ~ .n., 1 m n . ,m ~ in., Il h

~n.>2 in.,. 2~ in,

and:3 , in.

I l I A I l m w o o oS U R F - A C I N G

OPTtll~S:

IB he e :d en t 0 1 ) 1 0 1 1 1 ' IlIInI·

wood' l !Ieeds.amounts bl' m.J ' lin

ooeasior!al pmJllct t kIJ' 54!! l l J o < ! r d ~ att he 'y ar d.nu tl l1ool lm lPi ;l nt d on l oo t! t! ,no li 'S

~ ~ JQ 'i~ ~d '~!~t:!1 b!!1b~, 1 1 ' f i I < ! d l ' r n r ~!!Uing

~nto,ptrojed: P'lIits. If fOU have ! I' I. t e8SS·00 ! I' Iil ' o i i 'i f e r . , i l O n .

~d iO ' l bl l. ~ Id J l:sa l umber , whim 5li1l1bas IlltIgjl edIDlS : t iLL t the

m l : < e s . & l ; e lplar:ted' smooth. li'le m o s t etO:Iloot'li~ll~

climes 1fQ"~1 ro I D e : I 'umberyar.d andwil l l fequire ynlltD ,d o

~I I ! O f til(! SlIifae-.e p~l i 'a1i io~ fOlImlll'll.Som~ 1 1 I r n b l l lr y , n dG W i ll

pll1!1~~oo!r :stoCl! fu r a IrK!fI'!lnal~t If you : lIonFto w n i! pla!lell'.

H 1 a r d w o o d ,lom ber G iI H a m W ( lig I ) l l lumkr i$ ' ,gmdetl gd~ga d i f f e r e n t lela~ifi~

e.at io l li l 6 ) ' ,~t 'fml I l ll il ~svftwUiM l6. Grade: ar e b asedl ~

·thf l,~en:tqe I I · d ! eIU f<ace c l!!titl!a t'C .1 1 _ .)9lillde

atq_, .. III bo~nlll'sd~ot$ J ~ ~ '; , p E W " !*~ . .:aM $C I fpll1!h. h«iIll~,gf;le5t~~(cf,eal\est)hI~lawest

(m o st a llo w ab le d efe cts ), H ie s t . t d ' e 5 , a . r ; e ,

G r . u : l e

F :A i! ;,( Fir sts . S ~I! Id $ )

Weet

N o . : J l ' C i i n r m u l i i l

N o , a, 2A &: : i l i f f l ' i Q n u n o : 1 I I

1 \ 10 • .3A , ( : o l T n : o om

Mu~3B C J l I I U 1 0 0 1 i 1

hliCfI 'nta.ge of c I! oo r cu ts .

83~%

C 3 : 1 i f . 1 %

.2S-~1 '



La~ r et ir ll il iu m be r ( )u l!l ets a nd bome~er l l · lm; lke sboppi~g t a r .

IkJmber,e . .~y .IMl ISt lof ~he Inmb.ftVOlim 'Hnellis fully :surfaced an d

re ad y fg r r!lu ild ln g .. Some la rs e:r Ih fiffiiii! c re nle rs e ~s fo ,c k lu m lm '

insl'd,e'~ ifr;.lrept warm ar:ld my. fhedDWfir iklekl an a~Hlli

~m'e!lCl!lI II" i th . .t~ iE !s 'Q ,p tlo ns < " Ir eIl Jm lte tl. ll!SPecl!:IIn~I l ' 0 0

hi l l 'dm!ods.

i

R iecla iB led Ilumbe rI l l n t r e Q e m y e a J s t h G ' J i e bas J I ]; ii lm lcalot !O~:tal~ a1MJ t

l recl ial 'medl l l ! lmlM~Mas t I: :e cl il lmed Il l. !Imbe r. ls ;s a lW {ged

I'rom t!fIe beams and l ' ll imbe rs 'of old b l l i l d i f i l , g $ , lliIisQme' is

rE ioov,e i'e d1 h.m 'th e d liJw de _s .o f t II el G l i' e. it t La:k~. SlId

I l l i l I I l ! H ! i r ' w a s Clltlleclfte:inl v ir g i n f o ! l ' e e ,$ o I! HlilrlulJ! ' 1 0 : r t m O : tl e ,

ap' l a n C l it i !ge :ne . .a ll ~ ~ m4~~i~n:e ,d1 and 'hue.. H : jsa J ig o( pJ re rn ~ ly ~ a~o :n ~ !, o n' !) !'~ a rg e :swiin,p In temperaiui i ' i !

lii~hilinidity s~m l 'h i af fe! : it . ll t . . I !f~lalrned II! llmbe r 15 ,pnel''' '

ally a ~ea ,t [ pt lodl 1! dr a m . d ' ! i! l !!mer t ll ls [ Ii i Il t ls , i idve l i ll l$B' om W e

i f idelJ"et. i I ' h e ' p ric e Im lW be ' Iliglll, I h : OW . e : fi ! l i' , ~LIf ilJ

[~mi!!m , e m s :jI!iI~ gmd.es .

B ~ I !i '! JI ~ ~ iI ~ 1 1 'I e !! 1 t u m 'b 1 9 r l i s 1 " 1 i L ~ [ItI.eallf i yoU l i o : n l , ¥

$(III~ to r o b~ aim lmg [It. B efo l'ili Y l l I o U ~ : j im ~ld ! 'IieQe o t

ilrf!JI~ Q r :dkpD~"g .f boardls, a nd tr im hm , 1 : 1 1 f i i g l remo~

. {l Png p~eQ t , IIXIIII~kIe~1I~w;En,gh : e , 1 ! : u m b e r ' iGl !WCloM i ' tl t -

~ m g . ,: S I I I ' I i I M t m . D S all It f i l : 6 i l d S is to ! !: I e . S 1 r i p p e i l , sanded Qr

R lm l ' t h rough ill I p l a l ll C r : . V l :s u a l l v i l iW~ i1!jy ~la 'I~1 ~tIiIII·

I t m r Ic~lIiIlly .o r dieik ihvltl' l a ~I d'etwiilt 6 e f o : d :

pa~rn.gI I t h rough ,II s. ' 0 1 1 ' R m . e J ! ' , tii, Jj e yl't mereaj~ m o

, 1 1k1 'd enm ota JI ilsunliltS p:RstIilL

Igu~inglumber'

Ws iIuprutant to . know your o p t io ] J L ! 5 f o r !; " rh e J l ) e

00:shop fm' w ( ! I o ( ; L Chain home im~wement storesgene :raU ~f o ffe r a bas ic vaJde ty of f f i 'r.al ' l1.i i ' l lg1umber

and nomil1al sar f i ;wood lbu t ~ry .ittle ha r dwood ,

W h<11: tbeyoo ~8],ry is oftenpr iced lower than. spe-cialty Y < ) J r u stoclk.btlJtilie gt.adesmd ,~l]me~OiD.S

are ' li m : l. t J e d . Heroe : B . 1 ' \ E l a e l ) l, ,1 l f fi ]]eof oth er optiJ l) fi$ 00

conEiider~

C{)n~rw: :. t ;, ( )r yard . '? , . wh,e!1ef r aming and finish

,c;ElTpellJtt.~hIlliYUaeit materials, usualiy offw·a

wk l e J r ' a r r ,f iiYo f hnnbe r o p h io n s " i nd u il im : r; : an "mn[-

men t o : f m r : i l I D w · O ] ! ' k pn"Jlill1.etsa.nd c us tom mo .id il! .1 g s.

Often. they ean speclel-crdar mare:rials that the

·cl1.lIJ1rtStmN.115sirnp1y can't ,supply ; Thcq:uali.ty of

tlhe sw(;k: here is betteI'~atnd the prlees tef1l£ctth.e

,qual~l'Yyou'll. fmd.Specialty yaros: M(ils~m.e""J[I'po~ita.n aJ('e~h~ve

,speciaili.tyyards that, sel] (lrnlyhardwnnds aad

veneered sheet goods.Their~T~maljf cu.~,to:m&s ::;li .l"e

oommeJl i 'cia i l l c a b i L 1 J e t m a ' i l l r e T h ' s , a ; I " J C m J E e e t r o : r a l n l iH\VOl~k

libopsandp1l:'ofes.srona] :~hjf.nitm:e hrullde.l's,. 'W l 1 ! U e

tihe salespeople here ate used to deaUng with pros,

they ar'€ '~_sualillywilHngto, hke~ fewmlinutesto

e : x pW a~n t he : fi l' Jl e JI: 'p o ]: li I. tst o a n nllwl 'e l : iood .~ .1~. row," ,

H o w e v e J . 7 , t i . J I J J e . is . m o n e y ( " ( I ' rthese fo.Jks, s o . th~'Y

won ' t . ap 'l ) l' ec i. a te spen .d ing to o m u c h timeor; w W l a : t

they by .necellS~.tymuseeensldera .m'l: I : lO!" sale, 'rhe

mONT mtl1RLOOK l'IDI!AMONU INDtE ROUGH" : : J~e 1l ' !1!<' !_r¥,

bo~a~!~.~ .~~: ~ ~ l ~ ~ r ' C l e d , e o _ ~ d J

md~~H1r~U~' ~I I

pl 'aneJ; , ¥ j 1 J m<lk tn ~Iffi! . b J e k b it~lI 'Jg ["",Jec:~

_ _ _ I



smclk sold hef1e. here is n IOOl :ma il y S2S orr m'l)ughsaw[}[.

S I D Y O IL l1 . l need . 1 ' J J join®e.[ o:i l : 'p~Eli l l i letto prepare the

lu mbe Jl[ 'h .llrth eIF .E e a w ru re th~t. wbe_[lJbuym,g rt"I1J,gh·

: s a .W11 lumber , you c<M 1' t te l l much a~oU! t tbeeo~()r,

grain O J , ' qu.ality of the board uotn afwiI: Ylflll expose

it to the planer knives.

It;.~gquiteaeeeptabllB~' rumrna~et!lM;ough the

stodt i ' ! !t ~ . iSpooia'lJty yard, but m ake SU IDey'(H],

lI,iiabuild tile staCks as y ou :lo uu d. them. L oru g:'e Jr.

'W i d er bO a lh '.(ls ·b e ru o rn gt th e · b ac k o fth e ra clk .. D o n " t

mix theoo:a;r$ ft-orn d:rffer(;.'lltbim ..Boro:ds lin rtwo

bins may look the same i 1 1 I tl lr .s t g ] s1 1 J . c E !; ,b U i l t ,they

maylbemffe:l~e:nt g~des. Ch,eek.thebO;aJrd e:ndsto

gee if the yard has p a i 1 n l i : e . i ' I dill'eI'(mtllo~Dil'sllhB"re---

tJllecoilmrs represent th~ grades.

B.,.,ing basics

Wh(!!thsr you buy from a ehain store, slP~al'ty or

wntr,;": lrl-oFS Y$i;rdor by[nall~ keep a f " e w basic rules

o ftb u Jw . b .i l.1 Lm ~ nd ""herl l shopp l ing · fOOlpmjeDt h..miber:

]t, ()eV\elop :areruJ:ii~ti(l "(irppmff1iigt. Base

j"ITU!tt ' Ust on a deal' llndlerstaruding m (l()il1l"Ll1t 'J:On

~li!,1IlllI)erropmt~DnEi and grades. Make a pteUmi~

r.uary vis~t~oYOlJ!l· .lumbetym'd, a(lqmt'e a catalog,ot

eall the cUyd.esk befOi ll e ~ea~g home to v erif Y that

U te , rumensioU!; a nd s pe cie s you n ee d! a re a :v aila jl) ll ie•

.Kno~vahead of tim e w h a t ,c omp il" (Jm :i.::l.e ~()1~¢1:!,n

[1I!1mto yOU!]'cui tt~ng al l. .J : I~lli l!opp'rn,glists, ifwlul t

}' 'OU need i~"t~aHa,ble . rnn t he !F igh t S]czc· or .spades.:2.,Consider using J.ess-e:xpensiive woods like

poplar. .(IrpWe i : t i l . hid!dem.mreas ofyn'lllr p~ec ...Wo{) !iwQ lE1 li!: .m :s h ave u sed . .. .econdarY' woods for een-

wl'iesin nnefurnitw'€ and. cabinetry" S8i~g premium

hlmlx."Il 'frnrprorr l inent ~o$oot!]iU";t$ ]A~f 'a ce · fe ame s,

doers, mawa:i l"mlm and tmlewp.s. IDo11l!I~UIl1d.el""

estimatethe v,ersatmlty. ,~om,ya:nd stmct1l.!i1"al

OOn.ef i t s of~lSi:r:t(g sh ee t W )o ds ljk e p ly ;.¥(II{)d a nd

j IJIffrneh.'!bo@ J'ld,e ve r s o~ jd 'W lOo ;( l

3.Factor in about ,30%w,~'te. Asyou

bt"()]me :mme praetieedin est~:mating, Y O f U ' ' H be ableto reduee th]spe~,(lenta~e somewhat. Il'fyGl!lare JMtgetting ~ta..:rtecl.asa W Q O d W ( !J ll i ' t : e l~ , h I L lY more h J 1 I D . b e r

Ulan wha t Y O I L l ' l l need fora project. Sa\f!e y o m :

reor;iptan(l ir€hnn wha tyoJU doa't use ..Pllmb1isl l i led.

p].8it1S oocas]oiL1aUy have err()n:: im sl "J:opp:h1gand cut-

l ; i . . . 1 l ! g lists that wi]] lreqUliI:eY01!llo have mOire mater=

i a i l l onhand, 1 l i f f ' Y O I L l buy lumber l"iI jJl iI_ghsHwn. y o u

may"not discover an m'llsigihtly blemish or pitch

p oeke t lm til a fk ." 'l: you plane it! l~eswting it'llless

UiSsibll ie~.liImbe:rthan y!DU ' jni i iJtiaUy planaed ..And . be

ho:-nest. about y.otu· !!JI\IIf.!I1l"iungemctru:;'~Ona miscsl ~eulated eus lateon < ' 1 1 . \ Satw'dayafrernoon rm:ght put,

-- ------------

General WorkshQP

a n c o o t o y O I J ] :' W l !. . lQ I iv . . - O i t' I, ll ti r l, g flf.rth~ weekead if

.vo'Ul' ~.lJ .J]lbewyard .~;Sl'L'.'tQ ll Je n i Ql l' .!.Sund.ays.

4 . OO: tl !J .p :fms ()R shuJI be:fme you buy. Once

Y l J i U are s ure ofyw:r. ~::nlieCJtlX;)l[~u;hle:rnoo~,ihecll! ! : .

how the prire5 vary arr.ro~ suppliers, Y~d11im.;'l!y

o fI eJ h'd is oo u nts ~ n ;sli:g~ltly, dmnaged lurn[l)er 'Oi l : " 0\'&-

sfuocks, ~peclalmy at I l l lve11tiIEt 'Y wne,

, 5. P~a :m for h€ l IW YOlll'iIIlsafe1yt.nlDSIH!Iri~3irgem.a:teria1s &.om.e. ,especially s i J ! r e e l t g I D O O i s .

I D r the yard me:rsdeUv,exj i : , take advamb:ge of ti]e

service GSpeclaHy if y o l ! J l l ' ooil ly·other I!)ption is to tie

several UIIlwJlcldly sll i lccb; of p ly lV<OOdo t lh c 1 " O O , f of

th e fam: l ly sedan, S m 1 l 1 ! 1 8 Y.!'l irrlswin c u t Y IDm~ .mn .b e rr

~nto more lfi<mageaible proportions f m : " f~e€!:.ru: f r O T I r ill.

mod.e£tcharg,e, If you gcotms )louIe. double-eheek

Y'l)Uln.'ntt:tit1(g Hst :00 you (:8111decide ahead () f tht ' l .e

w'hat ean be sili~oodOW'n wll10ut t ."O:f f ip1'O;mi:8irJ;g

yoW 'p r o ji e et n e ed s.



I P L Y W l ) t ) : D

OIlck~, luslng

a va ll iB ty o f W G C J ; d 1

spedes to , CIIeaUl' title,

c o : ~ e , but: i 1 h t ~ l m . · t t : l I G k

Lamlmakd ' ¥ e ! ! 1 e e , r · - e D I i eP I V '

~ od Y IIitl'l~ m oo th l i ! . a m w o o d

r v . e m : e e r f a G e s is t !h e • I ! ! ! s e d

1II00t f · r v q u . em . t t Y f . o r b u it t~ in p W J e o ts .

PAinCLE·

I B I l A R i D ' ~.I~ed

allllD$t f I lW h ! l 5 i , v e l y

~ . .Ii! s l ! i b s l ! r a t e l f o r

p las t ic , l \am~ lU i. i! teQ]'

l 'eneer~ fls,~jallvfo:r

. O O ! ! ! l I ' I te lit o p s . lit i s · In~1}o-~ ~ 5 W e bid 1 1 0 0ks S l l l f f i i e i . e ! r t

stranglhkl be used for ~ l iIe lv i lmg

ot .s:lnil(ihlli l l~ Imembers.

Sheel:goods

The basic strueteral com.ponent of cabinetry isWilla form of sheetgood!s; most frrequently plywood.

OtheJ:mmmaifi~Y used , g T h l e t ; ! l t goods :a;:!-epi8ilrtide-

bo<.\ffi , flberboru'a, l T I€ ! !l am i ne p< l iIi l! e ~sand hardbeard ..

The.sa Inak..~ial8rome inlIl.~rulywhea y,w need to

eover a br"OadJl~je:{\t area wit1ho.utin.cluilil11g· seams,

Sheet ~ood ;s are d~n_ sio :nally stabll ie {the. lle i ll s no

substantive wood grain to (lO ~ren d\v ith ) .o ;I:t];d'e~a·

tively h: ' lec>:pel! l$ive,whe:n O()ilnpared. milie price of

s . o . H r l . IUITJ!ib&.. Y o u . ' 1 1 t 'i J l jh ' . il 1 ! .to t h e m 'lime a n d t im e

ag3:~n fDr diff~.e:rut woomllocking .a.ppUeatru.ol!lS"lli:.,re

is an. overview of·t.he O p l : i io : I I S yau'[] fmrl at moot.hmne Ce:ITIWl"S and l'l)lmbay.M'd_~

P l /Y W [ lo o . p r n , y \ v' !O O l o ds f a ;£ b im 1 ! £l d .f r .O ' m s he e ts o : r

wwd.V1enee:r,IJ!rimarUy p~neand ur: :B y oJl"llien.ting

Ul ,e wood . grain of each lamieated sheetso ad$Iact."(I][ .

sheets Me perpendieulen; the produet is able to

withs,wnd greater stress than eenstruedon lumlber

of fhe· samethieknees, In .~.clmtio<n.,it is more

d im e !M I ~o if ia ]l y s ta b le .

M ost].ll,lln'be:ry.aI'lis sboel i : l imnj j tu . : t ' e~ ' tad(~p] .ywOO!d

~n several til1l:i.ckn.es_se5 .(liM f-ace Y'C!. 'IIeeJ.r opUmls

(pline, red! oak. b : i H ~ . 1 h .and maple arethe messenm-men faee v en ee rs), L u mb ery OO "(ji3 can ()tder p lywood

witllh dOE&lS o:f,ai:llrl.itiomal ¥elllOOl" options.

M E D I I U I M ·

ENSIn' ,FIlIm,

BOM B' ~:M DF] is

~ 0 ' W 1 ! 1 ! g I f l I PQ JK l i l i n i t ; y~ :a ! " ,meer ~ _ b s 1 I 1 1 A : e ,

p a r f l t o i b ! J e , '$\!~~II:Ie.a . . .d as

. a IiaW mater h ll fo r' I il lo f« li in p.

• .~I M E l A M ] I N E

the I R I I : e J S J l l l l! l e ' Icrea te s a

mu cll s t~ r 10000 ftla Q Y Qu

c . !I n a c l tl le : v e I b y .a P P t y li ll lg plaf5tk

l am ina ll !, y tM l lr sel f . .

Ch~g th e J rig ht p ly iN o oo f O l r yourW ([ l! )d lW ( l l' ;k~

~rlg:'ojecl is an im p@ l!'U m .ttask . In a.ddilt<O.nto 1 i 1 e'li.13:rious cere, th~clrnelllB and faoovan'EleI· cptions,

you 'H 8100 · t . l . ( ; l .edtoIml~e a. decis. ion. Q.l1 tbtl pJywooo

gm.de.Easn:ca~ruy , there .e two gTadliRg 8Yb'ielnH in

uset>oc1.ay.The one most peopleare farmiliar with [S

a.dminis tered. by th e A P:A ..(!Engineered Wood. t \mr ; . .

c ia r ti JO . ! 1 ,f o o : ' . n - ~ e : -r ] yi ;h e A m e n c < l !n P i y w v o d Assl)ci::a:l:iro).

TheAPA grade

s ta :rn pS (S ee

Illustration,

next pag 'e) aID e

f~ttndofiiSar!id~d.pi l ly-

weed , s'ffi]e~th:ingand. 5 t n . u : , T h m ~ . a i l l

(C3nedpe~rmr-

mance-ratad)

panels, Along

wi th . gradulig

each ~J(le ·ofllie

p~ooo by let-

tel' (A to ID) or

purpose, theA.PA pewf~H'_

manee-rated



General Worhshop I-- - - - -- - - - --

starn.]? 1ist$oth~ infurnlation such

as exposure iratmg, maximum

a 11 0wab ille s iPClifi, ty pe of w ood used

toma~e the [I)"IIiesandthe identifi.

'cation number offue mi~mW}l'~

th e J P f W I ~ 1 was marrufao1 j.1,QIcd ,I\funy bardwend-veneer sanded

plywood pa:n:ei.:;~gJ'aded b, y the

f la :r dwoOO . P lyv rood a il ll ld .Venee r

Assoo~lJon ( HPVA ) . T~l& HPVA

gra.d]ing numbers are simd.lol"to

those e o o - n p L o y e d by APA; . the:y ~e:~er

to a ~~eegrade ( f m l 1 J . 1 l . A to E) and. a

baCk grade {from 1 to . 4}.Thus,. a

sheet of pllywooo ~It; has HIJl~e~

mium faee (t\) and a se-se b~Jclk.3)

wIDwd. 00referred te

. r u ! J A~ by

HPVA (~nd.AC by APi\J..

Partidtebl!)~ P art~ de bo ard p()sse sse8 sev era l

·I ,l : raque qil l l ;aUties th:a:tn:llght make ita. good oo()ks for

yOUi' [It;:Xi!: built-in prqjoot-particul;:rr[y Jifth~projeCJt;

ineludesaeeunter O!r taMetop,P:ar'tlidBbo.ud is V'E; 'lry

cim.ensIcmaUy s~ffilLe(ilt; ~s:n'tlikely to lffi:panc\, 000.-

tract or wru:~);~th~sa :fe~.ativebrsmooth surfaeethat provides a s . m m · b W B substrate if'IDrarnmate; it

comes inavery wide l I . " a n g e of~mckl1!es.oos and. pa! lJ i. e~

C i : f u n . e . t ' l l S l m l & ; and it is ]n~nsiv·e. Bu:tpartideboard

does have $O: I1 r i! e .d t 'awbac1km~ t~ac l! !: J !.s t iIDl ct~ss .~

sb~],' stm:ength; it h~s p o o : m . ' s c :m c e w '- h o ld j .n _ g abiHty; it

de{,tt ildJBs'i l/benE."..NposOO .to m.oistm.. 'le; ifs~o CCi,m :-se

~nblhe c m '0 ·to be s ha pe d. e ff ec t.i i.V 'e ly ; and les rnleavy.

Mediiimt·.-densiity fiberbuard (MDF.h l\I.ID,F [8

similar to pm1:il ic l .eboSJ' I"d.inco.nsti t t : l . t ionj but is

denser and heavier. 'l'he smcothness ..and detlsity of

Uftd,rstandiU I a J i d e 4 p~ grade " tamps,

EVery ftfliid plywood Isslafilj;led'w l l l il g i a t l ' in . c : ~ n f o J l l O O . H D n .11 l1 'l 11~ t, gr 8de p81 'l ~1 8 ,sud! a s

e x :r e :l li o rh e a il b ln , g, ~ h e, s tamp e a n IbelfoUnd i ' n t mUI:f i,pieIlICatiollS o n b om ~ s. Pane~ M uh

IDni;llbl!tte:!'-gradQ face l!! 't l s t a m : p ' € d (lnls o n . I ! h e b a d k , aoo I n I n c l 6 ¥!il'h~D b e H E l r - - g ) t ' a d e , f a c : e " ,

'i!r~5b/;J1~ (It!Die

edl~s.

MD F lJ1 3ike :it, a g o o d S~ .d :D s b 'a :~ e chO 'i ceo r v e ne e re d

pro~e()ts;the rou~~ surfaee of partidleooi<'lll'l:l and

most p~ywooiJIsdo not bond as dleanrny,.vi i l l . thin

wood veneeI~ YO r[ !ca n e --v en bm in a.o o la.y e.r.s oiflIDF

t I D , Cl:~eateb~udill"al components t l l tn8 i l t eenbe

V€. lI loorOO Oi l: 'padn ted . " M D F is also rna-,easing ~]l

p O l lt 1 i 1 < . 1 J r it y asa te im m oL cfu ,g m ateria l

MlBlonml i l f l boom: Melamine is fasruQ: lJi .eclwi th

a pa . l" t i ic l e ll :ma td ,oow.( ! w ith o[ 1!e o r tWil)l plas t icIemi-

nate fa(les. Thiclu'le~ l'll!J.ge from ] , , 4 to ,~ in.

Sl:ocllr!.colors tJ;t most ~ .um .b eJU 'a l'i is a!:1dbt! i l l id ing

o er-n te I'B g en el'a U y a re l fumitedto\l iM te,. g.ray; a.h ' i l !Qnd

and , some t i ~ if .J J e s· ~ ; a ;c k ,. f h e I P < l J I ' l ! e i s a re rn."'el 'siz.ro·iby

1 in, (a 4, 'X Bsbeet ~sactnaHy 49 x 9'7 in) beC8!IUse

tlhe hritUe melamine has amnckmcy to dri.p BI t the

e d g es a J l~U 'a _ ru sPQ rt. lPbm.w trim fresh edges,



,26 Woodlworlting

A . RED ' OAK

Uses : : I:mrool'fu..ntitme, t rim , l lo o ri ng ) ~m . f \ i ' l ' OOd and "~I]U!e'Ilil

&p..~~ U n ite d S ta "te 3 a n d C an ad a

Cb~t '~cter~ics : Stroi.ghlt, wid,! , ' :grain pat tern with, ]~n'gel: 'Po~ \ 5 0 Tan ton , . :; ,( J l m s h . ~ m k i l i l ( ) Q ) : L L m ~ " Q.u;aI~\liil1g W i ~ ru s narrow madellary : r n r y s .

