Wireless Technologies Group Presentation by:

Wireless Technologies

Group Presentation by:

Kevin Shaffer StandardsJill Young BluetoothDana Wiggins Wireless Personal Area NetworksDavid White Business Sector ApplicationsRobert Hambly Government ApplicationsAli Abedin Network ChallengesDouglas Newton SecurityKamal Al-Nasser CostsKofi Frimpong Future of Wireless

Wireless Standards

Kevin Shaffer

Standardization

Increases competition and lowers prices

Provides interoperability

Improves selection

Formal Standards Process is Slow

Collaboration may appear to violate anti-trust laws

Collusion may occur, but not be caught

Influential Groups IEEE

http://www.ieee.org/ ANSI

http://www.ansi.org/ ISO

http://www.iso.ch/ UL

http://www.ul.com/ FCC

http://www.fcc.gov/

ITUhttp://www.itu.int/

WiFi Alliancehttp://www.wi-fi.org/

WLANAhttp://www.wlana.org/

IETFhttp://www.ietf.org/

IEEE Wireless Standards

802 Series of Standards for Networking 802.11 WiFi

a, b, e, g, i 802.15 WPAN 802.16 BBWA

Local Area Networking 802.11b

11 Mbps top speed, subject to distance and interference (raw data rate)

CSMA/CA 2.4 GHz spectrum, public, microwaves,

cordless phones 802.11g

54 Mbps, compatible with ‘b’ 802.11a

54 Mbps, 5 GHz, also public spectrum

Initiatives in Standardization

Implementing security for WLAN 802.1X EAP

No. of Channels depend on allocations Japan 14 channels Europe 13 US 11

Personal Area NetworksPANs and WPANs

Jill Young

Background

The term personal area network (PAN) is meant to describe interconnecting personal devices: notebooks, cell phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs)

Untethered version => WPAN, can be viewed as a “personal communications bubble around a person. Within this bubble, which moves as a person moves around, personal devices can connect to one another.” 1

WPAN => mobile (versus, WLAN => portable) WPAN connection lasts only as long as it is needed; has a finite lifespan. Connections created by a mobile device are ad hoc and temporary; previous or future connections may or may not resemble devices to which it was or will be connected. Example: notebook computer may connect to a PDA for a moment; then to a digital camera; then to a cell phone; later it may connect to several of these devices simultaneously

WPAN Architecture IEEE Std. 802.15.1-2002 Based on the Bluetooth™ specifications

(Bluetooth is an industry specification for short-range radio frequency (RF)-based connectivity for portable personal devices)

Defines the lower transport layers [(Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP), Link Manager Protocol (LMP), baseband, and radio] of the Bluetooth™ wireless technology.

The IEEE 802.15.1 Task Group has reviewed and provided a standard adaptation of the Bluetooth specifications (version 1.1) medium access control (MAC) sublayer of the data link layer (DLL) and physical layer (PHY) (radio)

Bluetooth WPAN Technology uses a short-range radio link optimized

for small, lightweight devices Supports synchronous for telephony-grade voice

communication and asynchronous communication channels for data communication

Operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band, 1600 hops/s using 79 slotted channel packets of 625 s duration. Each packet is transmitted on a different frequency in the hopping sequence. A packet nominally covers a single slot, but can be extended to three or four. (Figure follows for a general format for a single slot payload).

Full duplex is enabled with a fast time division duplex (TDD) scheme

Topology - Piconet Can link to 8 devices; Can link to other piconets to

form a larger network. Master/Slave relationship - One device designated as

the piconet master and the other devices are slaves. The master controls the piconet, scheduling

frequencies and access control used by the master and the slaves.

All messages are sent from a slave to the master and from the master to a slave. The slaves do not communicate directly with each other.

All devices share the same frequency ranges so the network behaves in the same manner as a shared bus topology.

The master controls which channel will be used, so the master and the slave with which it is communicating are synchronized so that they both know which frequencies will be used at which point.

WPAN

Dana Wiggins

WPAN

A Wireless Personal Area Network is a system that allows independent data devices within mutual communication.

(Braley, R., Gifford, I., & Heile, R., 2000)

WPAN

Personal Network Provides Connection Infrastructure Handles Interactions Between

digital Devices

(Heile, 2000)

WPAN

Worldwide 2.4 GHz ISM Band 10 Meters in Diameter Range Range can be extended to 100 meters

(Braley, R., Gifford, I., & Heile, R., 2000)

WPAN

Disadvantages Less Available Power Association Problem Reduced Data Rates

(Fiskin, K., Partridge, K., & Chatterjee, S., 2002)

WPAN

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) has increased the speed of Wireless Personal Area Networks from 1MBps to 55MBps.

