Women Empowerment
-
Upload
yash6595 -
Category
Technology
-
view
860 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Women Empowerment
Made By:Made By:YASH SHAHYASH SHAH
Outline of the presentation
Background: Facts about India Women in Modern Times
EducationEmploymentEmpowerment
Famous Faces Indian Women Action Conclusion
DEFINITIONDEFINITION
“Any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women and girls, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivations of liberty, whether occurring in public or private life”.
Violence against women and Violence against women and girls is on the increase.girls is on the increase.
More violent forms, such as More violent forms, such as femicide, acid attacks, ritual rapes and murders, femicide, acid attacks, ritual rapes and murders, gang rapes, abductions, defilement and forced early gang rapes, abductions, defilement and forced early
marriages, marriages, Military sexual slavery, rape as a weapon of war, Military sexual slavery, rape as a weapon of war,
trafficking in women and girls and trafficking in women and girls and ill-treatment of widows have become more widespread.ill-treatment of widows have become more widespread.
WOMEN IN MORDEN TIMES
EducationGender gaps in higher education
○ About 1 percent of total women population has college education
○ Women account for a third of the students at college/university level
○ In engineering and business, the proportion of female students is much smaller
○ In education, nearly half of the students are women
Barriers to Female EducationPoverty: one-fourth of India’s population
lives below the poverty line (2002)Social values and parental preferencesInadequate school facilitiesShortage of female teachers: 29 percent at
the primary level and 22 percent at the university level (1993)
Gender bias in curriculum
EmploymentDifficult to get an overall picture of employment
among women ○ Most women work in the informal sector
Women accounted for only 23 percent of the total workers in the formal sector in 1991
The number of female workers has increased faster than the number of male workers
Female unemployment rates are similar to male unemployment rates
Barriers to Female Employment
Cultural Restrictions○ Hierarchical society (caste system)○ Purdah system: the veiling and seclusion of women
Discrimination at Workplace○ More prevalent in fields where male competition is high○ Less prevalent in fields where competition is low
Lack of employment opportunities
Empowerment Social Empowerment
Education ○ There is no direct relationship between education
and work force participation; but may affect their participation in household decision making
Economic Independence: ○ Economic independence does not imply significant
improvement in social standing ○ Culture and tradition play an important role○ A small fraction has opened up towards Western
values
Economic Empowerment
Property Rights○ Patriarchal society
Economic Decision Making○ In the household○ In businesses
Political Empowerment
Representation in democratic institutionsGovernment reservations policy for women: the constitutional
amendment of 1990s
Famous Faces
Indira Gandhi Mother Teresa Mira Nair Kalpana Chawla Gurinder Chadha Arundhati Roy Jhumpa Lahiri Aishwarya Rai Sushmita Sen
Holistic approach to Empowerment
Health& Nut.
Education
Water & San.
Skills
Technology Credit
PoliticalParticipation
Marketing
Asset base
Action Areas Women availing servicesavailing services of public utilities
like road transport, power, water and sanitation, telecommunication etc.
Training Training of women as highly skilled workers- top end skills
Research/TechnologyResearch/Technology for women Women in the work force Asset ownershipAsset ownership by women Women as EntrepreneursEntrepreneurs
Implementation of Laws likeEqual remunerationMinimum Wages Factories Act
Infrastructure for women likeWater and sanitation at workplaceCrechesWorking Women HostelsTransport servicesSecurity
To Conclude “It is more important to create a general
awareness’ and understanding of the problems of women’s employment in all the top policy and decision making and executive personnel. There is also the special problem facing women like the preference for male children for social and cultural reasons. This will require awareness, understanding and action. The best way to do so is to educate the children, orient the teachers, examine the text books and teaching-aids and ensure that the next generation grows up with new thinking.”
Thank YouThank You