Women Out of the Spot

8/2/2019 Women Out of the Spot

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WOMEN OUT OF THE

SPOT

Marginalized Women in Egypt


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The International Red Cross

Movement is an international

humanitarian movement withapproximately 97 million

volunteers, members and staff

worldwide which was founded

to protect human life and

health, to ensure respect for allhuman beings, and to prevent

and alleviate human suffering,

without any discrimination

based on nationality, race, sex,

religious beliefs, class or

political opinions.


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Mother's Day is a

celebration honoring

mothers and celebrating

motherhood, maternal

bonds, and the influence ofmothers in society. It is

celebrated on various days

in many parts of the world,

yet most commonly inMarch, April, or May.


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The earliest appearance of womanin public life in Egypt goes back to

the Pharaonic era, where she

enjoyed an equal status with man

and engaged in politics

and government. QueenHatshepsut reigned from 1479 to

1457 B.C. She played an effective

historical role in enhancing State

structure in the realms of religion,

trade and domestic and foreignpolicy. The same course was

pursued by Nefertiti and Cleopatra

in later eras.


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In modern Egypt , however,there are no queens anymore.

But still, there are women who

are not just mothers but they are

also wives, sisters anddaughters. Christianity and

Islam have guaranteed them

rights, entrusted some duties

and considered them partners of

men


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In the Book of Genesis chap.2: vs.

21-24,for example, is So the Lord

God caused the man to fall into a

deep sleep; while he was sleeping,

he took one of the man's ribs and

closed up the place with flesh. Then

the Lord God made a woman from

the rib he had taken out of the man,

and he brought her to the man. The

man said, "This is now bone of my

bones and flesh of my flesh; she

shall be called 'woman' for she was

taken out of man." For this reason a

man will leave his father and mother

and be united to his wife, and theywill become one flesh.

On the other hand, our Prophet

Mohamed said in the Last Sermon

O People, it is true that you havecertain rights with regard to your

women, but they also have rights

over you. Remember that you have

taken them as your wives only

under Allahs trust and with Hispermission. If they abide by your

right then to them belongs the right

to be fed and clothed in kindness.

Do treat your women well and be

kind to them for they are your

partners and committed helpers.


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Despite that fact, there is still some women who aredeprived from even their own simplest right to live a

safety life. Some of those are the victims of violence.

Violence is any unlawful use of force or any act that

hurts physically or emotionally. This violence, if

directed towards women, takes different forms such

as domestic violence, early marriage and inheritance

deprivation


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Violence against women is themost widespread, yet the least

recognized human rights abuse in

the world. It denies women

equality, security, dignity, self-

worth and their right to enjoy basic

freedoms. By domestic violencewe mean when an intimate partner

or family member tries to control

you or abuses you. Abuse can be

physical, social, economical, or

psychological. Physical abuse is

when a partner or family memberbeats or hurts you.


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Many men use abusewomen to control anddominate them becausethey believe their masculineidentity depends on this

image. In some cultures, asin Egypt, societies approveof the 'disciplining' of wivesand the majority of thepopulation usually ignoreincidents of domesticviolence


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MEN EXPLAIN THEMSELVES BY STATING THAT THEIR VIOLENCE IS

MOTIVATED BY LOVE AND CARE AND THE FEELING THAT THE MAN

MUST PROTECT THE WOMAN OF DOING SOMETHING WRONG. THIS IS

ONE ASPECT OF A PATRIARCHAL SOCIETY. WOMEN IN RETURN, BEATTHEIR CHILDREN MOST OF THE TIME UNDER THE FALSE PRETENCE OF

DISCIPLINE .


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Early marriage is also

another form of violence

against women. It is any

marriage carried out below the

age of 18 years, before the girlis physically, physiologically,

and psychologically ready to

shoulder the responsibilities of

marriage and childbearing.


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Early marriage is characteristicof rural communities, Upper

Egypt and the Nubba. 36% of

married women in rural families

married under the age of 16,

where this percentage falls to1.9% in urban areas. The

Egyptian population census data

mentioned that 11% of females

between 16 and 19 years old are

currently married or have beenpreviously married.


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lower-class families,especially in Upper-Egypt,

have tended to withdraw

females from school as they

reached puberty to minimizetheir interaction with males.

Lower-class men frequently

preferred marriage to women

who had been secluded rather

than to those who had worked

or attended secondary school


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HARMFUL CONSEQUENCES OF EARLY

MARRIAGE

Increase in divorce rates because incompatibility between the couple.

Depriving the little girls from their right to choose their husband.

Forcing young girls to undertake social responsibilities before they attain maturity.

Health problems resulting from repeated pregnancies and birth-giving.

