Wireless Access in 2006 and Beyond

Copyright © 2003 Juniper Networks, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential www.juniper.net 1

Wireless Access in 2006and Beyond

Matt KolonMobility [email protected]

2Copyright © 2003 Juniper Networks, Inc. CONFIDENTIAL www.juniper.net

Agenda Mobile technology overview

• GSM, GPRS/EDGE and transition to UMTS WCDMA• CDMA and CDMA2000 transition to 3G• WLAN and mobile integration

Planning considerations for wireless access


Intranets/Internet

PSTN/ISDN

WiFi/WiMax

Base Switching Station(GSM/EDGE)

UTRAN (WCDMA)

Mobile Packet Backbone Network

IP Multimedia Subsystem

Access Point

Site Router

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

Base Station Controller (BSC)

Service Domain Host

Subscriber Server (HSS) Emergency

Alert System (EAS)

Call Session Control

Function (CSCF)

Media Resource Function

(MRF)

Transit Switching

Center (TSC)

Mobile Switching

Center (MSC)Serving GPRS Support Node

(SGSN)

Multimedia Gateway

WLAN Access Server

GatewayGSN

MediaGateway

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

Radio Network Controller (RNC)

Mobile Packet Networks


GSMGSM GSM WCDMA

HSCSD

GPRS

EDGE

Wireless evolution: 3 major streams

CDMAIS-95ACDMACDMA

IS-95B

1xRTT 1xEV-DO 1xEV-DV CDMA20003xRTT

2G 2.5G 3G

Multiple phases

WirelessWirelessBroadbandBroadband

WiFi WiMAX


GSM evolution to 3G

GSM9.6kbps (one timeslot)GSM DataAlso called CSD

GSMGeneral Packet Radio ServicesData rates up to ~ 115 kbpsMax: 8 timeslots used as any one timePacket switched; resources not tied up all the timeContention based. Efficient, but variable delaysGSM / GPRS core network re-used by WCDMA (3G)

GPRS

HSCSD

High Speed Circuit Switched DataDedicate up to 4 timeslots for data connection ~ 50 kbpsGood for real-time applications c.w. GPRSInefficient -> ties up resources, even when nothing sentNot as popular as GPRS (many skipping HSCSD)

EDGE

Enhanced Data Rates for Global EvolutionUses 8PSK modulation3x improvement in data rate on short distancesCan fall back to GMSK for greater distancesCombine with GPRS (EGPRS) ~ 384 kbpsCan also be combined with HSCSD

WCDMA


CDMAIS-95AIS-95A14.4 kbpsCore network re-used inCDMA2000

1xRTTCDMA2000 1xRTT: single carrier RTTFirst phase in CDMA2000 evolutionEasy co-existence with IS-95A air interfaceRelease 0 - max 144 kbpsRelease A – max 384 kbpsSame core network as IS-95

1xEV-DO

CDMA2000 1xEV-DO: Evolved Data Optimised Third phase in CDMA2000 evolutionStandardised version of Qualcomm High Data Rate (HDR)Adds TDMA components beneath code componentsGood for highly asymmetric high speed data appsSpeeds to 2Mbps +, classed as a “3G” systemUse new or existing spectrum

1xEV-DV CDMA20003xRTT

CDMA2000 1x Evolved DVFourth phase in CDMA2000 evolutionStill under developmentSpeeds to 5Mbps+ (more than 3xRTT!)Possible end game.

CDMA2000 evolution to 3G

IS-95B

IS-95BUses multiple code channelsData rates up to 64kbpsMany operators gone direct to 1xRTT


3G Release 99 Packet switched

TDM

PSTN

IP InternetCorporate

IP/AAL5 AUCHLR

SCP

USIM

NodeB

RNC 3G MSCAAL2

3G SGSNPacket transfer to & from serving areaRegistration, authenticationMobility managementlogical links to RNC, tunnel to GGSNQoS

3G GGSNMultiple PDP contextsQoS (GPRS extensions for real time traffic classes etc)

