WMO I NTERCOMPARISON OF I NSTRUMENTS AND M ETHODS FOR THE M EASUREMENT OF S OLID P RECIPITATION AND...

WMO INTERCOMPARISON OF INSTRUMENTS AND METHODSFOR THE MEASUREMENT OF SOLID PRECIPITATIONAND SNOW ON THE GROUND(WMO SPICE)

ORGANIZATION OF THE EXPERIMENT CIMO-TECO

Brussels, Oct 16th, 2012

– April 21, 2023

Rodica Nitu (1), O Aulamo(13), B Baker(3), M Earle(1) B Goodison((15) J Hoover (1) J Hendrikx (10) , P. Joe(1) J Kochendorfer (3), E Lanzinger (4) , H Liang(6), L Lanza(12), S Landolt(2) , R. Rasmussen(2) , Y.A. Roulet (5), C Smith(7),, A Samanter (1), F Sabatini(8), E Vuerich(11), V Vuglinsky(14) , M Wolff(9) , D Yang(7)

(1) Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, Canada, [email protected] (2) National Center for Atmospheric Research, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO USA (3) NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, 456 S. Illinois Ave, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830(4)Deutscher Wetterdienst, Frahmredder 95, 22393 Hamburg, Germany(5)Météo Suisse, Station Aérologique, Case postale 316, CH-1530 PAYERNE, Switzerland(6)China Meteorological Administration, No. 46 Zhongguacun, Nandajie, BEIJING 100081, China(7)Environment Canada, 11 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada (8) CNR-IBIMET, Institute of Biometeorology, Via Giovanni Caproni, 8, 50145 Florence, Italy(9)Norwegian Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 43 Blindern, Henrik Mohns plass 1, 0313 Oslo, Norway(10)Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717-3480, U.S.A.(11) Italian Met Service – Air Force, Centre of Meteorological Experimentations, Via Braccianese Claudia, km 20,100 00062 Vigna di Valle (Rome) Italy(12) DICAT - Department of Civil, Environmental and Territorial Engineering, University of Genoa , GENOVA Italy (13) Finnish Meteorological Institute, Arctic Research Centre, Sodankyla(14) State Hydrological institute, 2nd Line 23, St.Petersburg, 199053, Russian Federation(15) WMO, EC-PORS, GCOS, 7 bis, avenue de la Paix, CH 1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland

– April 21, 2023

SPICE MissionIn consultation with stakeholders (Commission Hydrology, CAgM, World Climate Research Program – WG on Nowcasting, the Remote Sensing community, GCOS, EC-PORS, National Meteorological Services), it was agreed that SPICE will focus on:

– recommending appropriate field reference system(s) using automatic gauges, for the unattended measurement of solid precipitation ;

– providing guidance on the performance of automated systems measuring:

▪ (i) total precipitation amount, especially when the precipitation is solid; ▪ (ii) snowfall (height of newly fallen snow) and snow depth (snow on the ground).

– understanding and documenting the differences between :▪ a field reference system using an automatic gauge and different automatic systems,;▪ automatic and manual measurements of solid precipitation, including siting, shielding,

and configuration.

– April 21, 2023

WMO SPICE

• WMO SPICE: a multi-site coordinated assessments of automatic instruments to measure solid precipitation.

• The migration from human to automatic observations: challenges with respect to the quality and continuity of hydro-meteorological measurements.

• Will investigate the measurement and reporting of precipitation amount, snow on the ground (snow depth), snowfall:

– over various time periods (minutes, hours, days, seasons), – as a function of precipitation phase;– will address the linkages between snow on the ground and snowfall.

• Evaluate new and emerging technology for the measurement of solid precipitation and their potential for use in operational applications.

– April 21, 2023

DFIR vs. DFAR• The 1987-1994 WMO Solid Precipitation

Intercomparison (WMO/TD-No. 872 (1998)) defined the DFIR (Double Fence International Reference) as the complete system: the octagonal double-fence (DFIR-fence) and the Tretyakov gauge+shield placed in its centre.

