Partnering for Systems Solutions

Wits Transnet Centre of Systems Engineering

“Partnering for Systems Solutions”

Wits TCSE VisionThe TCSE supports the Wits Vision 2022 Strategic Framework by becoming the leading Systems Centre in Africa to address the complex needs of our transforming society.

Wits TCSE MissionOur mission is to develop capability in Systems through education, research and engagement through projects with industry.

We partner for systems solutions through lifecycle to address significant challenges and opportunities across socio-technical and economic environments.

Partnering for Systems Solutions

Systems

Systems Thinking

Human Factors

& Safety Science

System Science &

Engineering

Information Science &

MathematicsNatural &

Applied Sciences

Systems Engineering

Economics & Business

Science

Social, Health & Human Sciences

1

Theoretical Foundations of Systems

Table of ContentsWits TCSE Vision 1Wits TCSE Mission 1TCSE Main Streams of Activity 2TCSE Structure 4Education and Training 5 Formal Learning 5 Wits MSc (Eng.) in Systems Engineering 6 Action Learning 7Research 7Project & Systems Lifecycle Processes 8Systems Engineering Competency Development Programme 10 TCSE Short Courses 11TCSE Speciality Systems Competencies 12 Human Factors and Safety Science 12 Mathematical and Operational Optimisation (Modelling & Simulation) 13Projects 14 Programme Management 15 Project Execution 16Advocacy 17

Telephone: +27 (0) 11 717 7448/93

Email: Info.tcse@wits.ac.za

Website: www.tcse.org.za

Physical Address: Wits University1st Floor, GenMin Lab BuildingBraamfontein West Campus2050

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Through applied Systems approaches and methodologies

Systems Approaches and MethodologiesSystems encourages the adoption, combination and adaptation of approaches and methodologies to comprehend and manage complexity; e.g.

System definition

Viewpoint analysis

Requirements management

Concept of Operations

Systems V-diagram

Soft Systems methodology (including Rich Pictures and CATWOE)

What is a System?“A ‘system’ is a construct or collection of different elements that together produce results not obtainable by the elements alone.

The elements, or parts, can include people, hardware, software, facilities, policies, and documents; that is, all things required to produce system-level results.”

Rechtin, E. (1999), Systems Architecting of Organizations: Why Eagles Can’t Swim

TCSE Main Streams of Activity

“Partnering for Systems Solutions”

Partnering for Systems Solutions

Situation Analysis

(Why)

System Definition

(What)

Systems Approaches & Methods

(How)

System

TRAINING AND EDUCATIONPostgraduate

UndergraduateShort courses

Workshops

PROJECTSStrategic

Operational

ADVOCACYAwarenessNetworkingMarketingSymposia

PARTNERSHIP DEVELOPMENT

CollaborationKnowledge Management

Ethical LeadershipCapacity Building

RESEARCHLong-termFocussed

Project-relatedPartnering for Systems Solutions

Innovation Required

DeadlinesDay job!

Manager

DAVE THE INNOVATOR

DAY JOB DAVE

Systems Thinking

System Science

Systems Engineering

Approaches

Approaches

Methodologies

Methodologies

Systems Thinking

System Science

Systems Engineering

Resources

Inputs

Goals

Other

System Definition

Education and TrainingEducation and Training activities are primarily focused on the development of knowledge and skills through formal and action learning.

Formal LearningThe TCSE supports the following formal learning initiatives in compliance with Wits University Rules:

Undergraduate lecturing in Systems Post-Graduate supervision and mentorship in Systems Training – Short courses/seminars/workshops Systems Post-Graduate studies as “Occasional Students” Wits MSc (Eng.) in Systems Engineering

TCSE StructureHoused within the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment (FEBE), the TCSE aims to develop sufficient academic capacity in Systems and feed adequate and capable learners into the demand stream to capacitate Transnet and other major SA enterprises.