Iu b

Iu ps

Iu cs

Iu r

Gn Gi


3G Release 4

PSTN

InternetCorporate

IP/AAL5USIM

NodeB Media Gatewa

y

BICC Circuit switchedcall control server(MSC Server)H.248

MEGACO

TDMATMIP

Nb

Split MSC into bearer and controlBearer independent CSNew MGCP, new CS call controlStreaming MMS service using PS streaming service 26.233

TS 23.205 SplitTS 29.414 Bearer

Mc

Media Gateway

(CS-MGW)


3G Release 5

PSTN

InternetCorporate

IP/AAL5USIM

NodeB

BICC Circuit switchedcall control server

H.248

TDMATMIP

SIP IP MultimediaCSCF

Call Session Control FunctionIP multimedia control sub system (IMS) – IPv6, SIP based

Native IP UTRAN option

UDP/IP or AAL2Iu b

Iu ps

Iu cs

RTPor

AAL2

23.228 IMS25.933 IP UTRAN

SIP STAC

K

QoS enhancements (end-to-end)


Mobile IP Applications WiMAX networks WLAN to cellular roaming Inter GGSN or PDSN roaming

Mobile Core

Internet

SGSN

Mobile Node

FA

Home Network

ESS

Wi-Fi

WAP

FARAN

HA


Mobile IP Interworking with UMTS/GPRS

Recommends use of FA Care Of Addresses (CoA), not collocated, to conserve IPv4 addresses

Source:3GPP


Tight integration proposed by 3GPP

GGSNAccess Controller,

RADIUS RelayAuthenticatorRADIUS/SS-7

GW HLR

EAPoL RADIUSRADIUS Gr Interface

Create PDP Context {IP, transparent mode APN, IMSI/NSAPI, MSISDN, dynamic address requested}

Create PDP Context Response {End User Address}

DHCP Discover

Client

DHCP Request

DHCP Offer

DHCP Ack {address = End User address from GGSN} Lease

expirationDelete PDP Context Request

Client - Authentication

Client – IP Address Assignment

GGSN

HLR

GPRS Tunneling Protocol


High Level IMS Architecture

BTS BSC

SCIM (Service Broker Platform)

RAN TRANSPORT PLANE

CON

TROL

PLANE

SERVICE PLAN

E

SCIM: Service Capability Interaction ManagerMRFC: Multimedia Resource Function ControllerCSCF: Call Session Control FunctionHSS: Home Subscriber ServerHLR: Home Location RegisterPDF: Policy Decision FunctionBGCF: Breakout Gateway Control FunctionMGCF: Media Gateway Control FunctionMGW: Media GatewayGGSN: Gateway P\GPRS Support NodeSGSN: Serving GPRS Support Node

HLR

PDF

SGSN Intranet/InternetWLAN

MGW

Node B RNC

PSTNPLMN

MRFC S-CSCF

I-CSCF

P-CSCF BGCF

MGCF

HSS

MGW

MRFP

ABBREVIATIONS

GGSN


Thank You


Backup Slides


3GPP2 Reference Architecture

Ref: 3GPP2 A.S0011

Source BSC

MSC/VLR

PDSN

PCF

Source BTS

A9

A8

AquinterReference

Point

AquaterReference

Point(R-P Interface)

A11

A10

A1 A5A2

AReference

Point

A3

A7

AterReference

Point

External IP Network

Pi

Target BSC

HLRSS7

Ref: 3GPP2 A.S0011

Radio Network

(RN)


GPRS: General Packet Radio Service

TDM

PSTN

AUCHLR

SCP

SIM

BTS

BSC

Packet Control Unit (PCU)Forward data frames from TDM BSS to packet coreNew hardware in BSC

Serving GPRS Support Node(SGSN)Packet transfer to, from serving areaRegistration, authentication, mobility management / handover, CDRslogical links to BTS, tunnel to GGSN

Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)Gateway to external IP networks (VPN/ISP etc)IP network securityGPRS session mgmt, AAAACDRs for charging

Packet Switched Core

Circuit Switched

Um

Abis A

& PCU

IP Network InternetCorporate

FRGb

Gn Gi

Wireless Access in 2006 and Beyond

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