• To differentiate from the complete DFIR system, the IOC decided to:

– Use the term DFIR-fence when referring to the octagonal double fence only.

– Use the term Double Fence Automatic Reference (DFAR): a field reference configuration using an automatic gauge (model not prescribed) in the centre of the octagonal double-fence.

– April 21, 2023

Intercomparison Sites

• 15 sites in 11 countries;

• Will include:– Recommended field reference systems

– Instruments under test▪ From Instrument Providers▪ Provided by the SPICE host (of interest for national applications)

• Ancillary measurements;

– April 21, 2023

Participating SPICE Sites

– April 21, 2023

Guthega Dam, Australia

– April 21, 2023

Bratt’s Lake, Canada

– April 21, 2023

Caribou Creek, Canada

– April 21, 2023

CARE (Egbert), Canada

– April 21, 2023

Sodankyla, Finland

– April 21, 2023

Haukeliseter, Norway

– April 21, 2023

Weissfluhjoch, Switzerland

– April 21, 2023

Mueller Hut, New Zealand

– April 21, 2023

Tapado, Chile

– April 21, 2023

Marshall (Boulder) CO, USA

– April 21, 2023

Hala Gasienicowa, Poland

– April 21, 2023

Rikubetsu, Hokkaido, Japan

– April 21, 2023

Joetsu, Japan

– April 21, 2023

Volga River, Russian Federation

– April 21, 2023

Valdai, Russian Federation

– April 21, 2023

CAE S. p. A PMB25R

Meteoservis v.o.s & ZAMG

MR3H-FC

Environmental Measurements Ltd.

UPG1000

Snow Hydro Limited TB3

AdolfThies GmbH&Co KG

Precipitation Transmitter

Hydrological Services America

TBH/TBH-LP

MTX s.r.lFAK015AA

Participating Instruments: Heated Tipping Buckets

– April 21, 2023

Belfort Instrument Company36000-1DDH

MPS SystemsTRwS204

Meteoservis v.o.sMRW500

GEONOR AST-200B3(600 mm)

GEONOR AST-200BM3(1500mm)

OTT Hydromet GmbHPluvio2 200cm2

Snow Hydro Limited All-Weather

Precipitation Gauge - NOAH II

NIMH BulgariaSutron TPG-0001

Participating Instruments: Weighing Gauges

– April 21, 2023

OTT Hydromet GmbHPARSIVEL2

Campbell Scientific PWS100

AdolfThies GmbH&Co KGLaser Precipitation Monitor

Droplet Measurement TechnologiesMeteorological Particle Sensor

Participating Instruments: Non-Catchment type Instruments

– April 21, 2023

Campbell Scientific

SR50ATH-316SS

Felix Technologies

SL300

Hydrological Services America:Sommer GmbH & Co KG

USH-8

ESW GmbH

Jenoptik

Snow Water Equivalent

Campbell ScientificCS725

Participating Instruments: Snow Depth and SWE Instruments

– April 21, 2023

SPICE Data Protocol

• Establishes the division of responsibilities regarding the data and results;

• Signed by all participants, indicating the commitment to respect the spirit of the intercomparison;

• Engagement of Instrument Providers: sharing of data from the instruments provided;

• No participant should use the SPICE results to gain commercial advantage;

• Publication guidelines.

– April 21, 2023

SPICE Timelines

• Pre-SPICE: 2011/12: informal experiments guiding the definition of the intercomparison principles (e.g. reference, data management, configuration); NEXT TALK!

• Start of the formal Intercomparison: – Nov/Dec 2012 (Northern Hemisphere); – April 2013 (Southern Hemisphere)

• Duration: 2 full winter seasons;

• Results publication:– Final Report 1-2 years after the completion of the intercomparison;– Yearly project updates;– Partial or site specific results published (Publication Guidelines).

– April 21, 2023

Thank you!

WMO I NTERCOMPARISON OF I NSTRUMENTS AND M ETHODS FOR THE M EASUREMENT OF S OLID P RECIPITATION AND...

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