Wireless Sensor Networking and Control: Trends and Applications Chih-Yu Wen Department of Electrical...

Wireless Sensor Networking and Control:

Trends and Applications

Chih-Yu Wen

Department of Electrical Engineering

Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering

National Chung Hsing University

2

Outline

Introduction Trends and Applications Design Principles Conclusion and Future Direction

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Today’s Wireless Themes

Ubiquitous communication with focus on interoperability, plug-and-play, IP

Self-organizing networks and low power High quality AV streaming Positioning & Location

- Ubiquitous communication

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- Self-organizing Networks

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- High quality AV streaming

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- Positioning

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The Disappearing Computer (1/2)

More and more processors are not on desktops Processors in cars, in cellular telephones, in toys Even the computer itself can “dissolve” into an

entertainment system - digital TV screen and speakers - CPU on shelf - wireless keyboard on lap

The Disappearing Computer (2/2)

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Home Computer of Tomorrow

Flat wall screens for TV/computer in many rooms Connected to an out-of-sight CPU by LAN Multiple speakers embedded in/around screen for

3D sound effects Screen can act as an (open) window

when not in use Natural input interface -- voice/pointing (no

keyboard needed)

Home as A Computer (1/2)

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Home as A Computer (2/2)

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House as a Web Site (1/2)

Processors in various appliances All networked (locally, and to wireless hub) Appliances can communicate with outside world - Security system calls you or police - “Smart recycling bin” orders more food Can log onto your house site to control them - Turn heat up - Turn coffeemaker on (already a reality)

House as a Web Site (2/2)

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Cars of Tomorrow

GPS to know position Wireless connection to obtain traffic conditions Sensors:

- distance to cars / people / obstacles

- indoor/outdoor temperatures

- road traction Screen to show sensor readings / maps Radio used for warnings / directions Automatic controls based on sensor readings

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Future Car

Intelligent Transport Systems (1/2)

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Intelligent Transport Systems (2/2)

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Wireless Communication-Based Transport Information System (1/4)

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Sensors for/in the Body (1/2)

Digital jewelry: DCPU in watch, speaker in an earring, camera in glasses

Scenarios: (salesmen) Identifies person approaching, whispers their

name, position to you (repair trainee) Identifies machine parts, projects visual

instructions on glasses Assumes powerful vision/voice recognition Embedded microsensors

Track vital signs, blood levels For at-risk people: sick, old, mountain climbers

Sensors for/in the Body (2/2)

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (1/4)

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28Ming-Feng Wu and Chih-Yu Wen, “A Novel Shuttle Walking Model Using Networked Sensing and Control for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Preliminary Study,” The 6th International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare - PervasiveHealth 2012 , San Diego, CA, USA.

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Ambient Intelligence (1/2)

Intelligent environments of all kinds: Highways

- Where are the traffic jams? Airports

Who is entering/leaving high-risk areas? Large high-rise office complexes

- Are there problems with heat/AC anywhere? Oceans

Is a Tzunami on its way? People

Ambient Intelligence (2/2)

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Minority Report

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Opportunistic Communications

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Pervasive Computing (1/3)

Computation in service of our needs: Personal: Entertainment, daily activities, travel,

house monitoring Companies: Work efficiency, building monitoring Scientific/medical: remote training / diagnosis,

monitoring oceans Governments: security, automatic gathering of

statistics

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Computing made easy

- Interaction through natural modalities

- Interaction during natural activities Computing made invisible

- Hidden in objects of everyday use

- Distributed

- Embedded in environments

The computing paradigm for 21st century

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Sensors

Essential part of pervasive computing Computation

A small embedded computer with limited processing power and memory

Communication: LAN, Wireless, Infrared / sound

Sensing Temperature, pressure, magnetic field, noise levels, chemicals,

etc.

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So Why Sensor Networks?

A Bridge to the Physical World Environmental Protection Health Care Smart Environments Industrial Process Control Military Battlefield Awareness Disaster Recovery

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Advantages of Sensor Nets

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Advantages of Sensor Nets

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Outline


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The 802 Wireless Space

Data Rate (Mbps)

Ran

ge

ZigBee802.15.4 802.15.3

802.15.3a802.15.3c

WPAN

WLAN

WMAN

WWAN

WiFi802.11

0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000

Bluetooth802.15.1

IEEE 802.22

WiMaxIEEE 802.16

IEEE 802.20

(Reproduced from ZigBee Alliance)

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Can existing systems satisfy design goals?

P2P: DHT Gnutella

Data Correlation Vs DecentralizationN

one

Tem

pora

lS

patia

l

Centralized Hierarchical Fully Distributed

WebCaches

CentralizedData

Collection

Geo-SpatialData Mining, Streaming

Media (MPEG-2)

WirelessSensor Networks

Exp

loit

ed

Data

C

orr

ela

tion

Degree of Decentralization

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Embedded Networked Sensing Apps Micro-sensors, on-board

processing, wireless interfaces feasible at very small scale--can monitor phenomena “up close”

Enables spatially and temporally dense environmental monitoring

Embedded Networked Sensing will reveal previously unobservable phenomena

Seismic Structure response

Contaminant Transport

Marine Microorganisms

Ecosystems, Biocomplexity

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Imagine (the CASA version)…. (1/4)Imagine (the CASA version)…. (1/4)

Noontime: all clear DCAS systems monitor 3D

winds, 0 to 3 km high “clear-air” winds provide

basis for pollutant monitoring, migratory bird tracking

Dense network of radars - distributed collaborative adaptive sensing (DCAS)

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Imagine…. (2/4)Imagine…. (2/4)

