WM-2018.Expansion of Women's Participation in …...34 Ⅱ Measures for Gender Equality 7. Expansion...
Transcript of WM-2018.Expansion of Women's Participation in …...34 Ⅱ Measures for Gender Equality 7. Expansion...
34
Ⅱ Measures for Gender Equality
7. Expansion of Women’s Participation in Policy and Decision-making Processes in All Fields of Society
Various efforts are being undertaken through the promotion of “positive action” to expand women’s participation in policy and decision-making processes in all fields of society.
Positive action“Positive provision of opportunities for either women or men within necessary limits to redress gender disparities in terms of formation of a society where both women and men shall be given equal opportunities to participate voluntarily in activities in all fields as equal partners in society” (Article 2, The Basic Act for a Gender Equal Society)
(1) Target of “30% by 2020”With the aim of achieving the target of “increasing the share of women in leadership positions to at least 30% by 2020 in all fields of society” (“the target of 30%”), numerical targets for women’s participation were set in the Third Basic Plan for Gender Equality for a wide range of fields, including politics, national and local civil services, private sector, education and research.The Fourth Basic Plan shows the highly ambitious targets that could be achieved if all-out efforts are made in each field such as politics, administration, economy, regional, science and technology for the expansion of women’s social participation across those fields. The plan also includes a target regarding the layer of women in previous stage who will assume leadership positions in the future.
■ List of Numerical Targets in the Fourth Basic Plan for Gender Equality
Proportion of Women for Each Item Currently Target(Deadline)
National Government
Proportion of women in government positions equivalent to director of central government ministries and agencies
4.4%(July 2017)
7%(end of fiscal 2020)
Proportion of women in government positions equivalent to the chief staff levels of central government ministries and agencies
24.2%(July 2017)
30%(end of fiscal 2020)
Local Government
Proportion of women in positions equivalent to director of prefectural government (municipalities) office
9.8% (16.9%)(2017)
15% (20%)(end of fiscal 2020)
Proportion of women in positions equivalent to the chief staff levels of prefectural government (municipalities) office
22.4% (33.5%)(2017)
30% (35%)(end of fiscal 2020)
Private Sector
Proportion of women in positions equivalent to the section manager level
10.3%(2016)
15%(2020)
Proportion of women in positions equivalent to the subsection leader level
18.6%(2016)
25%(2020)
35
Ⅱ Measures for Gender Equality
(2) Expansion of Women’s Participation in National Diet Members The proportion of women occupying positions as National Diet members in Japan is at a low level compared with other countries around the world. Women’s participation in the field of politics is an important task to make efforts in order to achieve the objective of raising the proportion of female election candidates for the House of Representatives and the House of Councilors to 30% by 2020. Therefore, in accordance with the Fourth Basic Plan for Gender Equality, the government has requested political parties to consider introducing positive actions to increase the proportion of women candidates in national and other elections. In addition, the government has been providing information, including a map it created that vividly shows the situation of women’s participation in politics.