(IEEE Increases Speeds for WPAN Networks, 2003)

WPAN

Speed Increase From 1MBps to 55MBps

"We created the standard in response to the strong demand from end users and manufacturers who want to interconnect portable devices without undue expense yet transfer multimedia, still digital images and audio content in home networks,'' said Robert F. Heile, IEEE 802.15 working group chair.

(IEEE Increases Speeds for WPAN Networks, 2003)

Corporate Wireless Applications and Initiatives

David T. White

Overview of Industry Utilization and Implementations

Corporate Deployments – Strong demand, lagging use

University Campus - Represents the highest daily usage

Public Retail Usage – Continued growth, next largest

Home Wireless - Currently the smallest user base

Hewlett-Packard Co.

Implementations:

Company-Wide Deployment Internally

Wireless Access Point Deployment in Common Areas

Performance: 11Mbps for a Range of 150 Feet

Device Type Usage:

Notebooks

PDA’s (IPAQ)

Blackberry

Hewlett-Packard Co. cont.

Implementation Benefits and Detail:

Limited Hardwiring Needed

Immediate Information When Mobile

Reduced Response Times for Support Teams

Single Signon (Same as Primary Account)

Seamless Roaming (Inside Buildings)

On-Campus Access Limitations

Starbucks

Infrastructure from Compaq / HP T-Mobile ISP Access Accounts Wireless access in over 2000 locations VPN company access if available Limitations on IM Security

3044 Access Points Account Cost $29.00

Locations: Borders Books (1000 Locations) Starbucks (2300 Locations) American Airlines Clubs (500 Locations)

Consumer Wireless Access Points

Access Point Distribution

Government Applications

Robert Hambly

The Basics

Mobile, Wireless, Mobile-Wireless

Mobile – capable of moving or being moved.

Wireless – without wires.

Almost all mobile devices are wireless, but wireless devices are not always mobile.

30% of Federal Government Employees are Mobile

2004 – 60% of Federal Government Employees carry or own three (3) mobile devices.

2004 – USASOC (5/7)

E-Government

2004 – 6 Billion Wireless Devices (PDA, computers, phones, GPS, etc.)

Third World Nations – Bypassing Wired Connections

University of Maryland Center for e-Service and Rockbridge Associates (Peoples’ Choice – Government Web Sites)

E-Government Strategy Report (OMB-2002) – “primary focus of the ‘expanding E-Government’ initiative is on citizen service – to make it easy for citizens to obtain services…”

E-Government Technology Requirements

Ubiquitous Interactivity

Mobile and Wireless

Handy and Available

Personal (tracked to an individual vs. department)

Location Aware (tracking when on)

Technology Implications

Accessibility – access to Government services and agencies at any time and from any place.

Individuals can be targeted specifically and reached by a Government agency instantaneously.

Global War On Terrorism (GWOT).

Invasion of Privacy.

Strategies for Successful Wireless Adoption

Dependent on Four (4) Factors:

Extent of Mobility in Target Segment

Information Access Needs

Security/Privacy Requirements

Technology Readiness of the Target Segment

Harvest the “Low Hanging Fruit”

“Low Hanging Fruit”

Sacramento Police Department: 800MHz radio network allowing data networking and helicopter video downlink.

New Jersey Parking Enforcement: Hand-held devices print parking tickets and send information directly to DMV database.

Edmonton, Alberta: Building Inspectors use mobile devices to enter inspection reports directly into database.

Centers for Disease Control (CDC): GPS-equipped devices collect data on bio-terrorism related incidents.

Network Challenges

Ali Abedin

Current Wireless LAN Challenges

Security Challenges

Roaming User Challenges

Configuration Challenges


Security Challenges

Infrastructure Vulnerability to potential data thief.

Service Set Identifier (SSID) is a weak security.

Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) algorithm lacks a key management protocol.


Roaming User Challenges

Maintaining Network Connectivity.

Network Access Permissions across subnets.


Configuration Challenges

Multiple different network configurations

References

White Paper by Tom Fount, Microsoft Corporation, Published: July 2001, Retrieved from World Wide Web: 04/15/2003.

http://www.microsoft.com/windowsxp/pro/techinfo/planning/wirelesslan/default.asp

The Wireless LAN Alliance: www.alan.com

The Wireless LAN Association (WLANA): www.wlana.org

Wireless Networking Security

Douglas Newton


Service Set Identifier (SSID): The SSID, also called the network name,

ensures that only wireless network devices configured with the same SSID are permitted access to the network.