W')l'liabiUty: I \ 'l achu1 .es eas , ;ly wi 'L ll : sj l< ' ll rp s teel o r carbide b lades an d b i t s . . ,

N of-prone to burning wh e n madiin ed , D rl1 1 pUo l:.hoil le8fu."st fo r nails o r screws.

i F i n : iJ S W : n w , T ake s sta in s an d. e lea r f in ishes w . but; pd,~'fBSw in show

t lrrougill ifpainted Illliesslhe)' are ~med

P rio o~ ,M o de nrte

lB. WintlE OAK

UiS!eS; fudoo ,r a n d outdoor f ' \ D . - : - n i t u 1 ' ( l " t r . i m " f loor ing, p l , } " " i v , o o d an d ,~ neersS01J1. IDe s: Un i it ed S ta te :; , e n d C~ ]l ,8 !d a

Chn.ra iCte ' r i i s t i ies : S k a r u g h t ; W L O O g r a :i n paM : e r n, t an with ye l lm' i ' 'to eream

tints. Quart~l;\'illg l"e\~eall ,"\v : idenl£duH.ary rays . Natural l y n~si:st3.llttod eterio l'a tlan m om U V f ! lu . m g ) ] ! J t " in se cts a nd moisture,W i i J lF k a b il i . t y .; M a : d i l 1 . (! 'S e 'B E M y r o th sharp :sl :wl O I" ,m ,r bi de b lad es an db :i ~$ .;

.No tp r one t o ' b urn in g w h en m ~ cltin ed . D 1 : i l l p il ot . ho le s f i l r s t f or oa i] s ,o r s cr ew s ,

FiniShiing:: Takes stains and clear finishe.s lil.~ered oak, but narrower pD1:ros:

rud'uolil' the ] l J € e d l i " r l " f1~l i i r . lg

Price: 1 i lW e r : . 3 ! w W ,eXlp~ve

, e , . I HARD MAPLE

U s e s : h'b.do(r!"lUIJlitu:[e,1l:rim, f ! O O f l: l1 g " h u . ' l i h e : r b J .O O l \l : O I lm I B t o p s , i n s t r u -

ment s, pl. y\v ,( I0 0S and venee 'IT t!

SOl!I!rCf!'.s:;Uni ted States l in d 'C anad a.

C~aeb,~fdsU,es: St ra . igh t, wide ,g r ,am 'W]~h ()('IC;!lst0!l1al bmi 's eye 'Olt f iddle-b a c k fi g !1 l O O . Blunde heartwood

Worlaibilitr.milicmtto ma ch in e 'w i th o ut ~tb]de blad s and bits. Dullblades wii l leav;e bcrns,

Finii~g: " ' a k ! e s ,~ILeari : [r i s h . e : s V l 'C I l , but staining maY' p l 'o d w . ' I ;l U I J ± c l N ~ S

Pr ime : M o dera te 0 0 e x r A : ! l ' l S W e , depend ing (lnngurt!

u~ I nd o (lrf um i t.n re , c alt m etry , c arv im g ,tu rn in g, p ly w o od a nd \rIBne~rs

S01l1!rt lC'Si U n i t e d S ~ t e s a J ] l : U C a _ ] } a _ d a

Ch!3Jl"aci ;en.~t ics: f m c , g r a i n . patrem w ith $D1oothOOxb.~. WOod . o o l t l ' t i n u e ; < 3

to d mko en as : u :t ~ and is ~to 8' lJ . IIl igIXt,

W O ! I .' lr a i b , ii U t y . . I v f u c l : r i n I BS ea:.c;i)yw~ th sha rp stee l o r ,carbide b lad es bu t ismore prone &l,m~cllin.c bums

Finishing: 'lakes stains and cl.oo!I' finishes well

Price: Moderate

E l l W A ! I .I '4 U 1 i

U ses: Indoor finuiture, cabinets.. musical mr:oi:nmlents, docks, o o a :H w i ld i n : g "carvingS(]!~8: E< '1sil:em U nited S1tn!lies ,arul Ca1W_d.I)~

C b al 'o otm is tiic s; S tt,a ig ih 't, flfie grain. Mo~.e:r ,a ' te lyhei l tv,}c.0~ol ' ntf .i@ES f rom

'I~;:ifkrOrwilio purple or black,

Wnd:abili!~:y:: , G u . t < 5 and dri1ills,,easilywid\ sharp ' ! : I l l u l s m.tihou1tblrn._g

Fbdahlng: T~ nalt;ura)frni~lbes' l e . a u t i f u i l l yPrice; M o d f . T ' O I o o ,



Gi l . , H I I C K . o R Y

U S G S ; Spo rt in g , eq -u ipmen t.h an di ll es f or s tr ilc iIDg , tools, fumit1 l l !re. l ) ] y v i r o o c l i

M dt YmOOJrS,

So~es SoutheaswrnU m l t - e u . States

Ch3!!I'acieris;tclc;s: S~ht to \vavy grained!. with . eoarse textnre , E x c e ] J e : n t

s['lOO~-res]Sitanre, '\\V o [·k .a li'J Jiity : B e nm w e n , b ut h nu be :o ch atd n .e ss will. d i u! ] s oo eJ !. b1 ad e s a nd .

b it s ( lu ie k ly . ~SJists mach ine b 1 l M ' n i f i g .

FlllisJllng;: Takes 8 J w i r u ; and . o~e~rf in ishes .wel l

Prl .ce: ~"I'i~.Ve wh e re lr 'e g ]o o a'l ]y $ va iJ .a b ~e

F~BflRCHUses;;KiWien ' I l ren~ooy~ ,d(rI,.V,e]s,rim , rdy w om d ami veneers

S01llU"CeS:: Unllitei:] SI:~ailm Canada

Ch~nr if ie tc: ri8U&i! ; S t J' () jgh t gr a in wi th : f ! i l l !~tu_rreail l !d tight [JtlUlJa8"

Wo:rk~ib! l l :~ M a c 1 :t iJ n e s e . t I : s M l y lvid'l! s h r u : ] ) s lt e e l o r cal' l7 ihie M ades f I I J J J d i bib! .

amOOnding p1"O]J '; l11 .l ies .Drlll piillot hob f'ffst Fur 1 0 0 1 8 or :5C!:e'WS,

F~!Il:i!shtmg; 'T a k e s i I 1 :r ri s h e : ; ;lvell] b u t w e n e t : :r a I ti :n g ' 'loodsta:i~ ]@y u-roilucehlokh:IDg

P:rice:fu~H:r~M'i<iveto'moder:'l!t)e

I N , . AsP:E!N

1Jses i : A 5 00 0n ria ry w o o dlu se d fu r d r awe r b ax es " cl ea l$ j : nJ .r ut e:m a nd ( il :h e l'

~ l Ii cMm. s , IDrue turaJ . furl l :Mture (;illlJ!~~l':nenrh:>.Gra§fu.

So ;u rees ; U n ited S ta tes < 'l ir~d anada

'ChHaemr~~ti.e~ m:mlis~able, tight g~.'ain .a:I. :~

'W o ,& , ;o h l l i ty :: M ~ " { I 'h :i ] 1 : _ ~, ! £ ! a ~ l y with S c h a r p ! ! , ' ' l : c IBmr e a rh id e b b l_ d e s : 3 i : ~d I .l Ji 1 t S "

Fm ~ B e 1 t W r S I I :I .i te d . f o :r pamt ing t h a n :s~.ruill i lg. N g l l l t g r a ~ l 1 p r n tV i .d e sm1OOM1,fJ~ill1lt;lble surface ,

P ri.c e: m n ex ;p e- oo iv e

I. , WHIiI1E ASH I

Uses : . F u l : ' l d t m r e , b o a 1 t : oo rs~ba s eba ll ·b iA ;. s, h and le s f o r smkh'1g'l lo01s. , pool

e e e s , v e J 1 : e e tS

~O"lnilces~U n i t e d ! S t a t e s r n ' H : l { '> . Jm & O O

!cnorKe:te:il '.i!:stic~ St<r,aig lht ,w.~de gFd in p at te rn wi th roars!:!' tex.ture. ~laJld.

and dense with exceMle:n i l ;m{)ck"I 'es i . . .~N!ce",

Workahlnty~ MaJ:hines ,~ily with. sh~l1}steel ,o r cadril:ie bla;tf~ and r u t s . ID:cl]. p l i h : ! ! tbJ1~eslnm,tm' n a i l s 'n r s e r - e w s ~ G J 1 e e n " 'a sb a f t : e n ~.sedfoirs t e a m !bending.

FM~g: ' l ~ t : : : l s ta ln s and d e . < J . I " i f f f i i s l e . s we]]P ric e; [ ue xp en si:v c

l.~iR

1 U~ ; 8eo ond (jj'Y wood fW[UmitiliJie and , eab i il le . tr y ,smi lar ~,~fi.

C s r r v : l i n g , . ve t le e I cs : ll ll dp1 ll lp foo : pa~ :

Sou~ l i ,l e s. U n . te d l S~:.(l j tes

,eh;;l1'~del'lstw~ iil1e-textQtled with sti'$ght, ' \ I i , ' : i ( ! . e grain pattern. ~. to,grl~ or greenin oohJr:

'Wo :- l" l\ ;: ab it it y. M : ad ti ne s easily with sharp dool o: r carb: ide bladesand b~!ta.

N o t pl1iDUem 1'JIl]mmg Whr..'l1 macil l iood, D r i l l pim bo le s nrntt.fur ] u l .H s :Q J : ' 00IeW8.

Fb :dsh ing : B ettf-J su ited . tbriPainting t han , sW. .nin:g~Tigiht g ra in p ro vid es

smofi i~ , p a Ji ll tS ib le s t l r faoe .P ric e: In e.x pe :n siv c

/



Common Softwoods

A,. ~IIiI1E PINE

OS~i [nd00ir nu :m tw~J p ly w o od , v en ee rs a nd tr .rn l, ~ ~)n si!rU '~ tlo nlumhel'iSmcI!mG.'!ii U nH e d St:iiiJt::esaoo C~a

Ch~te!l'i9tiiC!!= S®rrughtgr~lli w:litheven wirtu.ro and tight p r n J e SWl l» t ka bi ll it y.M .< il cl ru :Le s: e a: .s ~y i ! i i r t l : ! s h a e p i ' 3 < t e e ~ .Jr ' carbide b ]ad.es and Nts .Not proneto burning ! i .- im..41m.achine[i., Lower resin ( ) f l[ Ib ; ,' I' Il tt h~n oU: I I; !r pines,80 tu1l.tin:g· edges stay ,eJ]eSJiJ9W](m~:

} l 1 i ! J u ' w " S tr m -n s m aw b ]o re h w : i. th . o u t u f fi n g' a : 5 ta ri nC lJ nb: 'Q [~e rf ir st . ' fu li esc le @ i I~ " ! l ! n d . p a . i I l t . r : : w , e l t

P ric e: I ne }:: p,e [! ~i v; e

B ., WES TlE RH R ED DED.AI

U s es ~ Ou .k lo u!ii f un itu re , exlt.l;r:im" mil lwork , interior Blnd ex te nm: : f l1dfl~g

&;~(lS; U : u . : i te d S ta t e s < 'l l ! l 1 :dC m a d a

Cha [" actms ti cs ; S t, ra :ig ih t , vm1 i E1Weg rai: npa1t il :e r n. \1 i, rjt h ,("Qal'S€' texWl 'e ., ,OWe ! ' dens .J lt yand fairly lig ht.-w e ig nt" S <'!w - an.[ !. sand[og dust ' [ ' .<:\1} 00 a

~RatQr} ' i : r : r lwnt Na:t~:v :ref.istal]~oo { l j®tef lm"ailt iO:n from UV sur i l lgbt ,insects and ]]lGi~h;lJrC.

WI!)Fbb~Uty. 80ft wm'[Dositioo machJnss B 1 3 . J l , ] i l l y b11Jftnd g a ' 1 J ! l U ]~pnrllet(i1s p U [ I ! O O r . i n g ' a:ndoo~olli,]t

FIin.i$ht~n,W ~Jm~s :swim; vm d c lem ' f in is he s wel l , b ut , oli ]s in wood ee n bleed

th mu gh p Brn ted fin ish es OO ID ss p 'r .~ .m L > r is a p pl ie d fi~tPr i eee Ime.~pBlli!ih!e to m m :J e~ ~ W h e : r e r : e g U ( ' lD ; a l ll i. y avai labl ie

c~AnOMAl'lCIOEDAR (liDiNESSEE)

Use s :: : N a tu r nJ ly -m: :w l 'l " .i n g oils seem t : o l. ,, ® p e l n w t1 s, m .ii1 :g this w ood a

o ommon d oo et a nd Oh es t~ in i(] ;g .A l :s ou ~d fu r VBI1:Bernmd outdoor funliitu:m,

Soun.:es: Eastern United 8t~s lilJ:lidCanada

Ch~rllC'~Q\'.i isti ic8i .sb.~.igh:t~o Wffiry grain pa rt tem \v i: th 1 ine te x tn ;J . 1! e.R ed to

hl ! . lLm oo;],or wi l l i dramatie stFeaks ,o f : ' j ' Ielo~'ISan d ereM1'ISc D j] gl in ct ::i ro rn a' rmJ l_ j t~dwhenmammed , : B ] ] : d J . d ll St, 'C 3iI "J i0 0 a r es p:i:r aJ oo ry irri~]]t.

WOl'kahm~:y: : . hf udh lnes : :i ]m ]~ ;' J! lI :~ ,yo westle'l'I1 rod ood8ij 'Fin.m:hi t lW Takes stains and ' cl !ea . rt :imshes wellP r .i i c ~ J l" n e x p e ru J :i . v e

tD . RiEDWOOD

iU:8e;$~ O u M . u o ; r f~miture. decks a n d f en ces . s id in gsO'~~ W e s t o o a t S t , o f U n i t e d . 8 tr : . a r l i e s

'C1l iaraderist i les: S t r a " v , g h t . f ine gr~dn.-w:l iIfuJ.fe:;." lk.notsrblemishesR01a tive li y l igh t weight " Hledd:iS:h~ . ~ W l l with { ] J " G ; ; lJ 'u H . !o l i O O J e t t ~apwood.N a J L 1 L l r a l y l lBsis~1l!1; .~ dereno:raJL"if in ili"filll trV ~un] i :g~t , i t1SCCts an d IDoistuJ:.e,

W@l! 'kabi i1 i ty. M ~~h : in e . s :;i(flU: stH),d)s: etl.silIy

l f ir! i~sb:!:I1ig;Meg: s ta ins and dear f ] i I 1 i s ~ l B Swei.P ri ce ;: k b:le J:: aw to expensU: '! !I eand not w i d e ly , a lj , r m l a b ie in a l i i . n o:m lm l d iro ~tm

I. CYPRESS

U . : ro s :: E x I ;m ,o r si.rliingand ~;3!,t. bm i f f i . U i r n g . ] [ o te r t r u · a :w n . n ~o:r t r im, 00ams ,] lo®r: lngt ,caM n etzy w d p a n . c o i l i n g ,

~nle= ~'1iss;i$Siippi d~'lbn::.giQI].Qnh~ Uni ted Statei5Cba ra ct cr l: s't ci cs : S tr n: ig 'i ht , eYm . w a r n PS!ltteil1 ~r j~h lm'll res:m v o m t e m .N a ' m n il;.to dGterim'atjo:n from L TV s r L 1 l l l 1 i . g h ~ , i . L 1 S e t h iandrne i s tu re ,W Q [" M ac1 ln.esand. sands ,eas i.lyJ:ll ' iM:shlug: 'Thles stainsand dear finishes \ ' i ' l e i l l i l lPr ice ! l r! .expe ll is i :ve w.h i1 r r "emW o[l~l .ny nV< l ih~h l e



.A~P"-DAUKU s e s : l a : l . d .o o r b . r n 'i [. ! I . 1 J : ' i e '~ ,mb:me~ , f i ' o o r i . n g , t~g; , veneerSO'IUCel, WIiJS'tAf ' r ica

Characteristics; Coarse teN.turc, stl '8. ight interloekedgrainWnrlf:ahltity: M .ach i n e s ~ asily w ith sharp s te e l o r , e.a rb :i d eh la c le s and bibsFinishiQ~Takes s~ B :insand clear f in ishes we l lPri(~::IJ.'fua;.elI'8te to e~e:I"l!Si1ire

1 1 \ 0 ~ESRAWOOD

Uses: Tm-nrng, inlaJ'i ~ll:'aJti\'e veneers, f l l l rnit lU18 and cOil lbi i le 'b)'

S o:u oo e;W e s t A f ric aChai 'acteristJie-s: I n t e r l o e k e d , I l: igh t and dark v ,a r ig a 'O O d ~ail1 pattern.W ~ k u W W ; t y :: 8 o m . t f w T h ' . b a . t di:fficult til)' macl !i in e. Us e c ; n ' b i d e b m 3 ) d \ e s a n d b I t s

Finislbing; Can he diffienlt to stain e¥l:!'ruyPri!oo;: Exp nsive

c . , WE . NG £'U~ [nmal_}) ' i: n r.mng , ,dooamt iv' e ' '€!lle~r.s·

So1!li~ EqO!ar t~ 'ia l M ticaCbarael: .erlstics: Hard, dem e stl'a igb t g ra in w ith OO~ 'Se 1texJi<m,e- .eavy ,

W :O 'EkM i iU t y : I I i J _ lI steel b la de s a nd . hits quichl}~s o ,c arb id e c utte rs a rer ec omm en de d , D r ill [pHolt ho l es t i l l - s ere w s a nd rra'ik

~g: !ra te s s ho ok ! be HUed t:e&rre !finish is app:Ij[ledP rie e: M ! Od era lfte ,

D'" HoNDUR'AS, M A M O O A N Y

U ! !e s: I nr lo o :ra n d o u td o or tlu:rnitu':re, veeeer s an d tlim;boat-buildmgSollfl\C@S~ Cenb~ ( i 1 : :il ld S f'U t h A r r r 1 S r i C E l .

Cbarac~erlsMcs:: rSb~id1~,n J 1 ) e : i ' 1 o c l H d fline grain. I D , i m J I D h i G n a U y s,table.WO l 'k ab il ii ty :: M a rlm es 'l l'r eU w : i J t h caJ:'mde b ~a de s a nd bitsFinishing: -Takes maiusand deer f in ishes wellp';:joo: Modemw

E . PURPLDlEARli

UM l Si 'fo ol O~, deoo.~'aiti'li.f'~m J . a ,y , ''(l,~ in d oo r. a nd ooW,mrrfttmi'lJttre

Sowmes: Centraland South AmeIiC8.Cb8lf'actcr~tics.= Straight ,grain . i i t i h OOi l l "Setextmre

Worbbilii:y: Gum deposits :i n th e w ood make j~,difficult to m a eh ia e;rutting edges dun q il l, ck lyD n i i$ 1 l r _ W , w flbkes stains and . ,deru' n n l : 5 b 3 s · ! j \ ' \ c l ii"ri.cG: M~'

I F . . TEAK

t J~ s :: B o a J t- b ui ld in g ,U i : oo o r ,r u ld ou'I)(Ioorrfurcituro~ veneer s , f looringSourCefij. Bo.'I!]t l leas~.Aa;ia, Mica, eeJribbc~Ch.a:rac·[email protected]: IS~:.ai :ghtgrain with . oily te'xtlJi]le.D en se an d hard.WOl'kabf l i ty ; : High sili!ro. content wlilll dWl i .steel b r u l e s . a~d bits qruiicldy.

Oily surf acre require d!eaniilg with mirternl ,spirltsfirst: Oirglue willl10t bond .Finishing. : Thmls o il : fi ni sh e s w e l liPrice: BlI1lemive

G i l. ROSEWOOD

Uses:: In lays . j [,u rnmg,\' i~nee ' t I3 " I I' .ab il ii" O : Y i furniture, mlllBical. i instr lU1l1e~tsSQm~ces: SoutJwrn IndiaChm : '8 :c ~ e ri st i. es .: l n it e do c 1 ed gr,am v;;rith me(Hl1:Oi . '1:0008l'Se bi! :Klure

Worknb:iiUty;:: Dense str~ dun s ru ttiin g s qu iddy

F 'm is h i_ Qg 'l: T ti1 re s s ta in s and cleaI'finisoo8 v;'oe

P ric e:: .E x pe n siv e



I

I.



GO.O.d

wOQd~r.l~~rs. &r.e~~t lW5 t " lmm.~ f ~!)xse.there ~E!S to he some knack and ~ee]_ fur

w h at iiisT ig ht, R urlw e a . l ! ] , have it to so:rue e~tei ! \ t .

,Bu t D .1J )r ei ru :wx 't .a l :i L~ l syour tn l )wledge e f ' lhetooEfii i ,you.

need., and the sltiUg required to ' I1s-€ them ,ej'feern,~ely;

Th~t's whllt thisWooou'Ork~llg Tools '& 8.k .ms

chapter is allabout, Hrst" yot lwruH gain an under-

s t and ing I ] ) f th e to ols easenfial to i51 i1~ce5s(Ul 'WOOdworking , . 'Ii 'h,en YOl l !

r e c e l V 1 @ d,ei!t.uiled'j,te:p·by~step instructions t h a t slUJw youtec lm iques

an d ti[p8 fo r u sin g iIillilo seto ol" , &;"[[eiy and efticielltly ooru.alIel iJeauti l luJ

projects .YI:i'll ~ouldp:mbf!lh~yrnem:]1 i l :h . e s e i lt & l h n i q u l @ $ 'O'llyl)lI!)![' own ...

through an awfhI r u o t of trial and ,S'~O'it But a wocdwod.ti:_l],gcareer is

ro o shor t -~md youtpefS.OJl1l1 sl i 'wl)Ptim e too vMu.ablLe--- - to spend m o omuch 1;;imeumnmg y,olUlT$ltil l1! ' l~hese pages get you S ih esd l o f th e ,

W1ooowork:ing g rn nl@ . .



M,easur ing, Mla.rjki in,g

& Layo'u't

S'.,IilOOessfulwarkshoppro]:ects, start with earefel,•..•.··.1accu:r3.t;e JIiI!e~l!l1'illg:, markiing a,od lay,~tr[;.nlie

:n1o.s i l ;critieal e lemen ts : runthese steps of the process

are g@Od plMn:li')g.acc~Jte IDe.aH1;ilJ .i~l1gand. USfr .!g

311arpntMl:tingmO:~slltatcrea.te . re ad a ;M e Iines, 'l'iH3'

level of precision needed varies aooordifJJg i I x D the

in1lrIca~y and f lo m ple Xiity o f JilO trr project. R .o i J l l g l l i l

>ea~.try (:for exmn.pl1e"putting' u p :O iItu dwalls 0,[

inetallmg Uoo.r 1LI! l! lderlatym,e:nt ormo.f deCkirt,g)

rsqaires a certain mnom: i i.1 !; : fc :m}@, bu t ~e :ne ral ly

YilJUean

aCh ie ve s at~ fa ct( lo ry re sa le s 'o oi!lg ro pe

IUeil8l'll:eS" mmi:ng squares and a l u rmb~ pooc.ili as

a . markingwot 1'rin1 C3Iipewlt!:'y Qil1strum'lfg mok'l.g

:Ullg$ and decor.~,tiv!eU'jm)re~rtnires ah~ghe:f' d..egree

of a~c t11:ra .cy~so you'U "II .VS!ll .to invclve s tee l ru les ,

lev,e]s; ; tnd. Mlgle ga)~~b] file J.JWl1es~,. gom l

sh:ll"iPpend~w:ill1ll5willy give y ou IDB L n ic in g lin es

ofaccepiltable aeeuraeyFine WOCIC~wor]ltil1g carnies

the highest etandard ,ofSLG'el1l ! l "aCy.You:,]~ want to

u se 1 1l1 oik in g ga~~@, . ( i ompas s e~md <lrJiy o fa widese1e~uon o f spee :i ;; U :ty me< ll. s lJ ]i '[n g too,h; ;w~:re

well-made pmjlec,ts" G e u e 1 " a l i l l y , . a ID<l$'ftting kni'f~ or

a . s c ra t ch aw~i s t h emar io : :. in , g tooli , lI C h o ic e . f o r

fmewooUrwo:rkI:IlJg,



R'aling: Ima!rhhi l1g'Dols:Four degrees 0 1

': a,cCliilracyChoo s :i :n g t Jh e b e st m~rll!:i:ng t Q O : ~ f o,r y om projlect

is amattl";!!l: Of\V1ei.g,hlr.t! i.g tl~ ::a.illOUil'1t ofto~er.llnc~

you're 'W:iill in:g to ~(;efJ1t~gruns;tflIDereadabilit-Y' 'O f

the ]it.le8 you 8-crib&---c8!iii well : 8 L ! 1 l the e8£e and speed

w~th.which ' the tool cmt be tlaed.. Markin;g .kniues

CTea!t;e hlghly aCCiIi l!rate lines b€C3l i ! ,1 :Sethe tlath~~de

rid es fh lJlsh S !g ains t a . straightedge and.out_s t Jhro1;1~ 'h

wood. flbersaudgraln oonmm:'8i that can eanse a.

pwcll W waver. TheyIre fue too~ .o f cl'lJmce for moot

m n € ! , wnodwerkiag pro jeci&, .sermelr, awls also cut

thMugll fibe~md W."<liJ]Il, .but, the rnand s T I . " I a i f t .

eausesthepeiatto be o:ffsem.s]igltt~~y&omthe

s t r .a i : ,gihtedge.mes secrsd with a scratch aw l UiI18

easier to seebeeause t'h("Y.!rle "ividerj wbi!ll;:h is espe-

c i a t r u l y helpful when,msmcki IDJg ~ftWQf;h1~,PeJ~dls ar e

poyu].~ m:8i~d'ri:ngroo]~fbr FQugh.carpe~[lh:'1 and

some woodworking tatsks. A r e gl "l l.s w p ;j ll €U sharp-

ened to a fi.H@ point willCf'eare a. faiidypreci:!fle,

readableIine, Lwnber pendls require less frequeat

shm:penm,gandcruate dm];;~highl!y l ~ emdaWe Iines,

---- ----- -----

ltle.asuring, Marking & Layout

----

Tips for scribing & ~ayingout

U i S E A 'Wli lnE f E .f U lI, Lr u ma !1k l o o r R " t OO k I : . e d

~r like, i I lnli i l !(l1 ' lni orwalh ui.

