WOMEN WOMEN & &

EQUALITYEQUALITYCHAPTER 31, SECTION 2CHAPTER 31, SECTION 2

SECTION 2 QUIZSECTION 2 QUIZ 1. ___was the belief that women should have 1. ___was the belief that women should have

economic, political, & social equality with men.economic, political, & social equality with men. 2. The 1961 Presidential Commission on the Status of 2. The 1961 Presidential Commission on the Status of

Women was created by which President?Women was created by which President? 3. ___is discrimination against women.3. ___is discrimination against women. 4. In 1963,___wrote a book called the 4. In 1963,___wrote a book called the Feminine Feminine

MystiqueMystique.. 5. N.O.W. is an acronym for…5. N.O.W. is an acronym for… 6. In 1971, journalist ___ helped found the National 6. In 1971, journalist ___ helped found the National

Women’s Political Caucus.Women’s Political Caucus. 7. ___ was the 1973 Supreme Court case that legalized 7. ___ was the 1973 Supreme Court case that legalized

abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy.abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy. 8. In 1972, what piece of legislation was passed by 8. In 1972, what piece of legislation was passed by

Congress but failed to be fully ratified by the states?Congress but failed to be fully ratified by the states? 9. ___ was national chairperson of the Stop-ERA 9. ___ was national chairperson of the Stop-ERA

campaign.campaign. 10. ___ was invisible resistance to promoting women 10. ___ was invisible resistance to promoting women

in jobs.in jobs.

KEY TERMSKEY TERMS FEMINISMFEMINISM BETTY FRIEDANBETTY FRIEDAN NATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF NATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF

WOMEN (N.O.W.)WOMEN (N.O.W.) GLORIA STEINAMGLORIA STEINAM EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT

(E.R.A.)(E.R.A.) PHYLLIS SCHLAFLYPHYLLIS SCHLAFLY

IMPORTANT DATESIMPORTANT DATES

1961: PRESIDENTIAL COMMISSION 1961: PRESIDENTIAL COMMISSION ON THE STATUS OF WOMENON THE STATUS OF WOMEN

1963: 1963: THE FEMININE MYSTIQUETHE FEMININE MYSTIQUE PUBLISHEDPUBLISHED

1966: N.O.W. FOUNDED1966: N.O.W. FOUNDED 1972: E.R.A. PASSED IN CONGRESS1972: E.R.A. PASSED IN CONGRESS 1973: 1973: ROE V. WADE ROE V. WADE 1982: E.R.A. FAILS RATIFICATION1982: E.R.A. FAILS RATIFICATION

FEMINISMFEMINISM FEMINISM: DEFINE:FEMINISM: DEFINE:

BELIEF THAT WOMEN SHOULD HAVE ECONOMIC, BELIEF THAT WOMEN SHOULD HAVE ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND SOCIAL EQUALITY WITH MENPOLITICAL, AND SOCIAL EQUALITY WITH MEN

WHEN? GAINS STRENGTH IN 1960’sWHEN? GAINS STRENGTH IN 1960’s WHY?WHY?

1950’s: 1 OUT OF 3 WOMEN IN AMERICAN 1950’s: 1 OUT OF 3 WOMEN IN AMERICAN WORKFORCEWORKFORCE

1960’s: OVER 40% HAD JOBS OUTSIDE THE HOME1960’s: OVER 40% HAD JOBS OUTSIDE THE HOME PROBLEM: VERY LIMITED JOB OPPORTUNITIES PROBLEM: VERY LIMITED JOB OPPORTUNITIES

W/LOW PAY W/LOW PAY EXAMPLES?EXAMPLES?

DOMESTIC SERVICESDOMESTIC SERVICES RETAIL SALESRETAIL SALES SOCIAL WORKSOCIAL WORK

RESULTS?RESULTS? 1961: JFK CREATES PRES. COMMISSION ON THE 1961: JFK CREATES PRES. COMMISSION ON THE

STATUS OF WOMENSTATUS OF WOMEN FIND? FIND?

WOMEN WERE OFTEN PAID LESS FOR DOING THE SAME WOMEN WERE OFTEN PAID LESS FOR DOING THE SAME JOBS AS MENJOBS AS MEN

WOMEN WERE OFTEN NOT PROMOTED IN JOBS, EVEN WOMEN WERE OFTEN NOT PROMOTED IN JOBS, EVEN WHEN DESERVINGWHEN DESERVING

FEMINISM GROWSFEMINISM GROWS WHY?WHY?

JOB DISCRIMINATION CAUSES MANY JOB DISCRIMINATION CAUSES MANY WOMEN TO ORGANIZE EFFORTSWOMEN TO ORGANIZE EFFORTS

MANY “PROTEST” ORAGNIZATIONS ARE MANY “PROTEST” ORAGNIZATIONS ARE ALSO RUN, & DOMINATED BY MENALSO RUN, & DOMINATED BY MEN

NEW DEVELOPMENTS:NEW DEVELOPMENTS: 1963: BETTY FRIEDAN PUBLISHES 1963: BETTY FRIEDAN PUBLISHES THE THE

FEMININE MYSTIQUEFEMININE MYSTIQUE TOPIC: BOOK POPULARIZES WOMEN’S TOPIC: BOOK POPULARIZES WOMEN’S

ISSUES & HIGHLIGHTS PROBLEMS, ETC.ISSUES & HIGHLIGHTS PROBLEMS, ETC. EFFECT?EFFECT?

