Wisconsin Great Lakes Chronicle 2009eeinwisconsin.org/Files/eewi/2009/docview.pdf · 2017-12-17 ·...

Wisconsin Great Lakes Chronicle

2009

Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1Governor Jim Doyle

Finding Solutionsto a Mysterious HarborCorrosion Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . .2Gene Clark andKathleen Schmitt Kline

Marketing Wisconsin’s GreatLakes Tourism Experience . . . . . . .4Secretary Kelli A.Trumble

Lake Superior NationalEstuarine Research Reserve:Closer to Reality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6Travis Olson

Planning Brown County’s Parks . . .8Aaron Schuette

Disposal of Old Medicines . . . . . .10Steve Brachman

Small CommunityStormwater Management . . . . . . .12Sandra Dee Schultz-Naas

Wind on the Water . . . . . . . . . . .14Timothy Le Monds

2009 Wisconsin CoastalManagement Program Grants . . .16

Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . .20

C O N T E N T S

On the Cover

St. Louis River, Douglas County

Dear Friend of Wisconsin’s Great Lakes:

Wisconsin’s clean andplentiful fresh waters areintegral to our history,our culture and ourcommerce. Whether onestudies satellite images ofWisconsin’s Great Lakescoastlines, walks along abeach or drives throughone of our many coastalcommunities, it is easy tosee the impact the Great Lakes have on our regionand the greater global community. Together withthe other Great Lakes states and Canadianprovinces, the region is home to 100 millionpeople and the world’s third largest economy.

In Wisconsin, we are fortunate to have over 1,000miles of Great Lakes shoreline running from oursouthern to northern borders. Our coasts includelandscapes as diverse as urban river walks andwaterfronts, isolated parks and wilderness areas.More than just pretty places, our Great Lakesshores and waters form the foundation for muchof Wisconsin’s heritage and economy, whileproviding us with recreation and drinking water.

The Great Lakes are a key route to the world andwill continue to grow in importance to our region’seconomy in the years ahead. For generations, theGreat Lakes have been the doorway for our earliestcitizens and immigrants and the highway for theproducts of our mills, farms, factories and mines.

As Governor of Wisconsin and Chair of theCouncil of Great Lakes Governors, protecting andenhancing our Great Lakes is one of my toppriorities. I am proud of the major strides we havemade to build a long-term foundation to protectour Great Lakes.

In the last year, we have taken a number of stepsto ensure the future of Wisconsin’s Great Lakesresources. Working with the other eight Great Lakestates, two Canadian provinces and the UnitedStates government, we passed and ratified the GreatLakes Compact. The Compact protects coastalcommunities by creating standards for sustainablemanagement of Great Lakes waters.

Additionally, the Department of Administration’sWisconsin Coastal Management Program receivedhigh marks and praise following its latest federalreview and onsite evaluation. The State alsocompleted a revision of the Wisconsin Great LakesRestoration and Protection Strategy to guide ouractions into the future.

Despite these important steps forward, we stillhave work to do. Working together with privatecitizens and organizations, local and tribalgovernments, federal and Canadian governmentagencies, we will continue our efforts to protectthe Great Lakes.

Fortunately, we have a strong partner in thefederal government that has stepped up to help usprotect the Lakes. In President Obama’s 2010budget proposal, the administration calls for anunprecedented $475 million investment to cleanup contaminated sites, protect critical naturalhabitats and provide greater access to the GreatLakes. With this newly energized partner, we willlikely be able to highlight many more successes forthe Great Lakes in the years ahead.

In the 21st century, the Great Lakes continue tohelp define our state’s economy. In the years ahead,as freshwater needs grow throughout the rest of thecountry and world, the value of protecting ourGreat Lakes will become even easier to see. With thecooperative measures we have taken to safeguardthis invaluable resource, we have ensured that futuregenerations of Wisconsin residents will continue toenjoy our precious fresh waters.

Wisconsin Great Lakes Chronicle 2009 | page 1

F O R EWORDGovernor Jim Doyle

Chad Scott, a structural engineer and commerciallycertified diver, was on a routine port structureinspection dive in the Duluth-Superior Harborseveral years ago when he came face-to-face with aproblem—one big enough to put his fist through.

“I’ve seen some corrosion here and there atother Great Lakes ports, but nothing like this,”he recalled.

Further investigations found that corrosion iswidespread throughout the harbor with all typesof steel piling covered with pits and some withholes larger than a softball. By comparing olderand newer sheet pile installations, it was foundthat some steel structures designed to last fifty toone hundred years are now deteriorating at a ratethat would require repair or replacement in thirtyyears of service or fewer.

The accelerated corrosion could have significantfinancial and safety implications for the port thathandles the largest total cargo volume in theGreat Lakes. Over thirteen miles of steel sheetpiling are corroding around the harbor and if theproblem is not addressed soon, the structuralintegrity of the facilities may deteriorate to thepoint where the failing steel would have to becompletely replaced.

“This is potentially a very costly problem,” saidJames Sharrow, facilities manager of the DuluthSeaway Port Authority. “We have more than 100million dollars of possible repairs in our harbor tosteel that’s being damaged by corrosion.”

To begin a systematic approach to the problem,the Wisconsin and Minnesota Sea Grant programs,the Duluth Seaway Port Authority, the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers and the University ofMinnesota-Duluth formed a steering committeethat invited an independent group of experts tovisit the port. The specialists in corrosion,microbiology and chemistry came up with a listof possible causes of the corrosion as well asrecommendations for addressing the damage.

One possible cause they identified is thatmicroorganisms such as iron oxidizing bacteriacould be eating away at the steel, a phenomenonknown as microbiologically influenced corrosion(MIC). Researchers at the University ofMinnesota-Duluth have identified bacterialcommunities living on the corroded steel, butmore research is needed to prove conclusively thatMIC is the true culprit behind the corrosion.

While several studies continue to probe the causeof the aggressive corrosion, companion studieshave begun to investigate ways to protect newand existing steel structures from further damage.With support from the Wisconsin Coastal


Corros ion studies wi l l

produce alternat ives for

prolonging the usefu l

l ives of docks and

suppor t ing structures .

F I N D I NG SO L U T I ON S TO A MY S T E R I O U SH A R BO R COR RO S I ON P RO B L E MGene Clark and Kathleen Schmitt Kline

Management Program, Wisconsin Sea Grantinitiated several studies to investigate methods toslow down or stop the corrosion affecting steelstructures already in place with an eye towardsaving port and harbor infrastructure beforehaving to completely replace the damaged steel.

