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Wireless Sensor Networks Rob Roosendaal, Lecturer INHolland University.
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Wireless Sensor Networks Rob Roosendaal, Lecturer INHolland University
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Transcript of Wireless Sensor Networks Rob Roosendaal, Lecturer INHolland University.
Wireless Sensor Networks
Rob Roosendaal, LecturerINHolland University
Agenda
Introduction Theoretical Background Practical Information Wrap up and questions
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Our projects
Alzheimer's disease ADL: Activities in Daily Life Acceptance of technologies How to measure progress in ADL Tablet as interface for easy acceptance Sensor technology for detection Sensor communication Collecting data
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Crawling the web
Alzheimer's disease Human computer interaction Programming Android tablets Connectiong devices to a tablet Wireless Sensor Networks
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Alzheimer's disease Memory loss that disrupts daily life Challenges in planning or solving problems Difficulty completing familiar tasks at home to work or at
leisure Confusion with time or place Trouble understanding visual images and special
relationships New problems with words in speaking or writing Misplacing things and loosing the ability to retrace steps Decreased and poor judgement Withdrawl from work or social activities Change in mood and peronality
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Framework for Disseminating Data
Establish communications message (What should be said?)
Define the audience (To whom should it be said?) Select the channel (Through what communication
medium?) Market the message (How should the message be
stated?) Evaluate the impact (What effect did the message
create?)
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Principles and Practice of Public Health Surveillance (Teutsch and Churchill, 2000)
Wireless Sensor Network
A wireless sensor network (WSN) of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions and to cooperatively pass their data through the network to a main location. The more modern networks are bi-directional, also enabling control of sensor activity.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_sensor_network
Measuring physical parameters Acoustic, sound, vibration Automotive, transportation Chemical Electric current, electric potential, magnetic, radio Environment, weather, moisture, humidity Flow, fluid velocity Ionizing radiation, subatomic particles Navigation instruments Position, angle, displacement, distance, speed, acceleration Optical, light, imaging, photon Pressure Force, density, level Thermal, heat, temperature Proximity, presence Sensor technology Other sensors and sensor related properties and concepts
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This is only a summarized list, the complete list of sensors you can use is about 400 items long !
Measuring physical parameters Focusing on healthcare, domotics and personal
environment
Which sensors do we have?
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Points of interest
Autonomous sensors Physical or environmental conditions Cooperatively pass their data Through the network to a main location (Bi-directional, control of sensor activity)
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IT
Autonomous sensors
Sensing + Processing + Communication Prone to failure Energy drain Resource limitations:
– Memory, Power, Processing Sensor network architectures:
– Layered, Clustered
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Cooperatively pass their data
Receive or transmit Transmit if data has to be
sent Single-hop
– Close by– Lower transmission rate
Multi-hop– Higher transmission rate– Less nodes available
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Data-gathering wireless sensor networks: organization and capacity,Enrique J. Duarte-Melo, Mingyan Liu
Through the network to a main location Wireless and wired network parts Distributed routing, different routing protocols Adapting to changes in connectivity Real-time communication, connection
oriented! Quality of Service Security
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Structure/Backbone (HW)
Hardware aspects– basic aspects (CPU, memory, radio)– specific sensors aspects (what type of signals are
you measuring?)