The SSID name is included in the header of every data packet broadcast in the wireless network’s coverage area.


MAC filtering: MAC address filtering is a mechanism that

limits user access to the wireless network. Access to the wireless network is limited

based on the physical, hard-wired address of the units’ wireless network adapter.

A table stored in the wireless access point lists the MAC addresses that are permitted to participate in the wireless network.


Wireless Equivalency Privacy (WEP) encryption: WEP encryption must be enabled to ensure that

data is secured while in transit over the airwaves.

It uses standard 40-bit encryption to scramble data packets.

WEP provides a level of authentication based on the wireless node’s MAC address.

It works on the Data Link layer and the Physical layer of the OSI model.


Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA): WPA serves as a sort of security protocol

upgrade to WEP-enabled devices. It offers security enhancements such as an

encryption key integrity-checking feature and user authentication through the industry-standard Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP).

Wireless Cost and Business Justification

Kamal Al-Nasser

Wireless Cost and Business Justification

Overall driver is to lower TCO. Initial construction of network

environments. Ongoing maintenance.

Increase end-user and IT productivity.

Wireless Cost Case StudyInterviews for this study were conducted with

wireless LAN users in the following industries:

Education: In-building K-12, University/College connectivity, Healthcare (Point of Care)

Manufacturing:Production, Distribution, Maintenance, Shipping, Receiving.

Retail: Point of Sale Financial/Office –Automation: Stock

Exchange, Banking, Consulting

http://wlana.org/learn/roi.htm

Wireless Cost Case Study

Real-Time Access to Information. One of the consistent findings of this study was: How end-users benefited from real-time

information. 97% of respondents said they either

strongly agree or agree that the wireless LAN contributed to the speed in which they completed a task requiring real-time or near real-time access to information.

Wireless Cost Case Study 89% of the companies experienced a successful

implementation. 92% of respondents interviewed believe there

is a definite economic and business benefit after installation.

92% of respondents reported that they will continue to deploy wireless technology in their network through 2000 because of the benefits experienced by end users and/or IT staff.

Payback was less than one year, across all industries surveyed.

The survey combines both telephone and written responses from 34 organizations


The percentages for wireless LAN expenses, by category, were as follows: WLAN Hardware/End User Devices: 50% Monthly expenses: 1%% Management expenses: 16% Application development expenses: 16%

Outsourcing: 16% Downtime: 1%


With large investments in wireless LAN technology at approximately $300,000 to $4.2 million dollars per year

Organizations implementing an average of 300 client cards reaped annual savings of up to $4.9 million, which translated into per user savings of $15,989.

Across all industries, the wireless LAN paid for itself within 12 months time.

Future of Wireless

Kofi Frimpong

Wi-Fi: Wireless Technology That Matters

Future Outlook Wi-Fi technology, also called 802.11, provides high-speed wireless Internet

access in many locations around the world called Hotspots, including airports, cafes, corporate offices, universities, factories and homes.

Providers: Boingo Wireless, HereUAre Communications, Joltage, FatPort, and Surf and Sip. T-Mobile and AT&T Wireless have joined and Sprint PCS and Verizon Wireless say it is an important part of their 3G wireless strategy.

Eg. Starbucks, Newark Liberty airport; McDonalds in Idaho ( http://www.iwifi-here.com/WiFi-Locations.htm)

Recent test – Airport WiFi tested at 205MPH (330kph)in Tokyo by NEC(http://www.macworld.co.uk/news/main_news.cfm?NewsID=7114)

Wi-Fi Growth Predictions - Standards 802.11g – variant of 802.11a but uses same 2.4 GHz frequency as

current Wi-Fi 802.11i - addresses security weaknesses inherent to the technology 802.11h – aimed at meeting regional needs. Will add some capabilities

to 802.11a that allows it to meet certain frequency-regulation requirements in Europe.

802.11j – Also aimed at meeting regional needs. Will adapt 802.11a for Japan.

Wi-Fi: Wireless Technology That Matters

Wi-Fi Hardware Solutions future developments will be shaped by the following issues:

(1) the continued growth and evolution of dual-mode 2.4/5GHz capable equipment,(2) Intel’s ability to push outs its Banias mobile platform, which includes a Wi-Fi mini-PCI solution, and(3)the shift toward 802.11g as the preferred 2.4 GHz WLAN technology.