Increasing the birth-giving duration of women which results in health deterioration of women

and of children.

Negative impacts on newborns health since it is linked to mothers' maturity and experience.

Deformation of mother's genitalia.

Newborn deaths.

Mothers' deaths.

Deterioration of mother's psychological status.

Increase in schools dropout rates because girls leave the education system to marry. Increase in rates of young widows (economic burden on young women usually with no

education and no income and having to raise up children).

Ill treatment of women and young girls and violation of their human rights.


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EXISTING LEGAL PROTECTION:

Egyptian law:

According to Article 227 of the Penal Code no marriage contract may be documented to those

who have not reached the legal age of 18, for both sexes, with no prejudice to any criminal

penalty provided by another law shall be punished by disciplinary for anyone who

documented marriage in contravention of the provisions of this Article, the notary whocontravenes this requirement, as well as holding him accountable for disciplinary reasons,

and shall be punished by imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years and a fine not

exceeding 500 pounds,.

Yet 18,2% of women in Egypt have married for the first time under the age of 16 years old,

mostly in rural areas where girls are perceived as a social and economic burden. Recently, thePeople's Assembly voted child law number 126 for the year 2008. The law defined the

minimum age for marriage at 18 years (Years of Western calendar). Medical check up for

(diseases that affect the health of the married couple) before registration of marriage contract

is obligatory.


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The third form of violence againstwomen of Egypt is deprivation from

inheritance.

This was not the case in ancient

Egypt


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Looking back to women of ancient Egypt,

we find that legally, a woman shared the

same rights and status as a man atleast, theoretically. An Egyptian woman

was entitled to her own private property,

which could include land, livestock, slaves

and servants, etc. She had the right to

inherit whatever anyone bequeathed to

her, as well as bequeathing herbelongings to others. She could divorce

her husband (upon which all possessions

belonging to her including the dowry

were reverted to her sole ownership), and

sue in court
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowry


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But this is not the case in modern Egypt. While inheritance andproperty must have a named owner, tradition, especially in

Upper Egypt, assumes it would be managed by the bloodline

patriarch and used for the benefit of the entire family. The father

or brother is put in charge and is responsible for taking care of

family finances, and hence all family property remains in male

hands. The belief is that when women inherit, property intended

for the support of one family may end up in the hands of

another. This custom is thus depriving women from their right to

own or manage any financial or land inheritance.


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The previously mentioned forms of violence againstwomen of Egypt are not the only ones as there are still

many other types which we didnt refer to. We choose

those, because we believe that those forms need urgent

solutions. For that reason, We ask and we are sure that

as the International Red Cross and Red Crescent have

supported many cases in this world , that they will help our

women to live with dignity and freedom away of any sort of

threat. And that they will support our cause and covey our

sound to the whole world


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REFERENCES:http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Red_Cross_a

nd_Red_Crescent_Movement

http://pambazuka.org/en/category/wgender/65797

http://www.egyptindependent.com/node/499745

http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2008/909/eg5.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Egypt

http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Story.aspx?sid=2248

http://www.google.com.eg/imgres?imgurl=http://www.toureg

ypt.net/images/touregypt/bride5.jpg&imgrefurl=http://tourism

inegypty.blogspot.com
http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movementhttp://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movementhttp://pambazuka.org/en/category/wgender/65797http://www.egyptindependent.com/node/499745http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2008/909/eg5.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Egypthttp://www.google.com.eg/imgres?imgurl=http://www.touregypt.net/images/touregypt/bride5.jpg&imgrefurl=http://tourisminegypty.blogspot.comhttp://www.google.com.eg/imgres?imgurl=http://www.touregypt.net/images/touregypt/bride5.jpg&imgrefurl=http://tourisminegypty.blogspot.comhttp://www.google.com.eg/imgres?imgurl=http://www.touregypt.net/images/touregypt/bride5.jpg&imgrefurl=http://tourisminegypty.blogspot.comhttp://www.google.com.eg/imgres?imgurl=http://www.touregypt.net/images/touregypt/bride5.jpg&imgrefurl=http://tourisminegypty.blogspot.comhttp://www.google.com.eg/imgres?imgurl=http://www.touregypt.net/images/touregypt/bride5.jpg&imgrefurl=http://tourisminegypty.blogspot.comhttp://www.google.com.eg/imgres?imgurl=http://www.touregypt.net/images/touregypt/bride5.jpg&imgrefurl=http://tourisminegypty.blogspot.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Egypthttp://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2008/909/eg5.htmhttp://www.egyptindependent.com/node/499745http://pambazuka.org/en/category/wgender/65797http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movementhttp://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement

Women Out of the Spot

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