One common method for protecting steel fromcorrosion is to cover the steel with a protectivecoating. Several facilities around the Duluth-Superior Harbor had already been treated withcoatings, so the first study assessed anddocumented these coated areas to see how theywere holding up over time. These areas will beinspected yearly to determine which coatings havethe highest durability to withstand the scouringaction of ice, impacts from vessels and wave action.There are additional studies ongoing within theharbor to determine if new coating productscould work, especially in very severe ice conditions.

A second study explored three different optionsfor protecting steel structures from corrosion.Two types of jackets were installed on steel pilingsalready in place in the harbor. Jackets appear tobe promising techniques for extending thelifetime of originally unprotected steel that hasbeen attacked by the rapid corrosion, but is stillserviceable. The jackets will be monitored to seehow well they hold up against Lake Superior’sharsh winter ice conditions and protect thepilings from corrosion.

Another alternative option installed was a cathodicprotection system (CPS), commonly used in saltwater harbor facilities, but very uncommon infreshwater environments. CPS works bysacrificing anodes attached to the steel structurethey protect. The corrosion attacks the anodesand keeps the steel from deteriorating. VariousCPS configurations were installed in the harbor

on both coated and uncoated steel and will bemonitored to see if this is a financially viablemethod of protecting steel in a freshwater port.

The results of the studies are anticipated toprovide effective and affordable options forextending the life of steel structures around manyGreat Lakes port and marina facilities. Deeplypitted steel has also been observed in TwoHarbors, Minnesota, Thunder Bay, Ontario,Madeline Island and Bayfield, Wisconsin, and atlocations along Michigan’s Keweenaw Peninsula.

Because this type of rapid corrosion had rarelybeen seen previously in freshwater harbors,Wisconsin Sea Grant is working with the harborcorrosion committee to spread the word to otherGreat Lakes port authorities and marina ownersto examine their steel structures closely. Whilecorrosion problems around the region may havedifferent causes, the results of the studies will bebeneficial for all facility managers as they considerrepair alternatives for prolonging the useful livesof their docks and supporting structures.

For more information about the ongoing studies,visit www.seagrant.wisc.edu/coastalhazards.

Gene Clark is a coastal engineering specialist at the Universityof Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute. He may be reached at(715) 394-8472 or [email protected]. Kathleen SchmittKline is a science writer at the University of Wisconsin SeaGrant Institute. She may be reached at (608) 262-6393 [email protected].


There is no question that the Great Lakes are atremendous asset for Wisconsin’s tourismindustry. It is equally true that several of ourneighboring states also offer travelers Great Lakesexperiences. In the course of a recent two-yearbrand research process, we unearthed the realitythat parity travel products—such as the GreatLakes—on their own are not enough to create apreference for Wisconsin. But the collectivepersonality of Wisconsinites is.

The mission of the Wisconsin Department ofTourism is to inspire people to love theWisconsin experience. To accomplish that andbring much needed revenue to the State in theprocess, we have done what all good marketersdo: build a brand that is uniquely ours.

Travelers told us Wisconsinites have a knack forcreating extraordinarily fun, original andwelcoming experiences. They also view us ashardworking, genuine and true stewards of ournatural resources. Visitors cite those attributes asthe tie-break in choosing Wisconsin as theirvacation destination. That is our competitiveadvantage in marketing the Great Lakes.

The Wisconsin advantage is evident throughoutour coastal communities. For instance, manycities and villages offer original festivals thatflourish because of their very location on theGreat Lakes. However, it is their Wisconsin

personality that makes them shine. Milwaukee’sSummerfest is the world’s largest outdoor musicfestival, and its success is inextricably tied to itsLake Michigan shoreline venue and thehospitality of the people of Milwaukee.

The Department of Tourism is working withcoastal communities to enhance and promotethe Wisconsin experience. For example, Tourismwisely provided joint-effort marketing grants tothe Discover Wisconsin Harbor Towns projectthat promotes spring travel to a long list of GreatLakes cities including Racine, Kenosha,Manitowoc, Marinette, Sturgeon Bay andSuperior, and many points in between.

The Port Washington Maritime Heritage Festivalused Tourism grant dollars to turn what had beena small event into a spectacular weekend festivalresplendent with the appearance of five tall shipsthat drew an attendance of 27,000 and generatedvisitor spending nearing $1 million.

It should come as no surprise that some ofWisconsin’s most original thinkers invented brandsthat have to do with a day on the water. Some ofthe most notable include Evinrude Outboard,Mercury Marine, St. Croix Rods, Harken sailboathardware, and Carver, Cruisers and PalmerJohnson yachts. That originality carries forwardtoday with innovative travel products and servicesdirected at our visitors.


The col lect ive personal i ty

of Wiscons in i tes is our

compet i t ive advantage in

market ing the Great Lakes .

M A R K E T I NG W I S CON S I N ’ S G R E AT L A K E STOU R I S M E X P E R I E N C ESecretary Kelli A. Trumble

For instance, our tourism industry’s commitmentto sustaining the Great Lakes and Wisconsin’sother natural resources led the Department ofTourism to launch the nation’s first eco-conscioustravel initiative, Travel Green Wisconsin. Thisprogram certifies businesses that are doing theirpart to voluntarily reduce their environmentalfootprint and educate travelers on the State’sprecious resources.

Travel Green Wisconsin debuted just a few yearsago and already boasts more than 260 certifiedbusinesses. The list of certified businesses includesfive charter and ferry lines offering visitorsenvironmentally sounds choices for exploringand traveling the Great Lakes and the PortSuperior Marina Association, a marina located atthe entrance to the Apostle Islands Lakeshore.A myriad of resorts and bed and breakfasts thatrim the beautiful waters of the Great Lakes are

also members of Travel Green Wisconsin, eachdemonstrating the importance of preserving thelakes both to their businesses and our future.

Wisconsin originality is prevalent throughout ourcoasts. The Great Lakes inspired Wisconsinites tocreate the charming one-of-a-kind arts enclaves ofBayfield and Door County that attract hundredsof thousands of visitors each year. Milwaukee’sDiscovery World at Pier Wisconsin with itsincredible sailing school vessel, the S/V DenisSullivan, and Whistling Straits golf course,sculpted into the Lake Michigan coastline inSheboygan and host of the PGA Championship,both celebrate the beauty of Lake Michigan.

Whitefish Dunes State Park in Door Countyattracts more visitors than any other day-use parkin the State. And let us not forget the wonderfullighthouse tours that honor the heritage andromance of our Great Lakes.