Partnering for Systems Solutions

Director and Professor

Senior Manager Programmes

Chief Systems / Technology

OfficerAcademic Lead / Senior Lecturer

Speciality Systems Competency

Leaders

Human Factors & Safety Science

Mathematics and Operational

Optimisation

Formal Learning

Action Learning

Short Courses/ Seminars

Master Classes /Tutorials

Education(graduate and

post-graduate)

Collaborative Workshops

Facilitated Sessions

Post-Graduate Diploma in

Engineering - PGDip

Coursework only (designed as a means to potentially attain

a Masters at Wits should candidate have e.g. a BTech)

Master of Engineering

- MEng *

Mainly coursework based, with minor

investigation project contribution

* Students cannot progress from an MEng to a PhD.

Master of Science in

Engineering - MSc(Eng)

Combination of coursework and

research project, but may also purely be

research based

Doctorate- Phd

Normally purely research based

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Partnering for Systems Solutions

Wits MSc (Eng.) in Systems EngineeringCourse Structure: 4 Courses (20 credits each) Systems Engineering compulsory course At least 2 Systems Engineering elective courses Maximum of 1 course from MSc in Industrial Engineering or

MSc in Electrical Engineering electives

Research methods course (10 credits)

Research report (90 credits)

Action LearningThe application of Systems principles, making use of industry experience, that actively involves a small group working on real issues, taking action, and learning together as individuals, as a team, and as an organisation. The project control and management remains with the identified industry person.

ResearchTCSE Research centres on industry-led challenges and opportunities that supports the development, integration, testing and sustainability of systems, enterprises and services; specifically:

Informing best practice application to projects and operations

Providing a means to adopt, combine and adapt systems approaches and methodologies for successful design and development of systems

Underpinning effective integration of people, process and technology through lifecycle.

Systems Engineering Compulsory Course

Systems Engineering: Hard Systems Methodologies MECN7058

Systems Engineering Elective Courses

Systems Engineering Management MECN7053

Systems Engineering: Soft Systems Methodologies MECN7054

Requirements Analysis in Systems Engineering MECN7055

Systems Engineering: Architecture MECN7056

Systems Engineering: An Overview MECN7062

Systems Engineering – Modelling and Simulation: Principles and Approaches

MECN7063

Systems Engineering: Integration, Verification and Validation

MECN7064

Systems Processes

Lifecycle

Technical Management

Project Management

& Controls

Application Domain

Expertise

Industry 4.0

Systems 4.xProjects

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Partnering for Systems Solutions

Requirements Management

Interface Management

Integrated Technical

Management

Through Lifecycle

Engineering

Functional Analysis

Configuration Management

Risk Management

Design Synthesis

Trade Studies

Verification & Validation

Integrity of Analyses

Speciality Competencies

(e.g. Human Factors & Safety

Science)

Front End Research

Post Project Review

Situational Analysis

(Stakeholder /User Needs)

User Satisfaction & Handover/

Handback

Operations & Maintenance

Syst

ems

Life

cycl

e Pr

oces

sPr

ojec

t Lif

ecyc

le P

roce

ss

Decommission & Disposal

Performance Monitoring

Modification & Retrofit

Acceptance & Systems Validation

Installation & Systems

Verification

User Requirements & System Definition

Optioneering & System Requirements

Design

FeasibilityConcept ExecutionPre-Feasibility Finalise/ Close-out

Project PhasePre-Project Phase

Post Project Phase

Project & Systems Lifecycle Processes

Systems Engineering Toolbox

Partnering for Systems Solutions

Systems Engineering Competency Development ProgrammeThe Competency Development Programme is focussed at building knowledge and skills through formal learning and practical application through domain- and industry-specific application.

