Wireless Application Protocol Overview Owen Sullivan Worldzap WAP Forum.
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Transcript of Wireless Application Protocol Overview Owen Sullivan Worldzap WAP Forum.
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
Agenda
Development of WAP
Protocol Layers
Wireless Application Environment
Security and Smart Cards
Convergence with IETF protocols
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
State of industry in 1997
Technologies were in use to allow handheld mobile devices access to network based content, but were incompatible Smart Messaging; HDML, Narrowband sockets, Others ...
WAP Forum was created to provide a single global standard for wireless data access for all handheld mobile devices
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
Initial goals of the WAP Forum
Bring Internet based content & services to handheld wireless devices
Work across global network technologies
Allow creation of content that works across many types of link layers and device types
To use existing standards wherever possible
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
What devices is WAP designed for?
Includes mobile phones, pagers, PDAs
Devices with limited CPU, memory & battery life
Devices with a simple user interface
Low bandwidth & high latency environments
Unpredictable availability & stability
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
Web Server
Content
CGI, Javaservlets, etc
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WAP Gateway
WML Encoder
WMLScriptCompiler
Protocol Adapters
Client
WML
WML-Script
WTAI
Etc.
HTTPWSP/WTP
High level view of WAP Architecture
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
Link layer technologies supported by WAP
GSM: SMS, Circuit Switched Data, GPRS, USSD, Cell Broadcast
ANSI-136: R-Data, Circuit Switched Data, GPRS-136
CDMA: SMS, Circuit Switched Data, Packet
PDC & PHS: Circuit Switched Data, Packet
CDPD; DECT; TETRA; Mobitex
FLEX and ReFLEX; DataTAC
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
WAP Protocols
Wireless ApplicationEnvironment (WAE)
Session Layer (WSP)
Security Layer (WTLS)
Transport Layer (WDP)
Other Services andApplications
Transaction Layer (WTP)
SMS USSD GPRS CDPD Etc..Circuit SwitchedData Flex
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
Wireless Datagram Protocol
Provides a network and bearer independent interface to higher layers
Provides port level addressing
Provides segmentation and reassembly
For link layers that support IP, UDP is used as the Wireless Datagram Protocol layer
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
Wireless Transaction Protocol
Provides efficient, reliable data transfer based on request/reply paradigm
Supports selective-retransmission
Supports segmentation and re-assembly
Message oriented (not stream)
Supports an Abort function
Supports concatenation of PDUs
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
Wireless Session Protocol
Provides shared state between client and server used to optimize content transfer
Provides semantics and mechanisms based on HTTP 1.1
Supports compact encoding of headers
Supports push functionality
Supports capability negotiation
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
Standard Message Center Adaptation Protocol
Non-IP bearer (e.g. SMS)
WDP
WTLS
Non-IP bearer(e.g. SMS)
WDP Adaptation WDP Adaptation
MessageCenter
WAP Proxy/ServerMobile
TCP
WTP
WSP
WAE
WDP
WTLS
WTP
WSP
WAE
IP
TCP
IPWDP Adaptation utilises SMPP, industry standard for Message
Center access
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
WAP application environment
WML- XML compliant mark-up language
WMLScript - ECMAScript based scripting language
WAP Push mechanism
User Agent profiles
WTA - WAP telephony services
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
InputElements
WML Example
Deck
CardNavigation
Variables
<WML> <CARD> <DO TYPE=“ACCEPT”> <GO URL=“#eCard”/> </DO Welcome! </CARD> <CARD NAME=“eCard”> <DO TYPE=“ACCEPT”> <GO URL=“/submit?N=$(N)&S=$(S)”/> </DO> Enter name: <INPUT KEY=“N”/> Choose speed: <SELECT KEY=“S”> <OPTION VALUE=“0”>Fast</OPTION> <OPTION VALUE=“1”>Slow</OPTION> <SELECT> </CARD></WML>
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
Placing an outgoing call with WTAI:
Input Element
WTAI Call
<WML><CARD> <DO TYPE=“ACCEPT”> <GO URL=“wtai:cc/mc;$(N)”/> </DO> Enter phone number: <INPUT TYPE=“TEXT” KEY=“N”/></CARD></WML>
Wireless Telephony Applications
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
Functions
WMLScript Example
ProgrammingConstructs
Variables
function currencyConvertor(currency, exchRate) { return currency*exchangeRate; }
function myDay(sunShines) { var myDay; if (sunShines) { myDay = “Good”; } else { myDay = “Not so good”; }; return myDay;}
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
WAP Security
Transport level security is WTLS, based on TLS. Provides privacy, integrity, authentication
End-to-end security mechanism defined at the transport layer
Application layer security provided via WMLScript crypto library
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
WAP and Smart Cards
WAP supports use of Smart Cards to enhance security
Wireless Identity Module specification supports performing security functions & storage of sensitive data
Smart Card Provisioning specification defines a file structure for secure storage of provisioning data
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
WAP’s current status
WAP Forum has 200+ members including 90% of world’s handset manufacturers
Carriers with over 100 million subscribers
Leading infrastructure providers, software developers & content providers
WAP v1.2 specification suite approved Dec 99
Commercial services now widely deployed
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
Changing marketplace
High speed 2.5G technologies - GPRS, EDGE
3G technologies being developed with data rates of up to 2Mbps
Multimedia capable devices being developed
Demand for richer content - high quality graphics, audio, video
©2000 Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd.
WAP next generation
WAP Architecture Convergence group working to ensure WAP’s architecture converges with the IETF and other protocols
WPG reviewing the output from the IETF PILC group with a goal of incorporating TCP into the WAP stack
WAP continually evolving to ensure compatibility with emerging technologies