A July 2008 study of travelers from Chicago andthe Twin Cities produced a list of their mostmemorable Wisconsin vacation activities, and sixof the top ten have ties to the Great Lakes—boating, swimming, fishing, sightseeing, campingand hiking. The economic ripple effect picks upeven greater momentum when one considersthose same travelers who participate in WisconsinGreat Lakes activities—such as boating andcharter fishing—also spend money on dining,shopping and lodging.

By celebrating the originality of Wisconsin’speople and the extraordinary experiences theyhave created, especially experiences on the pristinewaters and sweeping shorelines of the Great Lakes,we have built a preference for Wisconsin that lastyear translated to $13.1 billion in travelerspending, making tourism one of the top threeindustries in the State.

The State’s tourism industry also supported310,300 full-time job equivalents, and generated$1.5 billion in State government revenues and$664 million in local government revenues to fundeducation, public safety and other governmentservices. That is a predictable revenue stream for theState that we can all appreciate now more than ever.

Kelli A. Trumble is Secretary of the Wisconsin Departmentof Tourism. She may be reached at (608) 266-2345 [email protected].


Residents along Lake Superior’s coast will soonbenefit from the designation of the Lake SuperiorNational Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR) atthe St. Louis River freshwater estuary. The LakeSuperior NERR will be only the second reserveon the Great Lakes and among a national networkof 27 reserves designated by the National Oceanicand Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

The Lake Superior NERR is proposed to includeapproximately 15,000 acres of public land andwater centered on the City of Superior. Theanticipated designation of the Lake Superior NERRin 2010 will recognize the national significance ofthe St. Louis River freshwater estuary and lead toinnovative programs that will benefit residentsthroughout the Lake Superior region.

The Wisconsin Coastal Management Program(WCMP) has long supported the designation ofa Lake Superior NERR. A 2002 WCMP grantsupported an initial feasibility study by theUniversity of Wisconsin-Extension and TheNature Conservancy. The Wisconsin CoastalManagement Council in 2003 endorsedpursuing a reserve on Lake Superior. WCMPstaff assembled a multi-agency partnership forthe site selection process that resulted in thenomination of the St. Louis River.

The University of Wisconsin-Extension ispresently leading an extensive partnership ofgovernment agencies and organizations to developintegrated programs for research, education andresource stewardship at the Lake Superior NERR.Advisory committees are developing prioritiesthat will be incorporated into a management planto guide the work of Reserve staff for the nextfive years.

Research and monitoring of the St. Louis River andits watershed are of great interest to scientists andnatural resource managers. Research priorities at theLake Superior NERR will include preventing andcontrolling invasive species, restoring native plantsand animals (wild rice is of particular interest),measuring the effect of land uses on water quality,and predicting the effects of climate change onthe river and Lake Superior. Several monitoringstations set up in the Reserve will measure waterand air quality and link to a national data centerused by researchers throughout the world.

The Reserve will leverage existing researchprograms at regional and national institutions.The Wisconsin and Minnesota Sea GrantInstitutes have already issued a joint request forresearch proposals that focus on the St. LouisRiver. Future partners in research may includethe University of Wisconsin-Superior (a core


Designat ion of the

Lake Super ior NERR

wi l l recognize the

nat ional s ign i f icance

of the St . Louis River

freshwater estuar y.

L A K E S U P E R I O R NAT I ONA L E S T UA R I N ER E S E A R CH R E S E RV E : C LO S E R TO R E A L I T YTrav i s O l s o n

partner in the NERR), the University ofMinnesota-Duluth, the U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency Mid-Continent Division, theUniversity of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Great LakesWATER Institute, and the Wisconsin andMinnesota Departments of Natural Resources.The Reserve will also attract research from otherinstitutions through graduate research fellowshipsand a national research grant program.

The Lake Superior NERR will educate citizensand students about Lake Superior’s freshwaterestuaries and coastal resources. Onsite programswill provide opportunities for school field tripsand hands-on research projects, teacherworkshops and classes, and visitor education.Reserve programs will also reach students andresidents in community settings. As with researchprograms, the Reserve will utilize partnershipswith existing organizations such as schooldistricts, colleges and universities, local and tribalgovernments, aquariums, zoos and nature centers.

The Lake Superior NERR will also promotenatural resource stewardship of the estuary. All ofthe property within the proposed boundary ispublicly owned by one of four partner agencies:the City of Superior, Douglas County, theUniversity of Wisconsin-Superior and theWisconsin Department of Natural Resources.

Much of the Reserve consists of second-growthforest and wetlands that are characteristic of theSuperior Coastal Plain. The Reserve will bemanaged to protect the key features that make ita valuable setting for research and education, andfocus on restoring native ecosystems andcontrolling invasive species.

In addition to managing natural resources forresearch purposes, the Reserve will continue toaccommodate existing recreational uses. Hunting,fishing, boating, cross-country skiing, archery,bicycling and bird watching are some of theactivities that will continue within the Reserveboundaries. The Reserve partners are alsocoordinating with the Great Lakes Indian Fishand Wildlife Commission to ensure that tribalmembers continue to have access to off-reservationnatural resources.

Finally, the Lake Superior NERR will be a resourcefor the entire community. Area residents will beinvited to serve on advisory committees to provideinput on Reserve programs and management.Existing programs like the Water Action Volunteerprogram that measures and monitors water qualitywill continue and expand at the Reserve. Inaddition, research, education and stewardshipprograms will have a great need for adult andschool-aged volunteers in many capacities.

The Lake Superior NERR will soon be up andrunning with benefits to the Twin Ports regionand all of Lake Superior. Superior will be hometo an internationally important research program,unique education opportunities, continuedconservation of a freshwater estuary and a sourceof community pride and activity.

Travis Olson is a program and planning analyst with theWisconsin Coastal Management Program. He may be reachedat (608) 266-3687 or [email protected].


Brown County’s system of parks covers thespectrum of recreational opportunities. From oneof Wisconsin’s top-rated public golf courses, tothe natural beauty of L.H. Barkhausen CountyPark, to camping, fishing and boating at CecilDepeau Bay Shore County Park, to rollerbladingon the Fox River Trail, Brown County providescountless ways for visitors and residents to enjoythe outdoors.

Each of Brown County’s eighteen county-ownedparks and three state-owned and county managedrecreational trails fills its own unique niche. TheBrown County Park and Outdoor RecreationPlan: 2008-2013—funded in part through theWisconsin Coastal Management Program—willensure the needs of existing parks are met andfuture opportunities are properly planned.

The 2008-2013 Plan was prepared in 2008 bythe Brown County Planning Commission andthe Brown County Facility and Park ManagementDepartment with the assistance of a steeringcommittee. The Plan updates goals, objectives,policies and implementation activities identifiedin the original 2001 Brown County Park andOutdoor Recreation Plan.