Systems Engineering Competency Development Programme

Formal Learning Domain Specific Experience

Aw

aren

ess

0 - 2 years

Supe

rvis

ed

Prac

titi

oner

3 - 5 years

Prac

titi

oner

5 - 10 years

Expe

rt

10+ years

Fascination with Systems Thinking Seminar

Fundamentals of Systems Engineering Short Course

Introduction of Systems Engineering Short Course

Graduate Level Short Courses (NQF-7)

Post-Graduate Level Short Courses (NQF-9*)

Post-Graduate Level Degree (NQF-9*)

* NQF Level 9 Short Courses could be credited for Masters degree purposes, if the short course was done for a Certificate of Competence and achieved at an appropriate level.

Systems Engineering Competencies

Systems Concepts

Super-System Capability Issues

Enterprise & Technology

Environment

Stakeholder Requirements Management

Systems Design

Validation

Systems Integration & Verification

Transition to Operation

Concurrent Engineering

Enterprise Engineering

Lifecycle Process Definition

Integration of Specialisms

Planning, Monitoring &

Controlling

Systems Thinking Holistic Lifecycle View

Systems Engineering

Management

Awareness

Supervised Practitioner

PractitionerExpert

Systems Engineering Competence

TCSE Short CoursesGraduate Level Short Courses (NQF -7)

Fundamentals of Systems EngineeringIntroduction to Systems EngineeringSystems Engineering PracticesAdvanced Systems EngineeringIntegrated Logistics SupportRequirements FormulationEngineering EconomyEarned Value ManagementInventory ManagementProcurement PracticesQuality as a Strategic WeaponAcquisition ManagementPrinciples of Project ManagementProject Lifecycle Management for ProfessionalsFundamentals of Human Factors in SystemsApplied System Dynamics Workshop

Postgraduate Level Short Courses (NQF -9)

Systems Engineering: Hard Systems Methodologies

MECN7058

Systems Engineering Management MECN7053Systems Engineering: Soft Systems Methodologies

MECN7054

Requirements Analysis in Systems Engineering

MECN7055

Systems Engineering: Architecture MECN7056Systems Engineering: An Overview

MECN7062

Systems Engineering – Modelling and Simulation: Principles and Approaches

MECN7063

Systems Engineering: Integration, Verification and Validation

MECN7064

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What is Systems Engineering? “Systems Engineering is a methodical, disciplined approach for the design, realization, technical management, operations, and retirement of a system.” Rechtin, E. (1999), Systems Architecting of Organizations: Why Eagles Can’t Swim

Partnering for Systems Solutions

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TCSE Speciality Systems Competencies

Human Factors and Safety Science

What is Human Factors?The International Ergonomics Association (IEA) defines Human Factors as:

“The scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance.” (IEA, 2016)

Improving Human & System Performance

Mathematical and Operational Optimisation (Modelling & Simulation)Mathematics and information science drawing on General Systems Theory and Systems Science for mathematical and operational optimisation in strategy, planning and execution.

Adapted from: International Association of Gas and Oil Producers (2011)

WO

RK

Nature of the work done

by the people

Climate, lighting, noise, temperature, health

hazard exposures

Users, Operators, Maintainers, support: characteristics,

capabilities, needs, limitations

Team structures, shift

schedules, responsibilities

HUMAN PERFORMANCE

PEOPLE

WORK ORGANISATION

ENV

IRO

NM

ENT

EQUIPMENT

Physical and mental

interaction with technology

and equipment

Typical Mathematical and Operational Optimisation Methodologies

Data mining

Decision making

System Dynamics

Complex adaptive systems

Computational intelligence

Computer modelling and

simulation

Mathematics and Operational

Optimisation Methodologies

Improved Employee

Performance

Increased Safety Human Factors

Benefits

Increased Reliability &

Maintainability

Improved System

Performance

Increased Economy & Production

Human Factors Methods: Education & training Ergonomic risk assessments Accident Investigations Mental workload assessments Fatigue management & shift work Alignment to Human Factors standards

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Partnering for Systems Solutions

1514

ProjectsBuilding on the foundations of Research, Training and Education; the TCSE develops individual, team and organisational Systems competencies through the application of Systems approaches and methodologies on Projects.

