Wireless InterOp Architecture and Design Robert Burchard.
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Transcript of Wireless InterOp Architecture and Design Robert Burchard.
2 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
Agenda
Smart Grid Concepts
Use Cases
Architectural & Design Overview & Considerations Network Overview (BH, WWAN,
WLAN, WHAN) Coverage and Capacity Equipment Specifications Indicative Build-outs
Application Solutions & Profiles
Equipment Mapping to Applications
Solution Components Overview Service Delivery
Design & Implementation Network Management
Industrial Radios & Carrier-grade Equipment
Smart Grid Communications
The U.S. Department of Energy assigns the following characteristics to smart grid: Self-healing from power disturbance events Enabling active participation by consumers in demand response Operating resiliently against physical and cyber attack Providing power quality for 21st century needs Accommodating all generation and storage options Enabling new products, services, and markets Optimizing assets and operating efficiently
Communications to accomplish Secure Two-way High-speed communications
3 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
Smart Grid Solutions
Grid Virtualization AMI/AMR Distribution Automation Substation Automation (Last Mile) Secure SCADA / DCS / Telemetry
Demand Response / Management Condition-Based Maintenance Physical Security and Access Management Workforce Empowerment & Mobility
VOIP / Internet TMR / AVL / GIS
Governance & Compliance NERC, FERC, 2005 EPA, DHS-NIMS, CPNI
Increased throughput, resiliency and response* Source Chartwell
4 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
Focus on Performance
Design goals Flexibility
Today's needs Growth Standards applied
Visibility Network ‘At a glance’ Performance ‘At a glance’ M2M, M2P
Interoperability Legacy needs Industry trends Enable emerging applications
5 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
Connexus Energy Challenge
Converted from 900MHz substation communications due to reliability and interference challenges. Moved 900MHz resources to point applications in the field.
Approach Began installation of Arcadian 700MHz for distribution substation communications in Q1
2007. Deployment ongoing.
Application Supporting SCADA/RTU comms and critical peak load control voltage management
program with GRE. Expanded use for 2-way advanced metering back-haul. Deployed remote control capability for utility managed generators on customer
premises. Enabled VOIP connectivity in substations.
Results 20 substations live with ongoing roll out underway as substation data concentrator and
SCADA upgrades occur across system. Communication reliability improved from mid 80’s to 99.9%.
Content approved by Connexus Energy
© 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
Crow Wing Power Challenge
Install a cost-effective broadband network connectivity to substations across a wide geographic service territory.
Support reliable and dedicated connectivity for two-way advanced metering power line carrier communication backhaul and load control applications.
Approach Began installation of Arcadian 700MHz modems for distribution substation communications
in Q3 2007. Deployment ongoing.
Application Supporting high speed comms for critical peak load control voltage management program
with GRE. Expanded capability and reliability for 2-way advanced metering back-haul and Landis+Gyr
PLC AMI application.
Results Zero weather related outages: Improved reliability and connectivity even during Winter 2008
blizzard snow storm conditions. Communications foundation for additional smart grid applications planned.
Content Approved By Crow Wing Power
© 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
9 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
Architectural & Design Overview & ConsiderationsNetwork Overview (BH, WWAN, WLAN, WHAN)
GenerationStation
TransmissionLines
TransmissionSubstation
LocalDistribution
DirectCustomer
DistributionStation
Corporate HQ
Arcadian Networks
Operations Center (NOC)
Fiber or 700MHz
MicrowaveBackhaul
700 MHzPt-Multi-Pt CPE
700 MHzPt-Multi-Pt Mesh
700 MHzPt-Multi-Pt Basestation
700 MHzPt-Multi-Pt CPE
WBH WWANWLAN WHAN
SubstationAutomation
DistributionAutomation
AMITransmissionAutomation
Energy Management
System
VOIP AVL / GIS TMRWorkorder
Management
10 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
Smart Grid Interoperability Advantages
Headquarters
Oil Platforms
700 MHzPt-Multi-Pt Repeater/
Mesh CPEs
Transmission /DistributionAutomation
Oil Well AMR
700 MHzPt-Multi-Pt
CPE
WLAN
WLAN
WiFi equivalent Mesh
700 MHz Broadband
StorageTerminals
VSAT Backhaul
Fiber or MicrowaveBackhaul
700 MHzPt-Multi-Pt Basestation
WWAN
Arcadian Networks
Operations Center (NOC)
?