In developing the Plan, the committee identifiedshort-term needs of each park and kept an eye onthe long-term goals of the County relating to newrecreational facilities and natural resourceprotection. Of particular importance to users ofcoastal resources are plans for improvements toL.H. Barkhausen County Park and Fort HowardPaper Foundation Wildlife Area located on GreenBay’s western shoreline, and Cecil Depeau BayShore County Park located on the eastern shore.

L.H. Barkhausen County Park and the adjoiningFort Howard Paper Foundation Wildlife Area arecritical to the Brown County Park System andthe overall water quality of Green Bay because oftheir proximity to the fragile coastal wetlandsassociated with the west shore of the bay.Although L.H. Barkhausen County Park is notlocated directly on the coast, it is comprised ofapproximately 475 acres of natural marsh,wildlife ponds, meadow and forest that drainthrough a series of small streams approximatelyone-half mile to the waters of Green Bay.

The West Shores Interpretive Center atBarkhausen is a former duck-hunting lodge andcontains a number of interactive displays relatedto the history of the site and the fragile ecology ofwest shore wetlands flora and fauna. Immediately


The Brown County Park

and Recreat ion Plan deta i l s

the current needs and

vis ion for a l l Park System

fac i l i t ies and tra i l s .

P L A NN I NG B ROWN COUNT Y ’ S PA R K SAaron Schuette

southeast of Barkhausen on the bay shore sits the440-acre Fort Howard Paper Foundation WildlifeArea also owned and managed by Brown County.Hiking trails traverse both parks to provide publicaccess to the perimeter and interior of thesebeautiful natural areas.

Specific recommendations in the Brown CountyPark and Outdoor Recreation Plan for L.H.Barkhausen County Park and the Fort HowardPaper Foundation Wildlife Area includeprotection, access and restoration activities,including:

• Adjacent bay shore property acquisition

• Expansion of a marsh overlook platform

• Parking lot and trailhead expansion at theFort Howard Paper Foundation Wildlife Area

• Restoration of a former agricultural field towetlands and wildlife habitat

• Restoration of a waterway to improve accessfor northern pike to critical spawning habitat

Cecil Depeau Bay Shore County Park is an 81-acre site on the rocky eastern shoreline of GreenBay where the Niagara Escarpment bluff meetsthe water. Scenic hiking trails follow the ledge ofthe Escarpment—a geologic formation createdover 400 million years ago by an ancient sea—

and provide breathtaking views of the waters ofGreen Bay. The Park offers an improved boatlaunch, refuge harbor and transient mooring forboaters as well as year-round camping andplayground facilities easily accessible from StateHighway 57.

The 2008-2013 recommendations for CecilDepeau Bay Shore County Park strongly supportimproving boating and fishing access to thewaters of Green Bay through:

• Construction of a fish cleaning station

• Repair and expansion of the existing harborbreakwater

• Improvement of the walkway on the harborbreakwater to improve accessibility for shorefishing

• Expansion of the existing boat launch

• Addition of restroom buildings

The L.H. Barkhausen County Park/Fort HowardPaper Foundation Wildlife Area and CecilDepeau Bay Shore County Park are only two ofthe eighteen county parks and trails consideredin the 2008-2013 Brown County Park andRecreation Plan. The Plan details the currentneeds and future vision for all Brown CountyPark System facilities and trails. With theassistance of the Wisconsin Coastal ManagementProgram, the completion of the Plan provideseligibility for Brown County to apply for variousstate and federal grant programs to implementthe overall vision through its detailedrecommendations.

While in the Greater Green Bay area, BrownCounty invites you to visit any and all of ourparks. Whether you want to stroll through theNortheastern Wisconsin Zoo, fish for world classwalleye on the Fox River, golf Brown CountyGolf Course, bicycle the Mountain-Bay StateRecreational Trail or simply relax and enjoy thesunset over the waters of Green Bay, BrownCounty has a park for you.

Aaron Schuette is a senior planner with the Brown CountyPlanning Commission. He may be reached at (920) 448-6480or [email protected].


Over the last several years, public attention hasincreased regarding the improper management ofold medicines. Consumers historically have beentold to flush their unused and or expired medicineswhen not needed. Broadly known as PPCPs(pharmaceutical and personal care products), theseemerging contaminants are increasingly showingup in the waters of Wisconsin.

Many wastewater treatment facilities lack theability to remove PPCPs prior to returningtreated water to lakes and streams. AlthoughPPCP levels found in waterways are very low anddo not seem to have an impact upon humanhealth, researchers from the University ofWisconsin-Milwaukee Great Lakes WATERInstitute and the U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency have found that even low levels alter fishbehavior and reproduction. It is nowrecommended that consumers and health careprofessionals discontinue flushing or dumpingdown the drain most old pharmaceuticals andpersonal care products.

Old and unused medicines pose other risks.Accidental ingestion by children and the elderly isa significant health issue in the United States withover 78,000 children less than five years of agetreated each year for medicine poisoning. Illegaluse or theft is an ongoing problem since

prescription drugs now account for the secondmost commonly abused category of drugs behindmarijuana and ahead of cocaine, heroin andmethamphetamine. Finally, unnecessaryaccumulation of unneeded medicines in healthcare facilities is both wasteful and costly.

As a result, there has been a great deal of activityto develop innovative programs to educate thepublic regarding alternative methods of disposalof old medicines. For example, communities areorganizing one-day collection programs similar toClean Sweeps that collect hazardous householdwastes. Typically operated by local governments,wastewater treatment plant operators,neighborhood pharmacies or local police, theseevents have grown in Wisconsin from only six in2006 to over sixty in 2008.

Although consumer response has been verystrong, one-day events have serious limitations.For example, many consumers find the eventsinconvenient due to sometimes long traffic linesand infrequent availability. Law enforcementagencies must attend the events—usually atsignificant cost—to manage controlled substancesaccording to U.S. Drug Enforcement Agencystandards. Finally, considerable mobilization timeand resources are required to publicize, market,locate and provide safe disposal for one-daycollection events.


Innovat ive programs may

protect Wiscons in ’s Great

Lakes from contaminat ion

by old medic ines .

D I S P O S A L O F O LD M ED I C I N E SSteve Brachman

In 2007, the University of Wisconsin-Extensionand the Wisconsin Department of NaturalResources formed a pharmaceutical wasteworking group to begin addressing these issues.Made up of local government officials, stateagency representatives and pharmacists, thisgroup recommended exploring new methods ofcollecting old medicines. Two potential modelshave emerged as a result—permanent collectiondrop-offs at household hazardous waste centers orpolice departments, and a pilot mail back program.