Jul 1
989
Feb
1990
Jul 1
992
Jul 1
993
Jul 1
995
Oct
199
6
Jul 1
998
Jun
2000
Jul 2
001
Nov
200
3
Jul 2
004
Sep
200
5
Jul 2
007
Aug
200
9
Jul 2
010
Dec
201
2
Jul 2
013
Dec
201
4
Jul 2
016
Oct
201
7
6.9 7.3
10.2
14.412.9 13
16.7
15
16.6
2.3 2.7
4.6
7.3 7.1 9
11.3
7.99.5
17.7
10.1
21.8
19.2
21.923.2
27.6
20.6
24.1
22.9
24.2
17.5
10.3
16.715.9
14.9
12.4
21.5
18.2
24.7
23.1
14
%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Candidates for the House of Representatives membersElected members of the House of RepresentativesCandidates for the House of Councilors membersElected members of the House of Councilors
Requested political partiesto increase the proportion of women candidates
Map of women’s participation in politics
■ Female Candidates and Elected Member of the House of Representatives in General Election and the House of Councilors in Regular Election
Source: Survey by the Ministry of Internal Aff airs and Communicati ons
福島県福島県
群馬県群馬県 栃木県栃木県 茨城県茨城県
千葉県千葉県
埼玉県埼玉県
東京都東京都山梨県山梨県
神奈川県神奈川県
新潟県新潟県
山形県山形県 宮城県宮城県
秋田県秋田県
青森県青森県
北海道北海道
岩手県岩手県
静岡県静岡県
沖縄県沖縄県
愛知県愛知県三重県三重県奈良県奈良県
和歌山県和歌山県
大阪府大阪府
富山県富山県
石川県石川県
福井県福井県 岐阜県岐阜県
滋賀県滋賀県京都府京都府
兵庫県兵庫県鳥取県鳥取県島根県島根県
山口県山口県
福岡県福岡県
大分県大分県
宮崎県宮崎県熊本県熊本県
佐賀県佐賀県長崎県長崎県
鹿児島県鹿児島県
広島県広島県
香川県香川県
徳島県徳島県愛媛県愛媛県
高知県高知県
岡山県岡山県
長野県長野県
東京都東京都東京都東京都東京都東京都東京都東京都東京都東京都東京都東京都東京都東京都東京都
神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県神奈川県
都道府県議会議長
政令指定都市市議会議長
市区町村議会議長
知事
政令指定都市市長
市区町村長
15% 20%以上 未満
20%以上
10% 15%以上 未満
5% 10%以上 未満
3都県
4 府県
19道県
21 県
0名47議会
0名20議会
54名1,721議会
3名47都道府県
2名20 政令指定
都市
25名1,721市区町村
3名
47
2名
20
0名
47
0名
20
23名1,721
51名1,721
3都県
22県
17道県
5府県
12.8%
議員数(人)
下院又は一院制国 名順位
(下院)
(参考)上 院女 性(人)
女性割合(%)
議員数(人)
女 性(人)
女性割合(%)
資料出所:IPU「Women in Parliaments」(2017年12月1日時点)(注)1.割合は小数点第2位を四捨五入したもの。 2.調査対象国は193か国。そのうち、上位20か国及びOECD加盟国(35か国)を抽出。
※2017年11月に実施された選挙結果が未反映のため、人数及び割合について空欄としている。
123456788101112131415161717191922242628303539434550525357616479829699105115122130157157
ルワンダボリビアキューバニカラグアスウェーデンメキシコフィンランドセネガル南アフリカ共和国ノルウェーナミビアモザンビークスペインフランスエチオピアニュージーランドアルゼンチンアイスランドベルギーエクアドルデンマークスロベニアオランダポルトガルオーストリアスイスイギリスイタリアドイツオーストラリアルクセンブルクポーランドイスラエルエストニアカナダアイルランドチェコ共和国スロバキアアメリカ合衆国ギリシャ韓国ラトビアトルコハンガリー日本チリ※
80130612
92349500200165392169104250350577547120257
63150137179
90150230183200650630709150
60460120101335158200150434300300100549199465155
4969
29942
152213
8469
164704399
137225212
4698245752673354806365
208195218
4317
12933278835443084555116802047
61.353.148.945.743.642.642.041.841.841.441.339.639.139.038.838.338.138.138.038.037.436.736.034.834.432.532.031.030.728.728.328.027.526.726.322.222.020.019.418.317.016.014.610.110.1
23.6
2636............
128........54....42....
266348153
....72....60........
3975....
6146
805320
6976....
100........
1006080....
100....................
24243
1017............47........19....10....
101102
49....30....30........
426....
197
207912731....14........431815....
21....................50
38.547.2
....
....
....36.7
....
....35.2
....23.8
....38.029.332.0
....41.7
....50.0
....