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Structure/Backbone (SW)
Software aspects– Operating system– Network stack aspects
MAC layer aspects Network layer aspects Transport layer aspects Application aspects
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Equipment
Tablet, running the app Static computer for developing Wireless sensor network to gather data and
sent data to the tablet Wireless network for the tablet to comunicate
with the internet Server for monitoring the app (compressed
data)
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Wireless Sensor Node (1)
Sensor nodes1. sensor technology 2. tiny battery driven computers 3. wireless communication interface4. organize into a network 5. monitoring of processes, environmental conditions,
events6. act as routers 7. forward data cooperatively
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Wireless Sensor Node (2)rroosend@xs4
all.nl
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Wireless Sensor Node (3)rroosend@xs4
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Clustered sensor network architecture Organizes the sensor nodes into clusters Each cluster is governed by a cluster-head Only heads send messages to a BS Suitable for data fusion Self-organizing
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Layered sensor network architecture Short-distance, low power Unified Network Protocol
Framework (UNPF) Integrates three operations:
– Network Initialization & Maintenance Protocol
– MAC Protocol– Routing Protocol
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Network Initialization & Maintenance Protocol Base Station (BS) broadcasts ID using Code Division
Multiple Access (CDMA) common control channel (BS reaches all nodes in one hop)
Nodes record BS ID & send beacon signal with their own IDs at their low default power levels
All nodes the BS can hear are at 1-hop distance The BS broadcasts a control packet with all layer one
node IDs All nodes send a beacon signal again The layer one nodes record the IDs they hear-layer 2 The layer one nodes inform the BS of the layer 2 The BS broadcasts the layer2 nodes IDs,… To maintain: periodic beaconing updates are required
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Routing Protocol
Downlink from the BS is by direct broadcast on the control channel
Enables multi-hop data forwarding to the BS
The remaining energy is considered when forwarding to the next hop (layer)
Only the nodes of the next layer need to be maintained in the routing table
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Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) Self-organizing and adaptive clustering
protocol Evenly distributes the energy expenditure
among the sensors Performs data aggregation where cluster
heads act as aggregation points Two main phases:
– Setup phase: organizing the clusters– Steady-state phase: deals with the actual data
transfers to the BS
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Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH)
Merits:– Accounting for adaptive clusters and
rotating cluster heads– Opportunity to implement any
aggregation function at the cluster heads
Demerits:– Highly dynamic environments– Continuous updates– Mobility
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Efficient Data Gathering in WSN Data gathering from different correlated
– cues from the network stateuses hints or cues about the physical environment to optimize network behavior
– energy-efficient rooted aggregation treesa simple, scalable and distributed correlation-aware aggregation structure
– congestion reduction techniquesproviding congestion control from the sink to the sensors in a sensor field
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Medium Access Control
Framing– Frame format and data en- and decapsulation
Medium Access – Which devices participate in communication at what
time Reliability
– Successful transmission between devices Flow Control
– Prevent frame loss through buffer overloads Error Control
– Error detection or correction
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Location discovery?
Distance estimation– Techniques to estimate the relative distance between
nodes Position computation
– Calculate coordinates based on known other nodes– Triangulation, multilateration, proximity
Localization– Based on information about distances and positions
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The internet of things is close!
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What we can do:– Acquired data– Reports or alarm notices – Automatically forwarded to
information systems
What we can do with this technology:– Extending the internet into the
real-world– Autonomous Information Systems
Automatically update themselves Synchronize with the actual state of
monitored structure or process
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The internet of things is close!
What we can do with this technology:– Near-real-time information
enables early intervention Prevent abnormal behavior Malfunction Damages Dangerous situations
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The internet of things is close!
Typical application domains:– Home care and e-health (or t-
health)– Environmental monitoring – Factory automation and
maintenance– Supply chain and asset
management – Physical security and control– …
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The internet of things is close!
Wireless Sensor Network
Coalesenses– Wireless Sensor Technology– Wireless Sensor Modules– Wireless Sensor Solutions– Solar Power Harvesting– Wireless Sensor Devices– ...
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http://www.coalesenses.com/
Wireless Sensor Modules
The iSense modular hardware and software platform for wireless networks for industry and research applications comprises modules for wireless networking, sensors modules, different power supplies, solar power harvesting, interfaces to PCs, GPS and more.
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Wireless Sensor Solutions
Based upon a broad range of hardware, software and protocol components as well as our different networking devices, coalesenses offersboth standardized as well as customer specific wireless sensor networking systems.
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Solar Power Harvesting
The iSense Solar Power Harvesting System is an out-of-the-box solution for running self-powered wireless sensor networks. By harvesting solar energy and storing it in a rechargeable battery, it allows to operate sensor nodes all-time autonomously
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Wireless Sensor Devices
coalesenses offers a number of different devices as building blocks for wireless systems, ranging from LAN gateways over repeaters to USB sticks.
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Wireless Sensor Technologycoalesenses offers a collection of hardware and software for wireless sensor networks, a technology for literally giving eyes and ears to modern control and information systems.
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Wrap up
Environment: – Health, Alzheimers– Domotics, Wireless Sensor Networks– IT, Tablet and internet connection
Main question:– How can we add value to the life of a patient with
Alzheimers
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What is next?rroosend@xs4
all.nl
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Questionsrroosend@xs4
all.nl
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