““WOMEN’S LIBERATIONWOMEN’S LIBERATION” MOVEMENT ” MOVEMENT GAINS POWERGAINS POWER

MORE WOMEN ENCOURAGED TO MORE WOMEN ENCOURAGED TO PARTICIPATE IN “PARTICIPATE IN “WOMEN’S LIBWOMEN’S LIB” ” MOVEMENTMOVEMENT

BETTY FRIEDANBETTY FRIEDAN

WOMEN’S LIBERATION WOMEN’S LIBERATION MOVEMENT MOVEMENT

1966: NATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF WOMEN 1966: NATIONAL ORGANIZATION OF WOMEN FOUNDED (FOUNDED (N.O.W.N.O.W.))

DEFINE: GROUP DEVOTED TO ADDRESSING DEFINE: GROUP DEVOTED TO ADDRESSING WOMEN’S ISSUESWOMEN’S ISSUES

GOALS?GOALS? BETTER CHILD CARE FACILITIESBETTER CHILD CARE FACILITIES IMPROVE WOMEN’S EDUCATIONAL IMPROVE WOMEN’S EDUCATIONAL

OPPORTUNITIESOPPORTUNITIES ELIMINATION OF JOB DISCRIMINATION BASED ELIMINATION OF JOB DISCRIMINATION BASED

ON GENDERON GENDER N.O.W. GROWS: 1966-1969: MEMBERSHIP GROWS N.O.W. GROWS: 1966-1969: MEMBERSHIP GROWS

FROM 300-175,000FROM 300-175,000 OTHER WOMEN’S LIB. DEVELOPMENTS:OTHER WOMEN’S LIB. DEVELOPMENTS:

1971: 1971: GLORIA STEINAMGLORIA STEINAM FOUNDS FOUNDS NATIONAL NATIONAL WOMEN’S POLITICAL CAUCUSWOMEN’S POLITICAL CAUCUS

1972: HIGHER EDUCATION ACT: 1972: HIGHER EDUCATION ACT: OUTLAWS GENDER DISCRIMINATION TO ANY OUTLAWS GENDER DISCRIMINATION TO ANY

INSTITUTION RECEIVING FEDERAL $INSTITUTION RECEIVING FEDERAL $ WORKING PARENTS GIVEN TAX BREAK FOR WORKING PARENTS GIVEN TAX BREAK FOR

CHILD-CARE EXPENSESCHILD-CARE EXPENSES

GLORIA STEINAMGLORIA STEINAM

ROE v. WADEROE v. WADE WHAT? SUPREME COURT CASEWHAT? SUPREME COURT CASE WHEN? 1973WHEN? 1973 ISSUE?ISSUE?

DOES A WOMAN HAVE THE RIGHT TO HAVE DOES A WOMAN HAVE THE RIGHT TO HAVE AN ABORTION?AN ABORTION?

COURT DECISION:COURT DECISION: GRANTED WOMEN THE RIGHT TO HAVE AN GRANTED WOMEN THE RIGHT TO HAVE AN

ABORTION IN THE FIRST THREE MONTHS ABORTION IN THE FIRST THREE MONTHS OF PREGNANCYOF PREGNANCY

EFFECT?EFFECT? ABORTION IS LEGALIZED IN THE U.S.ABORTION IS LEGALIZED IN THE U.S. ABORTION-RIGHTS ADVOCATES, LIKE ABORTION-RIGHTS ADVOCATES, LIKE

N.O.W., GAIN POLITICAL POWERN.O.W., GAIN POLITICAL POWER THE ABORTION DEBATE CONTIUES TO THE ABORTION DEBATE CONTIUES TO

DIVIDE AMERICANSDIVIDE AMERICANS

Anti-Abortion Anti-Abortion

Protests, WashingtonProtests, Washington

E.R.AE.R.A 1972: CONGRESS PASSES EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT1972: CONGRESS PASSES EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT DESCRIBE:DESCRIBE:

1st INTRODUCED TO CONGRESS IN 19231st INTRODUCED TO CONGRESS IN 1923 WOULD GUARANTEE EQUAL RIGHTS UNDER THE LAW WOULD GUARANTEE EQUAL RIGHTS UNDER THE LAW

TO BOTH GENDERSTO BOTH GENDERS 1972: AFTER IT’S PASSED IN CONGRESS, IT NEEDED 1972: AFTER IT’S PASSED IN CONGRESS, IT NEEDED

RATIFICATION BY ¾ (38) U.S. STATESRATIFICATION BY ¾ (38) U.S. STATES WIDESPREAD RESISTANCE TO E.R.A.WIDESPREAD RESISTANCE TO E.R.A. WHO?WHO?

CONSERVATIVE RELIGIOUS GROUPSCONSERVATIVE RELIGIOUS GROUPS CONSERVATIVE POLITICAL GROUPSCONSERVATIVE POLITICAL GROUPS STOP-ERA CAMPAIGN: STOP-ERA CAMPAIGN: PHYLLIS SCHLAFLYPHYLLIS SCHLAFLY

WHY?WHY? FEAR NEGATIVE IMPACT ON FAMILIESFEAR NEGATIVE IMPACT ON FAMILIES DEVELOPMENT OF OTHER ISSUES:DEVELOPMENT OF OTHER ISSUES:

SAME-SEX MARRIAGESAME-SEX MARRIAGE DRAFTING OF WOMENDRAFTING OF WOMEN

RESULT? RESULT? 1977: ERA RATIFIED BY 35 OF 38 STATES ; 1977: ERA RATIFIED BY 35 OF 38 STATES ; FAILS TO FAILS TO

GET 38 STATESGET 38 STATES

1972 Pro-ERA Rally1972 Pro-ERA Rally

Phyllis Schlafly,Phyllis Schlafly,

Stop-ERA CampaignStop-ERA Campaign

ChairpersonChairperson