10.334.7
....
31.115.225.728.439.140.8
....
14.0....
43.030.018.8
....
21.0............................
20.7
23.2世界平均
京 都 府東 京 都滋 賀 県神奈川県岩 手 県秋 田 県福 島 県山 口 県岡 山 県北 海 道沖 縄 県三 重 県栃 木 県宮 城 県兵 庫 県鳥 取 県埼 玉 県徳 島 県福 岡 県長 野 県千 葉 県奈 良 県長 崎 県福 井 県島 根 県茨 城 県愛 知 県鹿児島県富 山 県和歌山県青 森 県岐 阜 県熊 本 県広 島 県群 馬 県新 潟 県高 知 県宮 崎 県石 川 県香 川 県大 阪 府山 形 県大 分 県静 岡 県山 梨 県佐 賀 県愛 媛 県
59 127 43
105 48 43 58 46 54
101 48 49 50 59 86 35 92 37 86 58 95 43 45 36 37 62
102 51 40 42 46 46 47 64 50 53 37 39 41 41 85 43 43 69 36 36 44
12 25 7
17 7 6 8 6 7
13 6 6 6 7
10 4
10 4 9 6 9 4 4 3 3 5 8 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 3 1 1 1
(20.3)(19.7)(16.3)(16.2)(14.6)(14.0)(13.8)(13.0)(13.0)(12.9)(12.5)(12.2)(12.0)(11.9)(11.6)(11.4)(10.9)(10.8)(10.5)(10.3)(9.5)(9.3)(8.9)(8.3)(8.1)(8.1)(7.8)(7.8)(7.5)(7.1)(6.5)(6.5)(6.4)(6.3)(6.0)(5.7)(5.4)(5.1)(4.9)(4.9)(4.7)(4.7)(4.7)(4.3)(2.8)(2.8)(2.3)
都 道 府 県 議員現員数(人)
女性議員数(人)(女性議員の比率 %)
2,657計 263(9.9)※
(注)1.総務省「地方公共団体の議会の議員及び長の所属 党派別人員調」より作成(平成28年12月31日現在) 2.女性議員の比率は小数点第2位を四捨五入したもの 3.都道府県名について、前年版から女性議員の比率
が増加した場合は赤字、減少した場合は青字、変化なしの場合は黒字としている
※ 前年(平成28年7月1日現在)は9.8%
女性の政治参画マップ 2018政治分野における女性の参画拡大は、多様な民意の反映のため極めて重要です。我が国の政治分野における女性の参画状況は、国・地方ともに依然として低い水準にとどまっています。
都道府県議会議長は平成29年11月1日現在(全国都道府県議会議長会調べ)市区議会議長は平成29年10月1 日現在(全国市議会議議長会調べ)町村議会議長は平成29年 7月 1日現在(全国町村議会議長会調べ)
議会の長首 長
内閣府「地方公共団体における男女共同参画社会の形成又は女性に関する施策の推進状況」(平成 29年4月1日現在)
12.8%全国平均
市区町村議会における女性議員の比率
総務省「地方公共団体の議会の議員及び長の所属党別人員調」より作成 (平成28年12月31日現在)
注:都道府県ごとの政治分野における女性の参画状況について示すべく、47都道府県の形を簡略化したもの :各項目に[ ]で付している数値は前年版のもの
平成29年12月1日現在国会議員数の国際比較「民主主義に関する普遍的宣言」(1997年(平成9年)IPU(列国議会同盟))より
民主主義の確立のためには、男女がその違いから生まれる互いの長所を活かし、平等に、かつ補い合いながら機能する、社会の営みにおける男女の真のパートナーシップが前提となる(内閣府男女共同参画局にて仮訳)
男女共同参画
作成:内閣府男女共同参画局
都道府県議会における女性議員の比率平成 28年12月 31日現在
市区町村別の詳細は「市町村女性参画状況見える化マップ」で検索!