USEA :SI lIDil lNG",BEVntotr<! llSh,rang 'k ls tG

: r o u r wo l l 1 ! i J l e c e .

b ; lo i~ b ; l m ! l ke ! iI ~ l: ii ~ fI I; '! Il 1 Ii I ~~I

s1tallJi leoollfer lumiJt;r p!!IJ1;II!!,

l R A 'I Ij i S F E R G l l I E l ' D R A W I N G S b I ymIf I '~ le te

Iij' d ral 'l in ga sca le lt !; ri d , n Je tl i ~1 l4 l leB li fi g

th~1pllttern~lnl U'!eU k ! ;asa re,kJH!C>IlI.

r u S E . II L I G R i E A '. S E p , fi H 'C l L to m a lJ i: Jl~i!

IP~'II~ , m ! ' ! Oth~Fl!1!l !tierialsthat: coo't li e

I~~lbd cleaf1t)i 'wl .1IIa pel' ic ii .

M A K E .A . S ;1 IlJ 'R D 1 ffE M P U , T E : b o rn hO!rdbo.ud

i l l " a n o t h e r d'gaMe, m l l t e ! i l a l : ~!! 1 m ! l d n g

muil: iPi'e p a l i l h i , w: i l I h ~he sat'I'l:e profile.



-- - -- -- ---- -

Tricks for measuring & ' ~ a y l o ' u r 1 t- - - - - - -----

An, ,easy w a y to d~fv idenenl"ViJ]100 you . needtn iIliv::ide if hoard iIILm equa"]

~e( , ,1 ions , d.on"t wo: r ry .lI1t pef lQ .Frning elaberate

matJh~m~tical ea:~i)ul90J1t;ion£ (such as mvidiI1;g<il

m;..in.,-w:i.diebo<a:rdi into 'w-W:'oql1~po:rtio:lls)"

Instel'1lill,jrlJlL'3tJ B ( y at r uler on the board. und, ang]e it

I LU l l . t i l ~tm o osu re 5 a d its taf io o ,ea sily 1{b1,v is ih~ebyth€ l

[ fUl1J. lbei l "o :f 'cuts. Makiecru:taln on e edge of the ] :u~er

is , '00, the ! ! i Q 3 " mark, In ' t l l i re example to th.e l€lftthe

mleris a:ngi.edso tha.t the 12m.,mark t.oumes, thefa r ledge of~e b oa nl, D iv id in .g the boaed into : fout '

p~eces~se.~sy:.]il!lSt mark the board at i]]ffies~. 1 6

and R lR.epeal t the proeedure farther dO'lN]1, the

board and use th e marks to draw pm frl lID],e]_m tU ng

liIile8on ~e board.

U s e I,m : a r k 1 1 l ! 1 ! g , P U i g aMoo:ti:seCll~ :m~ he ext.nmely precise, '['0

mark l'h.e Cl~.l :sp: rope.~\V' se . 9 1 . marking gauge, avaU-able at go.od hardware stores, . A ' 8 w i t .f f i - t any m.arking

tcrol"hold it . .[l:Ffflatr.!d :siieadiy.

' B / u U d 8 , c e n t e r . , 1 i I i I a i t ' k i i n : g : jigBul.[.d.a mmple ce:nrel : ' .m31'ID. 'n,g j~gwith a.scrap

pieee (If:2 X 4 and d O " l \ ;v e H n g . The gauge can he as

w ide 1 3 1 . £ you like...Ju s t !be >eena]ll that U 1J!edow els

are an eqtru distWlll'le from th,€;center pencil bole.

O n. th e rev erse side o :f the j ig, . insert-two dowel : s l

in,~m l:ne~nM hole,This s~d~will , t 1 i ] 1Qwyou . to

fin d th e (jen te rr Qn]li!;1!rr()!1W"f~ece5 U[J to 1% in,. wide.

When usi l1 .g the j ig , .angle it ooooth dJO'"welsare

pressing f~ ~ainst ' th.e swclleof th e bO<'1mlyou

are ll1arlking"

And th e ,cellte1' o f a clro ~eG~a.mp 3.oonmJir . lSUor. IJ square or othetr' stra:i:ghtr

ledge to .~.n"'am]IIJ.g squarlH, The ,edge oUhe skaigtb:t-

led,geshould be flush. wtfll.ithe inside comer of the

S-q1..l!S!r€ 'Where the two legs meet. a8i.t~on , the fram-

~n,gqna re Sf) eac l:ll. l,eg is a t a flush '~ruwgel : " . lJ j to the

workpiece-,. then traoe fue , r o _ g J E ! ef the straightedgepast the center ofthe wo-rkpern at twe Ormore Epof f i

The point where 1IDe I ines meetis 'the 0mrterprn:nt .



Measuring! Marking & La.yout

Drawing curv-es& arcs------

Twewa y s '10 d ,raw ' s lha l! low a resCreating a regular arcrequires t~icky.;:aIDc'lllla-

t40.n8 ,o r an . elaborate j ig,. righ t? N ot n o o B ! 1 l S S J r i l y . A

trio ,mnaHs and. , i l l " smjp o m ' wood. w]J ] J do tlliieo : l : ! .Tack one 1 I 1 m l < l , t e~d:l ,~nd~rJ't (!If f;he ;,lrc" and ' i ; < ; ) I : k .

thfi! ' t : r u i f t 1 l na il a t tlle ap ex Qj[ tb e are, s:p~oo~le ' ! i fei l l , r

h e tw € \ e n l h e e n d p c i n 1 l i _ f : 5 ,e~,tathin i s i l : i ] p Qfpl i j 'woodi

01'" 1 it'1 rd bo ~d th at,'::;, a t le as t a E e w in dJ L,e JilRonge,,:

than theliengfu of tht~·aJ"c,Bendthe ~hip between

the nails B8 ,shown In the obolY'e,IrIghl; phote •.Tl"a.ce

IMakea, s l!li1 ple ta JImn lo l fe l' d raw jin g c iirc le s

A trammel is S i. marking device iliatpivotsareund s. eenterpoint.te creSilt€ a . rude. YoucHn buy

fancy mntoo. steel woodworking traremels, OiC:JIi0iLl

e anmake your own "with. a t hi in s tr ip o f h a: rc 1 ij l: ~: ul iJ ': I, .

JUl1>t dr.i.v~R nan tlhrou.gll one end o:ft1hestrip, then

Bl€\8:SUf\e out fromthe nan toward the other end an

a m o u n t e q;u aW to tb era dU i u..s o f tit€ ! < c i i r c l e . T h J ] a r l - ; : a

ronoorpoii l t foj;o dri1ling' s peneil gUl id . ehole M ti '1at

lxmt (U8Uru~y~h. in. dia.). Thek ~ nai] at the

oonoor ,o f . ~ ( ]. \w rkp iece ,m ser tthe p m 1 t i l w J : 1 i o th e~deh(Jle, then : r n : t i . a k . e ,a iSinglet1e\"o~\ll'tiollarj)Ut]cl

the 11ailwl th fuepe:!L1Jcil to draw the cit'\C:~e.

mong theb.lside edge . o f the st.dp to draw your

sh.d1(lw ~;rc,A v~ri~t:i'lI)nof t h T I I S flilethod ·ts ~p~y to

i lLse;rl1;,tbe w O C J < i strip betw eeatae j;:li,W $ of a pi~

cla.mp a n dt ig ih o on th e clamp ' I , 1 . n t i W the ~,trir~bowsto

ibm. 0 1U l ( ~r C fif tjj_ll, ' ;: l '< : !;W l .1 lSYQ1;i l. ': ~eeek ing (S~e photo ,

aboveleft), This me t h o dws not < 3 i S eeeu ra te , . b - I , 1 ! I ~ i t -

'vi 'Qn'f, leave allY nail ..holes in ' i :l1;,eworkpifc\Ce.

H,owlD d n t ' l v ' all uvalJJ:raw perpendieular []nei8 tomark the length

and width o:f the oval -MSa8 iLuing out f ' I : 1 I I T . I i . the

point of m.te:mection,. u]'arkBl1!dpoints :for · t I I l e length

(A,B) and the width (C, D). Set a {lonllpass nr

trammel 'to draw all arc that's half ~llong as the

~ength of the o ,vw.With thepo:.int ,0:[ tht. ' !compass IJiT

tn lrn mel3 !t o ne , endiPOin.t f oil:' h e o v al wJiJlth {C or

n), seribebash marks '001 the length line (pQints E,

F)' Taeknails at rroints E and. F. ' f i@ a s,t.ri.ngtotha

~ a~ 1 ss o t h .e amoun tof s tFir lgbet twee. l l t i t renai ls is ,

ae ; g ame as U te d~Sm1 l1cefrom At e .) F .P 'u . lI ]! t h estring~ut v;rilli a peneil tip andtr~e the ·OVI. 'IJ.



' c . • •. • . . ' . -u t. t1 1 g Is a . fUnO la 'm l !m .W . p r, oc es s t h a . ' ' t" s £ . r it i ca ]

to th!e SuOC1e$iS of j l ' " B f i i t about am y pJioj,ect

you.'re likely tnnndertake iU:y.olll[ wor};sbop. It's, e s & e n t i a H y a thre,e"pad t a s k : laying {)iI!1! ·the

,e:;utt i i l: l lg ' .Dine; setltJingup for the t:lllt; aildi ,executing

!the CI!].t. Setting up involvee C ho osin g tl-JJe b!!& \E t

tOQ<] and blade fg·}: the job~then adjusting ,th~

t O o ' l i orpoiSitioLi a,f thew0dI:EJ~eCe to ensure an.

aCCUJI.'alW CUlt,

The :r -e 8 iu roa il ll y onJb i'two ways '0:£ ' ~u~ t iJng~

' e : i l l ll i e . m :you ( _ l 1 .p p ] Y .@ ! ~ o ( ) R to the wQ : rk pi,o oe { as w i th

[nos!;.P!l)~:-rob~el U l d J hand wols), 0 [- you apply the

\votkpieceto t h e w o n (as wUh t a t , r n e ~ws 81.Mother

tOQJs where the cllttingin:strum.e:ut r em rul li ,S i u . Mespot throUghO,[]lt the cut).When ,ctpp]ying the 'looloo

the workpiece, use aoomm nfliJon . of strni,ghted,ges"

~u.tl.ingguides and clamps to aJ .chh~veaoclJ lx,~wcuts .

'VV11enapp~yjing th,ewo:rkPiece to the torn" Y'OUnor-

ma_lly rely on 'tiM bwn~il'!lfwcesa.nd scales (If Ute

tool. to gmrlle the cut,

T he b asie 'tY J;i'l ." 'Sfo ut-:s u nd erte ke o in . WO[1k~

:;5hup8]nCh~.d~;CliQSs-cuUh¥J(m.aking :a t si;]1l'Liight eus

a iU :OOSSthe w aiH of til bnardj; rip-~t;Itt£ng (r,edU{)]ltg

th e w1dth o f at bee rd by cut t ing I D t l l ie .u.gthwil lsewi th

thegrsdin); .mi1'(!fr-Cllt t t .fug (crl]S8.'-l;uttin.gat an anglew11:.111.he saw b la de p erp en die ula r' to ;!he wOirkpJ@ce)

and bev.ei-c ,ut t ing (maki.ng < I ! I nonperp€lndioW.a:r eut),

Mnaddi t ion to i l [email protected] ~ L i 1 i 1 : S 7 this sect~!mllaJso

ind ud es i ll fo :rm ,~ ti o: n oIlmo:rti$mg atrlid.cnt1mg non-

woad ma'te.ria[s.

lac' toMe iJasits:M ak .e qu ic k ,&accurate lIIiter ICUts

by haml lWfutJ. IJ.hereeent ~ru(Ds:io:n ill popularity

of the .po 'WIer mi te r · sa.w, th e hand 00001"bex has become odm.ost a forg,ott.en~ooL

B ' l J ; , 1 ! ; foi l : 'malr inga f l ; f W erlricllt mite s cuts) .

you nta_yw<mtw revisit tljs hW'iJdyaud

age-old Idevice. A sim]Jle, . ill!ffi!;.~sive

mii.t~ ooxwith ,f18CUt s lo ts fO '. l: '45C} ;md

'9{Fc:an 00 St(l(I.'OOin~. toolbox 'orUflder

j l(Y' l! .u'wo.rM:JenJiil i. , tJhelJidamlped in. place

inn0 time < ' ; l : l t all ..Arndw~ththe precut

slots. OJ) setup time : r u s . ! l : \ B ! . 1 ~ i ] 1 e d . Th~nse

th e hand m ire !.l'bQ:iK,hQId yOllli1'wo:rk-

pieoo firmly m plac.e~erelamp U in]J~.a:.eej a nd . p ru ],l t.he baek saw in finn,

short ~tl,()lloos,

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



[ ----- --

Cuttin.g

- ---

Choosing & us~nghandsaws

'le an ) o f h , a n d s a w s C1m

h a · 1 1 1 1 - a ' 1- -0 t-_ IL_B - " " . . 1 ' cu 'Choosi.]]g'the ldght tool fer the

J'o]) is especiailly impo:rt<Ult when

l~h' lJg h an d -p ow ered to ols. 'Ihe 'ool~

leetion I)f handsaws sl1own~m~e

canperfu:r:ml jU1stabout ;my cutting

task you'r@~ly to eneountee inyour ,~,uyrk£hl)p,

(A) s . . 1 1 0 U~·TP]e:ross"cut sa,w

f'()£ g-e .nera l .(:.'nltting ofmm.ens fuon

~lIlmftJie ' . . rO~ :ihe~tgooos,; (iB) B:it.e~,w

fh r m iil:e r-c ru fu tili'ig ; (C ~ H ae Jm ac-w ilib r

cutti.ng rnetal;.(D) \VallboiU7d s::rw

for m.a.kingcuwituts .in walfboard 00id

ofu,e:r :IiiOft buHdl l ingm.aterws; (E)

Fbml:N}ut<tii.ng Y,W fu'rtrimm1:!lg

wood pl~ an.d.through ienoIlls;CF)'

Dovcbill. saw (saw sJi'lown is smaller-

v . € t 1 " S W o nc a l l e d ~Genm1ei l l i1l i l 'S s a 'W " ' ;

~G)JrapHKeoo, :saw (>cutson 'llie -pdl

st'l 'oke)foil: ' qwcl , . trill'd.-ca:r,enb"Y out-

ting; (0)F)~t s a,w 'f ur ma.k : tag deli-

~te ~~]ingpll,1l;s;: (I) Coping saw

Ihe eurvedcuts in trim ~entry,



- I

Band sa'w & jig saw bllades I

ST II:MGHT IBWES , 1o:rJ I g saws, !barn! ~aws,suoll ~ ,ijii:d Iillcipro-

tat inl, lsaws, var,. by Inumber of ' ,teelh &m r inr ih (lpl]i,!he $ e . t QU h e

~e1h , th e rak,e ahg le I lI 1 iI Ie : tee~h r ,,.lIf U te wi lHh ahil Uilcl i iess ilIf

'lI'!e I I I . . . TlMiI~ oJ I rne f~ r l i500 ' h i ! ,make 'Ole Ib la de :m d (h e l~i!lIte

' l l . 1 it',nbldfl ' o : r ' ! ) t i b e r loomllDl' !dstee~ til;l5 , a f f e c t me Ikln.~¥Jty ~'lii' lillrf:Je

plf~ el ~ m ~ 1 1:'U :!fl!lhB!~d!;l~fDrsume ~, hmre numerous . ,tw:th

tQflfigtirat;ioh~ ' for elBm,pl .ei band saw bla:d'es CIIh ,b e IPlli'Ohased'with

,sfand&d ~efh (,a bo ve ), o r sfdp.:r,ooltI <'IndhOO'k;·toDfll'ItOnfilllratiM5.

'Circu~arsaw blades

C I I D U L A R S A W B lA I I i E S ore filted unto' Ip!IItiiti:oblelli'INIJ'l.1lr.!ffl>"tillbie

SllIWS, Mdi l 1 l r . - , i 1 I l i ' t 1 ' l 'saws IIlld J i1 g ~r m i te r' $iI'i'i'S. ~! 'g! it u a d e l ! ~

matching Ute I llu rn t !~r o f tHlth ~r Ini:l' ll ttl tI'!~,tasJi a t lhaitd-llm

m:il'ke 1OIih! i lb e l pi i1 li 1mbeJri sl ar If :! :el C o n e c t bliu~'I!'I!fmllt'er ~ ' i l ! 1 : r 'R f i e r l il : hom 3,~ [ n . , to _ in . o r Sll, With ll A i~n.I@

m~&t immon m r IPortabr.e ~if ' eul iu ~ilws,ahl l l

1 0 in . l h G m D S tO O l n 1 O O 1 I f o r Ulhle S 2 1 W I "

p ow r l miter saws aDd radlal·arm: ~:I,

I Recipr,ocating saw blade types

R~~nNGSAWSare

~used t 'o perfgr ,m JHa! l ) ' dl~lle:nt

,oonSlructilln tiI~, ' 1 1 ' 1 0 s I i z ; t I

a nd s lia pe 0 . ' ~hll'billtfes u$e.d

dI:InglIS dr. ' !matlmall)o ,acool 'dli :!g

hi u s e . K e q ! l ,iI c o m l , ! ! l ' e t e , ·sd ,o f

b la de s In yQilfr ' 5i !W . .. . R'.A gondse l : o . l r o i ~ c l p l l o C ; a . u n ~

saw ~ I a d ' e s in.ellltle!l; ( A l'B , I 'r !\ r

1 8 , ~ : l iM&; ) N t h em y ,m eta l;

U~~ In.,H Ip l UmI 'e l fJ) r ~nemJ '

mti~ 'tt) 9 Ln\~6 tpllJlade m ,fast tuts an d gellel'il'i roughing

~~ (0) 12 In.l,8 ~P'lllradilil0 1 1 ' , ~ .

I fng t . l' i' ifbe l' uuKlIDlihe r U ' 1 1 ~ k

'I llatelliali; ~ , E J IG m . ., 4: tp i· b la lle

'Illf rast, I ~ _.md. . .mung; 1 1 F 3 '

6 i lI t. , , 5 i lp ii ,b L 1d :e fo r AM , iIi!'!'I!J~J

,O O f S ; ( G ) I , 3~ f .o .. 1l 4 , : !p h bl ad e for'

l lUii 'Ved c u t s : Iii l]\1m W i O O i I s .

CDMI' ImNi~RCUIAR

SJIW 1 i ! 1 L m . E S,n'LI:$

(lIght) IDcIlude~

U i . ) G e r ! e r a E

Ptll 'pGSe oomJiina·

t ion b la d .e 'l~udf r ' l f r l l il i !t j ltncl; ' I~B)

Th!n·k~' alUI-

k i~~ lJa&t I !t l:de

C . n o l e elilpall!; ion

slot5J~ (0) balter ' 'sI l t i ' a d e , l{f:l:npurl:al!l8

c: lrnuhnsaws.);

t iD ) T i li m - m l w : n g

b ! . a d . e ( fo r , ~ IQ - a n ,

I re l lr tiw iy fa !! lt

~ross.cll·tsJ~I~I

camllle- . tT~il

~-ou'Wni!,

,blade ,(good' fo,'

lpower miter :SiMs];

, B e l: tu i £ ! 1 1 y . m o r e

t ee li li p e: r Ihdi

p rO O u r : e d e a n e "

s JO W e f I !) u l: s .



Cutting',

------ -

Saw bl,adeselectton chart----- --

BnolsawT~~"

kro~, ]o:lnery

Cuttl:f!g l i ightmefal

T igh t ~r¥i!!SSinlOO1l ' l1 ,cmYeS,

Gf!neral: I P ! . I f P C S e

,RIp4:utl i f ig

Width (Ill.)

~~

~~6,

1 m

1 f t

Pit~h

14tj;1:i

14;~pl

"Hp l10! tp l

' 6- 8 t p l

4~lpl

S ' 9 ' l e ' "Sf'

S iT

Sillst

SfetSK

H

Set'"

M"ar R

V !I

AS

A I ! !

All·

A!8 '~r ii i

h!'l!. ~utt:lng' ~ 8·:110~pii s :r eli' SK J~!1! i0' iii

1m'!: iI!i~iij :J & 41 P :SIll AB

Resawl'ng In" till iii liB

..~ S'J~MlJ't1a!;d.a;'''!fril,H~ ,fi;,flool(;.;lOOUJ;, A ! i= a_ lt ei -m te ·J JeM t . = ra Jl e'i ;

' W " M ' a z y

c J l l g S a w

TlISI!!

I F a s t , ~oo.$c , u p : : l ' 1 t I r y

G:8ntiraf IIUPMe

i S m c o t l' ll f iI r IW l I

t~~~r'Hl1i iSl ' i l

U~me , t a l

' n 1 1 r i ; 1 ! : meta l l

Mmefi:af

W I l O O

~O d

W G 1 ; ! d

: w t J o : d

Metal

ll!tetal

CiKll l i iar IE"'' 'Task

C:ene. r al I i l' 8 l' p il se

TrimC'aijleb~'

,RlIpgIj wrpetib'y

S n h M ' ! f ! , ~s,"CUtti(l_g

: J i !W c u t l l l : !g ;

~d: , a n a partlci'ellllllalill

Ught m~!

Sc:rl l l lSawT:ask

~!U!rn! ~tt!ne

Culiio~: W iII lo lU tear·DUf

f1!!flstIMlIiiil(!JiIt;

~ tight: ~rNfs,

F a : s t c u t s ,

Tl'~~lJIhilli~n

C:ro~,t

Qj1~ , t

O~9S~(

ft~ppi~g

~tt:/lp.~mll

M! r t1 !~Wng

itBe~giilfl!!i:

bNl~:r-~~IIl~l!f

Scr~iing

l l i l l irnl-tooth

hd

I!.eI)'lgUl

4 In"4 ' in.

Pitml

6~p~

8~p

IIl"J12·1.4, Ifill

J.: i 'J4tp!, 2 A : \ 4 } i

WI (8~-iI"./1fl..IID. dia.}

ts5G/I t8c.5£l

4 l ) . ! 6 4 . f 6 I 1 1 . l ! ( I

344~J.4m;13J.,oo;.Illi/Sm.M

1&36,18(2:4

4S64t61J!..MI

~ . M l , & n . ~ ~

'Gali!g¢

Ii'!i

In

In~

1 1 ' 9

Pltcihr

15 ' (pil

II,§·~.~

' i 2 i P i

GIVe you r E l i l a i l e s ,8 ha,thi

Sawbladoo that arerrtpe[cfO'~iing as we]l MYOU

Iike don''tneces;sari.~y need

shatpru:ring~tbey tlf.l~Yjust

needa quiCk eleaning,

Spedi,aJII .pi tmlresmn [ ' ,e.U iI !OV-

m e ; !lOm[.lO'llnd 01:' o : n : H r n I l IY

o'Venc~emier ~n be used todf).Bl ' r l .b lades (be su re to

wear gloveiS).

toplDg baH trim fo r: an ins ide comer

.. cu t on e ,m ao ", ~ SllIA'n.

&and cutlhe oilier ala 4Se ,

~ r .m I n g 8mit« saw . • "

_ a I e dl I D a r : 4 ,slafd be __

...... lIlan tile fkUIed te~

2. . . , t R ~ b H r d " "" the -cotner. lIN~~.saw

tobtn ... emsss: WOO dhmllle

I H r 4 I I e d e nd ; 1 e.1 rJg .. eftd thBfs

~ifflIr,huI: Utpen'l!III W 1 0 1 ·

''''''hi;Pfl!IIh;ottlU! ~.

3~tle MO d ftn IIir1 D b GIh

boardi, 'lhu lip the betered

bo.d Into the ,lXIIIIdr Ie lo t ~p&

"". eDllilllhe ~t I IbaJd.J



I - - - - - _ _ _ Cutting with cifJ&ular s,aws ----

IMalka ,& us e a :stra:igliltedge

BlI l . iM.an ,8~ft.straigbtedQ~w M p~~Qodan.d

~]]eliil1g w~iliyoo,f' circular saw, The straightedge. s ] ; lOWO belowhas a lK;..in, pl}'W1[ . ! ; [ ) ( 1 , base~and ..~,11,x 2

cleat (you ean also use a strip of plyw,oodJ th.at

eervesas a saw gufde. After assemaling tlte

. sh 'Bl ]ghteclge~p1)Sl t i io .n l th .eeireular S 8 _ 1 ' 1 j , ' O ' " W i ll i th e

'foo~tight agmngt the dea.~ fmd,~m O'f:fthe excess

po,rt~ooof t:he p l ~ I ' W I O C l d base. To use the straight-

e d g e, J )o s it rum : a th e trimmed, edge of thep]ywood

b as e fl!.u 5h with Y'OI!ll" £~tting lineanddamp the

s t rac ight . edFe to the wo. rkp i ece : "

G o o d - s id e m d o W i l f i o l l' c lea loer' ' flU tsPo~le cir-(!I!J!lat:' saws eut on the

u r vwmd l'Gmlilfo o f th e blade, 'Ib 8!vo~d~ar-

out on the betlter faee of your wO'rliqJiece,

turn , it g o o d ~f ac e -( Iow ] ] w ! IDm e u tt it li g.



-------- - - -- - -- ------ -

Cuttin,g ,

-------- -- -

Ti:ps,fer making curved cutouts

IMaking 'Carved CutsT heea sru est w a y ro cut smooth. regular C1rrV€S

O!i'! l~.rgif,lpr,oject- parts ism usee. ,cutting too~.that

_rOUt a'"~p].yOO L'he'wlf(:k-plie(i!1i (as oppo,s€d to one you

feed. the workpiece Into). Jigsaws and routers are

h oU ], w e n :lJ lJ iite dfo r th e jo b .• J ~g sa w :s aIle f rusoot to

set up and lSasytouse , bu.twon'!t; yield a s' smo o th a

cut as a nl~m1ter.For sm3l.ller parts, u8<?Ja band saw

or serell 8EIi .W.,

Cu.tt ing cnl~'ve~with a .j:igsaw~One o:!I:'ffi].e

hes,t features of the jig saw is its, ability tQCtl'~

CUln~s\,pa.r~iculi)xly i.n s J : l e , e t goods, nhas no wOl'k-p io ce :s iz e ] jmi:tatio:l ' l iS, i~ po.rbabHity makes i~.

handy iirnr o I I L - s f u i l : . e : work and such tasks a:srorunmrl:g

,oo:rnen'!,YO ]argeta.blewps. Oliampthe wDrlpil!.~

s ec m :e :ly a nd fu ed U :1 B S< ' l ! ' ! i N s lO \v ly to p:l1lilve!il . t the

blade from d ~n i3 ctin g. 1 ' ' 0 stanintetI:lal cum" dxm

aneJ..uy bQJ,ewit1 ' J t a bit ~]ightllyla:.I '~tha:n the

width 0 : 1 : "the sa;wblade, Circles can be ' C ~ l t freeband

to· a lin e, 'lff 1 f .Y'{~_l wa - n lt a I D~ . t t 1 !E imore exacineE8 you

can. usea shop-made or' eommereial cl:rcle-CUJ1!;:l:il~

j]gth ....piV()~ a 1 : ic Y l , l' t a centerpoint.

