Wireless Power Transmission

University of NyalaFaculty of Engineering ScienceDept. Electrical and Electronics

Paper presented in the scientific confrence supervised by the department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering.At: April 25, 2013

Wireless Power TransmissionPresented byAbdalrahman Musa Hussein MohamedReg. No: 07/23616/34Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

OverviewWhat is wireless power transmission(WPT)?Why is WPT?History of WPTTypes of WPTTechniques to transfer energy wirelesslyAdvantages and disadvantagesApplicationsConclusionReferences

April, 25, 2013Wireless Power Transmission3What is WPT?The transmission of energy from one place to another without using wiresConventional energy transfer is using wiresBut, the wireless transmission is made possible by using various technologies

Wireless Power Transmission4April, 25, 2013Why not wires? As per studies, most electrical energy transfer is through wires. Most of the energy loss is during transmissionOn an average, more than 30%In India, it exceeds 40%

Wireless Power Transmission5April, 25, 2013Why WPT?ReliableEfficientFastLow maintenance costCan be used for short-range or long-range.Wireless Power Transmission6April, 25, 2013HistoryNikola Tesla in late 1890sPioneer of induction techniquesHis vision for World Wireless SystemThe 187 feet (57m) tall tower to broadcast energyAll people can have access to free energyDue to shortage of funds, tower did not operate

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April, 25, 20137History (contd)Tesla was able to transfer energy from one coil to another coilHe managed to light 200 lamps from a distance of 40kmThe idea of Tesla is taken in to research after 100 years by a team led by Marin Soljai from MIT. The project is named as WiTricity. Wireless Power Transmission8April, 25, 2013

Energy CouplingThe transfer of energyMagnetic couplingInductive couplingSimplest Wireless Energy coupling is a transformerWireless Power Transmission9April, 25, 2013Types and Technologies of WPTNear-field techniquesInductive CouplingResonant Inductive CouplingAir IonizationWireless Power Transmission10April, 25, 20131. Inductive Coupling5/20/2015Wireless Power Transmission11

2. Resonant Inductive Coupling5/20/2015Wireless Power Transmission12

3. Air Ionization5/20/2015Wireless Power Transmission13

Far-field techniques5/20/2015Wireless Power Transmission14Microwave Power Transmission (MPT)LASER power transmission

Far-field energy transferRadiativeNeeds line-of-sightLASER or microwaveAims at high power transferTeslas tower was built for this

Wireless Power Transmission15April, 25, 2013Microwave Power Transfer(MPT)Transfers high power from one place to another. Two places being in line of sight usuallySteps:Electrical energy to microwave energyCapturing microwaves using rectennaMicrowave energy to electrical energyWireless Power Transmission16April, 25, 2013MP T (contd)AC can not be directly converted to microwave energyAC is converted to DC firstDC is converted to microwaves using magnetronTransmitted waves are received at rectenna which rectifies, gives DC as the outputDC is converted back to ACWireless Power Transmission17April, 25, 2013MPT (cntd)5/20/2015Wireless Power Transmission18

Fig. Functional Block Diagram of Wireless Power Transmission System18LASER transmissionLASER is highly directional, coherentNot dispersed for very longBut, gets attenuated when it propagates through atmosphereSimple receiverPhotovoltaic cellCost-efficientWireless Power Transmission19April, 25, 2013Solar Power Satellites (SPS)Wireless Power Transmission20April, 25, 2013

SPS (contd)To provide energy to earths increasing energy needTo efficiently make use of renewable energy i.e., solar energySPS are placed in geostationary orbits

5/20/2015Wireless Power Transmission21SPS (contd)Solar energy is captured using photocellsEach SPS may have 400 million photocellsTransmitted to earth in the form of microwaves/LASERUsing rectenna/photovoltaic cell, the energy is converted to electrical energyEfficiency exceeds 95% if microwave is used.

Wireless Power Transmission22April, 25, 2013RectennaStands for rectifying antennaConsists of mesh of dipoles and diodesConverts microwave to its DC equivalentUsually multi-element phased array

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April, 25, 2013Rectenna in USRectenna in US receives 5000MW of power from SPSIt is about one and a half mile long (1.5 mile)Wireless Power Transmission24

April, 25, 2013LASER vs. MPTWhen LASER is used, the antenna sizes can be much smallerMicrowaves can face interference (two frequencies can be used for WPT are 2.45GHz and 5.4GHz)LASER has high attenuation loss and also it gets diffracted by atmospheric particles easilyWireless Power Transmission25April, 25, 2013Advantages of far-field energy transferEfficientEasyNeed for grids, substations etc are eliminatedLow maintenance costMore effective when the transmitting and receiving points are along a line-of-sightCan reach the places which are remoteWireless Power Transmission26April, 25, 2013Disadvantages of far-field energy transferRadiativeNeeds line-of-sightInitial cost is highWhen LASERs are used, conversion is inefficientAbsorption loss is highWhen microwaves are used, interference may ariseFRIED BIRD effectWireless Power Transmission27April, 25, 2013ApplicationsNear-field energy transferElectric automobile chargingStatic and movingConsumer electronicsIndustrial purposesHarsh environmentFar-field energy transferSolar Power SatellitesEnergy to remote areasCan broadcast energy globally (in future)

Wireless Power Transmission28April, 25, 2013ConclusionTransmission without wires- a realityEfficientLow maintenance cost. But, high initial costBetter than conventional wired transferEnergy crisis can be decreasedLow loss In near future, world will be completely wirelessWireless Power Transmission29April, 25, 2013Referenceshttp://cleantechindia.wordpress.com/2008/07/16/indias-electricity-transmission-and-distribution-losses/Nikola Tesla, The Transmission of Electrical Energy Without Wires as a Means for Furthering Peace, Electrical World and Engineer. Jan. 7, p. 21, 1905POINT-TO-POINT WIRELESS POWER TRANSPORTATION IN REUNION ISLAND 48th International Astronautical Congress, Turin, Italy, 6-10 October 1997 - IAF-97-R.4.08 J. D. Lan Sun Luk, A. Celeste, P. Romanacce, L. Chane Kuang Sang, J. C. Gatina - University of La Runion - Faculty of Science and Technology.Goodbye Wires: Approach to Wireless Power Transmission, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, Volume 2, Issue 4, April 2012).Wireless Power Transmission30April, 25, 2013References(contd) How Micro Ovens Work A Cooking Oven for the 21st century. By Gabriel Gache, Website: www.howstuffworks.comMichael Shu, Wireless Power Transmission, Submitted as coursework for PH240, Stanford University, Fall 2011, Dec 9,2011 at link: http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2011/ph240/shu2/Wireless Power Transmission A Next Generation Power Transmission System, 2010 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 8887) Volume 1 No. 13.Future Electricity Transmission without Wires G.S. Radhakrishnan, S. Ashwin Renganath and S. Murugappan, International Conference on Computing and Control Engineering (ICCCE 2012), 12 & 13 April, 2012Wireless Electricity Transmission Based On Electromagnetic and Resonance Magnetic Coupling, International Journal Of Computational Engineering Research (ijceronline.com) Vol. 2 Issue.31April, 25, 2013Wireless Power TransmissionTHANK YOU!32April, 25, 2013Wireless Power Transmission