La Crosse County, for example, now operates amedicine collection program that utilizesdeputized County staff to receive and dispose ofunwanted medicines. Similarly, police and sheriffdepartments in Columbia County and Marshfieldplace secure drop boxes at their locations forongoing disposal.

An old medicine mail back pilot program hasserved as perhaps the most convenient collectionprogram to date. For many years, pharmacies,hospitals and drug manufacturers have utilizedreverse distributors to manage expired or recalledpharmaceuticals by simply shipping them back toa centralized facility for safe disposal. Capitalizingupon Wisconsin’s existing pharmaceutical returninfrastructure, the mail back pilot used CapitalReturns in Milwaukee to operate a hotline andmail back service for consumers in Waukesha andWinnebago Counties.

The program’s kick off in May 2008 utilized overone hundred pharmacies to post notices anddistribute package inserts notifying residents inthe two counties of the toll-free call center for oldmedicines. By contracting the call center,consumers were instructed which types ofmedicines could be accepted and provided ashipping container for return shipment. As aresult, over 1,700 households were able toconveniently ship back their old medicines duringthe eight-month pilot period.

But have these innovative efforts encouragedsignificant consumer behavior change? A recentsurvey of participants in the mail-back pilotindicated that consumer participation may lead toreal modifications in disposal practices. Forexample, eighteen percent of randomly sampledresidents of Winnebago and Waukesha Countieseither poured down the sink or flushed their oldmedicines, while only two percent of the mailback program participants continued thispractice. Thirty-six percent of the random sampleindicated that they stored old medicines in theirhome indefinitely or placed them in the trash asis, while less than five percent of the mail backprogram participants practiced similar behaviors.

Other steps are under consideration in Wisconsin’spursuit of safe alternatives for old medicinedisposal. One option would continue the mailback pilot program should the U.S. Drug

Enforcement Agency ease the ability of reversedistributors to accept and manage consumermedications. There also exists great interest inexploring product stewardship approaches tounwanted pharmaceutical disposal. For instance,model legislation in the State of Washingtonprovides for industry-funded disposal atpharmacies. In addition, the state pharmaceuticalsociety and others are exploring approaches tochange prescribing practices allowing smallerquantities to be more effectively utilized.

Regardless of the approach chosen, it is essentialthat Wisconsin’s Great Lakes be protected fromcontamination by old medications.

Steve Brachman is a solid and hazardous waste specialistat the UW-Extension Solid and Hazardous Waste EducationCenter. He may be reached at (414) 227-3160 [email protected].


Madeline Island—located in Lake Superior alongthe Bayfield Peninsula—is among the 22 ApostleIslands and home to La Pointe, one of Wisconsin’soldest communities. La Pointe was established asa French trading post as early as 1693 but washome to the Ojibwe people long before.

Today, about 250 people reside year-round inLa Pointe. During summer months, history,nostalgia and the promise of a unique islandexperience draw as many as 2,500 visitors per dayto this small unincorporated community.

This large influx of people and the town’sproximity to Lake Superior create significantnatural resource management issues. Of the mostserious issues, runoff events are aggravated by thefact that most visitors enter and exit the Islandby ferry at a single point.

Runoff from storm and snow melt negativelyimpact water quality if not properly treated. In1990, the International Joint Commissionrecommended the designation of Lake Superioras a demonstration area for zero discharge ofpersistent toxins. To carry forward thedemonstration, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michiganand Ontario entered into an agreement to formthe Lake Superior Binational Forum.

The Binational Forum set about to assess urbanstormwater impacts on the Lake Superior basin.Thirteen municipalities were studied and yearlyaverages determined for pollutants entering thebasin through storm drain systems. The studyfound that thousands of pounds of phosphorus,nitrates, lead, chlorides and other oxygenconsuming materials annually ended up in wetlandsand ultimately Lake Superior. In addition, almost34 billion pounds of solids found their way to theLake through storm drains.

The Town of La Pointe fully realized that a cleanLake Superior was vital to its economy and qualityof life. While not a large community, La Pointewanted to be part of the Binational Forum’s nobleeffort to reduce stormwater impacts on the lake.

La Pointe’s Town Road Foreman Keith Sowl knewfirsthand how tourism activity could aggravaterunoff events. After hearing about the BinationalForum goals and research in 2000, Mr. Sowl andformer Town Chairman Burke Henry discussedhow stormwater runoff from their communityimpacted Lake Superior and how best La Pointecould help reduce that impact.


La Pointe is doing i ts par t

to prevent pol lutants from

enter ing Lake Super ior.

S M A L L COMMUN I T YS TO RMWAT E R MANAG EM EN TSandra Dee Schultz-Naas

Armed with research and a plan, Mr. Sowl andMr. Henry worked with the Town Board to begina comprehensive upgrade of the stormwatermanagement program in La Pointe and atstrategic locations around the Island where heavytraffic was an issue. The Town placed a strongemphasis on improving public access whileinsuring that stormwater best managementpractices were included in all designs. Partnershipfunding from agencies including the WisconsinCoastal Management Program, the WisconsinDepartment of Natural Resources, the U.S. ArmyCorp of Engineers Section 154 Program, theAshland County Land & Water ConservationDepartment and neighboring communitieshelped make these plans reality.

Stormwater Management Upgrades andDemonstration Project. The absence ofsidewalks, curb and gutter, and limited space forparking contributed to a runoff managementproblem in the commercial area of La Pointe.Water ran quickly through the drainage systemdue to the lack of retention areas. Heavy foot andcar traffic denuded vegetation resulting insediment and pollutant transport through erodingditches and over unpaved parking lots. Gas, oiland other nonpoint pollutants were picked up byrunoff and deposited directly into coastalwetlands and eventually into Lake Superior.

The Town road crew addressed these issues byconstructing stormwater collection and transportsystems, curb and gutter, sidewalks and outfallprotection as part of a major upgrade nearestcoastal wetlands. At the same time, they solicitedLaurie’s Store for a stormwater best managementpractice demonstration project. Here they collectedroof water and directed it to a rain garden, addedgreen space to provide for infiltration of runoff,and used oil, debris and sediment collectors inthe stormwater intake drains.

Winter Public Access and StormwaterManagement. A 2.5-mile ice road connects LaPointe and Bayfield during the winter. With anestimated use of about 600 cars per day, Islandand mainland approaches contributed muchsediment to the Lake and became dangerous tonavigate. La Pointe and Bayfield improved theirrespective winter approaches to Lake Superior byincorporating sediment and erosion controlmeasures and rerouting runoff from the long,steep slopes that provide access from land to ice.