IMinilmulm rad ius cuts"O f ~ald s aW b ladesAs a . ,r n : e m i l fi i. 1 e : , Y D l J , ~ h o l . !l .d

cheose· th e wides t ba!ildls~

Illhlde milt { f a ! l ! handle t h e ' . l n b

J l ! ! ! I I ' m doing, B I i J t be caU :5e tb e

w i dU l l , of O le b la lh ! ' I Il II li tsH i le

iIi'lblneu of th e eP lrvesVDuC3f111

1 l : 1 J I . ~ , y O ' u s h o u . t d ,choose li e

w id est W oiO:e lnU U lfl T iolk lw

your tlflhtes,t e . ummgJ l ld ll !l ! . •

BladeW id l' ll

Smal les tRad iu s '0m

lilPs ' f i o r ,cu6ing (:ulfveswliUl a jiig sawI JiS E I 1 H E S C I M l I l lN : G

FEmlR.E. SiI!l~.!,!gJ ig ~w~ f'El~~n~.",

btl1dJ 'h1n:gM a<!j~

mem kl)Db at 'b

to p oIiUle hlHlle.

Bfmminglihe llilll! l;I,

YOl!llooan§i: tile

bladedlre~

wt1Nmt;t! !rni!"lg 1 b ; : '

~ of t f ie, ! ! i a W o

Path"!S.iIW blade

CultiQg

line

Cllt. a 1:001) 'toIm 'akea s q l J l l a r e

Malring squarei t! Jt ,e ,r n .a l , cu t s c a n.

be a perplexingp:f;ob~e:-m, but here's,

a ;Si~]lP~.en~l I , ] t~.or.u:

cu t a ] , o r r : n . g 07[18 leg o f

the s-qu~el ,a . ]J id

ke~p cutting ,ast

the conle([", Lo~ thes , a w blade b a e ' I D ! : . n d

eut the seeond Ieg,

G , i il i l lg - O M partsf o r ' o O I i l! s i s t ie l il iC : Y

and ~peedWll ienmuk i I1g

p H )je ot J l'3 tts with

c nw e d.1 l'n oo .g an g t'h e

woikp-iecea I l . o g - e U : u : " . . . l '

wlheneve r yOtll ean ,

This w l i r u ] e~slJl l1etha.t

the cut edgas are

o omm te 'iJ lt_ W lH1L IDO st

s a w , s _ , yoll c a n tape the

woikpiec€smgei;her

wilh dl.ouh~dged

carpet tape.

Re lie l c ld s PHI-ven t I i J h l d i i n g '

'Vben~g

a ,I!;UrvOO o o n t O l J ! . I

l)1!.l!tUBmg .aji.g s aw .band saw ()!r ~C~I)U

saw,.:m~e reruief

c uts :fr\om t:h e .~

of t:~ew(fcl i ! :pieeeoo

Ute ,cutting Jine, ~ll

'~he v."aS~ area, so

waste ean be re-

moved as , Y l J 1 1 l cut.



Cut pe.r iec t. , cire~eswah a rtu te r cl).m pas sMosi hrm,dymen; thffik o r l'i(lulp.l'::S , 1 ' ] 1 ; £ luilnm'U:y

tools .fol· euttil¥J deoo ro ti r . .. .pmopl(:so. l" pr , : rhaps ,(1J:l ,

,('jf)ct1s,w1l:al dado ,0 " mbfJ1!t ..But .~htryl(Ian also be

t.teiy e ff {l ;c ti v e t oo l s {Or cutting, sU Jck toslu an d

.shape- W hen the ~'ightbitsl aj"!il.technique.~ uJ"e'r. t fM~d,they ; ;wodm: :e , g :dremely .c l~~rU'id g e s that '@jre.FI ,

require lQosand in ,g , .

l fyo1Ll need. to, cut a square wo:d l tp i€Cl3 into

. 8 J . eireuler shape,.a router COnl~aSSisan exceHeut

choice. Simply secure the muter basete the

wide end .o f the compass, set 1tlliledjustable

eenter pinti@ th.e d.esired radius dfthe ,cut, and

securetbe pin at the 'CGll!;,e:r ofthe circl'~LFo·r

h ~ st r e;s l(~ ID 1 tJ 6~ake t.he ' cuJ ~]Jj $eV 1 ~a l p asse s uP

iuereasieg depth,. A silng~J~~nU!.tet J r awgh t bit or

a spiral UpCI,l1tbit can be used to rerneve largeamounts of·waste linthe cuttin.g area, M.thou.t

1 )o gg m ng d ow n ...

-- - - - - .

Tlps fo r cuHing with a pow,er mli i te'r , box- -~----

SIiDtpbl:ock speeds up r epeli~ iN 'e c utsm en mating l'i!;;peti:tiVieu ts with a lX fWe- r

l'i.lci!tersaw (Qrtadial.~ saw), clamp a soop!block

to1ilie saw fence 0 3 : t th e d esir.e d ~entJfh.A lag screw

,dr iv 'eI i i sq~l~ely inw t l! J e edge of t ll i~e$ tOJPb loe1k

ereates a solid surface . t Q : - l ' aUgn1ing UJJewOil: ik.p:iere,

while '!keeping woo d . ehsps from building up

betweenthe b.~ocllr:.nd. wnrkpieee,

. J i g talkesthe matholt of I b e v e l i n , g Iloldiil i lgC u tt.1 ng m ifr .e r.,b ev els in c r own molding , o . f ' O O . I I l

involves iI:.ri.cky math and ve : !'Y p r e ci s e an.glies.'Ib

s]mp1i(ythetaskusetbis jig. Joina straightooMd

aoon.1t.3 in. high to a strip ,of ~Y4~in.pl.ywoooa't iou.t

1 ( 3 , in.wide, These will be the "feBce"and. "table" ,0.[

the jig. Plaee .;'i. pie(lf.i ·o f ,ttQ\.VIin]o!dliilg li1l'iI1)he "I;-

lf01ltl.oo by the fenceand table. and adjust :it unt iU

I t! I: ieb ev e l ed : s id e s a cr e : f1ush aga ins t t f f i 1 e fen ce and

table. Mad;;: t~e pooi . t i (m. (Jnihctable, : r f ie. i l l !ov,e It.h.e

mo~dIDg and. attach a weed ishi(lat file mark, 'I'hlsstl'i~ wi l l bold themolding a: t · the plfoOJliffi'ngle[iolf

bavd-c!JltticJig miters,



PrO!~e lrsem lp is key-to safe c : : u t t i l l i l l g w i l l 1ra"dlial-Ialrm sawOver tbe yft8J."tS theroojaJ.-ar.m saw has earned

3 !. reputa t ion a :s (l'! l]! eof the m !o s1 td an ge ro us w erk -

8~.CIptocils. But :for most cross-eetting fJpe: l ' !3I l ions,

thetool ean be a real worknerae t ihat 'oSas!,safe-as8iDy' ether tool yOlll~vn_ '["herno.!;!t importantaepect

'(If cuUing ,safely w : i t i " J I .@ J ]~@ ILlI1a l~a:r rnsaw is :00s e C U 1 ' 1 e

. 'i'~1.ll' v; , ror- lp iooe~ whfu.1leikeefiIlg yoO l~ hand s w en

dear of the Haw blade. A pushsUck with 0 1 . bwdseye

c1Dmut i s a . g o od ch o:~ ce . rO[ h w am :n g sm al le r work-

piecesagainst U~esaw .Eence---]t 's particular~y

efiet; t ivG when 118ed in oonjiUil ' tc t ion. \vUha. stopblocllk_

that holds the free rod o f th e w , ork p~ !B o o~]]~aee.

011Gethe workpieec ]s aceurc, start the saw and

guide it t i ; i J rou,ghthe cut 'w i tlt y o ur righ:tllian<l Shut

otT ! :he saw and al[ifW ehe blade to stops;p: inn_i :ngbefo,ferefilov.rnllg the workpiece and returning the

saw lcarriage ha.dl!r.behinrl! the f ence ,

IRe~wiUg r ig fo:r bal i1.d1saw

, t i le i 'g l ll i t; ; :

saw'~hJoal;

1 I capa6ityminuSIto 2 : 'LII In.

R E S A M C O T H I C K W M B ER ~~er ~ " "wood -~- k a j(Jb best acOOInpIIl1led w i . . . a .band ~. Reo

81'" ~ !S[to attach '8 tedc8:k! tile b and "". ItI.... . . - . 1 e I w tII~ 1 I i _ _ ' , f H ' ! 1 the _~ tJwough a~ ~ wbeI ~pg OR fi-'" s a w . T I M ! f-J14~-to • . ,etIMlid ts that De saw !Made . t8nds 10 ~

t -wI~ tile grain of _1\!QOCIr. j i i l l l ld-nsult lng·&I UI

~ eutht R(JldI'eJ (MIle lQ Ml.at sgtfp,_~Ooe-~ to r t i l n lm l R ~ U~1IQSf> IIf t~ , b

- - - -

Cutting

~ ~ I '" _ _ I

to lise, PI J i g n R e lite o• . s I t I : N I I to 'life Ieft._W b~ eT ~pe di

to tM $i1IIII tab1eso 'Ibe,~ p o i , ¢ Is e'feII wah t I I e , ~ ,edge o1W I!lade,the iiI ' f I I BY be ~ 15 J! ~to set' I1 he th~ss oIlt!e crut. ~ lU Ie P J , v c d IM)Int JS:50 ~

B¥hW,~ can a c t _ t.&wi d l r e c , J i : t D D f tile b O a r d 1 : 1 ;

c:ompemsate fo r blade IJdH$Ultlllg1n a nI.O!Je eYeD1 .

falI'U stili qeetI to ~ the"!lfOfllp_. b u t .

.~ ~ss w o o d . 'JI

I,



- -

l"i:ps& teehnlques for using your table saw

Re lie f' b lo ck , k eeps eu ta ffI p i ie c e s , fr e e , a n d l i d e a r '' w k e ! 1 i l I crossl'GutllingUe , i l . t\elief bloo-k to pYie-

'V e n ~tc .u a ff l' p ie ee s mom g ,e rb '~ n g

jammed between the fence

an d th e h Iru lI.€!w h e n Cl"QSS-

ICUttif.'ilt on the table saw The

relief block can simply bea

pieee of serap wood damped

to the fsnee, Malr;;'csure the

;relief block is pooition,ecl

behind the point 'W~ere thew(lrkplecc will:fll.l;Likeirst oOJ}-

taet witb the saw blade. Neverstand directly behind the

workpiece when feeding it

into ale blade,

A s a r a il e " 'l ike measurementsDon't trust the cutting scale on. the table saw

ienoo if yoo'te making precise euts, Instead, measure

th d is tance fre m tlII::!ef.;'UttiDg' edge of the blade to.

the:fencG ' I i ' l i iU . i J a. steelrule w h e n setting up for

yout ' cut. [Iouble-cbe.ck the d;wstanC€ after securing

iU1t: fence.; and make a practice cut on scrap foradded. precision.

G e t b ~:a deheighl.lust. rilghl.Usea combination squasa to set thehcigb' of a

table saw blade. The bottom of 'th square should

just betouelaing the tip of ,one of the teeth. Beeaue

tooth length is : r . i l o i a1wa.YS,! l .u t iJorm,.spin the blade

by hand . and m ake sucre 'y,ou're teferellClill .g: off'the

tooth that will cut deep ~st(be sure tounplug thesaw first) ..



Sill'" w a . c b~GM, , e u t l ' « p i i e c e s , C l l e , i r '

Sirnan. cwto:ffpieCGfJ have a w .ay ,of k icking out

of the saw tffin'{lat ill"b6©mll~lJigjammed around the

b&tde, On.ew,a .y to ' ke ep th es e mrnoyiI i lgi l l r i l t : !1i

p ieces (:ro t o f y Olll ' w ay is 1 ; l ' i 1 n .p ly '0 0 P O S]1 jo n y OW '

shop vaehesenear the C1IJtt~]]g area. ' ! x l . M(}wclear

~an cntJo 'f i 'p iOOM. Be e uc re to ~ea:veample ,c~eaJ '~

a n e e fm ' t h e w o : - r iJ ! : !: .p i e c e .

Wold m : n : c e s makege ldsens~Mdblg a wo od .e n auml....:ry fu-noo to ,J"lfm' ' ! : : : a b l e SmV

(or just about ,any' otilier oooD extends the ~:IDeof both

ym,,]f'saw fent1e..md your s< ' l l ;wbla~tes 'h y eliminating

dti;m~;gil'lg metf:l]~ro.me:ta]j conl;aJcl&ai!,]m"~;ryfunce

iliafstclll.et. ,than. thesaw foncealse CI ' e9JOOS a good

iSm;[aoo fot" d:a :rnpi .:ng j ig)s , : sw,blocl ts andhoM·J lfwn$,

TIlw :f 'enee :~ ' -ho 'Wi! le re :i:sma de from hard maple an d

attaehedto Illi,emetal Ienee wiLh T-bolts fLat nt intoa s lo t ~ Iltl lil!e sa w fe nc e ISO n o :s cr ew h e a . c ' l s , pre t ende ,

- -- - - -- ------

Cutting I---------------- -- --- --

. A d d Imiter-gal iJ~ h o l l d - d o w m ' l O r q l u i i e l "accu lrate m i lte r , o i u t 1 J i n g

Ma1f!;eYOl'lJI::" miter gauge mo:rerelliiaMeby

adding all:h.oM.-down clamp to ]keep WO r K I P : i 1 . e o e ! l ,

steady duringmitm- e..llttmg. Hold-dawn ..Sare sold

at moot ~!3!rge:!l"ool centers or .may bepu.~a~ed

diire.ct1lly [00'«1 the oD)m ]pan. v t ha t manufaetured

, Y ' O U l . 1 f table saw:

R e v e r s e ! the! m ! i l e r g , a 1 I g e f o r ,lane] CUI~ i l gShoo t'g o od ,s a Iild gwu e d- i! ll) llaficls are OfUH I l toll)

wide to he fedinto the hlade witb~e saw's 1 1 l 1 l w . t e r

~U!ge ..You can solve this [ p D : ' o b l ' e I T I byhu-mingthe

gauge around so Ulehead orate gauge i:sfed. into

t il e r n ir e I' -g f ,l !u g e i'i'Jo-tf~ AUa J e h an auxi l : i l l; ; t ry fenca

, tQ~hemjl)et~!nl,fil~W erea tea m ore stab le :su rfa tee

f () rp re eis h'n g a:g am s t, Y o u c an also USe a m ite r-

~\,aug-ehoM.~down (See ]phoboat~op !I)fpa.ge) to keept~lepanel i$re~dy.



,Sweet ,e hee1ks fo r te nons

f:a.llitin.gthe cheek cuts for

'ttmons is ,c]Utllsy and danga rous

without a gooc1t.enoning jl~g_ll!:nd

the results are 1!ISuaUydisap-

painting, This shop-butlt ,t non-

ill:jig is easyto make from

scrapwoed and will help . , Y O U

: ~ lt \" oduce " t .e inon s t hat .fit; on th e

first ~y. Fitst" cut the verticaland horizontal members=the

ho:cizontaltncmibcr sheuld heave

a oonl;o,r on the tail to ereatea

handle, as shown above ..•)ioiinthetwo members Vi lthwood sere.....s ,

arranged sn the diatanc:e fromthe b:oUom nf the hm' izm: l t a l

member to the bottom of the

' l . 'ert icru member is equal t, o 111,c

height of your saw fence. Make

sure the members am exactly

lPeTjpendkuli .ar; ' T h , use the j~g,

c]runp your workpie 00 to the jig

and feed the wo,rkpiooe intoUie

blade, looejiin.g s'ooi'ldyp:ressu..r,e

agar-nst '~he fe-nce ant'llthe table

(See photo. above right). Cut a l I l 1

tb e w,B,ytk lClougb t he ' iJ j, ro ii kp ie ce

and the j ig". Always teIilt y,om

euts 'ona serap board before-

cutting yoarworkpieees, Uaeyou.l'miter gauge to guide the

workpiece when ,cutting title

tenon shoulders.

~

, T h e '1 P o o r .'rlimC)~,g tilachine"T h e r e are t n l l J i Y methods ) '811 dI1 .

U ! ! 1 8 to cu t RlIdses fOr modi ..

a.. •.. G II JolntlfY, 1lte D e s t W I ' I Is

til ~ it spec:illl.lllOlUslq:maclllne Dra rn ortf:s Jn g a tt:a dIm em : .

far'_dill p,," Bid:ft ~

ratIJ. noI.&pefId the IIlC!fIey on

IIIese ~*e; toofs. tile folowlng

m .,u .od ... . produce dean m ortis es '

wh en .. o n e C 3 R ! f u l l y . Irs, it> . 1 t 1 I e ' I

. sloW and lakn !iQID8 IrIaI ilnd

e l r o r , but for 818_kend wood·

w o l k e , I V f I o ehad)' !Mns a drill

pres:& ., ~ a "'0(1 otml'lfl., f i

1ii~ la y ootJflur ' ~1 II 1i 's I ~ til

...-111£ ~Gr ..aIgbtt.

C.hoosc B dri l l Nt tbe"~aJf l l l ' dtlnI8tti ' ~

tO O .~ ! O f U ! f I R! or tJ se [ 3A . ln . I s .

. a m m o n ' - then r eA lG 'te ~ ~ waste I I ' I M I i d

from H Ie mo rti se by drlBl 'ng ~~n.g

MI ! !i . ~ i~e"tlutIlP

T1iI~'~~ge al~d,~lWell\ends 'Wlt'~la Ilush:~o U l t t i l n g s a w

. A i f lusb-cutliin,g; s a w . a ve ry

, 'n e ~lltie b '.a de is: the IId ea l t .o ol lO r" <

1nmmiog oftlhe tlKl5 1MbloOIll

wed'~ gf' d~ ls . l ' I i K i . UW·8 lmw" ,, a liM n ! e ' I 's , a Japanese ~ i i i l a t

>_

! C U t s , (llil the pull , s l : r ' c k e ,

o f t Ute Isharp chiseE m t le8n U P th e~sIt1H 4 l I f ti mortiR:, $0 ~IO nat:

,and . s r n e o e J t . Mal le sUe file flat ....",of J

: I t1 :e dlllel IIeo~ ttl., wood.1 .•

' C l ! c l a n lIP t._ 5 ' of Ib e i iK!dse w i 1 ! h Ii

i l l t l lsel t¥ UI11I wldt la .5, the .~

'Ilf b l e . 1 ' t i A . :



A I r e 1 a r t f or s te e .1 ta b le h ,s ,.AlPpIDy l ' r n ID lh lngor pon1;dlIDllg eom pound to steel

t£lbletop.sro SJ"OCiI1 lo thu t tJlle su rfa ce and . rem eve ru st,

The r a ., w ip e il l' le top ' ~eann[ !Ld apply a coa t ·o f c ar wax

W s ea ] ~ he ta M e a nd . [ re ep w o :tk p~ ie ce s s l i i d . . i n g ,SJ~iI)(J~

CRi l te 'CIIIS:tlm tIlllllat pllatesWhen lnaking trim cuts ow

,wttlill,g grnaUworkpieees, mv~

th e th ro at opening ,0[' WOl l '~ilW by

f f ia \ Y f t u g a [ p i i . e c e o f t 1 l l n p~-'VIrood o v e r

the t'lunat and nlt8llilgfue 8 1 : @ m l . m g

saw blade., Use apiece of serap

W C I ! . C I d . to hold. the plywood down,

Iincrease yOIllIt' e u W in g , a n g leTo .male cutswith an~gle

grea'OOr t :h o \n ll te ma : ;d ll l. 'U I l l tilt of

,your $a'!rV bmade,. a~..b a . s<p~eet'to

y ou r sa w :fe nce Of' to ,~.e w o r k p I D e c @ ,

Cutting

Han:d, jig fO r'tllrtiililg blilpers.hIadjusbblietaper

1 1 ! g is a I h i i lm d y ~s.

: ! I D I ' J ' for < I I , , ' table S O ' lW

IIiWIlIet. De legs irt the

~iJ! i ' O a n lb e ~e. tw , c u t

hi lper,s aecotdill l l l l W

CllIttiing I lag'i l l lateBefore cubting htm~nate on

your table SHW, ath:lchan auxifumr:,y

Ience tlmt"s fluc!3hliNiththe table-

tap so tile ]aminase won''f; slide ,or

wBdgeunder the fence. A speeial

IMuma r e cu.Uing [b]ade (r~ght)prevent'S cbippIDg of the surface.

mailto:81:@ml.mg

mailto:81:@ml.mg



--

Cutting w~fhwood ,chisels

Ca b iln ;e tmake r's ch ilse~SMost or the woo-d cJhiscls sold 3!_nd

ownedtoday are 'be\rel-ed,ge cabmnet-

maker's ' ! l' ! M s e l i s (See p,h.ato,]("lt).

Avflliil!iMe in. standa'td widths ran{.t: ing

from ~.ro J L Ihbll.." they lca.nballdle a

v ar ie ty o f o B v ,& } 'd :a .yc uttin g tasks,

i n C I l 'l J d w I I g cuttingmortises and p a l " . r u . n g

tenons. If y()U~lI'Ba serious, W~'!ilI·kJel'

who ,ap 'p1::Bci< ' l ! , t;es i l1and tM~S, yon I1J.lSl.y

\V.;;I.rlt t .o l(j()l\: into a. set G,f morl:isiug

clh:isels~which hevethicker sharib,

and l \ ' : ! i l e - i l j , shcdr .~I 'eS~s<t .a: [ l ti imdleb! lJ~ts ,

Be' l : ;~1"quality c.hisd$ ai1em~de".,jth

h a ' r G e : - n e d s . ~ te e T I .hat]lIo1d a n e d g e frn- a .

' i ! o n g time. The main differenoes are i i : r . n

handle m<l!tedal" size and C - o o J . . Ifin-

v,e;stlng in a set of ,quality , eh]~elJ11l~mak!e

Sill'€ the ones you choose feel! ,oomfort-

able and wcli i . balanesd in y , o o . . r hand,

How W I .$harpel l ,ol il il se ls ,

lG f lm J O f t ranj' fIkkS: I II SI , , ', I1g", i i , b e " ' n d ! , " I gnnlkilr \ 1 1 1 m II

,medium-.,glii(~1 ~.lll·~t. Ing

st«lel). M I I I ! ! 1 me 9 ) ( 1 1 1 1 0 m e ' M a t : porUct l l e 'tgg'! ~

with '~he beveJe1l!lI,side fKing up. Mold the'tip mindIlbe

wht!ellpl mQl Ie it &0:.1 s < i d e kI ~,[~ng,tt le cutiJl:'lg

edge $ A!I ! lJ ~ C O oll the l b l i ! d l l ' k e g l ! e r t Q y ' W I l l ! w a te r to _

f i t frnm lOSing 1fS~.mpQr . !/It.... a ll n ic ks aIi'Q l$ne. bnn lhe

[Illall~,so ' tiM o O O R I n , g , , o o B e Is ; down. A d j u s t th e roD'1te5tso

'ft, lJIa.d~,toucf!es, t f !e gti rrdlngwmll l i ' l i I I : II2 5~ b ev el.

i M t 'I N e th e b la de fIMm 5i'd .e "tll, side, hepi 'ng me ( )! <! d~ ~ ~ ~

2 5;" b ev el. C O Otil'l.u e ·[ ottlO l tilE 1 1J I:a dl!e , Q w l a rt J ;,

'li! lc e a r e ll 'l , ,_ , ' 1 1 m , ' P S , ' ,of , 1 1 1 g b "t , ' ! n , _ ! l i e ,!I '~, ' (![II m : ii, l il ne . .g r it , :

i IIII:. ,slW penq 5ft l f le '. PlueUte bacK fit' me lJ I~ e Qn ' t I \ ! . e

_tstone an d dt:sw it bac t ~ 1t!nt'i sevei fa l t imel l ito

re mc we an y lb urrs ,

3W ' 1 P E 'fiestGl1(1 wl1hilcleanlll'a~ a n d a p p i ) ' morec~il.

1 Iu m 'H I e b la de ov er i' a nd hc( 'd it.a t II25 '" a n 6l 1l s o . I jhe

beYellllsMiltaplD5t ti le : Sk in e. Draw' 1fIe bUll bact( i"OOI

rortfI'. Mefe, lI bwel ,gI Il 'de' Is ! 1 S ' I l d form IPfedse ~ge ,"a~



Ih e nglillt,way 1 0 ' cut 1 i I ' l i l l l ge Oi l D : r U s e s ,

mstailling lunges ( or s trik e p lli,a u. .c os )sa

~1'equentlye-!!lO(l1,l![(t~'0d task~br t.he handymw-.u.

and as ofte·nas nat we l \ € :W . y '001 'tlNt:d;am-mlcl-e:n'~

metbQ(J,---- 'w:i i th nri iwoo results, Here~s the best

way to cut a :hinge mortise.

16 . 0 0 1 .!MIVe.. '~.~eh ' j ~ . _ p I _ . ' ~' ~ I . f . l l ! s. ' , ~ • . I M W l b l . e 'i l~ d ._ .P O S . _ ili.~~1. , , e . ~ l J i i 1 g e ~ ,11e a~or s: bi li e p la lf e e n t f i . e , edge 'D f tfte, d OO r e r o n m e d :o olf Jam b.

' T a c k : I t: 1 [ I .m place, w l t th '~re:ws, tr len ooO.I l j ' ian oul ii tne 'af ll l.Uld i jle

pla , te ,w: lh l ~Iutil'ity l i m i r e _ l I iI I l $ I ! !l Ieven ts l tihe '~ f f,orn ~pllllt8riilg

p a~ 1 tie 'e fld s of th e IJIIQr&e.

3 ' M U ! t he be !t el ed edp gt t he c lh l&d I1 ! iJ ! )Ha ta . g a l n s t ~h e work ''lpI",,!;:, m o t i l e O il ~ e I I 1 ' e $QI ! i e l l e f i li u t$ I f1 1 ~ , w a .: ii W ' wood aM a o~ 'tIN

I ' I l l J l l ; ' l : i s ; e . s ,ace 'UJe Wits % to 1 ,4 I n . ,~pa r t (make dosert l l ts IIJI

nlltd'er I H O U d s t . ThecUw!!OOuk)111ie , e q l i ~ 1 1 if ! d~pthklHle ' l i tf i ' i t!ed

It'I~pthnf HIt: !DIlrtilse.

