A project report on energy meter monitoring online using wireless transmission GSM modem
Wireless Energy Transmission report
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Transcript of Wireless Energy Transmission report
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WIRELESS ENERGY TRASMISSION
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MUCHHALA POLYTECHNIC
FINAL YEAR PROJECT
(ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION)
TOPIC- WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSMISSION
GROUP MEMBERS-
VISHNU .P. YADAV - 3342
VISHAL .B. YADAV -3341
PRADEEP .A. PATEL - 3322
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WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSMISSION
Objective:
The Objective of this project is to transmit the power wirelessly.
Scope:
This project is used to transmit the power using wireless and to turn ON LEDs or to
charge the battery after receiving power wirelessly.
Brief Methodology:
This project contains
Transformer Rectifier MOSFET Driver MOSFET Switching Circuit Transmitter Coil Receiver Coil LED or Battery
In Transmitter Side:
A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another
through inductively coupled conductorsthe transformer's coils. A varying current in the first or
primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, and thus a varying
magnetic field through the secondary winding. This varying magnetic field induces a varying
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electromotive force (EMF) or "voltage" in the secondary winding. This effect is called mutual
induction.
The voltage we getting is AC in form and it is given to rectifier circuit to convert AC
voltage to DC voltage and it is given to the MOSFET Switching Circuit ( It is a device used for
amplifying or switching electronic signals). Initially clock pulse is given by Crystal oscillator
and given to the MOSFET driver circuit and it is driven. The DC voltage is transmitted
wirelessly through Transmitter Coil.
In Receiver Side:
In the Receiver Side, the DC voltage is received through Receiver Coil and it is used to
turn On LEDs or to charge thebattery.
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Introduction
One of the major issue in power system is the losses occurs during the transmission and
distribution of electrical power. As the demand increases day by day, the power generation
increases and the power loss is also increased. The major amount of power loss occurs during
transmission and distribution. The percentage of loss of power during transmission anddistribution is approximated as 26%. The main reason for power loss during transmission and
distribution is the resistance of wires used for grid. The efficiency of power transmission can be
improved to certain level by using high strength composite over head conductors and
underground cables that use high temperature super conductor. But, the transmission is still
inefficient. According to the World Resources Institute (WRI), Indias electricity grid has the
highest transmission and distribution losses in the world a whopping 27%. Numbers published
by various Indian government agencies put that number at 30%, 40% and greater than 40%. This
is attributed to technical losses (grids inefficiencies) and theft. Any problem can be solved by
stateof-the-art technology. The above discussed problem can be solved by choose an alternative
option for power transmission which could provide much higher efficiency, low transmission
cost and avoid power theft. WPT is more environmental friendly than the conventional AC
adaptors.
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Block Diagram
Fig.05 Block diagram of wireless energy transmission
The block diagram of wireless power transmission is consist two part a transmitter and a
receiver. At the transmitter side consists the block of transformer, rectifier, to switching the
MOSFET circuit requires the mosfet driver, frequency generator and transmitter coil. At the
receiver side consist the block of receiver coil and battery.
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Transformer
A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through
inductively coupled conductorsthe transformer's coils. A varying current in the first or primary
winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, and thus a varying magnetic
field through the secondary winding. This varying magnetic field induces a varying
electromotive force (EMF) or "voltage" in the secondary winding. This effect is called mutual
induction.The output of transformer blockwhich is the voltage we getting is AC in form applied
to the rectifier block.
Rectifier
The rectifier circuit to convert AC voltage which getting by transformer to DC voltage. A bridge
rectifier makes use of four diodes in a bridge arrangement to achieve full-wave rectification. This
is a widely used configuration, both with individual diodes wired as shown and with single
component bridges where the diode bridge is wired internally.
Frequency Generator
A Pulse generator usually allows control of the pulse repetition rate, pulse width, pulse delay and
pulse amplitude. More sophisticated pulse generators may allow control over the rise time and
fall time of the pulses. A pulse generators delay is measured with respect to an internal or
external trigger. The pulse generators rate may be determined by a frequency or period adjust .