?
?
End–to-end interoperability
11 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
Spectrum Management Supports
Standards Based PtMP (Point-to-Multipoint)
Broadband IP/SCADA Serial SCADA Dedicated Channels Shared Channels Mesh/Repeater Data privacy Layered security
12.5
kH
z
757 – 758 MHz
25
kHz
50
kHz
50
kHz
100
to
330
kH
z
100
to
330
kH
z
25
kHz
25
kHz
50
kHz
50
kHz
100
to
330
kH
z
12.5
kH
z
25
kHz
25
kHz
12.5
kH
z12
.5 k
Hz
25
kHz
AMR / Asset Management
PTT Voice / Mobile Data
AMI / SCADA Mesh / Nomadic
M2M Broadband Fixed / Nomadic
•Broadband IP - Up to 2.4 Mbs•Serial •Seria
l
•Mesh •Mesh
IP Foundation
IP Enables Flat Network
Intranet end-to-end IT and Communications – now same language Standards now deployable
Collected Data Payload - Use/needs specific delivery Network statistics - Use/needs specific delivery Backup duplication in Real-Time
Interoperability Legacy needs Industry trends Enable emerging applications Seamless delivery of Company-Wide Security policies
12 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
Smart Grid Zoned Security – IP Addressing & VLANs
GenerationStation
TransmissionLines
Customer OwnedTransmission
LocalDistribution
DirectCustomer
TransformerStation
MunicipalStation
LocalDistribution Center
Customer Service
EngineeringIT / Admin / Security Transmission
Distribution
Corporate HQ
AN Network Management
•Options: logical IP segregation by Region or Technology:VLAN segregation by “network”: security, users, network management
13 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
© 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
Security Advantages
Typical, Weak Network Security
Arcadian Networks End-to-End Network Security
WWANWireless
Encryption
BackhaulVPN Tunnel / VLAN /
Leased Line
3-foot ProblemUn-encrypted
WWAN to Backhaul
Link
CPE Modem
VPN ServerHQ / Operations
CPE Modem
VPN ServerHQ / Operations
WWAN
BackhaulEnd-to-End Security End-to-End: - VPN - VLAN - Encryption
14
Integrated IP Network Consolidation Consolidation leads to:
Lower total cost of ownership Reduced complexity
16 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
Increased service level availability Grouping by application types/use Greater reliance on individual systems
Customer Requirements
Data Integration Example SCADA RTUs
Meters MV90 and real time
SEL 2030 interface to relays
VoIP Phone
WiFi Access Point
Load management transmitters (where the transmitter is not on the communications backbone)
AMR/AMI Backhaul – PLC, wireless
Remote Generators (customer premises)
Security (video, card key access – future)
•Courtesy of Great River Energy17 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
18 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
Architectural & Design Overview & Considerations Indicative Build-outs
19 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
Architectural & Design Overview & ConsiderationsIndicative Build-outs
20 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
Architectural & Design Overview & ConsiderationsIndicative Build-outs
21 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
Architectural & Design Overview & ConsiderationsIndicative Build-outs
22 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
Application Solutions – Electric Utilities Corporate, Industrial & Agricultural AMI for Load and Outage Management
Meter can be connected directly to radio or via a concentrator for bi-directional communications Equipment can be placed in NEMA enclosure if it requires
protection from the elements
Radio or concentrator connects to broadband network
Data is routed via private 700MHz backhaul WWAN
1 432
12
3
4
24 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
Project Management:Four-Phase Iterative Methodology
Conception
Definition
Operations
Execution
25 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
Architectural & Design Overview & ConsiderationsCoverage & Capacity
Coverage Base station Antenna Height Coverage Area
ROM Coverage Simulation Site Visits