Cuttin,g

2QUl!DSe II ohisellt h a.RC lI ;U : t oChe~1D ll Wldthl ; !. ! l ·the~.'

W \ I U 1 1 1 ! J l (i 1 I b Iwe ' l' e d5 ll fe ~ iH ! e Ch~ f aD ingW f f ll !l d 1 : t ! .emorbi

tap, the b t : ! , t t (I f t I ' ! ,e chMlllh"ftn~, W I t Il ,a w oo oo r 1 !iU llb erI m < l l l e t . , O u t

IlntG,m e 'wood to , a ~ equii11to t he 'U \i dt neossof lf le 1 l1 JU ! r ei d ,D r

s t .dke p la te. fut :along ,i 'l l l s ides o f foo r ,s i ( ft e d 1'IKIfII~.

4-lean _It_ me, · ~ s t e~I ~dili~ng tfi~.cbisel laga ' iRSt . the dlree-tIO!:ilof t i l ! ; ! IitIIIW wts.ifu iMJllli d,gging Inklodefll,O]r 1.0lree,p

t he IbevdWI 'l ld 'ge ;, td tfle t i p , flat in l 'ie, mortiSe. ~peth e IbIltilIrn , I O : f

t I M ! !n!lII'tise S I 1 I O { I t b . If ~I IllliBd ig, ('I~e,penlthe , mor ti se j repea t: !the

p!'l)O!Jd!!!:'Q~d(ln't s I 'mply!bJkI m ab d~r!!C ra l) ing ¢ u~~



Cutlng Pmject ;Parts

CUittingparts to s w z e usuill.]yinv(llv,es makiD_g;

several differen:t " t 5 f])es of cuts. willi ny-~1:ti.pleroo~,In this· : : ;G( : ' I ; i l ) :nwe'v1e descrihed fll(Jf)Lo.frr :he istandard

cuttjng opera:tb:rns J~IiJ~".reHte1:y We:ll00lilli i1ter wh~] ,e

WO{I(]WQrllidng~1 n : ' mel:! operatienwe've suggestedw h :a .J tw e be ll~ BV \e to h e ~ he be G 1l; m e tffi].o o.~a s weHoo a

few <):~te~I'HII1'!lestJ:laJtan get the job done adJequ~:te~y

if you don .'· fi;own the rsugg€aied tool,

'The essentiia~ cuts you~ make time .and a_gajn

ar e r~p.'SC'Uits (f or " rid ilD .) a !lld . cn:mscuts {fur len.gtl l iJ .

A.~}lI0Ul'~l{msadvance an.d.~he complexiity of the

pIlo]:ects 1liJiI!l Ul l l1 .der labkienereaass , y o u _ ! l l i l a ls o n ee d

to make miter and bevd cuts,tapers, curvt--ncut.s,

pat. te rn ·[OI .lm» i .ngcIL t s • •y;rg€~p~nfilecI1.t~and :reS(uJJ-

. i - n f J : e : o o c l l k t~Jrtthickne!'lR

All o f these·C-'IJ'k;

can he' made wii:~hport:!l!bleband \loots. Eut y;D-u'UgcIII,craHy get fafi'!.~, more

<'iiecma'l:€ results with is'~tton:n'Y sawing t oo .~8 .Of

these, i l lnB tahl,e sswand Ulepower IlJi l lter saw are

the lUOSiU- v,ers<'l.Jti1e. band sawand a scroll saw

,aJre .aIliso,ra~uaib1emlmtiO'ns as YOlll d ev ,e 1o p yo ur

worksho(p.

IBeve l ! : lib

Tools for cuttl ng pants

A iO lRCtlIA lt S AW :and SIir~lghtfilge tuning

.g))Iiat ' CO l! ! lb e t E i ed tlJr!l~O:isIlIJJ~' ! l i p , "!I~,bevel c uts a nd mitft ' euts.

Tr Ii IEm.sA !T1LE ' IG i SAW fa l5 llo( l :i ll edasabet i

saw)! 15.CIIIUlllltof l lI l ' , ' ; l i l lDg an y !lut.llit a!tels

at ( )uUb !~ < c u r v e s and l m a k l n g I lnWrlor '

cukl l l :ts,

.A.lPOltl lBl.MIliUS,AW is I I E t l i e G t f ur m i lk in g

l l' ep e 1 l: 1 b! e a rD5S e u t s " eluding: nlJtetred O r

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 e d < c u t s ~ b e ' w e l ~ reqmre i ; ! l C On " , " . ! ! : ' ! ! ' !

m I te r ! s aw ) .



Cutting

----

I- - ----- --- --- '

iI \ T A B LE S AW I s the 11f i i I : I ! 5 i t I l e a i d l . w I m M I tooIl

In mos t . r rood~I iJJP& ' Ul:; '3nllm;3i!>e jm . aoout ,

< ' ! ! l ) l sbr.r""t cut,Ilnd!!dl~ ~I~, O ! _ n d

I r r l i l e l f S .

A R O I J 1 I j _ R ls m e d to, m a k i li ' d a d o e s and ~ a b -ht~~w e 'l ..s td p p!Wlts. VII,iII!s p e ! i i \ O ! J

I i J I t s aDillaooes:Silties i l: ~ii ai~ 1 ! l E , I D S e i l I for

, ..dtem ,llIiftijIn(!i,~llitIe ~liIfling:Bl1 Ifi:3n}'

Q I l h e ! r ,~l!ttlngal!b.

AStRO l!!l S AW is afli!\!~te tooilfor ,cumng

Irm r i~ ~ ~ ur re ~ ...~ IP lM : em s .Tl!Uf ~Nl lnQt

11 ID ' i ' i ' E i ' f i i l 1 1 1m a re r ,e lm l i'l fe iy e a iW [ Q , lma~, .



IMaking IR'lpCutsThe process of Tip-cutting is

ofI: irull rof~d '1;0.00 ,c.utt ing par-

allel 00 , 0 ' 1 " parallel withtl1:e g r ,I D L h B . •

Whl]bhis is true fu~8 0 1 i ' : l l wood.

you'm o:ftenfind yourself liPJlmgp~ywom:lacrosB the surfa.c€! grain,

So .it"s,perhaps better to t1:nnk

of rip ..cutting HS the process of

C "u tt in g s to ck tnwidth,

IRi,p-cuttingwith a table saw

Th(lwbl~'saw iseertainly the

most. Ct}llV(ini~t and mose aeeu-

tate maehine foil' ripping Iumber

and sheet goods. Make sure therip ferl i : :eiB a .d . ju s :t e d. s o it 's p ar ...

allel to the 'blade and at Iilight

angle to the table, Squaring up

the fence CaII.be: ' tt ie h :s '! N it .l l the

af ten-fThnsy mnet.}g t h E l i r i t rom.e 'With

some t8ib'~esaws, T h , E . ' l J . t " s .w b y youm ay want ro , e on si de e s e.lJ 'i m lis .ly

investing in ,after~m3i.1"keteali-

hrated fences tbat are [;tu.rClly~

adjjootable. andaecurate. Ma . n y

new ;!Saws 11m .,",come equipped

R Ipp in g I bDO 'l ni stoWldlflI , sh o dt 'l il be d o lW afta one. edge hAS been, SIiI~j'e iJ (see .ous .~

'UQf !~&lI OIlflat C \l fl fls u l' fa l;l (l' e an m te , r ag a'in s t th e ,s aw 'klm (! or be u~ l 'till If.~ r a u lw.alghtw,ge 'flllr m~l!.In,g l1,p,(ltIls wUh h am 'f "h el d ' t D o I s . . ,

with a higiwr-eooriJJ' feAre .

T ab le sa w s a JM com e eqlilliwed

with a number ,o f safety iM!i;1. lI i 'e!l l

to reduce the hazards ,of 'r lJ l eut-

ting Inaddition tothe b~adegoard ,

Ir.heriving 1tTIi~ew.ii:lhantiki,ek-

b~ ~'1.wls b eh in d. tb e b llia de pre-

v en t k ie K lh ac k.when rip pin g b oa rd s.

Mak'in.g'l·ip clds. (See pho-

tos. next pege.) Set t l ' 1 { 1 l r i p fence

so the distance behveml itsinner

face and. the tooth of your saw

- --

HD'W to rip various materials with a tabl,e SH,W

I lONG BOAR iDS. 'M !:e n !!iW lng long boa~as. . tilll tfle

lback.or'~ Iboa!fd 1 ! I t I su ItIss l i , g t i l l ; Y l'IilJlb' t liaf;l

~e l s a w b l l ir i 'e ' . , O D ' in g tI'Ils ' W i l l p'e ss m e , h a t l ln .1 l e d ;e '

o'Ule b O ; ; l r d l f i lrml,~ dow nl O nl t f le sa w t aI iI Ie . I Lo l' l' er t he

II1a~k(ldge of lhe I!ioaltdl O I S U i e l ll ir t p~ogres.ses.

S H E E r GHPS'; N J I ~ , , o i i ' ~ , p a r t im f e '1 ) o ;a 1 ld a D d Q U I il l ' s h i lE " t pods ,

~a n Ile II'Ipped 'e f l f~~1r 00 .. tJ'b'le , s a w ifywi Ip-osi:uon Ii s tu tU y b ib le Q nU U :

l ji ut fe e d s i: de Q~ 'U te~ , at , O f ,(u;st l be low t tl e t M l l N tab le syrf~e~, 1M m any

w o o d i i i l O d r e r . s ~f to ,cut 1 I ' I j i ; ~hH~:s · d'owiil 1 : 0 1 stie witt! a cir,oolal ' ::law o r p an eJ ~

Q!fll ;h:g s aw fill'st.



Cutting

15t.tfl lRIIs V I I . . . ,..Ieft tnt '~ t.eh'ontleft 'COmIr u f 1h e

1 law~~1IhJ :~~ )lid

, r\(ht: _ lite~ lefttalnd U I

lIIep w ktipIe W .. -calnst th e lip

' f M I o a ' . u..11'~ '*I\evet I Wfft..~~,..... hand to be doAe r

a..;lII't~ite1b6 ' bliH.

2~1IIItI~ '1 l81he ~1DauIhlM blig _ P'Ii ' dIht hand

8!1 : I I I e _01 th e bOard api i~ the

frOnt e 4 & e af Ihe_ Wh. ,SWb'h IIIiI

~ tII,~ i ' l B " , t ; " h a ' i i ! I I U'~. . , .~ ,ou r left hand en Ibe ilileed die, '"

Ib e I ; M d 6 at : a.Umes..

~ 1 1 " "the lIiM f 'W b I lh e buUnI hi,piI1I till ~ p.8~ life

,b lad e ~ , . . r ~ haAi l u n t i l ' ItdeaB

the I I I I H J e IIAt~O U I . f e e d slide. Slide U te

cutotr~ 1 I M 1 ' from the ~wtdI j

""'1eIf~nd O r a _ s l I C k to ~Iit '

It: f r M I I ~ r n cDlltact l'IiIh 1he blade.·

blade is ,equ~ to the width you1re

a ft€r r fo r jill)Ur' workpiece. U se i i \ ! i ,

BIt.ee~, ru le te se t tbe dl is taI iJ .C.B,

mtheif t h a ! l 1 J 're[ying on the eali-bm ti:io n m ark s on th e frQ r~ ,ttofth{l :

wN(::!. O W l _ _ c e the !b la de is p !)siL ~,o n,e d,

,(l~~ m o c - i ll r . thefe:nce mp:;!l~~-

lion " , v i t l' n f } l ~ ~ I O t l lc T I fig ,handle" Set

We M o%d eh e ~g h t 80 it ~~ .nd s ~o

m e r e i1 Ih , a n a J b 0 1 L d " ~ in. a b o v e t h e

surface of Y(lUX woiikpwce. Sta~d

sligbtly to one eide of'r the blade.

not r u r e c tW . y behind it so }'O'il.lteOUlt ,o f the jine o :f ti:re : i e n the event

a board gem thrown baCk. Push

the marowith your l"ight hand

--

- - --

tw lROW ,S in up s; Whe! ! ! i lJN l iU t t l! '!g ; : II:s ingle III<3If1i'(lWln1plece from l ~ : w id e r b oaH Ii ,. t he 0 1'3 1'-

n w $ h :i '~ ~ ! ! I ! ! k 1 Ilb @ g ! ! . ~ QPp~:re * " i I l l : ' : , ! : I f ~@ 1 i ) I \ , ' n ; h ~ r;grnl t h e 1 11 1 1 "el 'H)E 1~lef lpl]mD~. nI ls,

if ftpSl:he w i d ! ! < . i ' llorU'on ,of t I ' ! ; e 1 J j ; o < ! ~ : ! I b e t l N e i m , tb(j 1b'1adeanllih lripfence ki1a l low ' miIii'E

Ii'OIIrnr:oo y o u r hand or : i ll l ii M J I S h s t i c k . l o ri p < !d ser i€s ,o f! ' li lf ! i' lm w.p~e !O , : s e t 1 lbedJm.ooe

lletweenlbe blade and ilhe I ! ' I p fe i1Qe to ma tc h 1 Ih E !~ l'! 1e !l de d w ldU l g '~ l 'f g rk Jl llM~$ yg l!

In~. (Ii~ ;:Illnlllll'~W IPushsl lkkt.o guldetbe p~s ; :I 1'Cng~t he ~p fence (lfigJrt pho to i) • .

w h ile g uidL n:g it frrmly ag~t

tile fcnoo wirth. ,Y(ll.llXW e f t . ' M o o D ! w n

f u 'l ll : ( lo n U 1 o l li ( lEthe w o t k p ~ e o @ '

Unroug];aO\TI" t th e cutl !lDti l Uilis

W'e] ] past the b~de.. Thoo tum

off the sawand waH lr . a ~. "O ln Id . W

th e back Qr. mach i n e to re t r : i iev€

the boon:LAiwa~ make a t~t out

0]1scrap wood befh: re ,cutthllg yam

s to ck , M @M lJ !re lih e 8cr.ap to mm

sm,(l~t is rur~ct]y the r i : b t l ' l t width,

O tl€ k,e :y P :W :1EtOf. .em,@mw

is to [le¥W!:I' let youroogi !m3 got

d!i)Sel'lLJ!1alJi ab~l!ltG llinchesf i l ' o m .

the b~ade. Never ]etyour hands

get !w:rectly behind iItlllie IiLatd.eor

they could getp1Ldled into it in

theevent ef kiekhaek.

To riJP a narmw boarduse at

p:tl!sh stick rather than. yotl. i l" h~md.b.): l:eoo the board, A f i 3 > : l l I M e r n o o r o

clam ped . to the salJNtable willpress

til@ stock aga: imst l the fenceand

al IJow yu:uw hoop .;i'i01.ll" lefth;;JiJw

a \v ay flr m .'nfh~lad e, H old . d ~'l ts

caabe clflimped to the rip feltl"e

to ~nlt the s lloci" fu Jm o o ; u l l c i . T I g

Or ('jb.~tlE:¢ringas y . Q u . F o o d . it

thrv!l!lgh the blade. Make surefeather:bQmds. and h o~d dOWl] 1ij ,

are nO'~pr'essed.l;oo t ig,hoHy

rg ga jn stth e s w d!r.,



SliR'MURIEK'[ our~'1 iI N iG G U I D E : W ~ i l fi l

th e 1 ' ! t ; l p oj' a I ! I P I I I

S1ml'lg1ltell~ ~c'a[!

u s e , y o u r ,tiKdiilll' s a w

to , I lI1Ike, Il' li!lluls that~ ~ rly ,..s . j ; I l; :W: '

! ! . I re a s t h o s e m , . . d e

00~bbkl,~~ M M ! J

I i: 'an~a~al

sI!riIlg1tted~, like th:e

~e!lI alurnituim

lmode: i5hovm 0 3 b c : v e ,

,~:~.;I ple~ ,el

m dk (:Ii s t r I P ' of lpall'-

1ik:lebo.iinljr~~ t&Xa1D"

lp1e~UIlII .~S f>1J!li~ .

SIfiQ(llh.ed.~ an d

,even.

Rlip-cuHing with a,,circular saw

Whime it wool ' l ; give YOlilquite the precis@, elean

outs of 8. Ulble Sfl:W:, , i ! I I , eireular s~twmth th~right

blade can do a f:atl"lygood j:ob o:frilP~[ttrung on non-

critical wcrk. Il'Slpod:9!bflitymakes it ideal for

on~.M!: ,oonstructioIII..

I Ripping a srn:ai:ght l i l i n e . wit1 a dtwcl!Jlar saw

t req l l l i i . res~hc€luse ofa CU~ t i nggmdB . Most saws

'mm e~ i.th a n. < :li.d lju® t< .'li~ l~lppit1Jg1i'e:lleolli1.'l,t

attaches to the lbasep~ate. Th~s~~used fot rippiog

fairly narr.>owo s b ' ] f 1 l S pah':aruleltn an edge, pareicn-

larly en beardstoo narrewto be :ripped.~"iitha

st"r,;;dgboodge g~d.e •."I1],e~l,M'aey o tf the a d j U 1 i i t a ! l b ] , e

m E P O R T I A B I ! ! E : O I R O U W S A W l ' s a h a ! '! d _ J b I ~ ll o r 1 1 , p ; p i ' n g

m e e t g.cods am I~ , smdk · tk i w n t » , 8 m8n~B lJ r e , w:ldII'I~liud:

~'I: w e : ii ' e > q U i . p p e d f u r · fne. w t I ( I ( !M i . c rk l n g : ~s.

QfFLSEI'cumrm 'GU IDE'& A.lon(;: .SIlrai'ghU:d~

guidemdl ,iI bu' i ibfnof&et. · c a n l lb e lm a d e 'wlth

tw o pieces of SClfO'l l! lmlinJ O I i f r slJo]l.roolil

need o ! l l ~~jl!' r l I f 1 1 0 3 ~ d b D a r d (It p t ) iW t lO d f l A I I I L .

wlll'kswell)! O1a.fsat least 12 iln.Widen]

p re f, et ab l~ 80 .. i ll n~ . Tack ~ p1eceof st li 'i ll gl it

s t~~p W ' O ( ! ! ! l J (a 2 x· 4 ·or 8mDOW . s t ri ,p o f

~ . fm , pipDOOwii i wo l i l l 1 , tll~be Ih~bmrdl wU te .scrap' li s pa~alfelw1ih t i 'l .e t lanlboam (If

all",8",thl'Dne e lf its, fld.JljlS., ·Orien~.iIJj~ serap

0 3 0 0 l1 'ai 'dboardl'SO1 : i J I e I ; ' e Is an ,lI:fft.et tfiillt [5

sli 'fl lti i iy l tenge l ' Wiandle dlsl'lllli:e i f r l l m ~e

ed.~, oftfie s a w lfoa U o m e I b l ! a d e . 1 i i I J e n , simply

f fim liON l ib e edgeo l' th e I1ar!~1 ' W i l l i th e s a,w

fool: 1 (1 I i1~ agalff it m e scrap ~ fen !: e . ;; ~ iam l !l

th e gil Id e til y D u r w o f ' i l q ; J l e C ' e S C I , l f ie bilM l.ed

I !I f¥wood led ' ge ~ . wil l i l ygura:ll:tilng line.

A B i l lI S 'F A B I !! E R I P i l I N G , I f E r U I E ; N t l; i~ t c lr l : i 1 !1 a :r~ . c um c Y d U ! a n ,

~);I$t.abler ipping f ,s!QJ mat : a 1 ; l t r . a d ' ! ~ ~ to t l 'ie r ,iJo i o f~ fOa-~ 11I'!e

r ence l i'i tl 'e s i II: oog theed .ge o f ' the b oamt o gU kk llt 1: e ~,wso It . outs

~ li ne p ar ,;tIl li:1 ~ . me ImBnlIl~. These ,aowssoiks8fe ' ifinel~ IUP'

IilUts t ! ! ' ! a _ t ~ 'g !1M;~Q!!d a IN~ I~ ' m i ! l l ; l ! l y ~ q ;



Cutting

!t']ppiling f t ew . . e e ' can be ~mproved by screwmg a

wooden batten to ~Ito @xtGod. its beanng surfaee,

The b~st way togwdlelhe saw ina .rip c~t ~sto

,dlum.jp 3. £t~aigb:tedge, t,'1IJidc{l to . th e W,(lrll.priH(:eaJ1li1":1

Iriln "the edge OfUtB saw's base plat@ (foot) aga. i f iLst

Wi t .Th i s g U liC iJ e c a n bs s tor&bough 't orr shop-made,

hut must be longetl(i l l f , , :ot .rJ .mOl<-err 'h3fig '~.e work-

piece o n b~th ' 0 ! : ' l 1 d s .

DeterntirdJ,tg' the (j~t. Th .e "o .f ff ie t " of y O U l : ! ! ,

saw i l i J the dllita:l'u,:efrom theeclt.ce ,offlle foot that

w ,iU :rid e allom g a s:t-r.aIg h:llred ge to the cmm,,f ! iI~edg@ of

the c ut 'l in g ' b ~ :E l! de .Eouse the sa w with. a stl'aigh't-

edge guide you'1ll l . .need to know ifth is dtstanee, To

[ind it, 5jmply clamv a stl'aigmltedge to a piece of

scrap and. make a cut, fuUow:i!l1gil1le 1ij ,t raiginteaib1'8.

T hlE e8JS ur-e rrom ttue edge of th e kerf to th@ " slW aight-

edge: j ; fui i ' i : i~he , i: !~ ~ ta r r' n! (; eou~ sl;r.srightedge l l il l L 1 i O S t

be , ,e li la :m.pedftQ:m ' the (;utt i I l lg lfne en you~w'O:I : ' i lk . - ,

piece. Or, Y"~)~l1an make at guide with a built-inoffset (See photo, PSlge' 54\,middle).

TIP: VVheJ.l 1milli]]g mong' rip euts, stop th e cut

pezror:l ic8!]i l ly and : I i L i ! p wood s l umsmw the kerfy.ou\·e

eut, Thiawill prevent the kerf from ,eil.osing up and

,cau1i!ing the saw b r n a O ! € l t () O O pinched inillie e ut (V IlIlle h

can bog dOiVJ..l J t t l . € ! , b~d€l 01"CW(!!l thro,w the s aw) .

lR i ip-cutt i l1 i wi th a b llnd j s aw or ,iiI: saw

Bd!I' t : h e j l = . s a w an d V I e bandl s a w

'QJe qde ~pllbl'e of lmaldl l ! s~ IGb t

c:ut$,. lbut y a u caolt '~poed eMleI l ' to

lPWliUc"& iflDlsl!! cub•.ViNje 8 tibl'e .~.

~ ile lW e' 81 deoo~O OG lJrale ~ ~ CI

;s u rta o oll!a t r e qu ir e s 'D Il ly l igh t sa l ld "

l ing; ·81;ig S ! ' ! W 'or'bllld;!lIilW ' c:ul Is , ~pPled

an d Its Iblade tlas II te nd emCy ~o wandel l .

So i ih " O u ' l ie golpgm ikI Y O l U ' d~plns

~ndl ¢~ G!ilWQI U! is ' w a r r purl l l IluM'' t o ' ,cl~1l r u F , )th e ~ . w , n : S l ! f f l ! ! i ) e s . w t l i l ill

ffa nd p fln e/O f u se ' ill r ude r I I ' i I h r ill

_loItK!IflUsMui bit.

IUl ll ike t al ! le ! saw ~,ilg sa w .and

bant! l 5mII' dp wt s . eftnl be madef l i ee·

hand, fol1 !m fQga s crib ed lin a. '!Iiltls

,can~e 81 II'eIIIIad l tmtagewl le l l making

JI d, p 'C~ tJila,t, B no t I Il i' tG lse !y I )a ra ll 'd

toll le . e . t [ g e I l d ' u a e · kru'd l o r ' p e m ~ p s

e Y e h hi s i'l!Jll~t tu.rn I!IIl CUII'W milt.

Y o l l ! . : a n , g l l i i l 1 l n n ~ k e ,:sbal!gfilt lrlp ,outs

W iQ ] t l ' : l e s e t n Q : l s U ~u c1i tGrn;e~! .ls lng iii

s1!ralglrtedp, guide wilh th e jig !a'o'II'O!,

a guide or f~oo!!!,·w ft h · th e band saw .

Scille, jJ g . S i S W S o om e w ith 0 0 Jd jp sta b1 e

s i d e feocel,sJ!dl i ! f t. Q 11M ' (In a d w u r ' a l r

; s ; 8 iI W " fO i l ' mding nBflIDWCIAs p a r- 11 M I i t i l !

all ,edge'~

W ,h 8 l l t i p p I n g n i U ! l a ji.i~ c i M 1 l n s e

~ l li lld re r b'h'ldt(0 p~gne t@ 1 i I e . l I ' n g )

W i t h ! 3 1 I!e l~ II!lW nJ)ll!bn of tedIiI

p e l l ' Illcl!i.Jhe, ba!ldSawsl!~l~ be fitted

'A I i : th a wide (1t.! ID . Orwl 'dSl" )sk i ,p·todru

blade ..

R i I P « I i I I l i ! N G ~ A J l ! ! G 1 : S A W l O n e atfmrlaP w l !I .S ! !l g ~ P 8 ~W m;(~ rtp ~ lhi;

Ili!lll ~r);lemy t A l, ~ lO P a $ba'iSfi~ .,.nd Illid&; ~ ,wi: t t !<tf.~.00 l par.dt~I·t:9~ ,~

of t l h E . board. lBe surel l ie guire' i s .Bet to i l l lO w ' l o l i' the ~ ~n the saw foot

I I t : 1 d j b l! iO O .

lRlP,c;lmiINQ M i II T H iii

B AN D S A W : 1 L I l ! eiii~ . a jbanil sarr

e an ma la ! . r ' ! p W .mut5

ttliilt ~t~l~~o!!~t l' ie c g M f n i of 1 M w ood l



fY : I , I ' l I'" - 1

rk vs .~FUrnl.ur,ma~):Ii~ ,*IIdo)woo ... ~~

v ~ l I d d fu.. . . . . . . . . WngJExh 1 1 5d tf Ir tW . .. Its '. ,

~ ~cture"" ~\YbIeth~ 11 ClH'-Jb I n I f ; . . n . CIO$SIl!II!I' ~lI!n 1h&~If)Vlire

, ~t.) dIIenilinII ¥AM joints bI ~ for}QUI

- 1 ~ ln4*Iq U te c a s e w t : l 1 1 V . . u~"t.red IM I n c : t I o Q 1 $ a'

: 1 ~-.u.g~', .