36
Ⅱ Measures for Gender Equality
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Fiscal year of recruitment
(%)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Examination for Comprehensive ServiceAll recruitment examination for national public employeesl
Note:1. Data for 2003 and before from the National Personnel Authority (NPA). Data for 2004 to 2012 from “Recruitment and Promotion of Female National Public Employees – Follow-up Measures,” the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) and NPA.Data for 2013-2016 from “Recruitment of Female National Public Employees – Follow-up Measures” which is published by MIC and NPA (2013 ver.), Cabinet Secretary Cabinet Bureau of Personnel Affairs and NPA (2014 ver.), and Cabinet Secretary Cabinet Bureau of Personnel Affairs (2015 and 2016 ver.).2. "Comprehensive Service" refers to National Public Service Recruitment Examination for Comprehensive Service (graduate school or university graduate level) the Level I Recruitment Examination (university graduate level) and the Level I Recruitment Examination of Ministry of Defense Personnel.Data for fiscal 2003 and before represent female employees employed by the Level I Recruitment Examination (including those employed by independent administrative agencies), excluding those employed by the Defense Agency or as the National Diet staff.
6.4
25.5
20.4
26.7
23.9
34.5
33.4
Target
Note: 1. Data for 2003 and before from the National Personnel Authority (NPA). Data for 2004 to 2012 from “Recruitment and Promotion of Female National Public Employees – Follow-up Measures,” the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC) and NPA.Data for 2013-2016 from “Recruitment of Female National Public Employees – Follow-up Measures” which is published by MIC and NPA (2013 ver.), Cabinet Secretary Cabinet Bureau of Personnel Affairs and NPA (2014 ver.), and Cabinet Secretary Cabinet Bureau of Personnel Affairs (since 2015 ver.).2. "Comprehensive Service" refers to National Public Service Recruitment Examination for Comprehensive Service (graduate school or university graduate level) the Level I Recruitment Examination (university graduate level) and the Level I Recruitment Examination of Ministry of Defense Personnel.Data for fiscal 2003 and before represent female employees employed by the Level I Recruitment Examination (including those employed by independent administrative agencies), excluding those employed by the Defense Agency or as the National Diet staff.
(3) Recruitment and Promotion of Female National Public EmployeesIn the Fourth Basic Plan for Gender Equality, the government sets the target of having the proportion of female national public employees hired based on the recruitment examination reach 30% or more and to achieve this goal in the adoption of fiscal 2017. It is also, working to promote female employees with a target of having the proportion of females in managerial positions equivalent to designated service 5%, positions equivalent to director of the central government ministries 7%, positions equivalent to director of central government regional organizations or assistant director of central government ministries and agencies 12% and the subsection leader level 30%.
■ Proportion of Female National Public Employees through Recruitment Examinations
■ Proportion of Female National Public Employees in Managerial Positions
(Fiscal year)2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Positions equivalent to the division director of regional office or the assistant director in central government ministries
Positions equivalent to the director of the division and the office in central government ministries
Equivalent to the designated position
Source:Created from “Follow-up on the state of promoting female national public employee and acquisition of child care leave of national public employee,” December 2016
Note:The survey targeted the officials who are applied Salary Schedule for administrative service (1), Salary Schedule for professional administrative service, Salary Schedule for taxation service, Salary Schedule for public peace service (1) , Salary Schedule for public peace service (2) , Salary Schedule for designated service under the Act on Remuneration for National Public Employees (Act No. 95 of 1950,hereinafter referred to as "the Regular Service Remuneration, and, the Ministry of Defense employees who are receiving remuneration of an amount stipulated in the Administrative Service (I) Salary Schedule ,the Designated Service Salary Schedule of the Regular Service Remuneration Act under the Act on Remuneration of Officials in the Ministry of Defense (Act No. 266 of 1952.) ;until 2005 it included officials to whom the Defense Counselor Salary Schedule is applied.)