CPE End-point Antenna Height Frequency
700MHz, 2.4GHz, 3.65GHz, 5.8GHz
Noise-floor dB, determines power CPE end-
point radio needs to “hear” a base station at the given base station power and antenna height
Capacity Application Requirements
# of Intelligent End Devices Reading intervals # of Bytes per read Maximum Latency Tolerable
Equipment Capabilities # of Base stations / Sectors
Payload Duty Cycle Bits/hertz Serial / Ethernet
Maximum radios per channel
ROM Decision Points
Coverage and capacity concepts are relevant for all technologies
Bandwidth, range, channel size, data rate
Private Consumer IP or Serial
Attributes/symptoms differ by technology
Consumer networks are more difficult to model due to limited visibility and control over components and inputs
26 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
27 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
Architectural & Design Overview & ConsiderationsEquipment Specifications Specifications
Channel Bandwidth (kHz): spectrum available & frequency planning Modulation: defines bit/hz, data rate potential, and performance thresholds
Data rate / channel (kb/s) Combined with bandwidth defines receiver (Tx) sensitivity
Duplex: Frequency division: Tx and Rx simultaneously – requires more spectrum for data rate Time Division: Tx and RX share time – use caution when co-locating devices
Power: combined with Rx sensitivity gives link budget and range potential Data Interface: serial, Ethernet, OEM, etc. Radios/BTS architecture:
Point-to-point, Point-to-multipoint, Mesh/Repeater
Transaction / time Influences latency
28 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
RF Design – CelPlan ExampleRadio Frequency Design Antenna Height Optimization
•High Resolution Terrain•Multi-factor Clutter•Signal Testing & Model Tuning
•High Resolution Terrain•Multi-factor Clutter•Signal Testing & Model Tuning
Diagnostics & Lessons Learned Asset location information
Actual vs. location of record Continual feedback to the design team
Integrity of as-built information
Aptitude of design support personnel Future training needs
Integrity of deployment closeout packages Existing processes may be insufficient for current projects Methods, thresholds and scope
Network touch versus performance failures
Measurement granularity aligned with application profiles
RF environmental factors
A positive mindset approach to deployment New technology deployment identifies improvement opportunities for related business and technology
systems Benefits and opportunities transcend technologies
Project Management Areas Impacted:1. Project planning and network design2. Asset information and logistics3. Spectrum integrity4. Core network deployment and testing5. Application cutover6. Ongoing Operations
29 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
30 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
Managed Services
Network Awareness Tailor NMS for individual customer
needs and SLA performance requirements
Alarm notification and correlation SMS eMail Visual Map with News and Weather
feed NMS Alarm Summary Page Auto-Generated Incident Ticket
Troubleshooting Methodical, NERC-CIP
troubleshooting techniques and methodology
Converged realtime and historical, performance & RF, statistics
Incident Resolution Tailored for customer needs based
on SLA MTTR requirements with custom escalation policies
Technician oriented and proactive Root cause Steps to be taken Site access information and location
Network and HelpDesk Reporting Fully customizable reports Customer site performance Customer SLA reporting
MTTR Availability
RF statistical reports for proactive optimization
Informative customer ticket summaries
Network Operations Center (NOC) Capabilities
32 © 2007 Arcadian Networks. All rights reserved.
Network Awareness
Network awareness continues with the actual alarm notifications SMS Email Geographical Asset Map Hierarchical Network Dependencies NMS Alarm Summary Page Auto-Generated Incident Ticket
Basestation Router
Basestation Switch
WMTS
UPS
MMU
Modems