~ ~ goo.I$ ;are t I S f d for c as& 'M l Itt ( ~

- and CfIIbIi;a). Butt jolr¥ nlnfdWd w ith '~ .~ ,

• ~Qr ~ ~arq C O l " " " " " ~: iQd dado)o;1nts c am e ," b an dJ "a s well A furniture-

.m8 I i.wOd lS 'n»S It j k I ~ r.I lh stnlcllU'8fI_ttaatdepand

JI*h, lice dow IIai~ ~ -' hiilf...

_ '"_ to be b.&.

* " " *al l ld;~ng to

~*

, ,

'-41

56 WoodWOl i d . n : g



l -Vood Joinery--- -



Butt jail'll&'B·iI,l'tt.oi:!:l.m a re th e s im .! I) le s: Lw oodwor ki ng

jointg kI eutsnd bu~1d..And whenused in tl~~rightapplications, L1:u~;yrequiek to assemble and. ])1~lty

S ,O O i) n g • .A butt joint : w s ,formed when two workpieces

are bllilttMtog-e;tl1er face-·to~fa. re,end~·to-@fid" > € ! d l g ~

to~edge 0[ ' any emllffi:ociin3.'liorn of~hege s.wri<'l;(;"€s.

Unlike other- t -Yp€8 of joints, the mating surfaces of

a bu tt j:Dint a:r!3~ H i J n fltllit and sm oo th , vritl1cro.t :®iny

additlonal rrsaehindng, B@c~~ the maJlingpar~'S do

not inted.odt. butt jOIDIIl[$lin wooc1iwoIiJ!dng s~t-uat iorls,

,tiliffl i1ili~1Uy w-eo.a_k0rthanother sty~e9land are

b@s t l e: f: t,: fo .r j oi rc in g pOO"ts th :a J[; don't naed to move

01" ,Sil! ,1ppo,rl; .gf f l.at amounts of wliight,

M :oder 'f i woodwo . [ 'k .i :n g g lu e s r oh "m i n c re d ib ly

strong joint&---.on :8. ~l'Qpe:rl!y m~t'lJe j(lir~t,. the sur-

m1!l[[djng wood nbefl"s wiU b~ak be:l:br-,eU'lie b : t r n u e

j ; rn l1 . ' t . fails ..But glue alone won~t save 3 1 brlllt j :mntsub jected to excessivehvistmg, pu l ID ingor . s l lear i .ng

['.o.1'"Oe8. l I T . f y ; o u ,ch005@ to U8~ b u t t jO]IILtS.j i l t " f i ! o f 'L e n a

g oo d Id ea to : rel l l lb 'N:€ ' th l@joint ,v:ruthnsjlsj. se~""",s

or biscu~t8 W~ete it willli be subjied~dl;c tension Olr

racking s'WesSei3, Nails, dowels, splines, screws or

bolts wilm s~il:1i.gthc:n albubt join:t fl)atmu.st

,car.ry aload, preventing it (~Gm faiill.ing due to

shear; Foclk.e~erewsend ..m.eooafilieam"kn.O!".Jk.~d.own"

f'asten.e:rn have beeome popular Jrelm:rorcingQ"plljo'Jl;,~

inrecent yea:riS.

Bulliijo .mts am used lor edgfr"gluing lnmVilcl iU;;I) . lboards tugrl!t!llerw, form wide panels saeh as table.

.A .8m 101M ' I C l I n be u sed I!!,l!!rdabolrt a ~ J ' rroodwo:~lnB sltutlt lo!! .

Ifilt wil l l ! ln t lEr :gl; I ' ~~"'!! gr I J IW " '~~ ' I !! ,-~ .~good Id@a W rnJflf l!rooh'

1 l0 0d b utt J ! ! I l : ! t w l 1 l l ! a fa ste ne r, S l!IC hOISaSCJii ! i ' i ' .

tops, C;':ii:rc~~, wodd::.euoh<'!:ud ''bul.il;her-Mock,'' sur-

' f.a ; tl € :sand ,c .ut l; ing beards. Edge-glued buJ. t jcilnts

are stronger than. other lb~U .joint oonfriguJl"at iW1!s

beeaasethe boards are joined lengti"JJwifle~!31ill()IILg

tllile gra:in (caJ. led lo.ng-grain.). LO""ng" ,~am. grnuing

provides plenty of surface area.[o~ glll( le alOI1:gl;il(;)

jcint, and lb~6auSl@ the wood floms nul parallelto

tb e ] :Q i . l ' l . t iit!i~ le ad o f a cro ss ,it,th e ib oa rn 8<can G,,! ])~])d

aad oontl'.ll!c:tevenly aeross the gram astempera-

ture and humidity f li .uc li 1! ll :aw . lPl1! l1s ,Qm .ggrain scaks

'U p j u s. t e n .o 'U g l a .g , ll lew n ( l l l i ( J i th e j:ob~tti.gi]].tb

----

Reinforeement o'ptions

F lN I S I N _ A J l L Sa r e e : . a s y f i l s 1 e M 1 r S tg, ! ! ! f o e t o r

Irelnfi l l fCq: MI; ilJinls. Dri ll : i li lpi i.c t I~.c lef i l i i '

'Wl.eh n a i l l l : ! e [ < l I f e clnMng l i t . . Se t .!tie IDi li l head

IbeI:m t l I 1 . f J l woodls l iu fate· W . H h a CUlJ1eeDy.

s .1 z E d n a l t se t "

I ll flAGO.~L .GL l IE !BLHKS ~iiibe g li ie d l

1!Je1Jf'.'31Ii13 Wti;i~lntf:ol: ' ad~fOonai sup.pnrt. .

U s e llie m w l t I J l Qr w i l k J l J ! t atI ' (lllInnalfa&tt!l·

eM: rnffle i~lnt : . .1 ihebI'ocfq;; ar e ·at t i l~JJtdW i th g l u e , onlf.

W O O D :S C R EW S ar e I P D . p t i ll 1 l r i l '! i rt e n e i : r . i, f m t l '

. re ln lmmklg I tM! ! f t l~lnts" I M t y ! l l iould be

d ! 'i !lm I n to i!:(l!,mte~ or cout l :ml l l : ik

I p U ( J t I 'I d 'e f O .



1 \ OOUH TERSQRE K -D LE ,ba$ 8 cylindrical itop Intendedklaccept a

woodscRiNi ' p iQU; ill 'CG unie !!SiW i h ole h as a bc le ied ·~plu st d eliPly

en~gh for 'Ule screw-·head to be d l r i v e n l lbe law tf i:e wood] surface"

.,1I" 'a smail ~ssbl fie . ~ w ith wmod p l J t l ¥ "

' T h e 2 h ; Flilef O ! I g ' W · ~t:he~-i lhini~

rule: Scn!VfS !Jhnl.lll!!

be dltvefll thmugll

·tbe t il ii fDj; r wadi :·

p le£:e ' li r ,s t , whel' i iel\ef

po5!iillle.1lie I O W e l '

fimilihillls DIme ,

semi' ~~I(llendJ t ! p . '

I n l Ih t Imr' boaT,d

a ft er ~ h e iitil1'iW has ,

bemdf i, ' I I "et i .

II ! ( :O lllrffE llJ 'B BE ; 1 11 1,~ d dn

a p l l o t i l 'l . o (e , shan ' k ho ' k iand

c o u r r t e l 1 m r e , I 'l o le an ;at m es a m e 't:iIlKl.

.A eO tJN iiERSI:N it B .il ~ W I

Olel t o ; p cfa 1p ' 1 I ' ( J 1 : t o l e ,~th a

kw : l1 lh a 1: a ll lf w 5 · d Ie ~ ~

l ' Ieadw ! t i e i l 'ece~d.

- - - - W O O d Joinery I

------- -- -- -

I

I

1~t ! oomk:libore lillt to , CIiUlte":dltcIre 11]8 plllII: hD~ for

I th e S i l ' i ' ! i !W I(~ In . Is d ie s ta m hliJ d 'co unte~ dbm 1~ terl.

2D r i ¥ e 1 lh es ~, tt!e nl1 pP 'Jy lie , ~ U te eJ id · o f a m r~_ . . J * !B .g]In~ Itt, Into'hou!'derbDI'Q 1'Ig'k;"

31 I I m ' the IPI :q ' o !d I I 'I 1 . . c ' 1 i' 1 S d 1 , ftil~:SiIW m I r a s P 1 . 1 ) J e n 1

_ saDdPJe p l u g wrUll It~, I lMi r i WfUI,tfIe wllOd ~rf.j!ll;:e.,

Butt Joilrts59



Bisclii£.reinforeedl bult joints,Biscu i t jeiners (sometimes ,c-a l ] .edpw.te joinft.rs)

are single-parposetcols deslgnoo lIDdo just one

thl:ng~:cut matehing semieiecular s1[1'tsthBl.t accept

[Oo tb aU · sb a po o . b is e uiz s used 1 00r ein fe re e b u tt

joints. Ingene-tal, Yi)U '11 find that. enforcing with

bis~uits CN20WS a stronger- joint than usiing dowels

1)'1"most otli.er eonventional fastellel's. In addition

to reinforcing Joints1bis~llits also give you a near-

fuo~pl"Oo:fmethod m - . - ,!iligniing mating parts,

Bi iscudt l1 l . which lockthe joint together, ore ,

fo otb l3 !U sh ap ed d isk s m a de , of compeessed weed,

When . they ['!001~ into, OJl1Jti31ctwllith w e t g 'J lu e, 'Ua€,

mo i g tu J '1 l? J~ a ]1 d sl Jl ~l ll J. i nt o t li e, slo,m~mig}).b~,ning

t.he joint. ' They eoml2' i f.! s€v~al standard siizes (~O',

w hich is '%:in. x IV 4 in.; "100 , whieh 1 ! 1 l% I n , x .2 l} d

iri.; and #20, whi,ch is min ..x 2% in.) to covel' a

range ofj'o~ntappl i c3! : t1ons .

Befo~making a eut witb 8lb~scuit j o u i l i e r "

make SID:'e'hat the workpiece i8 secured ·to your

w(YI"ksW'~iI .oe . To , keep ilietool itse~Hi'om sl~pID.g.

most have Binanti"'5Up device (either a robber

'lr,ip(j,t ,a , m etal po iw lO to h~]p mainw! l l the g:rip 'o n

UU~weod ,

Ii ! IBISCUIiIi JIlINf 1'53 re in fu r·lie d IIId t: Jo ln t. u ~ IlmS;tiy in c.a&eWOl'k.

p ro je t: t! i. M a d eW i :tI J1 ( li e 1 ! J I j I C · , o f 4! l l lJjm.l l~: iD lne r (a l soca l le l l it PI'~

j;-a iner) blsclilt jolm s ,a ~ " Q 1 ( l k , <!_ndeas,. to ImaII:_8.. In addifimfol

reinklr"i~: E :id tj: o . ln t c S I n , f a c e ' f r a m e s , _ a n ! i l i 'Equenti¥ e l l ' 4 \ M G y e d

.~ h elp a lig n ~nd ~lnIor~1 r~ l !1bwba l i edHlJiing p a n e i l S m o m l

na~ :~~~';kgr bgW!:!g S b e e t : good~k I. g e 1 lh e rI W ' if(InnOl~rg$.

--

How to edge-glue 3 panel with biscuits

Ir na l 'lg e t r u e l iDinted boiu,&,toge1I1el'

m gd tfie, l~sIt lJle~~ _Clh 'of tfle

dlHerent , lJ rn 'lnpattems;. i Il !f s c !l n 'lag, some

trial and anU; Tip; a Jk :N R ' O le d ire cti 'o n

ofChe g r o - n t h rings at lIle, e ndS Q f U ' l e ,

liJ oa nk . J hls , l'Ie lp s, k ee p th e, I p a n e J l f , r o m

~pplng., (!nee 1'Ou'w, got. 811lfie board"

Oi In , ii ngedw } '( IU r s a t i S f i a c l i l i o n , d I ' o 1 W a "V "a~$$ al l I ! )l i1 t$·~fiV ! @ ~~l. ! !I .~ @ V ! @ I'eg$

of ' the "'i" it o malnta 1i'i y ou r a ii'g Dm ent a s

' fClIl,g1~, t rue panel.

2 0nce UK: l o o < ' J r d s : a~ l\all ! C I l! d i lI w l

, m ~!te tlp pI.. e 'd lemi l in "OmiCl", and!

mal l : flie ~ ~u lt lo ca tio ns. U s e a &qlliml' ik l

m a d ( all matIflg e d 8 t J $ to ' , e liS U l 'e , U l a t U l e

slots allGrl_.1 i ' SC : U l t i i i ' s hou ld b e' S J ! li ic e ll l , id J O O l

8 : to, I J ) )1 n .a .par t,wHh a IilIs wlt, ilb wi: 2 in.

I l ' I , f 'u t T l l eac.l1!,end. Aft.er I J D a i l k i n U : II_It:

IWMfiS" Ii:Irt.Ute ifnlt b W ; t1 l g r in e :: YUill '

IffiIIIb wlIfIllbe lPnrmanent IBiD: Qn i II 'le

r l ; l i f i l ! l u l l r l ' J l n e . ~ .

3"-/I". O !I ~ . eIt- o f . ' 1 I 1 b o t i n lP,PII ~ue "o _one , . ~' _sac. _:

, _ ~ h fo llM ll, U t e . 1 i , SC j i u ewc e . g J u e In to

thesloils. ,C-«nrnemal g lu e a ~p l~ or 8 Utat

reach into me .Bloll l are ,ava' ilable, ' (IIr rollcan slm jM ¥ SQ ,Ieez tthe glue if n wlU! I I l reg t li "

r ai l g lu e b ot tte 0iI~ ~M1 'U !e , g ! g e , w i U 1 I B

pcIpri l l~ l 'e stl( !k. Addlhe lilswil:s to , l fi e ' !S lo t s ,

on,one l iJoo id . I 'f a l ~ g I 'u l l q ! : 1l1fIte' 1 1 1 , ' 1 0 1one

H ard ia t, a l t i f i i .e" i I I ! lpl~~he ,glJe, r E l n d 1DM:11 :

·th e IIlI_lts lin e o.re :r,.h i o . a ! l ' d . NOWVOIID'

r e O O . V . ~ cla'lI'f' t fi e a ~ lJ ty .



--

I Wood Joinery- ----

-

How to Uatlten a board on a jo~ner- - - - - - - -- - - --- -- -

SUI_n tr . !! J 'd lM i cu I it : S i~es

(s hOW in ,actu al s ,i_llu l-

A B IS C I l ! l J r J O W E I I ' lOOllSi~ of a, :smal l ! d J r o . l l l J a r ' .Saw

bLlade t~ab(JLLt4 in . dia..) mounted at a r iGhla l lMJe

r o l 1 i h e lrootorsliimtat U le f.,lJm 0 11m e U l O I I , T h e'bliOOet~elKllO$N Ill' a~IliIlgc!~ InooSing;

l p l u » , g l n g tl!e~(loIl Into t he wod l.p l'ece~ose!I 0 1 '

porllron of t l 1 l e r (! lad s, wh ich 1 a : J . t ~ <lS8mk: l~euli<!f 51:0 :1ill

· e - 8 . C h (d · t h e ,malin!: w I li O d 1 1 l l: e o e . s. I h it o , e a c h l p a i ! t lof s l o . ' l $ ,

y ou ~ ue III n a '. f oo liM l h sh a pe d l b ls cu i: ll rl .e ' b ' i s « I l J i swells 8$

!he g1Uu f :JiE l rl le l lS "nea l ilng aUMrt , . 5eClne' illiJlt.

R itreJ~nce m arks lam ' m e toD i f< !OOa nd :a n iEldJti~bleklKle

'~lI<ltIle yD!!I1i(lI lI lC!!flI t .e1) ' '~te t h e b i$ ll ul t Si~ h I mat lgg ~!!rfaClj:~

MMt~iI: J g ! ~ r.5 I h iN e ! ! 1

t t l f e e . P Q . S i t i o o , l ' I e p t h of , c u t :

~em: t J 1 : l a t ,e ;nabie: s you

lI D cutsJots: ill the Oll:lI'e!Ilt;

Id~ptliJlaoo !e~1 rorslaOOanl·s1_le·

l i' iswJ:t s . Af t. e r CIIH1llg ma fuhl ng s lo t'S : li n Ol e

plelieS'Wk{lin~I"you g h ~ l 1 i h l i : : ~1I_1!!JKlel'!illll'd

·Illllw.its f!rt9 ' t h e ~!It~.

-

I Jlow to reinfon·e a r·jight-anglebuH joint with b~scu~ts

1,. o u t t~. ! los. '.n. llfJI l m . _ ,· t . l . i J efIrn;).. l l n a . ~!Illlpar ts u sin g 3 1 square l (no1 'ewbEithe. r

l f I lU~W m'a!rI!Iing:th~t(l f i l 'Q1 ~01Wm of ttle

Mllililileli:e~ :Set £he II'iiI1tingwlifflpieee illl

r p o s l l i l o n a,gainsli t h e m a l 1 k . .DIilrw'allpt lrpe.1J.

diolll!ltr l~efetreflee iUne IDll b~1 WOI1kpieAS

i~1ad'! ' 1 J . 1 s f i 1 t II'ocoItl'omWilt! tfte wd-

pieces 1 ! l I 3 1 1 ' 1 P l d i t og e th e r a nd s e cu re d r o o

yw~ w o l il s u IT o o e ,. _ NiSal l~ jo iner w " 1 U l 1t l J J e l fe fe re l ice l in~ and < t l ; u I : Ui les lob illl

i lr leOOdilpiere,.2-lth ~b e~'e~ S$l'jI~1 '~ la ~ped

t iote1lher, loot ~ sl~ i b ' 1 ' l J o o ,otln.erworkp:i 'eoe, us j 'ng i fle 1~" ll Ii 'eoce IIlles

hl:iilign t h e , '1JISwii: .~Iner.

3Wl th a ll th e s h tts C lld :" yo olr eready fo r

'. . •. . as s e:mbf }l ; 1 qi pI ,~ gl ue l in ' t h e · 'b:ismitsJots

a oo o n U i I e maHgg $U 1 l i 1 i 8 c e s . I ns e rt aUu~l !J I $Gu ih Into! the Sir. i ls l lI i' l ( l l leW llrkjl l~,

t hen $ I !p the ! r IJ l :t ll 1gMd i lpi :fJce I in to'~~'otl

s o th e patlslluU to _llE r c lM lil}l: a~1i i

the lp,8rtstnge1ljer,. 'Ghed: fursq~a~eaOOla d f u siU f I e : ,G f M ' l P S , a s .~ w · 5q~tI!'i~Upl t I :i .e i o l n t ll .



Dow'e~R,einfor-cedIBuH JointsD o w l i & W joint5 a;t,., 'reinforced,butt joints t b a t t ' l : t e

used f i .>ei juenUy fbr edg glwng and frame bui lding

- -- -€Hpec iaJ]Jy fa i}ef1 . 'a ' ll !l e .~ used in Ci:lib":inet CO:R8U'1lC-

nom.They increase th s~ngth of a ~io:inland,

wl ' len used ' [ :; , l l ' IefuUy~ , ! ;ISb. istin the a lignm en t o fthe m.at-ing workpleees, Today,. th!J)yre ' not used

a s e em -

rm}n]_y,as

in ye~s

past due

to the

, a d J v I M l ' t

of the

bii$cuit

joiner,

A 1 I 1 D D £ n ID C M U . J O IN lr ~n b e · l[!S,8dlto I l ' e l n k i f ' D e bJtt joints l ' itUlII

,amIm'llllng taR· t ,ames o r makJDg m r - - n l t u r e . , T h e dClwe l s S 'b r e_en

th e ,Jlillil, ,and ftelp Y D U I aU g b l 'IIie ~ , F_lb&s t r~sutts , 1 1 I 8 ! C ,I d~1

] 1 1 QI' d(lW it!E,IltDls f o rgu idante , Mien dl l lUingl~ ' dQ 'l \d l hoies.

- ------

How to Imakea dowel joint with iii doweling jig I

1-0'I I I )! 'lilli' U te d :a we l jo in ts , b utt '~ be ' t w o ' mat i '9g pam t u g e 1 f l e r "

ma Il !i ng$ l .I re l hema1 l !! l: l5 I1J lI aoo iS . il I. 8 f lUsh , Mal ik tJ W dil!n'f lltOle

l o o a t i o m . b J Q r a w .lD g . . 5 1 - " , & I e i n e , , a c r o s s lite joint fo r n c b d o w e l ! f o r

'bestresulb, use at 118M ! wo l e v e n l y ~P<Ked d ( l o , W l s a 1 : € ' am J I J t : n t .

3 A f t e r dril l inG: <l'nt~ h~J.e'$,811P6 IIdab o f g lu e [ lIl to ' e am lw l: e. ,

, _ · . A J 1 s O ,app lY ,gUe, hi, the· mdrrg w o o d l SUrmCllSi. S I I I ' k i , 'l~B dOH Is

iJJt(J H i e ho le $ '1 0 I ii8'ke Hie jn ln t .

2-U p t I i I e , _ , L ,d ,O W ' i! li n g

J I l l O!i'tI!i'ea~m a ( l ! l _ g j 9 d g e . A i l g n

lie m ai'lIW lI H ' i e p ' g

I i : O d ' e s p O l l ! d l n g ill· t l D e

diameter o f ttle d IMe I

h O l e with eaml:omF

tU m JIM )'(!U drew o.n

too ~Iea :;. E lir iIlI 8 1

dQwdl l~~e the same

4 1 a l 1 'le ' le r a s th;:

d ' o w e J a t eash mil l1k-

URl a ,dep th ,s lop to

k e e p d i I e l i i ( i J e s of u 1 l 4 : =

fllrm de;pth (mawn .g

'. w I I J suffice iiIr o u dQ ! ' ! t t have 81

IdeptbJ s.tnp c o m l t ) .

4~eMB alii m~,otntll, h'~~!~IO O ,as~bJY toge ,U oorvdtll.PIPfl

cbmps I I J t I ' bar ,~amp! l. ,B e Sure t(j, 1 U $ E l a C l'a mp p"-d ~~'i'I m e' W i l! I. ld . . n d U le d la J l !P ' ja'l'! 'sso,t'he . I a w s i!onllmilr' l l i l e W O O d . [D o oo t

u w e r t ' l g t r l e n l f l! l d ! ! rnp$ .



But-for those who do.n't own a biscuit j(iin~r,

they're : s U n essenfial to woodjO:~l1ery. And un-like bis;cuitst dawels can be added after the

joint i J 5 assembled.

Comme:t'ciial]y pnDduooil doweJmg jigs, liike

the (100 shown be]!ow" ar,a designed .~. makJinghjghly accurate hidden "lIOW'E'J join.ts for f1ciml;Hring

butt jdmm or edgeglulng, Dowell )Jf1. i.nts {mund

metal S-pIlrS that .fit into.a dowelllo1e} can be

used Instead to tr.ansiferthe ' xact location of tbe

dl(jwe~ho1e renterpoi!nt to tb:ematlng wo;rkpwce.

Because arnignluent is SI) hnpOl"tant, use a ·drill

press whenever possible, If\lsing a portable d:ri'll,

fl(Uach aright O S I D g 1 ] e drming guide.

D rough dow e ls

One m u. ·sfmPlesl: ~ to r e 1 n f o r c . 8 a M U jo1nt t } o r

,Imodse-.arl l l l · t ini lDli l , l o i n I ; . f« U l l i mat te ' ) fI,.

: ft m J w g I J duwels;" A . fIJ :, _ j U i ' l n . t ,is a S 5 8 n i i l ~ Dnd U'it

, g jl le has , ~fled,> ~ m p l Y C !1 'r lUl!lW : ell _ 1 1~ 1h ' t l l t e :

J l J l n t , U I I " P g - { 1 1 d r i l l p r i e s s , at ,I p o r i a l J l e d t lU w 4 : t h l a

ttlilling ~ '~ .1hen" , a p J i l I J gtue' to th~ e lild ) o f pieces

Q f fJ~lq and,dIM·dowelsUuo u gh t il e !'loBi, III a

mal let. 'np: 'kw eE th e le ad in g e nd of e ae l'! d~llim

'N iDlI sondpaper. Leave abuull lm 't o :1{4 in. , a ' th e d 'oW e i

IPJOtnldlng past the W I I o d : S u r m c e , ' Hum 't rim ,oH lh e

emls w Hf! '" ' f IUsII·cu_ HW ,o r f i le . . ,San l isnoml l .

1 f Q ' ! a deg l ii lt h 'e e,ffa::t , Choose i1 r_5, m alile ",m a

,ool id: l rast lng:MI$ of! \ I i ' O O 4 .

-----

I WoodJoinery



Dado It R:abbetJ Io: in , ts[)a(Joru:!i!d,,:rabbet joints Me mtedo~kmg join.t.;:;

u se d to r a v ru r] ,e ltyi[ )f w o oow o iJ 'km g~ sk .1 5 . A d I T £ 1 o

is a sqm l l 1 !l l g roove t !h ; a li t' s ,w~~W Oi\lS,tihe gram , 0 1 a

wo :d . ..pieoo; a , n a b b e t ' isa :?Jf tUaJle gf ( ll ( tl1Ve tllilat's eut

a Jr rn g th e OO !g eo f ai , V l r o i l p i , e o a ; ag , roove C ' l : ! . ' &w i : t: h

th e g ra ln in tll,e f ie ld a I'!@ a o f a w ~ l .:p iiG 'c ¢ is c all ed

e i thw'agrooue ora p{() ,ugh. "ByCf1mbiID~ngthese

'Cl~t6you ~n malse several types of inltew. '],ockling

joints, l l](: .lucli~ dado joint 'S., ro,b.betjoints a m : : l

d a d o! r ob be t j'ot;nt~0,00(1' joiimts_ Dadi) joints are used a~mo.st;excl1!1-

s iv ely 00 JO'~:nt]lorizrrnt~l panels owbeards ( l I i l , l l 1 . . a l \ v

: she ruve~)to vertical paIile~so:rboarrls (u:su:alJ,ycab ine t

sides), The ~1~lodkil1Silit, rouf.led witll lie eJ1h:afiJJed

gll .u:ng surfaee, makes the dado joint ~~I!lpt]on,any

strong. They ean be cut with a totrn,."1' . S'tra]gb:~bitand ICtJ!tt:inggu]~.O r o n a tab le sa rw with 8 1 ,standard

b m o . ' e or,,~Gtbers:lill~ a dlad.oblade {Seepage G E l ) .