%
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
2017 2020(Target)
1.6 2.0 1.8 1.92.2 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.7
3.13.5
4.1
1.61.61.6 2.02.02.0 1.81.81.8 1.91.91.92.22.22.2 2.32.32.3 2.42.42.4 2.62.62.6 2.72.72.7
3.13.13.13.53.53.5
4.14.14.1
1.1 1.11.2 1.21.7
2.0 2.1 1.91.6
2.0
3.0
3.5
1.11.11.1 1.11.11.11.21.21.2 1.21.21.21.71.71.7
2.02.02.0 2.12.12.1 1.91.91.91.61.61.6
2.02.02.0
3.03.03.0
3.53.53.5
5.65.9 5.9
6.26.6
7.17.6
8.6
9.4
4.4
3.8
10.1
7
5
12
5.65.9 5.9
6.26.6
7.17.6
8.6
9.4
4.44.44.4
3.83.83.8
10.110.110.1
777
555
121212
Source:Created from “Follow-up on the state of promoting female national public employee and acquisition of child care leave of national public employee,” October 2017Note:The survey targeted the officials who are applied Salary Schedule for administrative service (1), Salary Schedule for professional administrative service, Salary Schedule for taxation service, Salary Schedule for public peace service (1), Salary Schedule for public peace service (2), Salary Schedule for designated service under the Act on Remuneration for National Public Employees (Act No. 95 of 1950,hereinafter referred to as "the Regular Service Remuneration Act "), and the Ministry of Defense employees who are receiving remuneration of an amount stipulated in the Administrative Service (I) Salary Schedule, the Designated Service Salary Schedule of the Regular Service Remuneration Act under the Act on Remuneration of Officials in the Ministry of Defense (Act No. 266 of 1952.); until 2005 it included officials to whom the Defense Counselor Salary Schedule is applied.
37
Ⅱ Measures for Gender Equality
(4) Recruitment and Promotion of Female Local Public EmployeesThe government is aiming to achieve a target of having the proportion of female local public employees hired based on the university graduate level examinations (advanced level examination) reach approximately 30%, and of having the proportion of female public employees in managerial positions reach approximately 10%.
■ Proportion of Female Local Public Employees through Recruitment Examinations
■ Female Local Public Employees in Managerial Positions
%
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2020(Target)
(Fiscal year)All recruitment examination for local public employees Advanced level examination
15
20
25
0
5
10
30
35
4040.040.0
40.040.0
30.630.6
35.335.3
17.3 17.5 16.8 17.519.0
22.421.3
23.8 22.824.3
26.728.9
26.1
17.3 17.5 16.8 17.519.0
22.421.3
23.8 22.824.3
26.728.9
26.1
32.6
27.0 26.424.7 24.7
28.329.3 30.3 30.9 30.1 30.3
31.934.4
32.6
27.0 26.424.7 24.7
28.329.3 30.3 30.9 30.1 30.3
31.934.4
Source: Until 1993, data from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (as of June 1 of each year); from 1994 onward, data from the Cabinet Office (as of March 31 of each year until 2003, and as of April 1 of each year from 2004 onward)Note:1. Until 2003, some police headquarters were not included,
depending on the prefectural government.2. In this survey, managerial positions refer to positions equivalent
to or higher than the director of the headquarter in local governments, and at government branches, etc.
(5) Expansion of Women’s Participation in National Advisory Councils and Committees Members
With regard to female national advisory councils and committees, efforts to set numerical targets and achievement deadlines have proved effective. Efforts are currently being made to achieve, by 2020, a target of having neither gender make up less than 40% of the total members of the committee as a whole. Based on a survey at the end of September 2017, the proportion of female members was 37.4%.
