Wk4 Quantitative Bob Fuller

8/6/2019 Wk4 Quantitative Bob Fuller

1/24

1 of 24

SRR 782 Week 4 Quantitative

Research Methods

Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis

Bob Fuller31stMarch 2009


2/24

2 of 24

Meaning of Research Method?

It is the way (or method) you use to: test your hypothesis (or proposition)

answer your research question(s)

achieve your objectives

Use the term research method to describe thepart designed by you within your overall

research programme (Evans p.65-66)


3/24

3 of 24

What are the General ResearchMethods?

Qualitative

Questionnaire or survey

Literature review

Quantitative

Theoretical analysis

Laboratory experiment

Field measurement Computer simulation

Each have advantages and disadvantages and

often used in combination ..


4/24

Using Literature

Should always relate yourwork to past research

can sometimes use

international literature as

sole source of your researche.g. health mega-studies

4 of 24

Example

The proposed heating andcooling system in the CH2Building andits impact on occupant productivity,

Aye and Fuller, 2005, Aus. Jnl ofConstruction Economics and Building,5, 2, 32-39.


5/24

5 of 24

Common Analyses used in

Architectural Science material properties

operational energy

thermal comfort embodied energy

embodied water

ESD


6/24

6 of 24

Material Properties andBehaviour

Example

Evaluating rammed earth

walls, Taylor and Luther,

Solar Energy, 76, 1-3, 79-84

usually achieved through:

laboratory experiment

theoretical analysis

computer simulation


7/24

7 of 24

Operational Energy

Example

Operating experiences with afabric energy storage system in

Australia, Fuller, Australian Jnl of

Construction Economics and

Building, 4, 2, 1-10


field measurements

analysis of utility bills

analysis of BMS computer simulation


8/24

8 of 24

Thermal Comfort

ExampleComparison of adaptive thermal

comfort strategies of office workers in afree running building and an hvacbuilding during summer in inland

Australia. Taylor (2002), ANZAScA,Deakin University, 505-512


field measurements

questionnaire

analysis of BMSdata

LTU Environment Perception

Frequency against perception of environment from

poor to excellent on a seven point scale

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

1 poor 2 3 4 5 6 7 excellent

mean 4.61

SD 0.76


9/24

9 of 24

Embodied Energy or Water

Example

Life-cycle analysis of building integrated photovoltaic

systems (BiPVs) with heat recovery unit. Crawford etal., (2006), Renewable andSustainable Energy

Reviews, 10, 559-575.


computer simulation

theoretical analysis


10/24

10 of 24

Ecologically SustainableDevelopment - ESD

ExampleEnvironmental design: using a rating tool in the design of

commercial buildings, Lamborn et al. (2004), Proc.

ANZAScA Conference, University of Tasmania.


survey of users

analysis of utility bills

analysis of design

uses accredited software

e.g. Greenstar


11/24

11 of 24

Case Study

Improving comfort levels

in a traditional Humli

house

Where is Humla? .


12/24

12 of 24

project area


13/24

13 of 24

The Faces of Humla


14/24

14 of 24

Typical Humli Housing


15/24

15 of 24

Whats the Research Problem?

improved stoves have

reduced indoor comfort

can changes be made tohousing to improve

comfort levels?


16/24

16 of 24

What was the Research Method?

Combination of: literature review

field measurements

observations and interview computer simulation


17/24

17 of 24

What Literature was Available?

Nienhuys,S

. (2003). ThermalInsulation for Houses in HighAltitudes. Report presented at Renewable Energy Technology

for RuralDevelopment (RETRUD-03) Conference, TribhuvanUniversity, Kathmandu, Nepal, 12-14 October.

Rijal, H.B. and Yoshida, H. (2005). Winter ThermalImprovementof a Traditional House in Nepal, Proceeding of the 9th

InternationalIBPSA Conference (Montral), Vol. 3, pp. 1035-1042.

Rijal, H.B. and Yoshida, H. (2006). Winter Thermal Comfort ofResidents in the Himalaya Region of Nepal, Proceeding ofInternational Conference on Comfort and Energy Use inBuildings - Getting them Right (Windsor), Organised by theNetwork for Comfort and Energy Use in Buildings, pp.15.


18/24

18 of 24

What were the Field Measurements?

Measured the following:

fuelwood use for one week at 5 amevery morning

air temperature and relativehumidity in four rooms on hourlybasis using Hobo loggers

climatic data

airflows at all openings withhotwire anemometer


19/24

19 of 24

What were the Observations andInterview Questions?

Recorded the following:

physical dimensions

building materials

construction techniques

Interviewed family about:

times of stove operation

waking and sleeping times

number of animals kept under

house

occupancy levels and times


20/24

20 of 24

What was the Computer Model?

used TRNSYS modelled all three levels

included all occupants and

animals

included two stoves operated atestimated efficiency

ran model over 8-day period

with known forcing functions

compared hourly measuredroom air temperatures with

predictions

P

! D !

" !

!

#

$

!

D ! #

$

!

%

&

D! '

!

D ! (

E ! ! !


21/24

How were the Results Presented?

Model Validation

21 of 24

Living Room 1

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0:01

03/27/07

0:01

03/28/07

0:01

03/29/07

0:01

03/30/07

0:01

03/31/07

0:01

1/4/07 0:00

0:01

2/4/07 0:00

0:01

3/4/07 0:00

Dateand Hour

Temperature

Living 1 - Predicted

Living 1 - Measured


22/24

22 of 24

How were the Results Presented?

Strategy AverageTemp (C)

Average RH(%)

PMV PPD (%)

xisting (measured) 17.3 31 -1.68 62

xisting (predicted) 16.9 54 -1.68 61

Reduced infiltration17.7 67

-1.43 47

Improved insulation17.2 53

-1.64 58

Sunspace18.6 73

-1.26 38

Sunspace plus improved insulation19.1 72

-1.01 27

Used validated model to investigate effects of

different strategies to increase indoor

temperatures and therefore thermal comfort


23/24

Outcome?Improving comfort levels in a traditional

high altitude Nepali house, Fuller,

Zahnd and Thakuri, 2009, Building andEnvironment, in press.

23 of 24


24/24

24 of 24

Conclusions

There are many types of research method

Your research question will guide the

selection of research method

The various research methods all haveadvantages and disadvantages

Often used in combination

ont forget to tell your reader why youchose the research method you have used

Wk4 Quantitative Bob Fuller

Documents

Transcript of Wk4 Quantitative Bob Fuller