Rabbet jObll"S. Rabbet joinlts area lJ€tt.a,r

alter~nativero butt jo T hl1 l. ts fu :r b u :m r nn g b ;D~ es a nd

C&~81"€'$ because the j:ointfl pamtia'1l]y in te Jd oo k. YQ u" l!.]

C 'O .m m l)n ly see tT hl€lill,o r v .aria tiou :s of a b a s : i c c rabbet

join.[~ used in beokease ,construcil l :1on:~1)} ~O'nce~ the

ends a o o & l ! g e : s of~h~tmckand t o p panels,

D e p e n d i n , l ; l ' u:r0itl 1 1 L O \ c vh e jorunh;are .ar.tM.g~d. th~.y

c an ! oo j) .o o ~lm o s t ,o f t he ~ n dg r.r un " . C r ..e ,.v .m g

D A D O · & : f , t _ A B B E T J e tN i l'S 1 :n te , r ,lo e k t o ' a d d $1rength a n d l l l n l i f e < l S f P:!~~ rf ao e . il "h e ooa r e many vat la ' il '~ o.the j o i I i . t , . rncludilJ l! the dado

J~nt , l( i l l i l ' lW) . u " e ~ . a : l J l : i e t : ~m : t i I l ' < I g 9 G 5, kip I~ tt) a nd U r ie c omb ln a·

~ i o o l l d i ! o o . \ l r a I ! l h e l . l 1 : H n t (page 1 6 S . • h lp I li gl it ).

recesses f li Tm: -back~aneW s~toJ . lp<3 !ne~:s ' o W ' glass panel

inS€lr:ts are '-t]~omsks that are '~lYmmocl.vafiis:~g!i],ed

to rabb.etjoil'llts. Dsillg a reuter, y,~uc a m . euta rnil)~bet with a . stnrlgnt bit and cutt:illg guide, owyou

C 8Jn c ut ona f : m ' e e h a n d ~y : f o I D 1 o < w : l . n g t h e G d,g e of th~

workp:~ec:ewUh a piloted rnl::lhet bit. Atabl~ ml"iV;

with o r W i t1 fu (J uta dado b ]ad~ ., if: at lofuew option.

DadoJl"abbet joinhi. Dafu¥r~bet joil!Jlts com~

b : k l l G the €! iI lhai IJ icedgi1u lng3iJ : '\ e ia cf'a ta -boot w ith ~he

1nter]<ockh~gC~l~cml" i :s t ies of a dado or g:r ,oove to

mrm jni:n~Bt 1 I 1 : S ! t are very r-esistant wfmluro from

racking or Bih~'aLDado/rabbet joints take hV(lJ

fo:r:ms,d.epetlding on. iliek mtanded pm:po:se. One

- - - ----- - -- - -- - --- - - -

HIOW 10 make dado/rabbet joints- - - - - -- - --

CR lHE I~ ~~ r u : *fI,!!)' J l ! ! 1 ~ i~tiQfl~, I ! . !s ins:a liiir·~IGN~~r

11ii.1:ra ' la ' W e : s a w ' a nd da do -tl t1 d e s e t. measu~~th e ~s a n d l l D s e

t h e m e a : & u r e m e :m . t s llS 3 ! g llid e fm O I l W n a : r a 'b 'b e t .s w I tf ll lIDS th! r t I' H

~i)! i 1 J t o t h l ' l ~5i ( in d ie ,p ho to a h w e , a gU ld e bl od k . J s damped

to i[be l fQu le l t 'base8I1d l 'he I r abbe t cm t Is I lt 'I iIde :wilh : < I I ,s t ra igh t 'bi t) .:l i.'Ia~,u~eH i e !r.!l!beted t!ld~ WllJnot ,extend mme d ila nl m l~ into

1 1 1 : 8 ( i I , u : ! ' o e . d b o ! ! l l ' d L ,

tESl'em'I'IIiIE ~Oi:Nira D I i l i adjust the If! i~55 , of ~he rabbet le!'Ige by

b 1 m r n l n g , I " n e e d e d . A 'J l1 lh 'g 1 u e to b o th s u r l : ! l c e s , ' tbe'JlI ~ 9 m l il e < U l d

! f1 i ! ! !T ! pt ih e j D i n t ;



Wood Joinery

s tY li o fe ~ t! ,1 r e$ a nl.b!}e1twi~l.atengue half the

tMOkn~$$af the wo:rkp~,ecell~1t: fits into a match~ng

dado or g~'oove\.ThwSl j : ( i i m 1 t is used. cO:lllIllonWy to

foo:ten shelves to upright standiaro;s,. such as ll(lok-

cases. 'Th.e ends of tlJi.eshelves ;reooivr. ilt_h:~t'albOO:ts,

wllili]e,t]l)_e:stail1~s~re doooed. t \noih{4:r lees '~OIDl-

SlRNGIlI1 i B , I i I ' A tlP OIm 1M Ci G UIDE ., A rourer gulde Is ~

:t o m a k e ' 8 1 d a d o ' · O I I ' ! I l h M ' m I n <!!m.llgrrt· 'r ,ouIi~rtilt,liI'te~lm

~ 1$ 31~lfij sb'a IGht ~J ,cla,mpedltti b WO I'iI\llJ Ie :lle

U ! t l c o n '~ ( .\ N jU s t :a n e e h , O I' i ' I ,t h . e ~ I:ine.

mlimt ~ 'G U rD E . ~ rotl_gJ!l l i f i r k " ~iii!lnliillt8~bments1M: fit ontothll i I ' , o v t e : r b8$e may'be ,used .IIS a 1 J ; I . o e . S e l e D t. . . .bit 'with O!ildlallleter dequa llto~he ,~ - w 1 d t t I l ' o f tl'te daoo..

M ake m e m m'multlple passes Qf·lnmasi,_g ,dept:tl,.mlM_ll.g

t : I )e, I~ l ef f II I I r i 'ghl.

men mse of'tllii:s jOll1~is mr&ame and. panel ~[lQ~l'&-

the il'3-bhet is cut arosmd.the four edges of tli.J!epanel

and. the dade org"OOV0 if; centered .MOllindilie

:WJ:l:5]dedg€ i J o:ft.b .efram e. The panclw I~bfh .e rab-

~:t ~ ()~ e~ f(:lJro so ut, w l1 ~.cb l ea ve s a d !l:lo ot'ativ ~

~~a~ibetwee:n the frs:me and.the pancl.

Up- limns for cutfllill raibllefs W i t i i a mRte!f

W S E A P U lO ' ! iE fY ~_mi

ElIl to ' lUI ~tS Qfi:

IbIJl,1!!~ Q :f t ameso r o n~ h e Iki.M~

J lf any w:Irkplkes.I

I

I

ml .en I !I roMJnG:~n oot.

~ 'de , ed~, c !a ii ip ~ lJB

I lJ l .Vc I!Sm Ute , ends , 1 1 ' 1

tf Iewll i 'kp.~

USE;4IROUTiR'MllLE

f t l t r "ed W H J j ,i I st~

liili ~D Ciit rlIDtiels Intil

" ,Man : ! ed$.1'OO'11

f,leeltlt(l,a~ aU~i

i i uy fences ·to -~e

mb l e fW i l0 8tQ ~

H L re ~'S fO li t~ e rilIt

~ . : ar ta tb e: rtb tl ih 'il 1 0

l ' I : o f d tihe'WOfN:!lece

secln'~ qaJnst: tile

mn~ ., SU t th e t b itfJ ~ 'lD the I r . a l l i f l e t

dEpth ahlilai!justh

k~" to ' thewfd:th o f ;

~ , c ut. llf id r t I I , i I l

W~I8C8 t l f l 1o t imth l l b i l iw 1 l h ill p U S h bh :d : Q:r-liiol~tI.



A Nme BWE $D' ~n

'be f I ' i O ( ! J r t e d on atabl)l

sa/Hand ,a d ju s ted t o

, g,tt I ! !~oe~ '! w 'M !

7 , \ \ j In ,. w ide. ' 1 I 1 i i er t!I. 3Ile ~ , ( 1In sis t

~f O J lIlal, , o t ' dr' l lfu-, la rb l_ ~ 1ihat

s .u '!d~rJh tuOOlled

I I t h l p l K l i r s . 1 I i I I 1 ! 1 I I P l i l l s ~ k :

$ I I i I I C l e t S ea n I J e I l lMrtfJdi

'to 'Ht!e'~uoot~ wld l ih .

l& i ,- U h e .I !: .': U tI iI . ; 1 I 1 l , ', 'W l d l f l of you r & < I , lf o N a . d e . b y , ' i i , d i i ~ , i ! l I , ~ , l i ! i l ! 1 l i 1 l l , - IS , ! ' I , ,n d

SJli!~l"$b~en me two,lb!,Ia,Ue5. Maul l t : me S i e t QIl'fIXI~t~$a1W , ,~bo!f.Mle_Dllffi l lUllted In a fail le 5BY1;d ..d(t.dbIIiE sets feqj,:iLli"¢1 1

' ! I12M tllfoat plat& ' M " t h <!Il l ,~ a-w I'd e o Pe nin g.

I 2 ' / S e ' t ~i ,~~tJ!! ! l1~I~ttothe

aui~ dado d~~

th:n a . l jg s t M i I ,e

fe nIJ e s o 1 ; h e , rt!I\8Iile

s~t will :stlllil: lItutting

a t 1 ibeshoo lde r of

I 1 ! h I ; i ,IP ~rle d' d \:l. dO .

Maire! ! k ' c S t 'Cl'!l

f ,f ISt. rl ledlngtheg tDd lt hJ l; IL i !l l H l e

b l* $11:IW t);d lI

l P : l e f ! ~ of d o w . n v r . l !' d

,p~essure . ~~e < 'I

I i i U S l i ' I I I ( i C 1 ! when , fO i I l

!Ie.. :!' tile b la d:e .

Measu r, e ' the dado

l [ I ( n l t ' h e ~ I l I 1 i I ' ! P a m : ! 1

adjust , y r l l ! 1 I ~p as

n e~- e d, I nl lhM ' d 'e r

M:oe~ If's a gJll!!d

Id e-a to ma ke B le

cu t In nnd1 i l 1 l l : e ,passes oII lncnaslng

tuttifiIl dep th .

C- H i dbbts "1IlI,·ta. l&r'lesaw,Jill:! I:'a e__ L it __I '_ ' _ _ .

W In A M M ' IB LU If SE T•.A !d ad o b la de 1 ( S & 8 I J I j ! l J t o " ~ . o : p letO ea n tutsml low IIOIbbek in a , s in gle pa ss " H tihe ml be1 is d~ than ~ in.,

OilW .e Wdliiql\~e IS ~p Imalreh l o o t : IIiI Ii1'Itil!i~ple ,pMse5.

Attadh a ~ritftGlal MtloofEl]ee~ilthe Ir ijlreliw."So;ji me k i , l I I l : e

pms lt ilOl !l and cu tt ing OOpt:~.Jilen make • cut. Use II I ltohl.down,

reMtrertll!a!l 'd a»d lP!I5hStldt;to guiliielti~ wp ;Rp~ .

WITH A S imNDAIID

B . U W E . . ~g l ' l I ' i l o o t $

wittll ,a S' ll1nd;rr4. lkerf

s a w ' 'b ladel in ~

,w'Hilnglli le dI~. M I I i

Wi ! e ' s aw se t 1 1 1 1 1 . , IDen

trillUrllng Ole Sfiooldeirs

ill ,II sev . rl lu l a :pera tio IJ I .

When artQfig, be sure

that t fie :w a sr ep 'ie re Is

,fin 1~ s i d e ,01We blade

1!)III l(l:$lte 1! ~ fe nce and

us e ,I! ~etfO·rJear:a:nee

throat I i I l I l t e , , ' TO ImlllIe

1 h il ~ h e~ tIll, s tand

tbe'w~lete l fin-edge

or o&en.dIag3 lnst 'hi

~ ip mm:e . Install O ll taU

; :! !! X il ia l l Y t 'e o o c f O l f

Ira'»lbeti)]g meIe.o f w l d ! J 1 ~leee5 .Set HIe ,~: IMimoe ~i fQm

HIe I rJpFei it :e to 81 e

I!IlldeSO 1 !~ liIlade

,wt3, f l ,gh~:a c t l Ile d J ,e e k

'D U 'H i in J l li M ' " 5 I J t. th e

b18 lk , h e l 'gh t . s o ( O O

teeth J l _ t ! i t Wullt i l1h_t

$hQ(i~f I~ 1100 .

M l ak etl ti & ,o ot : ~ k 1p

I!lI!t00kl;~1,l IJ !! ~ t h~ $iI'!\I'

SfJ1Qp l ind rt'Iatle me

s l' iO li kJ er e u t (bottom

Piotll~,u s lIi g 8 , I Pli si lr i J I D ! : I l i : kllidd Dow n a o o~!t'h e W l'M kJlleee .



Wood Joinery- -

l 11 /i ,G ,V L "MD - 'G nM J IO IN lS ~ ~~ h !g r le d l~ ' C iUW Ilf ! ill , i:e~l(gd :tongO)!!!b

th e ,e dg e I!U e nd 0 11 'n e b oa rd tI!iat O ts IL nW ;iii ~'ej\etli d ad o (IIll'Ow e On~h e

m a ~ l n g wodll'lllPl. By , co e n t e ll D .g i If Ie t o n g l: le , lI D I l If tM l n g i l i lmo a lcentered 1 i I I I . 0 i i

o r 1 ) 0 0 0 0 0 0 , l'f Ie s h o o ' l : C j l ~ : l & ' l I I l l ' I D e 1 lW i .g u e : s I de o f ~ J n e : J O i n t ,(l(Jm:P'lele'lr1 h '1 ~ U N !

sI:~:made by t I' le d a d o IIJf g fQ ~a tea ll.a dw antage for ,(l t in~8Ihiil: .heslot·slde~. tile 1 0 I R t

Tongue & groove jo ints ,Tong tI Je -and~g ;t '( )Ov l' i! j o :m~s , a re a . stnmg,

,ea.sy~I;o~h1! i l ldla ID te rn ab iv e to b1iJtt 01'" 1" 'abbet -

and,.(l :ardo Joint.s. The se c -e rt 't er ed - 'tO '"Qgu e

joints findth.eirwa_r Into a variety of' clliller-.

en . t panel a nd ce rca se :;\llppJications. ' i lOl lgtl . 'e-and-groove jolnbs, ,are ofwn used to fnrm

eal1inet back pf'lDe~8,and the pj:OC(!;Sre

assembledwithoarglue, They are a~souse-fu l Ib r aUgoing ibO'ardis wluan e dg e-.g lp jl! )g a

paael, Cu.tti.ng tongue-and.gruove j:ointsis a .

three-step pl '·ooes.~,Yotil l l trnst cut the groove

<fIrd ad .o a lo :n ,g 't he ,edge~eud or faee of,ooe

workpiece, thel]. maIDretv,T(I :iidentica1l'abbets

along the edge m' end of the matingwn:rrk-

.! pie ce t o : ro n n tbe tengue, It dOe$D't matter

whether you [cut lli-e 8~,O:tf6r,st and shen t he ,

tongue 01" the other way ,i'i/1'ound..

- -

How litomake a fongue-and-greove joint- ~

1U t a

I ~iIl'iil'nl

U te 'ed,~1 o I i '

o ll e m aQ: J; g

hea ,d , IU s lng

i i rdadD~

I U I r Illy !niiilkrnl

.wlUp:le1,U 85~ O IItif

ai si'ngle

bliI!k;,lllte

g)"«IW

s b : J U I d be

one-ihird the

t l ' i h : l m i l lSS of)

tfhe:wo$

,*00.

3

~l i p , th.!!,

wom,

pece and

lliemoM 'llte'

wade on th e

Illbel $ide of

'l'heb1~.

'2 . Qnl~1unwt

Inmln,g: 'Doa~l remuwt i le~ .WQiHI

on,~$I~:e

of HIe tnngue

, j J i l e a , . , A i 1 tra1lbet-

, cu t ti ng r e of t.

nlque,mal'

b e u& edm th

elttler O Il

s.t indaml

r t I I a d e Of ,i I

dN:IoblM<.

4A p I l " J ' w o o D :glue, b 1 1 ~h e.- ~.- . "l liMm Insert 1 ! 1 i e toogue ..1I ' Ie"1 i l f igu l l s l !wld m fu l~ In m e ~ .



CldliliiU~~dov'Stail joints b,y hand

The hand" 'c lJ !l i. dov; et ai i. l i : run t , iBp~hap . . , the

most famous" ,andm.tiimidating, wom:l" ' i fOrking joint.

As , w i tJ lI a ny o l i: h. eww , [ lodwo tk~ng ski.n" mMt~riin,g

tth~ i ( 1 ! mosUya. matter ,0:[ PJ: ';ac;tim~"Btlt wilJ:l these

j~l~.nts.v]!sualiz.:tl.'.iotll also helps ..F()r many first-

t 'WO:GJ's,tlwbfuggGs:t htiIJ:d~~roget .!P'l~t:s simp~

st-udying j;)]]eway dove~Hjoint'3 fit, tnge.thlllir'until

t~.ey make sense,

Dovetail jointtS nlq]llire a fau'SillIM)Unt o :f plar»

rung and. a good runyoutdra.mng ..As Y(MIl '~a:yout the

joirlt,keep a few b~f.licprineiple!'l in :l:nin~::Tl1!e

dovetail join.1thas two pad:s:lthepiin and l!.het:1U-

, m w a . Y ; F ; b e g in m . a kT I :n gdov et aH s by ,c utt in g tlJ .e p in s

firrs~,+~ joint : s h ' t . . " I l , g ~ l I h and ~n:t!llgrity"thtl joint

shoald b~na.nd .;ludwith a llil3~f~pil1!.Th~angle of

the prunshould not 00 SWIa'].)" than 80~ (a ]:6 ratio.of s lop eb op :ro d G P ~llid .Thill .~n-a:iIld-tadI : spa .c ing

cl!oef!ln~t,liBed to ' l: leex :ElJ~t~t :he Ui.1s can be up ~.

1th:tlee~ooes a~ wide as the: pins. In 1 E a C E . , fuep[n

andtaill sizes can. €'!1Ien vary w:iH1in a . joint, wl'!di.ch

ereates an inrePegting looklth~t'g umque to hand-

c ut d !o ve m i[ ;s .

'llD!raw' t he , dOvet a' li Iphl a ng le ,a nd ' lis e lit~,~t 'u'e antle {jft O '!

,sll'dlllg iPb~\lEillthat you can u se to·ma_l'ktbel ! p I n s o. n'018 ! !00s 0 '1 L 1 : ! ep:I'iJ1bOiU& M 'a lQ I .~ 5MI8 d MW l J l .g Q f ",I !i'lMtan 5 l i l ' l ,a rM I u s e I. t to'

~tll sU d in ,g .J .b e ve lf ur ma d ;J ng th e l ayou I: li ne s f ur tile phJs. A

~tam!lIf l1lfI 'JgIe I s 90~, w I l U d i l I etJ!!lI!SiI :1:~SaUb I)f : s t ' Q p e ilo Ipin Uepth .

DOVE,IA IL J Olllrlfli

2 : : ; : : ~ = t :~~~~~~==:;I.

j n l 8 l llayout~kli Ilay o ut U le ~in5 on t l f J .e en d o f tile oolUd · W T t h III lpetlri il

an d t h e · adJ:Us la lJ l~$q~!'e' •.



OPDOH: IU$SI , a f langed do~ lI layoo t ] 1 1 to, I m a m th e d ow l3 ll p in s.

l hese IneJq ! lenSln ! [IHe i W e v k e S ca n lie fou nd In m os t w ood wod Jng

&\O~S an d wal:C®'!.liIJe}1re. 'N'Y 't o I~ anli l ,.:rel!!1" 'onslsten~; t ' eSUUi.

1 I l i t e onl1 l real [ ,dr3wbacl! i :hi t rese· ~igs Is Dlid: DI~rt)· ~t a d j u $ l ! a l i l e "

a nd : d ~iI!i, a re n't a o oe .$ Jile .--fl1 :S :4 1J OM .

, 4 ' , ~~Ilyi~,an.rth!: .Ii~esdr~n'I»l'llKi '~I i~Jo.f . l~tI letwiani[ltI b C ! · t h- ~. ·of l l i l l l !loami Y i f t ih :II tr;~squ,lUe III mmb:lf l8;Uon ·sq1l3I'iI.

'IIlhe!li!! IIIlM ar e }lOlll g uId es ~ , m ak e Sure your ooI:s , a r B stralght.

-----

Wood Joinery

3-N~. mark 'me_~i~l~nUfhl,wiBt ,a_~a~king[~uge..Ns rifle [letsyo u [itlnow [ h o w !deep tD , cu l, so saJ lb e , I t we ll .

5us e iii tenon saw, a lso ~1 I00 la dovetllil $ i !W I i 'to a;di; Hii ' isf!ollfUel'S

'~ ',o f ' I1i.eIPInS.S:plll ' !he IlIlies . . m i l l ' the : s a w , '~tlflng t : t i e , waiS le s ide .

M down it o H i r e s ' c . ri lb e i l [ li li e s , . b ut lila n ot ctlt 'b e low the IIDC$ o .r lh! l

~n ,vi :m l l S h O W wti.en tlw j O : I Ii : [I s a s s e m b l : e d .

'ConUDued next'Di¥ le



'6-&W:I'i!laking ifte unbfllllba~ wU111Idlisel~o Iilre\1ent te.amuf

.. w l!e n Y«I remov ;e Ihe· w. .sW 'U'Q!tnd m e l l Iins. b etllJllrll H I ~1fII(~

~ Ig \~ I!l' i ! ! ! bl(l¢t ! ; 0 ' w ood ~ ex tkl 'th e :s l:li1 be d Ii!!e lind u se

i i t :MII~hise: l gU~.

8Remove 'w as ~lln h al~ th e a re a, tl:ie n fI!p ilhe bo,ua o ve r a nd ~F

' t i ! lue, I r e f f iO ' o l m , G Y I O i < s w ham 1MMIte r s l :de .1 I1 i ie~e~!VI i! " iI~e ~

' If le d l ise l $liio!!ld~aiii! i l twmrd·tI iE leiii!S of 'trle &YI9tl i i ls " l ' iWl1 t ine f la t

face ' tonla~ng f heguide 1 b o a I i t I . Wll: le.n:aU the wa,s,te is l 'erttO'led,

, c l e a n u l il it he I iiU t! l e a r r e M I y Wltl' ll iO ! & n l o !: l1 f !l r n g 1 1 1 1 & .

1 7 . € a re fu ll Jl dm e lb e d ' i i i S e l l'n to H Ie e nd .~ in of · t h e · waste a . r e a

I be~llt i.e IPinsS(l th e waste woodl Wil l breal .I!JI :el lnly at tli!e~1~llcut ",loUgU le baseline.

9-, , ~ ~ e p in s a ! r e . ~ ' l lay:_~ I i ) e t a i lS ~ 1 : a i f J l J ~ t I I e Pin, b O _ i m ! '00_ 0 0 _iL _ of ~ t a l l . bQ~rl! _.fL mi!! ' Idng U l K ! pf n profil~5. U 5 e ,i!

S lliiU ;p P 'iM I l 5 0 1 t i e . ma ii ks [ in& f,~~:~.Also Use ii i Imal ik ing gauge 11.0

wibe al l inei l ' 0 1 1 ' the face ,o f t I 1 i e ma~d , es labl iS ll i tJ : II ; t t L I ! o o H O m line

hili'~. ta l is., M;!jb~!!re .~ P," , b ~I;v !,O Ita illlb !l!u d < Ire trlu~!jt ' H I e

,edges b~ro!i'e ma~g aIiI1ff iark$,



I,0 , ' , I m ~ maie t r t , c u t , ! In s ; 1 , 1 !1 , J U , "' ,r ,os s t Ihee o o ," ~ H I e ! ~iI~,','. "Ils m,g a co:m bitu Ulo!1 s qu are 'I'U UY 5IJ!I;ue. Jhe Gl ih tl in ,g hnes

sho!ll't'l;;lll!,ln ! t r iml the oufiln.e lfilulis hilnscnlJed f roml 1!heIP~bciaftI.

12'".pint:ful! giUlN!P' ,b y

, '~!Mlngwood CE ll l1 5U Je

m : d I f i o~ti lie ; lSSeml i i¥ a n i . 1 l l l i r i l n g

lbe (!jui~ W U I ' I I masI!JJn,g~ape..,

,~gJlle l Q 'dlQ p ins Ol !l ( lI1 !IH l ,

I n5 ldee . tl ( ie s O ' IU ' l e , t a ll~ tJ ! e !l

I' l&semhle the Ioil:1k' l i IMI l loint

! i louid b e . r J G l t l enough th at IH

m!l~1 be tap~1 tD.~Wii !ha

m a lle t. U l! ' ; e ,a M odo! 0 1 ' W L ' l O O

~~!1IIhe, i ! l lO! lIEI andl 'Ib:

~"e to keep ' f tcor nl ,bmaglngDIe ,lID 'h tls,o rU '!e WQ !'k p~ . W s e t

m e . cau l s, fI \l Im l t tI ,e . ( l 1 J ' i ' e 1 3 I 1 [ j o i ! 1 l s

alJIl I ch' l ln,p~beml , fD f if is e f f i n g a l lo w s

1 b ! : , , [ i lk l m , . : ! ci~ lit HiS e L I . t

5 i1gMy d e e p ) , s o the e n d s · o f t il e

IP :~SIpr ,mud lns beyond t he o !l te rsu~ ot tbe~lJboard ,don't :

I i n t e r r e r e 'WimIItiE' e . l a m , p ) . ISand O~

fll'e ~n y l ong 1P :~ iS fl uS :h 'fttdll tile

I "il b oam l W h fle byIiiInlbe

SO !~ ~ fllW (I'own.

-- .

Wood~loinery

11'C l a m p ' tile. b l 8 M inl a ~Se' a ! K Il l u 5 lI a d O \ lE ! ' t < l i l l sail '! ' to makel

the ,cuts t l 'oWI'! w , t h e , KffIbW l iM ' . l iCe~, the w a s t e , f ! t : om l

Iletween HIe lallsw Hih a ~r:p cll isel l" ' d J e S8me ~'you re,mowedUJe

mstefmmlihe pin b:lar&. Make Hie,shullilets ~. me ta 'I ~OOam Iij'

~~lng, a 11ID!lhe iJnIs.t .l~e te , tile ftmlall on ~I end.