(Fiscal year)
%
2.6
3.1 3.7
4.2 4.9
5.4
6.56.8
7.2 7.7
8.5
9.0
Prefectural governments
2
0
4
6
8
10
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2017
Source: Data from the Cabinet OfficeNote:1. Proportion of women among the total number of people
hired by prefectural governments2. Approximate level correlations: advanced = university
graduates
38
Ⅱ Measures for Gender Equality
(year)
%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Ratio of female council members Ratio of female expert members
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
2020
2.44.1
5.5
7.9
14.1
20.9
24.7
30.9
36.7
37.4
33.835.4
40
30
10.612.9
17.3
22.4
24.8
27.5
2.44.1
5.5
7.9
14.1
20.9
24.7
30.9
36.7
37.4
33.835.4
40
30
10.612.9
17.3
22.4
24.8
27.5
(Target)
%
(year)
Department manager level in praivate corporations Section manager level in private corporationsAssistant section manager level in private corporationsSection manager or higher level in private corporations
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
2016
2020
(Tar
get)
4.6
2.0
1.31.8
4.6
2.0
1.31.8
7.3
2.8
1.32.3
7.3
2.8
1.32.3
8.1
4.0
2.23.5
8.1
4.0
2.23.5
10.4
5.1
2.8
4.4
10.4
5.1
2.8
4.4
13.7
7.0
4.2
6.2
13.7
7.0
4.2
6.2
16.2
9.2
6.0
8.3
16.2
9.2
6.0
8.3
18.6
10.3
6.6
9.3
18.6
10.3
6.6
9.310.0
15.0
25.0
10.0
15.0
25.0
Source: “Basic Survey on Wage Structure” the Ministry of Health, Labour and WelfareNote: All data is based on values from corporations with 100 or more employees.
■ Proportion of Female Members in National Advisory Councils and Committees
Source: Data from the Cabinet Office
(6) Expansion of Women’s Participation in Private Corporation Managerial PositionsThe government promotes private corporations’ various efforts to promote female employees to senior position toward achieving the target of increasing the share of female managerial level to approximate 15% by 2020.
■ Proportion of Women in Private Corporation Managerial Staff, by Position
(7) Expansion of Women’s Participation in Researchers
■ Proportion of Female Researchers and University ProfessorsThe proportion of female researchers in Japan is 15.7% (as of 2017), which is low compared to other developed nations. Changes in the proportion of female researchers will be followed up under the Basic Plan for Gender Equality.
(year)2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
%
10
15
20
25
0
5
Ratio of female researchers among the total number of researchers Ratio of women among university professors
11.2 11.6 11.9 11.9 12.4 13.013.0 13.6 13.8 14.0 14.4 14.6 14.7 15.3
11.2 11.6 11.9 11.9 12.4 13.013.0 13.6 13.8 14.0 14.4 14.6 14.7 15.313.113.8
14.5 14.7 15.116.2 16.7 17.3 17.8 18.3 18.8
19.5 20.120.6
15.7
21.2
13.113.8
14.5 14.7 15.116.2 16.7 17.3 17.8 18.3 18.8
19.5 20.120.6
15.7
21.2
Note:1. Source for information on researchers: “Report on the
Survey of Research and Development,” the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
2. Source for information on university professors: “School Basic Survey,” the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.
%
(year)
Department manager level in praivate corporations Section manager level in private corporationsAssistant section manager level in private corporationsSection manager or higher level in private corporations
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
2016
2020
(Tar
get)
4.6
2.0
1.31.8
4.6
2.0
1.31.8
7.3
2.8
1.32.3
7.3
2.8
1.32.3
8.1
4.0
2.23.5
8.1
4.0
2.23.5
10.4
5.1
2.8
4.4
10.4
5.1
2.8
4.4
13.7
7.0
4.2
6.2
13.7
7.0
4.2
6.2
16.2
9.2
6.0
8.3
16.2
9.2
6.0
8.3
18.6
10.3
6.6
9.3
18.6
10.3
6.6
9.310.0
15.0
25.0
10.0
15.0
25.0