IOGear – the connectivity and peripheral specialist, current and future products. http://www.iogear.com/

Wireless-G USB 2.0 Flex AdapterRotates 300 degrees in any direction and pivots 180 degrees for optimum reception. Plugs into the USB port to leave your CardBus slots free for other devices.

Wireless-G Notebook Network Card

Low profile antenna leaves room for other Card Bus connections to operate simultaneously. Software Access Point included for systems running Windows XP.

Wireless-G Broadband Gateway/Print Server

An all-in-one wireless access point, router and print server for both small and home office users. Surf the Internet, share files, chat with your friends, and print... Wirelessly!

Wireless Metropolitan-Area Networking(WiMAN)

WirelessMAN IEEE 802.16(a) enable computers to

communicate wirelessly over kilometers

WiMAX Forum – Industry group of about 25 companies including Intel and Nokia formed to promote the new technology.

Compatible product should be available by end of 2004.

VOIP on WLANs

VOIP involves implementing digital voice telephony over an Internet Protocol (IP) connection, typically a LAN, or the interconnection of LANs carrying voice traffic via WANs.

Point-to-point and all-IP through a network connection, or gateways can be used to convert between VOIP signals and traditional telephone conversations.

“Point Coordination Function” mechanism of 802.11 standard is being improved by IEEE 802.11e Working Group to further enhance the performance of time-bounded packets within a wireless LAN.

Analyst predict VOIP on WLANS will be major driver of WLANS installations over next couple of years.

VOIP product already exists from Cisco (Cisco Wireless IP Phone 7920 – uses IEEE 802.11b - http://www.cisco

.com/en/US/products/hw/phones/ps379/ps5056/index.html) Spectralink (Netlink e340 and i640 Wireless Telephones - http://www.spectralink.com/) Telesym(SymPhone System– Delivers high-quality voice communication on Laptops,

PCs and Pocket PC mobile devices with 802.11 wireless IP networks). Available http://www.telesym.com/.

Wireless Network Initiatives

Wireless for the Disabled (Technology Review: MIT ‘s mag., Dec. ’03/Jan. ‘04)

Researchers at the Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Mobile Wireless Technologies for Persons with Disabilities at the Georgia Institute of Technology are adapting wireless technology to aid millions of disabled people worldwide. Target is on wireless aids for mobility, vision, and hearing impairments.

Captioning device – movie theatres: PDA’s, mini monitor on eye glasses, Remote Gesture Controls – Will allow the manipulation of switches and buttons with

a wave of a hand. Audio Navigator – Will help the vision impaired using a GPS sensor mounted with

preprogrammed routes.

Pharmacy on a chip - an under-skin pharmacy on a microchip Chip has tiny reservoirs that can hold different types of medicine as well as

varying doses of the same medicine Can be programmed to release drugs at specific time intervals, and it

could also change the way we think about medical recording.

Upcoming Events Wi-Fi Planet Conference & Expo, December 2 - 5, 2003 at the McEnery Convention

Center in San Jose, Calif., where Margaret LaBrecque, marketing manager in Intel's Broadband Wireless division and the president of the WiMax Forum, will discuss how WiMax will work in conjunction with 802.11 in a panel called "Fatter Wireless Pipes: How do they Fit into the Wi-Fi Landscape.

References

Beyond patches and pills: the remarkable future of drug delivery. Available: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-11/acs-bpa112502.php. Last modified November 25, 2002.

Genesis Of An Anthill: Wireless Technology And Self-Organizing Systemshttp://www.acm.org/ubiquity/views/e_andersen_8.html

IEEE Advances Wirelesss MAN Standard. Available: http://www.wi-fiplanet.com/news/article.php/1577591. Last modified January 31, 2003

McDonald’s WiFi Locations in Idaho. Available http://www.iwifi.us/hotspots/mcdonalds-wifi-locatiions-in-Idaho.htm

VOIP on WLANs. http://wireless.itworld.com/4285/031030voip1/page_1.html. Last modified October 31, 2003.

WiMAX: The Critical Wireless Standard. Available: http://www.arcchart.com/pr/blueprint/pdf/BluePrint_WiFi_REPORT_I.pdf. Last modified October 2003

Wireless for the Disabled. Available: Technology Review (MIT). December 2003/January 2004.

Wireless Technologies

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Wireless Technologies Group Presentation by:

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