Public Access for Recreation and EmergencyServices. La Pointe is currently working ondeveloping a trail and boat dock at North Shore Parkon the north end of the Island. This new access willnot only improve public access to Lake Superior,but also provide a path for improved emergencyservices to assist boaters, ice fishers and campers.

While some of the faces and names have changed,the tiny community of La Pointe continues to doits part to curb pollutants from entering LakeSuperior. At just fourteen miles long and threemiles wide, Madeline Island is having a bigimpact on Lake Superior’s future. With the helpof many funding agencies, La Pointe has taken aproactive role in meeting the Binational Forum’szero discharge goals for Lake Superior, thegreatest of the Great Lakes.

Sandra Dee Schultz-Naas, CPESC, is a soil scientist at StableSolutions LLC. She may be reached at (715) 209-1006 [email protected].


Wisconsin has three primary native options forproducing electricity from renewable sources:wind, hydroelectric and biofuels. Exploring theserenewable energy sources has become increasinglyimportant given heightened concerns aboutglobal warming, the availability of fuel suppliesand price volatility.

The use of renewable energy in Wisconsin hasgrown in recent years due in large part to theestablishment of a renewable portfolio standard(RPS). This standard requires that ten percent ofthe state’s electricity be produced from renewablesources by 2015. Recently, Governor Jim Doyleand the Governor’s Task Force on GlobalWarming (Task Force) recommended expandingthe RPS to twenty-five percent by the year 2025,with ten percent of total retail electric salescoming from renewable resources within the state.

Due to its availability, wind generation isexpected to become a large component ofWisconsin’s renewable energy portfolio. Meetingthe state’s energy needs by generating electricityfrom wind provides significant environmentalbenefits compared to the use of fossil fuels. Thesebenefits include reduced dependence on non-native energy sources, reduced emissions of airpollutants and greenhouse gases, reductions in thegeneration of solid wastes, and little or no water

consumption. Despite these benefits, there existconcerns about using on-land wind resources forpower including reliability, relative costs, effectson wildlife and impacts on existing land uses.

Harnessing Wisconsin’s Great Lakes windresources offers several potential advantages overon-land wind projects. First, offshore windprojects have the potential to produce power ona large scale that may be more economical thanterrestrial wind projects due to the presence ofmore robust and consistent winds. Second, thesesame winds allow offshore projects to use largerturbines with a higher potential output thancould be used on land. In addition, offshoreprojects may produce fewer concerns aboutinterfering with existing land uses. Taken as awhole, these advantages have the potential tooffset the challenges, risks and higher initial coststhat might be expected with developing andoperating an offshore wind project.

In recognition of these benefits and the need toidentify potential concerns, the Task Forcerecommended that the Public ServiceCommission of Wisconsin lead a study group toinvestigate the feasibility of generating electricityfrom offshore wind resources on the Great Lakes.The study group found that offshore windprojects are technically feasible and represent onepotential approach to meeting a portion of the


The Great Lakes has

the potent ia l to create

s ign i f icant quant i t ies

of renewable energy

for Wiscons in .

W I ND ON TH E WAT E RTimothy Le Monds

state’s long-term energy needs. Other majorfindings in the study include:

• The development of wind projects in theGreat Lakes will require a coordinated effortby state and federal agencies, localgovernment, affected Indian Tribes andpossibly the Wisconsin Legislature.

• In the near term, the cost of energy generatedfrom offshore wind will likely exceed the costof energy generated from terrestrial windprojects. As offshore wind technology andoperational experience improve, the cost ofenergy from offshore wind may decrease.

• Offshore wind projects are technicallyfeasible in the near-shore areas of the GreatLakes with present day technology. Thereexist significant technological challenges withthe development of wind projects in deeperwater locations where the best project sitesmay be located based on wind resources andother considerations.

• Wisconsin’s existing transmission systemcould—without substantial upgrades—support the development of smaller-scaleoffshore wind projects of less than 600 MWthat are located near a city. Projects largerthan 600 MW may require more substantialupgrades to the existing transmission systemincluding developing new transmission lines.

The study also found that of the two lakes,Lake Michigan likely offers greater opportunitiesfor development of offshore wind projects andshould be the focus of any future efforts by theState. Wisconsin’s waters in Lake Superior are notextensive and a substantial portion is subject todevelopment or use restriction.

Any offshore wind project in the Great Lakes willneed to be large enough to take advantage ofeconomies of scale, and obviously larger projectswill require larger expanses of water. Europeanexperience with offshore wind projects hasdemonstrated that such projects typically requiremore area than comparable land-based windprojects due to the wind disturbance caused bymultiple rows of turbines. For example, theproposed Cape Wind project near Cape Cod,Massachusetts—with a proposed capacity of 468MW—would require 26 square miles toaccommodate 130 turbines.

The Public Service Commission of Wisconsinwill continue its investigation of offshore winddevelopment in the Great Lakes. Next steps willinclude collection of wind resource, wildlife andother ecological data, further research on thedevelopment of deep water foundations, anddiscussions with other states and Canada onprocuring a construction vessel for the Great Lakes.

Work will also begin with the WisconsinLegislature to consider statutory changes tofacilitate the development of offshore windgeneration on the Great Lakes.

While tapping the vast wind resources of theGreat Lakes has the potential to create significantquantities of renewable energy for Wisconsin,further investigation is required before movingforward with a large scale project that harnesseswind on the water.

Timothy Le Monds is director of governmental and public affairswith the Public Service Commission of Wisconsin. He may bereached at (608) 267-0912 or [email protected].


Project NameGranteeWCMP AwardProject DescriptionContact

Coastwide

Predicting and Reducing BacterialContamination at Great Lakes BeachesDepartment of Natural Resources$40,295Modify and link the Long-Term HydrologicImpact Assessment and Virtual Beach modelingtools into a single user-friendly decision-supporttool to support real-time prediction of E. coli levels.Mr. Adam Mednick, (608) 261-6416

St. Louis River Estuary Monitoring andAssessment ProjectLake Superior Research Institute$29,271Provide baseline monitoring and assessment forseveral sites within the St. Louis River estuaryusing volunteers trained and coordinated by apartnership between UW-Superior, UW-Extensionand the DNR.Ms. Sue O’Halloran, (715) 394-8525

Great Lakes State Natural Area BioBlitzesNatural Resources Foundation of Wisconsin$26,800Plan and host Great Lakes BioBlitzes at threeState Natural Areas in Kenosha, Douglas andDoor Counties in day-long events includingscientists, naturalists and the public.Mr. Jeffrey Potter, (608) 261-4392

