Wireless next wave – 4G

8/2/2019 Wireless next wave – 4G

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/wireless-next-wave-4g 1/22

Submitted to:

Computer ScienceDepartment

Submitted by:

Damini gargCR – 08/196



Outline

1. Previous Technologies – 1G, 2G, 3G

2. What is 4G ?

3. How 4G Works – Architecture, AdHoc, IP core, OFDM

4. Technologies used

5. Impact of 4G – economic, socio-cultural, political

6. Cconclusion

7. References



Previous Technologies



A wireless access technology and is the successor of 3G.

Called "3G and Beyond".

Enables seamless roaming between technologies.

All network elements are digital.

Higher bandwidths to provide multimedia services at lower cost(up to 100Mbps).

Tight network security.

Entirely packet-switched networks.

What is 4G?



Fourth Generation Technology

•Faster and more reliable – 100 Mb/s (802.11g wireless = 54Mb/s, 3G = 2Mb/s)

•Lower cost than previous generations

•Multi-standard wireless system – Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless (802.11x)

•Ad Hoc Networking

•IPv6 Core

•OFDM used instead of CDMA

•Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n – Most information is proprietary

What is 4G ? (contd.)



•Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

•Allows for transfer of more data than other forms of multiplexing (time,frequency, code, etc)

•Simplifies the design of the transmitter & receiver

•Allows for use of almost the entire frequency band – No gaps to prevent interference needed

•Currently used in WiMax(802.16) and Wi-Fi(802.11a/g)

OFDM



A form of multi-carrier modulation, works by dividing the

data stream for transmission at a bandwidth B into N multiple

and parallel bit streams

Parallel symbols : multiple access, Narrow frequency:

Long symbol time: it makes easier for the receiver to pulling

each one of the symbols even if the signal degrades somewhat

OFDM (contd.)



How OFDM works:

.The frequencies are spaced so that the signals do not interfere with each other(no cross talk)

•Parallel Data Transmission -Allows for the sending of multiple signals

simultaneously from the same antenna (or wire) to one device – Each

transmission has a different stream of bits



W - OFDM

Data encoded on multiple high-speed radio frequencies concurrently.

greater security

efficient use of bandwidth

minimize interference with adjacent networks.

Wideband OFDM

Invented by Wi-LAN

Large spacing between carriers

More immune against power fading



MC- CDMA

• Users are multiplexed with orthogonal codes todistinguish users in (multi-carrier) MC-CDMA

• each user can be allocated several codes

LAS – CDMA

• enables high-speed data

• increases voice capacity



What is Ultra Wideband?

Radio technology that modulates impulse based waveforms instead of

continuous carrier waves

ImpulseModulation

3 10 GHzfrequency

U l t r a w i d e b a n d

C o m m u

n i c a t i o n

Time-domain behavior Frequency-domain behavior

time

1 0 1

(FCC Min=500Mhz)

FrequencyModulation

2.4 GHz N a r r o w b a n d

C o m m u n i c a

t i o n

0 1 0 1



Ultra Wideband Characteristics

•Extremely low transmission energy ( less than 1mW)

•

Very high bandwidth within short range (200Mbps within 10m)

•Extremely difficult to intercept – Short pulse excitation generates wideband spectra – low energy densities – Low energy density also minimizes interference to other services

•Multipath immunity

•Commonality of signal generation and processing architectures

•Radar – Inherent high precision – sub-centimeter ranging – Wideband excitation for detection of complex, low RCS targets

•Geolocation/Positioning

– Sub-centimeter resolution using pulse leading edge detection – passes through building blocks, walls, etc. (LOS not required)

•Low Cost – Nearly “all-digital” architecture – ideal for microminiaturization into a chipset

•

Frequency diversity with minimal hardware modifications



Local Multipoint Distribution Service (LMDS)

• Local multipoint distribution service (LMDS)-Fixed broadband technology that can provide a wide variety ofwireless services

High-speed Internet access Real-time multimedia file transfer Remote access to local area networks Interactive video, video-on-demand, video conferencing Telephone service

-Can transmit from 51 to 155 Mbps downstream and 1.54 Mbps

upstream Over a distance of up to about 5 miles (8 kilometers)



LMDS (cntd.)



Advantages of 4G:

o Support for interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, Internet,

and other broadband services

o High speed, high capacity, and low cost per bit

o Global access, service portability, and scalable mobile services

o Seamless switching, and a variety of Quality of Service driven

services

o Better scheduling and call admission control techniques

o Better spectral efficiency



Disadvantages of 4G:

-expensive.

-battery uses is more.

-hard to implement

-need complicated hard ware.



More affordable communication services

One device can communicate with all vs. many devices

communicating with some devices.

TV, internet, phone, radio, home environment sensors all

reachable through one device the cell phone

-Streaming HD video

Impact of 4G



o 4G car

o4G and public safety

o

Sensor in public vehicle

oCameras in traffic light

oFirst responder route selection

oTraffic control during disasters

Applications of 4G :



•With this we can conclude 4G as a :

“MAGIC”

Mobile multimedia connection.

Anywhere anytime with anyone.

Global mobility support.

Integrated wireless solution.

Customized personal services.

Conclusion



References :-

Wireless next wave – 4G

Documents

Transcript of Wireless next wave – 4G