CLd:lng finger joiniswith ,a jig'

Finger joInts (aomeUm.escalk.rl o o xjoints) 1y]:I]ically are nUli1Ie 0]1 a table saw

w . i : t f f i J J a . d ad Q> lb lla Jde s etfm d a ilig~M. al iLr i~~

mryboalfrli aercwed or ,cl9.~ed wlll.e lm.ter

gaU l ,gE . \\1f ie :n jomm g parts of equal ili.ick-]1(1jSS" < ' J . f IDg~ joint is 0" good cll ' loi[~!?,ecease

ir s sU!oog wid ef fect ive, lILike a dov~ ;l ;. ;; Ii L , [1e '

Erngm·jcilliftis visibleafter it's ~Bem.IJlec1ha

p~us if you,like to show off yOUl' hand~work

(arid whatwnodwo'rker does~'t?}.Unlite'

(]ove:IlfaH IP~i '! i1 ll " f i!Dge~ jo! in ! t . p i . iI l£ :i 2Ii'(~ s tn igM,

80 if's an ~8Si~ j i c i ! n : t 1 ) 1 ) makethan a deve-tail, :,gJ.though it's not a : f ! strong.

Th'~ accrrrateoo:s:joinm,:lill'strip-

C U . t andeross-eustheparts 1 :0 size. Cut.

~tm::letest slots rul1Lwaste pieoasw]il;h thedado bbne se~and mee!. Ihe~it of an aotual

werkpiees illthe slct. The workpiece shoulld: 6 , 1 ; . snugly mtlilout havingto fPl'fondit in,

F liN G E R J OIIN 1 i

A l . :S O I IlN O W , N IA O S , B O X . lO I N T S , H n g e r joil:tts < ' I : r e : 1 g o o d , cb o lt ef or J :O l ri in gtiro

~~IIlIi!S; mtl~~re i ItM I~meHl 'i ¢Hness" Jibe lmatill.g: boarosin the: ~nt!IIfiE:'

nlemlt .all ~~pt Uiaf l l ie fitl'Wliesal1l o1\ljsetth e U!i~:ess 0 1 ' 000 !!o<kihnn

oo:e o f th e boams.A t a i b I ' e , sawl'rltl! a,iJ I't!e an ~ u ~ fu r w W ng 'fittge r joints .

lI 'otil,canlalw U~I! !feutor , (you ca l' ! h1l ' ,spe;!)lalty fi!l~it-'joint 5 f . i a , p e ! I ' $ J ' ' t i .r~

l radla' l"!1m ~ wI~h ·m e b lade $ P l l U l l ! 1 g 0 1 : 1 1 a ho ri~o .n b l prillne.

'1 'n5ta1i1 a daoo.~blM&e !let .anllHlrnait I~am,~nlyOur~al)le~,SuI,__'he Ciutuml'mlllh I)~ tfIe Ilad(l·~t to eq!!althei!l!ki~ o f t I l Q

~~f pl!!~w b! ! ! C u t . IR<l!I~'i le, 1 Ii ~'e , ~ to (;ul!t!efUllde,ptl! '!If

m e pins. C~qJ' an Ollli~iali j l ' fenceboalilll 'h i ) lOOt hllle 5aW' mi:tEf

g~uge., i Ibe .~ shOuld llill abDlIJt IS i I : 1 " w i ' d e , ~ f 1 C J l a t llea511.8 iin.

iOIQ!.IMakt:;a pass d'dJe .aw:i i rarybnte OYerlihe Ilia&, knl Dut aW ip' ~d fjar~dj i{llJije . & ' I i 3, l~i'I·~tit lu the : s l o t ' , a!Hl.~ It int{lol ihef1joct:Slot.

211les.et theaudlla~ Icnee 1 : 1 ) 1 ' rnoliiing I't a di5bnee equa l to tl'le,

_tNleklless of on e i i i ! ' ! til, the,outSkle,~:ge of lite I l iade set.

IR~ti~p lilT~Jew!:hefence to h' l!!'l:ter ,gl'!!gt..



3WIIII '11Ki pi n S I I Q . " ! i1ef I inseded 1 1 ' 1 1 the f ence s lot ,aDd n J e fe n~ e In-

, Ipo5W o:n, bu tt ~ fl_ w orl!ple oe a ga in si:U tu M p an d mllke the

11m!:pa5'l l . You can l I. ol d th e~ r.kpill~ In plaee by IM n d ,or o r a m p l D i:

to makek CIlt.Mel the l wo !&p le e e a n d f enCeI t iea tthe blade . $h:Jt

,of f ·the saw aJM!lbadih 'WOIfql1ete off.

510 , . : ; -u t die joIli'ls i j n U t e m a H " tl : bDams,1' it 1tte i a 5 : l . ookl'!}\O:u ,~ut

In tflelmt 1P'1e<l!l_ t i le, P f 1 \ , r l h e J l bl!~Ule matifig pi:ece

* i n : s t ' the Jet I P l e c e , llil1liiltillg i : l i , o n e '" l l 1 o tc h o H s e t IM a lr e , d ie H I ' S ! :

lpa5fi '011 'm e m i l t i n g p,i~~. N ow I l " e m o v e the f i r5i piece , butt ' ! h e mW h

lin ' t h e , I~ilii.g piece, a:.$IllI5Uhe pin : : m i l Inml!:el:he !Second ~!iis.,

Con tin ue umila 'il O le J ;oL ntsa re v ut ~ n o ne e nd , H le n ifi~pU le l loard, e R i :M o r 'e n d a n d repeat.

---- -

n'ood JoiUf3:ry- ---

it ~IIO$lUOr!lth e w o rl ! ip ie c : e ~ ' placing lbeslot you J u s t : ' E t J i O¥er

" I'the pin $ , p a c f l " m e n ma'ire m e nB t ~ ut 'C om ii_ oo ~,\ ' i l , 8IIs, m010nl; !r

u lt ll il a ll B l e , Jolnb In tha t 1 l000~dare tlJl, F l J ' p t b e , l ooar,deM~r~! ! t '1 :d

and cutlhe f ingers , o l l l l ! h e 'Dtflef end o f the bOard the s a . . m e l way.

6 ¥ h e r I ' , 8 1 1 1 t ! J I eJo:tl$ a re ~it, ~ I " l lcesa~e r e H d .~ f o r a s s e m ll l , , . .

GJue 'die "_lithiint' l , c l a m p , Wlemklgetl1ermO! ' w o o d cauls ,~t

rl ' lIIml tllel,JI;It!lU to . allow the ,1~ln tsb l ,dOOe.



I !U I M f l A .n S . E .M e . :E ! .I O N is '0.00 ,of the, s i! q: ll :e s l a nd s tr ongest W l l O O ]i!liPls, In

,oo.mprised 01 al l f ial1~ iM' tenon eanied] In H Ie en d 01''000 m o r t I n g ~ m o o . w l l le l ' ! 1f1b· ln lo < 1 1l!ll!lrtlSQ hO!e III t I l e l !:l~!'!Qr !Mt!i t lg W 1JIkpi~e .Th e joint ean s i~¥ ~

glued, , 0 r l 'O l ! e a n ~ In f u !m e ' ilwi th d ! l Y r e l s , O l i"wei l~s.

,Making ~tenon ,jo:ints

Tbe m~;s~·,",rnlE1.-'t~o:njoin.t r u s : one of

the s~nges,t jO!1:f~ttypes folt one sIillple

:r~(i[)fi: the~-tm.e:r {tbe tenon) is &cttlEJly'

panofU:'IeW()l:kpiece, In arl.ditiO!i1 to i I l i c i I r n :

g :b :ea t s t J[en:g th . •m,QJ ; t~s ,e , .and~ tenQnoi .~1b$a re excep ti oi !" ll .a ] .~y ' v e : r n a L i I ; H . e · . Beeaase yQ 'u

!Cu.tt-he pat1l8 of the j o : m . t youmel~ ~youean

give them jll!lsifr.about any £' i .~~ or ,con.f l igu.-

ration you want, YOiIJi. esmalao rsinforee

tihem m a n y of a unmOOr of ways Of you

want W reinforee them}. 1 1 1 l r O u . : , g n Q l j : ! , t i I : . h l : e

book, yuu"Ufind ] . l ] 1 J a n y variations Q f the

basic mertise-and-tenen joint.

C~ing mortises

When making a :m.oot i .ae-and-WJl!QI lLjo in t~ U 's beg !; to begin. b iYeuU! i !m lg the

mertisas flirst {afifr.erl1le wO[?iltpreoei'1l31ie

c u t t o si.z.et M n g E i1 n e ( l" a I !~ it 'is m u d l h . easier to

cut the tenon porrnon tont the mortise-«

the T<.U!ge {lfthiru(Js'Se:5 m ' [ ' cu:~tin:gmer-t ises is limii.tedby t ihe th i ck r J it ;f lS ,m th.e

wo:rkpieC€c ood the diametees of the, dil ' iU

'b i ib, or roulrer bits in :y 'OUJ:" sh lJp. .

'TIl€:ml)~t(lOOlmoo metbod : ! b r roWng

rnertises is to use a c ' 1 ! r i l l or d r i 1 1 press to

.:remavemost of the wmte in the mortise,lli~ s qu are eh e e dg :e s" iV iH 1 Ia wood cl : t i£et

F I i T m : lshallow IDm'!tiI!BS,. ftowever;.you. can

also 'use 3. rooter and ~glfut nit (a pllllo,ge

routClfis~;hebetle:r eheiee 6)rlJlis cut). If

you I€l~p€d to do a . l ot ·of·m o rtis in g, lo ok

mw]}u¥iit1;g a ITlirJrti8illg' a t : t 8 J c . h m e r o t for

yotlrdril1press,'1I"h.'ese .;3!iI)talcl1m>€!n1;s fe.aJtu~e

b U : . : r . y p ( : : CIltters T h l o 1 l : l s e d i n a ~ T h l : 3 J " ' P e : t l e n ]

sleeve t11at ad: - I l amy perfrn:mg II . chiflelblg

:action 8 l E ! :you lower th e gp.mnm,g hii.tinto

tl lJew,oI'·~iPLcoel"In. g;e.n~:ll~ ,100 Clloil:l.'iI;;l,'Illlt to eut a

.marfuJ!s.e t i l l a : l : ' : s mJ:We th an lli :Ia lf ~h e thi~lmt,~,

of the w O l r . k p m l I D o e . There should be at least

3 t8 1I1.. of wood I:i€l;.WB€!ll t l -JJeedges of the

mortiseend the edge ·oftfu.eworkpiece

(e:x'Cept f Or H ] :Q j [t is e . sl ~h a t b e t , " : i . n a t t!I1eb@p

(11 : ' botwm of a WUI'kpiooe) . .

The!be'St wi:'i£.y~.() bJlEltootlsisl:e~t m01:'tises

isbo pru '~ · e < l c l ' l step i D l l the 'Operat ion. ()J],

<:liUwQrkpfu.eces befQre cl~~gil1g the tool set-

up" And. aSMlth mru:;l~ii~tyO'per<'.l,!tioo;sj'.mab a test pece and clheck accu.~acy and

dimensiOHsbefure 'cutting actual woikpi . ecea ,



Wood Joiner)'

'r,

, : . r'f.. . . ,

ll i your drill~ , Ilist1 i'1 ialrrlidllOlnt bit 01 IFoIr$lner.bI.h".'ltl' l. a.

diameter et:Iua'I'~D ·~.heplanned ibid!ne.ss. of · t i b e m oitis e.Se t tl'ie

d 'e p tl l s to ;p IQJI t he I !' lI iI II ~8 til eQ,ual the d :e pt h o f 1 ih e m otr U se l

Allgn:b b lh l l i lb t ihe' i ! l ¥ O O t ! 1I1H lSa t o ne 'e nd ,o f U1e mo : ! i I : i ' 8 I I i l \ , T u 'b!l\P

d ie b it , 8 l i g n e ( l l H l r GQ l ! I K ! t l t , OI ii rnpa f tl fl ;f ;e t o t he d ! il ! ~!> . [;Jbi!;!

be ll il ld l t he , wo li l! q: if e te . D lu e 0 1 1 ,9 Ihole, a t a O m e . '0 1 1 . e O Il h o i ' e i5

b O l l ii d , move ti fi e wad ti pl e tr eso ,tI 'I e nu t bO le w il l be l n~ h, 'O f

sUgbIi:yOVJ;Iii~IIig.'be tim h O l e . i O o n I L n u e , tllililng u n ll l Y O U Ireaehl

H ie olb er end l o f the ouillne. ,Clampl'he, WlJlltplece 'l om e dill! pre&5,

t ab le b ef om d ll ll ll ng ead! h!lle.

2Use 5h .8Jp '~ ], c I! Is e l :; to'lf .ernt: l\ !8 ' the I I "e r n a i l i n g w a 5 m wood- . - - , . . . - - - - - ' . a \ f m r ~ n t i i u , - . . . ' . t

1 1 I t I . c ' I e1e< ! n the 1!1QnI5e1 w alls. 1 b ,_ . , . _ _~ _ _:n g . _ _'J J w oo d, ~ .

w i ll i a 1 i0 1 ln :D Wd h i5 e J l, ~ ua lm th e w 1 i : l t l' l l 0 1 1 t h e m t I I1 1 t Is . e , a l: 'l d S91! 'af8

tllle e n d o~ 'U le I IlO fU : se . I !! eepb ' J 1 1 e i t face of 1IIe cl'lis:itl , aga1mt the l

rnort i ise, w- ! lI I , li S , YCK lI vro:rk,1IiIE1i I Us e ' , 8 'w ider , tb i i5 l e l ~ , e1ean OUil:Uie

I ~ e n g . t hof tillel lm!uli5e. tetl:!hel d l l s . e J ent.DIe, m or tis e, a t a ll a n g i e ,

t o · h e lp , ~ll.u oonlin ll l the, Illll\ paling . ! I M ' . 8 ' j the W3SI.e a s , Y O U I wuJit

IFinisil the 1M by mI~(Jng . 5 b ' a J 1 § h t UP and dOwn to , d!3oo, t he , wa l ls

a il the way to ' U ' ! e m P r 1 iI 5Q f iI iI K J f, o r b o ! ; t g m . l i 1 ! r S ! lJ u a ! 1 !! 'f ie h ! !n s , S Q p a r e

of f the e : 1H I 5 ,o f t i h e , I imrY5es mth a ,cI!l~ l. Som e ~~ Ipre fe r

to round·DeI i Ih i i ends I lI 'U ie ienons to , f U 'th e ~ .

1il y o u t; a n l IuHlnebr h i m or'U le Q n U !e mu r k ·

[ p i e c e u Sin g a pe nd l] ,a nd com b ln aticn sq~'ar.e~ If

¥ W I I n ~ to m !l l t l l , rnull lP.e rmor' llses, 'U'ltl same w 1 : d 1 t ! 1

..,d In~n~lllIInl',us e al madill", ,gauge.

2...nl~lI r plun.1t!I IIliIUia,~il5~~~ mtght b ih 'ifllfl ~ 1!I ! lIm:dH ~y"l ' lXi the vddI ih

. . ,o i'ltte Imllr ' IJ~. ' f f i! ! m p , a skJt ) i r~guil1e' to , HE, lroulfflr II"'~ $lO ' I f i . e l bit:aligns

' w M I l Hie! mor li l5e 'out llne. S e t ; ' M J e ,cDtUng t l e : p U l to th el ~ nEttie l rt lor fi511.w m .U1eMi f1Wieoo SlII iU re~ l . p1 l Iige lhe lilt inki' die, wood IUld makel the f t' iO f ll i 5 e ' ~



C~Hi'Rg 'tenons wi;llh atehOni,Rg: jlil:Tile safegt w ay to outtenons on a table saw u s

wIDth at t en o ,n iI 'l ,g j ~g " Variatioill:6 Oifi tlt.e ]iJg abound.

Sa-me slide aJ:n!l1gbt'l to~ {lIthe sawtreillce Ol'

stm i11rlle U w hH e o thers Th la lv eHba.r~hHt. :f1itl : ; into

the miter sfuL Butl1l,€ guiding principle &hlf(l!]dbefhe S ;8 lme [ " . ) : 1 ' omy~ig;a safe t enon ing jig :shOllW

suppo r t ~ ;h e wgrk~ece o t.!lo n,e fa ee a nd f'rn lo m

behind" and a6t as acra" ,d l t to ,keep the workpieceS € C U ! i I :'e a s it p a s s e s ~lri 'Omgl:i t m H ' ! s a w blade, ]In

aillmUon" tille Jig sl'lomdi[prQvide a msanste clamp

6\e workpiece so it resists the tenc1 ie I l ,ey1 ;0lIide up

'O ver the lnbde ~ ' w an [!e i[ a~v .aL Y'ro m t l l h e fence,

C~8Cmph'n;gbecomes more erueiel tJ~ e !Ilonger a rotUiGri

get9;hSC8JIJJ .Sem,ore I i lwck isbelo;g lI1 BU ID Ve d illl a ! 'O ]n g~ e

~j c : r. e~U [ ll gg ;I 'e !BJ lt e r l !1eH1S tanoe on t thB b ~ < ' l J d > e "

The jig we show hereean be rn:;lJdefi"-omtwopieces of s~,r.ap stock: serewed t o g - e l h, e m ' O O I ." t aright

a ng le , It .rid es 0 1 1 1 ' tcrp ofth,e s< )w fen , l ' l e , wl'lJicll :al lows.

y o u 0 0 k e e p y o ~ htu];ds 3l t a sate d i s ~ ; S ! ! I l e e ! l t o J l 1 l 1 J . 1 E !

bladeandalso pwvides!'IddJiiiom!JI vertical sUPJ lo r t

: f : 0 1 : ' tall worl'kpieces auriha:s tab~.e a.prons or faee

~r81meaWe s.. . A eontoured h {in d~ e l its etl! tat th e ~ ea ll"

o f tlh e j~g oorbebrer griJlPll i :g.

T~nl ;n i lng j ;ig('lor U S E f W i i l 1 l l fabl.e s aw )

llIi 'stanJ)t: equalsl iI: ejgM(J ;f ~

l ienee

O\!lel'alSizei1:2. in ., x 12 in.

Base

IIi'ides

~I $3iW

laMe

l

:ake t il e· e b e ek Wls first (pamil:el to , the ·woodgJra 'inf . '~mpl

tf:i~ W4J ll Iq Ji ec ew n il : j ig50 1 f . 5 . snug aga ll l5 t ' lhe face , 0 : 1 ' Hlinem"~,11~qp'( I ! ! l' i : <' Ind 1 : i l ~ f root~~ ,o f t h !! ll h gm l9nt ld sop ,pg Ii it " _ngm l l! t

'o! '!1ihe . s a w · t a b 'I Q . . S e t : 'bl s a w · foolle :s ob d l$l.a tl:o eto ~be 'O J I p o r . 1 t e :

f~ 'uf ' I ! h e b l ~ l l UlJ!!t!ls,IhB O I J : r1 ( M 1 1 n t ,(I f wa~ Ming l r em~\ :m d

r a I I $ e 1 the tJi'ade IQ , equillthede;ptf!1 Q f the W!KIf1I, m e s t UKI J tl on th e,

fe~ a m ! ! 1 feed . t I ' !Q worqi~, tInIUgh the, Ib ladeio m a 'k e ~ r i u t ,

Fiip' the'MIIk;p:iece,. h l e1 ia rnp\a ni l make · d J e , cheekC IJ t on the otlK!l!'

f~ (~(11 reen teredreoot l s l .Alnays, rn>1i!€mS on 81test pi:erel f i l r s 1 ,

,m d , chOOk '1 iI~ , d lm.e~QI '1s f .ol f : : :W:aJlI ' ;IC)' ;

T~is show-made teno:n:iJngjig ,rides 011 the saw

f en ce " g !.v :'m g s up p or t to wQ ; f ,i tp ~ e ce s s e t on-end as

flle y IR 1 .'lBfh :ro ug n th e b hi!.d e. 1b ,€ v,e riica J m em -

hell' extends down to th e :s aw t a b1 lie aad seiI:'vesto square the workpiece 00 the blade Md to

8 L J l P } J O W i f r . it fromthe rea]!', lViii, very

importentthat, the distanee from

the bot~om.o f fh~ horizonb]

memb e r to th e bobtom o .f r l :he

wrlical. memberbe~adlliy

the same as t 1 h ~ hrught (Ityom labile saw f'efloe~

IBfilbmlI of Ihorizontal Imember

Irides en saw fence



2·O r notched 'W!KIf!!> ' ! ! h a t

. . do l ' l' t ron the, f u J I I W k l t t! i ~of

the ~iece', make iultli.llo:nall

d ' i e e 1 i : , e L I , t : ; 0 1 1 1 the shotrt 'edgi;I$

of IIH M 1 d pi~ e. 'Q ia m p t tu ,'

w o l i k li lJ ! u ; ~ 1 at a I l i ,ght O I n g h , to

the jig. ' f I 'I lhthe e dg e H at

ag :a lm: t t I1e f1o !! lm! l~ i me l l 'lbe r

a nl lth e '~ 'a e eo f th e 'WQ~ ' eo e

1 l reS '~~ ~ga l !l 5 ii t f! e trgnt ~'ge

gf 'Ijbe ~1Iii~lllntember. Reset

tIKI s a w ren~ [t'd]e am ou nt ,of

~bt1I 'ng n! l1 IO\ I l!d Is differ-

m1~!"!ru~ ~ ftn;1 ~~kwts. tl\lk!b ~- : : re t fJa~ ~Ing'

t h t he i. tI 5eWfe :i ¥ I I' ! t P' IaQ ,i tPd

piile t !he J igandwot 'k ,P~

t l ' iIIlllJgh the b l la d e. FU 'p a nd

iredam ptl' leW C!lik:plete totllt

Ille other ~hoIr t c.l' lee'lt,

_. - ----- ---------

Wood Joi',,,ery

3M)lket:he Shoulder ~m_ (a :CUss tI l.e ,~ in o~the,

m ' l f - I I ! p i e o o ' ~ IU~og a m i:te r (jau{te

as a g ( l ! I I ! I ' e I . FQ r 5labili.'Il'; w e

a~!'!~i!!! a!!~!lla!i) '~

fet1iCleki H I e , lm i : tgr~ge. , Also

~Wr ip ! al5liop t b : i o d i : 'to, t h e! t a bl e

gw.r f e O O l : ! f f i ~ I!l.,.~'~, 1m ~!i~

m m . t pldeand to kee,p ·tfIe

w o ~ p l e l l i l' f romli t l l l iml : a , g a i n 5 J i

thefooooa! lda lbw~ the w a s r eto Ja'll ,awa,)1 fml'L)I' r . d ! h e ! f than

get t iM rmllpeCi ~ntM'

fel*!!. Ad . l u s l i tt!ef,mce 5 O l ih e '

wo~r.eoe, w f r i ; , , " bu ~ ~!~

t he b i( l! C )k ,u ; 1 i1 IS l M e , f o i iw a rd ' o ii

the rnlm gaPgil am i medi 'd ie

tDilu:!l'e,al!; m e · bHI l l ! ofb U IIDI'I

¢~ RaiMIb, hia. : tea~

the ta ll Ie l l ig1!e!' tQi l ilb to ,(iU~

h8houldel1S1 ' I i I ! h o o t : s . c o r I n g

t h e' tmon . ' C U ~ :HleslictJfd'e:rs 00

~.Ch beE,lt!~!l f e5 et t he l t bl ad e

beI'gttt I ~' I :1 .H ti s. u ,} "andt , cu t

:;houliL~l' : i.01 1 U'!$e! ld5 ,o f tI1e

tenl:lti,



Pinning mort lse.Md·, i lenonjoints

M orti :! ie-a_nd·b;m.ol l l joints ar e

i rnher len.t ly strung,. bu.1 f u ' l " a liWe

ext.ra .teiil t tol 'OE!menr.tt!h.ey can be

pinned withthrough dowellE..Apinned mooc ltm e -a nd -te non. jO :U 'It ~s

id001 fQJY b ig h-s w e.s s J ,o jo ts , l~ lre

th os~ fu un d w h ere v ·eJI 'illi,caJ..U I t 1

mrn::i2lon:lalwlIl i l i l l l1'1e memb~s~re

joined ..

T'he.r ,~ are two ~ b9_ $ l! e~U ! !o d s f or

I O O f ~ S : l ;l '; J j ,l ( ,. . t- r u n g : a . p i i I 1 J : n e d (som.el1mes

wlledpeggtd) morttse-and-tenen

joint. O n e is w bore :@ I D : u o : t e t h I " O U I ; g h

th e 1 Je Jlo n ;lIJ]daI1:oth~ Ur ! 'Oug~ the

mQl·jj~ OOlm:ethe joint is · f! j8 :s em -b J O O . 1fyou oilfsetllh€::J€ holes

s l l : g T I t rU y , . the jU111t voillbe dra:wD

together ti:gl"rtb'whentbe dlOm] ~s·

dlriven woo,gh ] : 1 ; . . A more ~mOi[![

method is simply to dlrID a dewel

b o ll e t h I ; o in g h t~lejm.!Ilt f ' t i e 1 " T I i . t : r u s .

gl~eda:l1d assembled, as ru1iOWD

heee, Tillis tYiPB of pi.m rin g d oe &_l1 I.~ t

~"Q1lt:ti]yutegreatJyto tlhe stnm:gth

o f U l ! ej omnL ,b u t it does p rev ide a

vnluab~eback~upin the ·ev'~-ntthatthe·glue jornt fails.

The expcsed ends o f dowels I Im'D-

rid e, a t r i c e deco r aUve d e t a I . : i I , . egpe. -

ciilly when tt.ey're (miented so tlhe

graitrl M ' 1 b I 1 ' n S in.~e Of~iPogited.irection

oftheboaro t T h l e dowel is set into.

1JJt :Q1elmfi~;lndtenolis,l:I!lm ~1!1£~OO Idampthe JOIIilIld t fJ e g J ue s d I II, P,

. U leDI ; ty o ! ;i t m e r :o ~ :o n o~ !d 1 ep lm .w 1U ! ill ~ooi l ~ t id e i ;nm l li ;I liO Ii S!i!lare. '~id;

Iw!!.l t w o · 18VerI!¥ S(la.QI!IdIIPI!lSif each joint . ! 't1 l1 l !! lng~re , t Ile l gUide holes o w e , allfJast"

i l: 1" h ll rn me l ed lWS of the bPards.

3 t E ! " t J i 8 ! .

Pilad mor l i s e , i i l n d t e m : o n loint 1 1 1 \ u s ~ r a H o , n

' r !/

Woodworking - The Complete Step-By-Step Guide to Skills, Techniques and 41 Projects - By Tom...

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Transcript of Woodworking - The Complete Step-By-Step Guide to Skills, Techniques and 41 Projects - By Tom...