Managing Invasive Species: Our CoastalRoadways and ParksTown & Country Resource, Conservation &Development, Inc.$25,000Train government land managers on implementingscientifically sound weed management practicesalong public roadways and within county andmunicipal parks.Dr. Jill Hapner, (262) 335-4802

Beach Contamination through Volunteer ActionAlliance for the Great Lakes$24,976Identify and address beach contamination throughthe use of citizen-based monitoring, demonstrationprojects, education and training.Ms. Stephanie Smith, (312) 933-0838

Technical AssistanceBay-Lake Regional Planning Commission$20,000Support coastal management activities andtechnical assistance to local governments in theBay-Lake region.Mr. Mark Walter, (920) 448-2820

Technical AssistanceNorthwest Regional Planning Commission$20,000Support coastal management activities andtechnical assistance to local governments in theLake Superior region.Mr. Jason Laumann, (715) 635-2197


2 0 0 9 W I S CON S I N COA S TA L MANAG EM ENTP ROGRAM GRANT S

Technical AssistanceSoutheastern Wisconsin Regional PlanningCommission$20,000Support coastal management activities andtechnical assistance to local governments in theSoutheast region.Dr. Don Reed, (262) 547-6721

Conservation Tillage in the Lake Superior BasinAshland County Land and Water ConservationDepartment$17,000Purchase a no-till seed drill for use by farmersand landowners in Ashland, Iron, Bayfield andDouglas Counties for pasture rejuvenation,reseeding, wildlife habitat enhancement, nativegrassland restoration, buffer installation andestablishment of cover crops.Mr. Tom Fratt, (715) 682-7187

Wisconsin Coastal GuideUniversity of Wisconsin Sea Grant Institute$16,911Produce several enhancements to the WisconsinCoastal Guide, a web mapping site that encouragesexploration of coastal attractions and culturalevents along the Great Lakes Circle Tour.Dr. David Hart, (608) 262-6515

Culvert Replacements on Fisheries andSediment DeliveryBad River Watershed Association$14,920Monitor fish friendly culvert installations at foursites in the Bad River watershed to evaluate howculvert replacements affect fish populations,stream habitat and sediment delivery.Ms. Michele Wheeler, (715) 682-2003

Lyme Grass Control at Coastal State NaturalAreas and State Parks/ForestsDepartment of Natural Resources$14,000Address a new invasive species of dune grass nearLake Michigan by inventorying rare plantlocations, removing lyme grass from five sites andmonitoring treatment results to improve futurecontrol efforts.Mr. Joe Henry, (920) 662-5194

Comprehensive Planning Data Acquisition andWebmapping SiteBay-Lake Regional Planning Commission$12,919Develop and maintain a complete, uniformdataset of land use and future land designs for theBay-Lake region.Mr. Mark Walter, (920) 448-2820

Bayfield County Aquatic Invasive SpeciesEducationBayfield County Aquatic Invasive Species Program$7,720Educate Bayfield County residents, K-12 schoolsand visitors on the problems posed by aquaticinvasive species.Ms. Stefania Strzalkowska, (715) 373-6167

Coastal Wetland InventoryDepartment of Natural Resources$90,691Convert aerial photographs to digital files forBrown and Door Counties and update wetlandmap changes for other coastal counties.Ms. Lois Simon, (608) 266-8852

Technical Assistance to Local Unitsof GovernmentDepartment of Natural Resources$389,230Support core waterway and wetland permittingstaff and local government technical assistance inthe three coastal regions.Ms. Lois Simon, (608) 266-8852

Ashland County

Ashland Waterfront Access Reclamationand EnhancementCity of Ashland$31,250Improve winter vehicular access and summer lakeaccess for paddlers to the lake, stormwatertreatment and other site amenities for pedestrianaccommodation.Ms. Brea Lemke, (715) 682-7041


Bayfield County

North Fish Creek Flood Flow and SedimentErosion ReductionUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison$10,240Monitor a dry detention installation site andstream gauges along North Fish Creek and presenta methodology for design and distribution of drydetention basins with the goal of decreasingerosion and sedimentation.Dr. John Hoopes, (608) 262-2977

Cornucopia Waterfront ProjectTown of Bell$10,000Upgrade public marina restrooms toaccommodate an increasing number of peopleusing the marina.Mr. William Sloan, (715) 742-3470

Brown County

Lower Fox River and Green Bay ShorelineWaterfront Redevelopment PlanBrown County Planning Commission$29,960Create a plan for the Lower Fox River and GreenBay shoreline to coordinate local, county, stateand federal efforts to redevelop the waterfrontconsistent with adopted county and localcomprehensive plans.Mr. Aaron Schuette, (920) 448-6480

Door County

Hidding PurchaseTown of Liberty Grove$50,000Acquire 6.8 acres with 214 feet of Green Bayshoreline adjacent to an existing Town boatlaunch and allow for safer and increased accessto Green Bay.Mr. Walter Kalms, (920) 854-2934

Portage Park Land ExpansionTown of Sturgeon Bay$50,000Acquire 4.9 acres with 424 feet of shoreline on LakeMichigan adjacent to Portage Town Park providingadditional opportunities for beach access withminimal facilities development or maintenance.Mr. Dan Cihlar, (920) 743-7844

Door County Public Beaches BestManagement PracticesDoor County Soil and Water ConservationDepartment$46,000Provide Door County municipalities with a cost-share incentive for the construction of structuraland non-structural practices to reduce the amountof stormwater contaminants from entering beaches.Ms. Amanda Brown, (920) 746-2214

Douglas County

Arrowhead Pier Reconstruction, Phase IICity of Superior$130,317Reconstruct Arrowhead Pier including a new pieron steel pilings with a composite decking system,railing, benches and lighting.Ms. Mary Morgan, (715) 395-7279

City of Superior Wetland EvaluationDepartment of Natural Resources$25,000Analyze the cumulative impacts of past wetlandslosses and potential future losses in the City ofSuperior.Ms. Nancy Larson, (715) 395-6911

Iron County

Protecting Lake Superior Resources in IronCounty –Phase IIIron County$24,500Correct zoning map inconsistencies and developnew zoning ordinance language to protect LakeSuperior resources.Mr. Mike Saari, (715) 561-3375

Milwaukee County

Erie Street PlazaCity of Milwaukee Department ofCity Development$75,000Construct the Erie Street Plaza in the Third WardNeighborhood as a sustainable garden intended tocomplement the features of the neighborhood.Ms. Alyssa Elver, (414) 286-5802


Warnimont Park Bluffs Access and ProtectionMilwaukee County Department of Parks,Recreation & Culture$42,320Provide for trail construction, a wood viewingdeck and interpretive signage in MilwaukeeCounty’s Warnimont Park and at the WarnimontBluff Fens State Natural Area.Mr. James Keegan, (414) 257-4775