Pulse generators may use digital techniques, analog techniques, or a combination of both
techniques to form the output pulses. For example, the pulse repetition rate and duration may be
digitally controlled but the pulse amplitude and rise and fall times may be determined by analog
circuitry in the output stage of the pulse generator. With correct adjustment, a pulse generator
can also produce a 50% duty cycle square wave. Pulse generators are generally single-channel
providing one frequency, delay, width and output. To produce multiple pulses, these simple
pulse generators would have to be ganged in series or in parallel.
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Mosfet
Power MOSFETs have become the standard choice for the main switching devices in abroad
range of power conversion applications. They are majority carrier devices with no minority
carrier injection, superior to Power Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) and Insulated Gate
Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) in high frequency applications where switching power losses are
dominant. They can be paralleled because the forward voltage drops with increasing temperature,
ensuring an even distribution of current among all components. The major categories of Power
MOSFETs are
1. N-Channel Enhancement-Mode Power MOSFET
2. P-Channel Enhancement-Mode Power MOSFET
3. N-Channel Depletion-Mode Power MOSFET
N-channel enhancement-mode is the most popular for use in power switching circuits because of
low on-state resistance compared to P-channel devices. An N-channel depletion-mode Power
MOSFET differs from the enhancement-mode in that it is normally ON at 0V gate bias and
requires a negative gate bias to block current.
Transmitter Coil
The transmitter coil passes electrical signal from the mosfet circuit to receiver coil.
Receiving Coil
The receiving coil receives the electrical energy from transmitter coil and convey to the receiver
circuit.
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Circuit diagram description
Transmitter circuit1. Power supply
Block diagram
The ac voltage, typically 220V rms, is connected to a transformer, which steps
that ac voltage down to the level of the desired dc output. A diode rectifier then provides
a full-wave rectified voltage that is initially filtered by a simple capacitor filter to produce
a dc voltage. This resulting dc voltage usually has some ripple or ac voltage variation.
A regulator circuit removes the ripples and also remains the same dc value even if the
input dc voltage varies, or the load connected to the output dc voltage changes. This
voltage regulation is usually obtained using one of the popular voltage regulator IC units.
Fig.07 Block diagram (Power supply)
IC voltage regulators
Fig.08 +12 V power supply
78XX IC- positive voltage regulator
79XX IC-Negative voltage regulator
As we have used here 7812 is will give +12V regulated output.
Then this 12V supply is given to frequency generator IC 4046 to run
LoadIC RegulatingfilterRectifierTransformer
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2. Frequency generator
Fig.09 Frequency generator 4046
3. MOSFET CIRCUIT
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List of component
No. Component Value No. of component
1. Resistors
Film Resistors 3.3 K; W 2
1 K; W 7
1.5 K; W 1
100 ; W 1
Cement Resistor 5 ; 5 W 1
Preset 1 K 1
10 K 1
2. Capacitors
Ceramic 0.01 F 3
Electolytic 100 F; 63 V 1
10 F; 63 V 1
1000 F; 63 V 1
0.02 F; 63 V 2
3. Diodes
Bridge diode 4 A 1
PN Diode IN4001 5
IN4007 5
LED Green 4
4. ICs
Regulated IC IC-LM317 1
IC-7812 1
Phase lock loop IC IC-4046B 1
MOSFET IC IRF250 4
5. Transformer 24 V; 5 A 1
6. Heat sink Parralel Plate Fin-Heat Sink 4
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Applications:
The power could be transmitted to the places where the wired transmission is notpossible like forest,hills,etc.
Advantages:
Cost Reduction Required No wire Easy to transmit The power failure due to short circuit and fault on cables would never exist in the
transmission.
Power theft would be not possible at all.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
linear integrated circuit & its application- gawked
microprocessor architecture ,programming & Applicationsgaonkar
cmos integrated circuits data booksierra
Semiconductors optoelectronics handbooknational
- Semiconductors microprocessor data handbook micro-controller - keneth ayala