2PM: solar ground heating wind convergence zones form DCAS pattern detection

algorithms detect convergence

data archiving begins radars automatically tasked to

sample moisture fields around convergence zone

models generate predictions, provided to local emergency managers for planning

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3PM: severe weather Clouds, precipitation develop in

convergence several zones DCAS radars adjust, provide fine-

scale measurements, precipitation estimates in critical areas

skies to south clear, but DCAS systems monitoring 3D temperature, moisture to assess potential for future thunderstorms

rotational signatures cause nearby radars to enter tornado tracking mode

location, intensity, projected path provided to community, state organizations, industry. Because of 2PM predictions, officials prepared

spawned tornado destroys two radars, nearby DCAS radars reconfigure

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5PM: storms move south to Houston

.. as predicted by continuously monitoring DCAS systems

rainfall begins, DCAS systems reconfigure to map precipitation at fine resolution

DCAS measurements feed hydrological models

local, state, organizational emergency response teams are in action and prepared well in advance of flood waters..

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Approach to Habitat Monitoring

Forest Observations

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Military Applications of Smart Dust

Homeland Security

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Security

HVAC

Lighting Control

Access Control

Lawn & Garden

Irrigation

Asset Mgt

Process Control

EnvironmentalEnergy Mgt

Patient monitoring

Fitness monitoring

Security

HVAC

AMR

Lighting Control

Access Control

TV

VCR

DVD/CD

RF Remotes

ZigBeeWireless Control that

Simply Works

RESIDENTIAL/LIGHT

COMMERCIAL CONTROL

CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

PC & PERIPHERALS

INDUSTRIALCONTROL

PERSONAL HEALTH CARE

BUILDING AUTOMATION

Chart Copyright ZigBee Alliance 2004

WSN Application Markets

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Outline


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Sensor Hardware

Location finding system Mobilizer

Power unit

Analogy to digital

converter

Sensor

Processor

Storage

Transcevier

Sensing unit

Processingunit

Power generator

Figure 1-1 The component of a sensor node

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Embedded Sensor Nets: Enabling Technologies

Embedded Networked

Sensing

Control system w/Small form factorUntethered nodes

Exploit collaborativeSensing, action

Tightly coupled to physical world

Embed numerous distributed devices to monitor and interact with physical world

Network devices to coordinate and perform higher-level tasks

Exploit spatially/temporally dense, in situ/remote, sensing/actuation

無線感測網路的運作無線感測網路的運作分成三大要項：

(1) 感測行為 (2) 嵌入式元件 (3) 網路架構。

在嵌入式系統的發展之下，我們可透過許多無所不在的感測元件來監控周遭的環境，

利用網路技術來協調與整合感測資訊，將無線感測網路應用於日常生活之中。

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Embedded Wireless Sensor Networks

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Network Topology

Micro-sensor network for remote sensing

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Management of Collaborative Group

The conceptual layers in sensor networks

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Core Challenges

Infrastructure-less Energy Efficiency Wireless Communication Data Fusion Dynamics

Adaptive and Self-Configuring network adjustment and re-tasking

Robustness and Fault Tolerance

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Limited Computation and Data Storage

Sensor design Multi-objective sensors single (a few)-objective sensors.

Cooperation among sensors Data aggregation Data interpretation

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Sensor Nets: New Design Themes Self-configuring systems

adapt to unpredictable environment dynamic, messy (hard to model), environments

preclude pre-configured behavior Leverage data processing inside the network

collaborative signal processing achieve desired global behavior with localized

algorithms (distributed control) Long-lived, unattended, untethered, low duty

cycle systems energy a central concern

感測網路之設計原則 (1/4)

感測網路設計之目標 (1)對網路應用所能提供的服務品質 (Quality of Service (QoS)) (2) 網路資源的使用效率 (3) 網路的擴充性。

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感測網路規劃之原則1. 分散式網路組織

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2. 網路內部之資料處理

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3. 適應性的感測精確度

4. 資訊為中心的網路架構

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Application-specific Constraints

Material Constraints Bio-Compatibility Inconspicuous Imitative to environment Detect-proof: e.g. stealth flight

Secure Data Communications Regulatory Requirements –such as FDA

Secure Data Communications

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感測網路之通訊協定 (1/2)

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感測網路之通訊協定 (2/2)

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Discussions

Unique solution to all applications exists? Most important considerations in designing:

Cost? Resource allocation? Manageability? Timeliness? Re-tasking? … Scalability? Millions of sensor nodes?

Next generation sensor nets?

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Tendency of Sensor Networks

Scaling Up Sensor Networks [Zang, 2004]

1-1000 1000-10M >10M

Number of embedded devices

Tomorrow

Today

Cen

tral

ized

Con

trol

dis

trib

uti

on

Dec

entr

aliz

ed

Traffic light control

Networked health careSmart

buildings

Networked transportation

Automated factories

Office computing Asset tagging

and tracking

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Design Your Smart Home

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A Sensor Application at NCHU

• Si represents the location of sensor node i. (i: 1 ~ 9) • BS is the location of the base station (control center).

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WSN at NCHU

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Sensor Mote

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Sensor Network Platforms

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Sensor Tasking and Control

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Data Management

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Sensor Application in EE

System Architecture

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Measurements

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感測器濕度變化

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17:52:48 18:00:00 18:07:12 18:14:24 18:21:36 18:28:48 18:36:00 18:43:12 18:50:24時間

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溫度

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Wireless Sensor Networking and Control: Trends and Applications Chih-Yu Wen Department of Electrical...

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Transcript of Wireless Sensor Networking and Control: Trends and Applications Chih-Yu Wen Department of Electrical...