Milwaukee River Bulkhead SurveyPort of Milwaukee$40,000Utilize results from an updated survey ofMilwaukee’s riverfront properties to set up, reviewand implement new bulkhead lines and propertydescriptions.Mr. Larry Sullivan, (414) 286-8139

Milwaukee’s Central Park Master PlanMilwaukee Riverkeeper$30,000Develop a master plan for recreational usage andenvironmental restoration of 800 acres that areadjacent to the Milwaukee River and currentlyprotected by a zoning overlay district.Ms. Ann Brummitt, (414) 287-0207

Atwater BeachVillage of Shorewood$21,579Restore and revitalize Atwater Beach through theconstruction of a community-built playgroundand boardwalk at beach level.Ms. Ericka Lang, (414) 847-2647

Oconto County

Boat Ramp ReconstructionCity of Oconto Parks Department$52,536Reconstruct eight city boat ramps on the OcontoRiver and Green Bay.Mr. Kale Proksch, (920) 834-7706

Oconto County GIS Wetland RestorationInventoryOconto County Land Conservation Department$22,237Develop a GIS inventory of 300 wetlandrestoration projects on private land to implementconservation programs and complete a coastwideinventory of private wetland restorations.Dr. Jill Hapner, (262) 227-6404

Ozaukee County

Little Menomonee Creek Wetland RestorationProject-Phase IIMilwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District$50,000Restore wooded wetlands and natural streambanksat a 103-acre site to increase potential floodstorage and improve water quality and wildlifehabitat.Mr. Robert Schermeister, (414) 225-2053

Bluff and Beach Profile Education and OutreachUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison$29,985Evaluate the impacts of a shore protection system atConcordia University using oblique video imagingtechniques, combined ground penetrating radar andsub-bottom profiling geophysical instruments.Dr. Chin H. Wu, (608) 263-3078

Rain Garden InitiativeOzaukee County Planning, Resources and LandManagement Department$9,000Establish seven rain garden demonstration sitesowned by Ozaukee County, the Villages ofGrafton and Fredonia and the Town of Cedarburg.Mr. Geoff Schramm, (262) 284-8270

Racine County

Potential Nonpoint Source Contributions inAmbient WatersCity of Racine Health Department$29,117Conduct parallel testing on surface water samplesalong the Root River and at North and ZooBeaches to continue research into quantitativereal-time polymerase chain reaction developmentand validation.Dr. Julie Kinzelman, (262) 636-9501

Root River Public AccessCity of Racine$9,890Provide access to the Root River by implementingpublic access plan recommendations includingboat launches, access and overlooks, adequatesignage and handicap accessibility to public canoeand kayak launches.Mr. Donnie Snow, (262) 636-9131


Wisconsin CoastalManagement ProgramJim DoyleGovernor

Michael L. MorganSecretary, DOA

Brian VigueAdministrator, Division ofIntergovernmental Relations, DOA

Harald (Jordy) JordahlDeputy Administrator, Division ofIntergovernmental Relations, DOA

Mike FriisLeader, Resource Policy Teamand Manager, WCMP

Travis OlsonWetland Protection & Land UsePlanning Coordinator, WCMP

Kathleen AngelFederal Consistency Coordinator, WCMP

Todd BreibyCoastal Nonpoint Control andEducation Coordinator, WCMP

Wisconsin CoastalManagement CouncilMayor Larry MacDonald, Bayfield, Chair

Todd Ambs, Wisconsin Departmentof Natural Resources

Robert Browne, Superior

Sharon Cook, Milwaukee

Patricia Hoeft, Oneida

James P. Hurley, University of WisconsinSea Grant Institute

Larry Kieck, Wisconsin Departmentof Transportation

Ken Leinbach, Whitefish Bay

Representative Cory Mason, Racine

William Schuster, Sturgeon Bay

Ervin Soulier, Odanah

Brian Vigue, DOA

Senator Robert W. Wirch, Kenosha

EditorJames M. Langdon, Deputy Administrator,Division of Enterprise Operations, DOA

ACKNOWL EDGM EN T S


The Wisconsin Coastal Management Program was established in the Department of Administration(DOA) in 1978 under the Federal Coastal Zone Management Act. The program and its partners work toachieve balance between natural resource preservation and economic development along Wisconsin’s GreatLakes coasts. The program thanks its principal federal partner, the National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, for the technical and financialsupport it provides on behalf of Wisconsin’s coastal communities.

Photographs

Page, Image, Source

Cover, St. Louis River, Michael Anderson

Contents, Sturgeon Bay, Travis Olson

1, Gov. Jim Doyle, Governor’s Press Office

2, Steel Corrosion, Gene Clark

3, Jacket Work, Gene Clark

4, Apostle Islands, Wisconsin Departmentof Tourism

5, Sheboygan, Wisconsin Department of Tourism

6, St. Louis River, Michael Anderson

7, St. Louis River, Michael Anderson

8, Bay Shore Park, Brown County PlanningCommission

9, Bay Shore Park, Brown County PlanningCommission

10, Commercial Fishing, Jeff Gunderson

11, Pharmaceutical Collection, City of Superior

12, Chequamegon Bay, Todd Breiby

13, Griggs Landing, Keith Sowl

14, Wind Turbines, Todd Spink(Courtesy of DOE/NREL)

15, Wind Farm, Ruth Baranowski(Courtesy of DOE/NREL)

16, Brule River, Mike Friis

20, Gathering Waters Festival, Todd Breiby

21, Ashland, Mike Friis

Back Cover, Martin Hanson, Paul G. Hayes

Back Cover, Phil Keillor, UW Sea Grant Institute

Wisconsin CoastalManagement Program

101 East Wilson StreetPO Box 8944Madison, Wisconsin 53708-8944(608) 267-7982http://[email protected]

Funded by the Wisconsin Coastal ManagementProgram and the National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration, Office of Oceanand Coastal Resource Management, under theCoastal Zone Management Act, GrantNA09NOS4190107.

The Wisconsin Coastal Management Program inthe Wisconsin Department of Administrationpublishes Wisconsin Great Lakes Chronicle. Itwelcomes, but is not responsible for, the opinionsexpressed by contributing authors.

Wisconsin Great Lakes Chronicle 2009 | page 21DOA-9743-P 09/2009

Wisconsin Great Lakes Chronicle 2009 is dedicated to the lives and works of Martin Hanson (left) and Phil Keillor,environmental lions who contributed greatly to the health and protection of the Great Lakes.

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