Programme ManagementThe appropriate System Development Lifecycle (SDLC) methodology is dependent on the type of project and the applicable technologies.

Typical approaches applied to projects are Staircase-, Spiral-, and/ or Concurrent-SDLC methodologies; as well as the Systems “Vee” Diagram.

“Vee” Diagram

Staircase SDLC Methodology

Needs

Requirements & Specifications

Conceptual, Logical

& Physical Architecture

SystemDesign

Integration & Verification

Validation

Systems Engineering

Management

Research and Development

Capacity Development

Digitisation

Operational Optimisation

Modelling and Simulation

Human Factors & Safety Science

Support and Advisory

Needs assessment Concept Selection Project Planning

Detailed Design

High Level DesignSub-system

Requirements

System Requirements

Concept of Operation

Systems Engineering Management Planning

Software Coding Hardware Fabrications

Unit Testing

Sub-system Verification Sub-

system Integration

System Verification System

Integration

System Validation Initial Deployment

Operations & Maintenance

Changes and Upgrades

Retirement / replacement

Adapted from Systems Engineering Guidebook for Intelligent Transportation Systems

* Competencies to make reference to relevant legislation, regulations, standards, policies and processes

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TCSE

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RESEARCH, TRAINING AND EDUCATION

SCIENCE: e.g. Mathematics & Information Science; Economics & Business Science; System Science & Engineering;

Social, Health & Human Sciences; and Natural & Applied Sciences

TCSE FOCUS AREA

PROJECT i

PROJECT ii

PROJECT... n

Concurrent SDLC Methodology

Spiral SDLC Methodology

Requirements

Planning

Evaluation Testing

Initial Planning

Analysis & Design

Implementation

Development

Review

Proto

type 1

Prototype 2

Simulation

Requirements

Requirements plan

Lifecycle plan

Requirement Validation

Models Benchmarks

DetailedDesign

ProductDesign

Prototype 3 Operational Prototype

Risk analysis

Risk analysis

Concept of Operations

Unit Test

Integration Test

Development plan

Develop, verify next-level product

Evaluate alternatives, identify, resolve risks

Determine objectives, alternatives and constraints

Analysis

Planning

Design

Implementation and ValidationPlan next phase

Integration and test plan

Design V&V

Service

Acceptance Test

Risk analysis

Risk analysis

Operations & Maintainance

Validation

Integration & Verification

Architectural Design

Requirements

AdvocacyThe TCSE participates in and develops various events, networks, collaborations and outreach through various professional bodies and interest groups – often in collaboration with local and international universities. Examples include:

International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE)

INCOSE South Africa Chapter

Ergonomics Society of South Africa (ESSA)

Southern African System Dynamics (SASD) Chapter

International Heavy Haul Association (IHHA)

South African Heavy Haul Association (SAHHA)

Southern African Systems Analysis Centre (SASAC)

Transport Forum

Project ExecutionProjects delivery draws on the resources of the TCSE, Wits University, other local education and research institutions and foreign research and technology networks; e.g. Control Systems, Mobile Applications, e-Enablement, Materials Handling, Value Chain, Supply Chain, Logistic Corridors, Rail Technology, High Voltage Systems, Energy Optimisation, Renewable Energy Sources and Capital Planning.

ANOTHER SYSTEM

REQUIREMENTS

PROGRAMME MAN-AGEMENT

OPTIONS LOG AND TRAINING

ENGINEERING, DEVELOPMENT AND

MANUFACTURING

PHYSICAL AND HW/SW DESIGN

FUNCTIONAL DESIGN

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

TESTINGANOTHER SYSTEM

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Partnering for Systems Solutions

Wits Transnet Centre of Systems Engineering

“Partnering for Systems Solutions”

Telephone: +27 (0) 11 717 7448/93

Email: Info.tcse@wits.ac.za

Website: www.tcse.org.za

Physical Address: Wits University

1st Floor, GenMin Lab BuildingBraamfontein West Campus

2050